LATE PERIOD EGYPT

BY:
Papone

Sakulratanacharoen

Daran

Rungwatthanasophon

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1 005

Raweroad Opornsawat
Wipada

Bunwattanachotikarn

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Presenting to
Mr.Richard Sellick
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CONTENT
Content

Government

Rise and Fall

Economic

Religion

Slavery

Cities

Society

Writing

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Invention

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Art

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GOVERNMENT
Ancient Egypt was almost continuously ruled by kings, even if
there were several changes in dynasties. The acceptable king was
proved through legends in which the institution of kingship was
established by the god. The king was defined as the son of Osiris, and
often represented as Horus in the shape of a human being.
The position of the king was passed on, generally to the oldest son of
the king's chief wife. In some cases, when the chief wife could not bear a
son, the oldest daughter would claim the throne. At least 4 times Egypt
did get a female ruler in this way.
Exercising power was in the hands of the viziers. By the middle of the
2nd millennium BCE, there were two viziers, one for the Delta area, and
one for the southern parts of the Nile.

RISE AND FALL

With Sais as capital, Psamtik I managed to unite all Egypt, this is
known as the 25th Dynasty of Egypt.
Psamtiks 26th Dynasty brought back a level of prosperity and
peace that Egypt had not seen in centuries.
Although in this period, Egypt was a united country, it was no
longer strong enough.
Persian invaded Egypt in 525 BCE.
With Alexander the Greats conquest in 332 BCE, leading to the
establishment of the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

ECONOMIC
The central part of Egypt was the Nile Delta and the up the Nile Delta until the
region of Memphis. Throughout the 26th Dynasty, the Egyptian economy grew
successfully. The richest period was in 570-526. Trade became highly developed
between Greece and Egypt. There was also no typical of money because workers
were still paid by crops but eventually, barley was used as payment easily. Crafts
were produced in small shops as well as textiles, mineral product, and other. Trade
was also essential to Egypt and goods were exported to and imported from countries
around the Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea and the Red Sea. The main exports
from Egypt were gold and other minerals, wheat, barley and papyrus sheets.

RELIGION
In Egypt there had lots of gods they believed that the God can give a thing
that they can't have or when they have a problem. An example of an Egyptian god
the first God is Anubis he is the god of the dead; he brings the soul to the under
world and his body is human and his head is a dog. because there have a dog
around the dead body and the tombs
The second god is Seth he is the god of chaos and he also a god of
darkness and his body is human and his head is a animal. the seth animal come
from tomb
and third is Isis the goddess of Egypt she is the god of baby if someone want
fertility you have to beg Isis then your will become true. Because she is the god of
marriage and would provide luck for your new child.

SLAVES
In late period, there had only a few of slave. Slave were allowed to
have a right and also could have a job. The one that surprise me very
much is that slave received slavery and the last thing that slave could
have is that slave married during this period.

CITIES

Ancient Egypt was divided into 42 provinces. To each of these,

the king appointed a monarch as governor. The main
responsibilities in each home were to collect taxes and provide
for security through the courts. Cases of major crimes were
decided not by the courts, but by the king. And, the name of
the 42 provinces were called Nomes. Some examples of cities:
Giza and Aswan.

SOCIAL

Pharaohs are the most powerful in raking and the second powerful are
governors. Third powerful in the ranking are scribbles. For the next class
are merchants, artisans, farmers. The lowest class is slaves (have very
few)

WRITING

Ancient Egyptians had three different writing systems. The oldest, best
known, and most difficult to read is called hieroglyphics. The word, which means
sacred craving, was used by Greeks who saw the script on temple walls and public
monuments. The Greeks were somewhat mistaken in their terminology because
hieroglyphs were used on gravestones, statues, coffins, vessels, implements and for
all sorts of nonreligious text songs, legal documents, and historical inscriptions.
The ancient Egyptian writing was improved. There first writing was
Hieroglyphic (2700-1500 B.C.E.), the second was Hieroglyphic Book Hand (1500
B.C.E.). These two type of writing are Hieroglyphic but in the ancient late period
Egyptian used Hieratic and Demothic.

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WRITING(continue)

Hieratic was also called Priest Writhing which mean only priests and king could

understand and had chance to learn it. They developed it to be more easier to write
but some of them was still be symbol or picture.
Demotic or People writing. The easiest form of Egyptian writing. It had not more
pictures and symbols.

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INVENTIONS
Hieroglyphics

it is a character of ancient Egyptian

writing system. They were the first group of people write and keep records of events
that happened on that time.
Papyrus
the first form of durable sheets of paper to write on. It made from Papyrus plant
which is grown in the Nile river area. They used Papyrus for recording the important
document and religious text. It was also mass produced in Egypt and sold to other
ancient civilization.
Ink

The ancient Egyptian created ink using fine carbon and

lamp black. There was not only black ink, they either had multi colors ink.
Calendars

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The ancient Egyptian calendar was invented

more than 5,000 years ago and was based on the 12-month lunar cycle. They
grouped the month into three seasons that seemed to coincide with the Nile River.
However, this calendar was not accurate. The Nile River is flooding and rising
coincided with the heliacal rising of the star Sirius. Then, they based the year cycle
of this stars appearance. We still use ancient Egyptians calendar model in our
tracking of the days today.
Clock
Ancient Egyptian divided days into equal parts by the use of timekeeping. Some of
the earliest forms of clocks were sundials, shadow clocks, merkhets and abelisks.
Generally, the passing of the day was determined by the position of the sun, and the
passing of the night was determined by the rise and fall of the stars. There is even
evidence of water clocks in ancient Egypt. They were mostly used by priests.
Ship

Since, trade was very important in

ancient cultures, therefore having ships was extremely important. At first, they built
small boats out of papyrus reeds, but they began to build larger ship from cedar
wood.
Ox-Drawn Plow: Ancient Egyptian ox-draw plows quite same as the tools we know
today. They used it along the banks of the Nile River for growing crops such as
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wheat, in addition to a multitude of vegetables.

Glass craft

Egyptian had advanced knowledge of glass-working. They supposedly craft glass

beads of different colors. Their glass working abilities gave them advantage in trade
since such works were viewed as highly valuable.
Dental Hygiene
Toothpaste is another invention. They invented the toothbrush and toothpaste in an
effort to care for their teeth and keep the clean from frit and sand. The first
toothpaste was made of eggshells, ashes and ground-up ox hooves.
Ancient Egyptians also invented breath mints. The mints were made up of myrhh,
frankincense and cinnamon was boiled with honey.
Make-up
Both men and women alike used to wear make-up. Make up was used primarily for
cosmetic purposes and as a fashion statement. It also used for protect their skin
from the sun.
Actually, there is no specific invention for the late period but previous inventions
were developed by Persian and Alexander such as better road and architecture.

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ART
The late period art was very special because the Persians and Alexanders
culture were mixed. While others feature more naturalistic attributes. One major
contribution from the Late Period of ancient Egypt was the Brooklyn Papyrus. This
was a medical papyrus with a collection of medical and magical remedies for victims
of snakebites based on snake type or symptoms.

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