Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
COMPARATIVE FRAME
1. Objectives
2. Curriculum
PHILIPPINES
The
Science
and and
Inculcate
patriotism
Mathematics
nationalism subjects are
now
modified
use the spiral
Foster
love of to
humanity
progression
approach
starting
Promote respect for human
as
early as Grade 1 which
rights
means
that the
every
will
Appreciate
rolelesson
of national
be
taught
in every
grade level
heroes
in the
historical
starting
with the
basic
development
of the
country
concepts
to
the
more
complex
Teach the right and duties
of
concepts
of that same lesson
citizenship
until
10. ethical and
6. Grade
Strengthen
spiritual
The high
school from the
values
former
system
will now
be
7. Develop moral
character
called
junior high
school,
and personal
discipline
while
senior
high
school
8. Encourage critical andwill
be
the 11th
and 12th year of
creative
thinking
the
new
educational
9. Broaden scientificsystem.
and
Ittechnological
will serve asknowledge
a specialized
and
upper
secondary
education.
promote
vocational
efficiency.
In the
senior high school,
In kindergarten,
the pupils
students
may choose
a the
are mandated
to learn
specialization
based
on
alphabet, numbers, shapes
aptitude,
interests,
andgames,
school
and colours
through
capacity.
The
choice
of
career
songs, pictures and dances,
track
will
define
thelanguage;
content of
but in
their
native
the
subjects
a
student
will
thus after Grade 1, every
take
in Grades
11 and
12.
student
can read
on his/her
Senior
high
school
subjects
native tongue.
fall under
either
the core
The
12 original
curriculum
or specific
mother
tonguetracks.
Core
curriculum
languages that have
learning
areas include
been introduced
for
languages,
literature,
the 20122013
school
communication,
year are Bicolano,
mathematics,
Cebuano, Chavacano,
philosophy,
Hiligaynon,natural
Ilocano,
sciences
and
social
Kapampangan,
sciences.
Maguindanaoan,
There
are three
Maranao,
choices
that are
Pangasinense,
available
be chosen
Tagalog,toTausug
and
by
the
students
Waray-Waray. or
so-called
"specific
the
7 more
mother
tongue
tracks".
These
are:
languages have been
introduced for the
Academic,
which
20132014
school
includes
four strands
year. These
are
which
are:
Aklanon, Ibanag,
Ivatan, Kinaray-a,
1. Accountancy,
Business
Sambal, Surigaonon
&and
Management
(ABM)
Yakan.
2. Humanities & Social
Sciences (HUMSS)
3. Science, Technology,
Engineering &
Mathematics (STEM)
4. General Academic
Strand (GAS)
LowerTHAILAND
Secondary Level
Thai
Language
To have:
Mathematics
Economy-based society
Quality
of Lifes Promotion
All-Round
World
of
work (Foreign
and Balanced
Human
Language
&
Science)
Development
Secondary Level
Upper
A society
Thai Language
Social
of Science
Morality, Wisdom and
Health
Learning
Science
(Biology, Chemistry,
Development
of the Social
Physics)
Environment
Basic Vocational Studies
Foreign Language
Basic Religious Education
Note:
SECONDARY EDUCATION IN
THAILAND
Instead of the general
education
stream,
students may
Primary
Level
choose
to
attend
vocational
Quality of Life Promotion
education.
are 4 types of
VocationalThere
Courses
certificates
that
may
Thai Language Skill be awarded:
Mathematics Skill
Local
Certificate
in Vocational
Vocation
Education
Industry (Cert.Voc.): this is a 3year
programme;
Agriculture
Home
Certificate
in Dual Vocational
Economics
Education (Cert.Voc-DVT): this
Commerce
is also a 3-year programme,
Handicraft
which combines theory and
Art
practice;
Certificate of Vocational
Education - Credit Accumulating
System (Cert.Voc-CAS): short
programmes are followed over a
period of 3 to 8 years;
Certificate in Vocational
Education - Evening Class
(Cert.Voc. - EC): this programme
is intended for people who are
already working.
HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher education in Thailand is
provided at universities,
technical institutes, professional
and technical colleges, and
teachers colleges. Higher
education in Thailand is divided
between 2 types of institutions.
Firstly, institutions which fall
under the Ministry of Education,
such as state universities and
privateinstitutions for higher
education, technical/professional
and agricultural institutions, and
teacher training colleges.
Secondly, specialised training
institutions which fall under
Technical-VocationalLivelihood, which
specializes in
vocational learning. A
student can obtain a
National Certificate
Level II (NC II),
provided he/she
passes the
competency-based
assessment of the
Technical Education
and Skills
Development Authority.
