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channel
At bankfull flow the river is on the verge of spilling out onto its
floodplain.
10
Qbf
Bbf
Hbf
13
The tool presented here cannot be used to estimate bankfull discharge from bankfull
channel characteristics if a) there is no floodplain or b) the channel is so disturbed
14
that it is no longer interacting morphologically with its floodplain.
Bbf
Hbf
15
substrate
Bed sediment of the River Wharfe,
U.K., showing a pronounced surface
armor. Photo courtesy D. Powell.
16
S
long profile of centerline bed elevation
down-channel distance
B
18
Among all four sets of data, the range of parameters is as given below:
Bankfull discharge
2.7 ~ 5440
Bankfull width
5.24 ~ 280
Bankfull depth
0.25 ~ 6.95
Channel slope
0.00034 ~ 0.031
27 ~ 167
Hbf
gHbf S
Ds50
0.2645
That is, if Bbf, Hbf, S and Ds50 can be determined from field measurements,
Qbf can be estimated from the above relation.
The tool is implemented as an Excel spreadsheet in the next slide.
21
Caution: use the relation subject to the caveats of Slides 5, 6, 7, 8 and 14!
Hbf
gHbf S
Ds50
0.2645
Stop the slide show and double-click the Excel spreadsheet to activate it. If you type
in the indicated input parameters in the indicated units, Qbf is computed as output.
SI Units
Input
Hbf
2.50
Bbf
30.00
S
1.50E-03
Ds50
60.0
Calculated
Ds50
0.0600
Output
Qbf
144.0
m
m
mm
m
m3/s
English Units
Input
Hbf
8.20
98.4252 Bbf
98.40
S
1.50E-03
Ds50
60.0
Calculated
Ds50
0.1969
Output
Qbf
5082.0
ft
ft
mm
ft
ft3/s
22
Caution: use the relation subject to the caveats of Slides 5, 6, 7, 8 and 14!
10000
1000
predicted
equality
1/2
2
100
10
1
1
10
100
1000
10000
23
Percent Finer
substrate
90
80
70
60
Substrate
Surface
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.1
10
D (mm)
100
1000
24
Percent Finer
The live
spreadsheet to the
right shows a
worked example
for a Wolman
count. Stop the
slide show and
double-click to
activate it. It is
customary to plot
grain size on a
logarithmic scale
when presenting
grain size
distributions.
Measured
Computed
Range mm No. of grains Percent
Size mm Percent finer
128-256
46
24.21%
256
100.00%
64-128
48
25.26%
128
75.79%
32-64
37
19.47%
64
50.53%
16-32
26
13.68%
32
31.05%
8-16
27
14.21%
16
17.37%
4-8
6
3.16%
8
3.16%
4
0.00%
Total no.
190 100.00%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1
10
100
Grain Size mm
1000
26
Computed
Percent
Size mm Percent finer
21.43%
256
100.00%
19.05%
128
78.57%
14.29%
64
59.52%
15.48%
32
45.24%
5.95%
16
29.76%
8.33%
8
23.81%
2.38%
4
15.48%
3.57%
2
13.10%
7.14%
1
9.52%
2.38%
0.5
2.38%
kg
0.25
0.00%
100%
Percent Finer
Measured
Range mm Mass kg
128-256
64-128
32-64
16-32
8-16
4-8
2-4
1-2
0.5-1
0.25-5
Total mass
50%
0%
0.1
10
Grain Size mm
1000
28
The substrate may be sampled in bulk. The surface layer is first carefully
stripped off down to the depth of the bottom of the largest particle exposed
on the surface. A bulk sample (e.g. cubical) volume of substrate is then
excavated. According to the guidelines of Church et al. (1987), the mass
(weight) of the sample should be at least 100 times the mass (weight) of the
largest grain contained in the sample. Several such samples may be
needed to characterize the spatial variability of the substrate.
The sample is analyzed in terms of mass (weight) rather than number.
29
2
1
32 mm
64 mm
45.24
59.52
Output
40.3 mm
D50
30
33