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WHALE BOOKS PRESENTS

THE OCEAN
AT THE END OF THE WORLD

ALEX KEULS
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History of baseball in the

United States
ThehistoryofbaseballintheUnitedStatescanbetracedtothe19th
century,whenamateursplayedabaseballlikegamebytheirown
informalrulesusinghomemadeequipment.Thepopularityofthe
sportinspiredthesemipronationalbaseballclubsinthe1860s.
TheearliestknownmentionofbaseballintheU.Swasa1791
Pittsfield,Massachusetts,ordinancebanningtheplayingofthegame
within80yards(73m)ofthetownmeetinghouse.In1903,theBritish
sportswriterHenryChadwickpublishedanarticlespeculatingthat
baseballderivedfromaBritishgamecalledrounders,whichChadwick
hadplayedasaboyinEngland.ButbaseballexecutiveAlbert
Spaldingdisagreed.Baseball,saidSpalding,wasfundamentallyan
AmericansportandbeganonAmericansoil.Tosettlethematter,the
twomenappointedacommission,headedbyAbrahamMills,the
fourthpresidentoftheNationalLeagueofProfessionalBaseball
Clubs.Thecommission,whichalsoincludedsixothersports
executives,laboredforthreeyears,afterwhichitdeclaredthatAbner
Doubledayinventedthenationalpastime.Thiswouldhavebeena
surprisetoDoubleday.ThelateCivilWarhero"neverknewthathe
hadinventedbaseball".But15yearsafterhisdeath,hewasanointed
asthefatherofthegame",writesbaseballhistorianJohnThorn.

Baseball Field

Abaseballfield,alsocalledaballfieldorabaseballdiamond,isthe
fielduponwhichthegameofbaseballisplayed.Thetermisalsoused
asametonymforbaseballpark.
Thestartingpointformuchoftheactiononthefieldishomeplate,
whichisafivesidedslabofwhitenedrubber,17inchessquarewithtwo
ofthecornersremovedsothatoneedgeis17incheslong,twoadjacent
sidesare812inchesandtheremainingtwosidesare12inchesandset
atanangletomakeapoint.Adjacenttoeachofthetwoparallel812
inchsidesisabatter'sbox.Thepointofhomeplatewherethetwo12
inchsidesmeetatrightanglesisatonecornerofaninetyfootsquare.
Theotherthreecornersofthesquare,incounterclockwiseorderfrom
homeplate,arecalledfirstbase,secondbase,andthirdbase.Three
canvasbagsfifteeninches(38cm)squaremarkthethreebases.These
threebagsalongwithhomeplateformthefourpointsatthecornersof
theinfield.

Different Positions in Baseball

Thereare9fieldingpositionsinbaseball.Eachposition
conventionallyhasanassociatednumber,whichisusedtoscore
putouts:1(pitcher),2(catcher),3(firstbaseman),4(second
baseman),5(thirdbaseman),6(shortstop),7(leftfielder),8
(centerfielder),and9(rightfielder).

Formoreinformationaboutbaseballdrills,workouts,
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