This certificate
improves employability
of graduates in fields
like agriculture,
electronics, and trade.
Arts and Design, which
is helping interested
senior high school
students in the
particular fields of
journalism, media, and
arts.
Sports, which is
responsible for
educating senior high
school students in the
fields of sports and
health.
Vocational School
Formal technical and
vocational education starts at
secondary education, with a
two-year curriculum, which
grants access to vocational
tertiary education. [35]
However, there is also nonformal technical and
vocational education provided
as alternative learning
programs.
Following a Diploma in
Vocational Education or a
Diploma in Technical
Education, students may
enrol into a 2-year
programme leading to the
Higher Diploma in Technical
Education. Programmes are
provided by the former
Rajamangala Institutes of
Technology (current
Vocational schools offer a
Rajamangala universities) in
higher concentration of
agriculture, business
technical and vocational
administration, education,
subjects in addition to the
engineering technology,
core academic subjects
home economics, fine arts,
studied by students at general
music, drama and liberal
high schools. These schools
arts.
tend to offer technical and
Following a bachelors
vocational instruction in one
degree, it is possible to gain
of five main fields: agriculture,
a Graduate Diploma with 1
fisheries, trade-technical,
years further study. This
home industry, and nonrequires students to gain a
traditional courses while
minimum of 24 credits.
MASTERS
offering a host of
Masters degree programmes
specializations. During the
usually involve 2 years of
first two years, students study further study. This degree can be
a general vocational area,
gained in 3 ways: by following
from the five main fields
lectures and sitting a
mentioned. During the third
comprehensive examination (45 and fourth years they
55 credits), by following
specialize in a discipline or
lectures (36 credits) and writing
vocation within that area.
a final paper (9-12 credits), or by
Programs contain a mixture of conducting research and writing
theory and practice.[49]
a final paper. A bachelors degree
with a Grade Point Average
Upon completion of grade 10 (GPA) of at least 3 is required for
and junior high, students can
admission to this programme.
obtain Certificates of
Competency (COC) or the
Higher Graduate Diploma
vocationally oriented National It is a higher professional
Certificate Level I (NC I). After diploma, mainly awarded in the
finishing a Technicalfield of medical sciences. It is a
Vocational-Livelihood track in 1-year programme following the
Grade 12 of senior high
masters degree, and completion
school, a student may obtain
requires a minimum of 24 credits
a National Certificate Level II
(NC II), provided he/she
PHD
passes the competencyA masters degree with a Grade
based assessment
Point Average (GPA) of at least
administered by the Technical 3.5 is required foradmission to
Education and Skills
this programme. The Doctoral
Development
degree requires between 2 and 5
Authority(TESDA).[49]
years of study. A minimum of 48
credits are required, although
Senior High School
many programmes require more
than the set minimum. At least
The new high school
12 credits of these need to be
curriculum includes core
from course work. Furthermore,
classes and specialization
a thesis needs to be written and
classes based on student
defended
choice of specialization.
Non Formal Education
Students may choose a
The NFE is more flexible than
specialization based on
regular education program in
aptitude, interests, and school terms of objectives, methods of
capacity. There are seven
instruction and study duration.
learning areas under the core The content and the curriculum
curriculum. These are
can be adapted to suit the needs
languages, literature,
of individual groups of students.
communication, mathematics, This type of education is
philosophy, natural sciences,
available to all age groups.
and social sciences.
Subjects
learning skills;
SHS will be offered free in
foundation knowledge;
public schools and there will be a occupational knowledge
voucher program in place for
life skills;
public junior high school
social development
completers as well as ESC
beneficiaries of private high
schools should they choose to
take SHS in private institutions.
This means that the burden of
expenses for the additional two
years need not be completely
shouldered by parents.
3. Teacher Education
Pre-service education is
commissioned to the
Commission on Higher
Education while In service
training is commissioned to
the Department of Educatio.n.
4. Financing
5. Administration and
Supervision
Education in Thailand is
provided mainly by the Thai
government through the Ministry
of Education.
Administration and control of
public and private universities
are carried out by the Office of
Higher Education
Commission, a department of
the Ministry of Education.
6. Quality Control
Decentralizing the
responsibility of education to
the provinces
Problem 7
School violence instigated by
students among technical and
vocational schools
Solution 7
Lawlessness still remains
despite military interventions
Problem 8:
Lower ability in language tests
Solution 8:
Biligual education