ELEG312

ELEG 312
Homework #6
Solutions
Problems 8.1, 8.3, 8.5, 8.13, and
8.20

Homework

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.1a
For an NMOS differential pair with a common-mode voltage VCM applied, as
shown in Fig. 8.2, let VDD = VSS = 1.0 V, kn = 0.4 mA/V2, (W/L)1,2 = 12.5, Vtn =
0.5 V, I = 0.2 mA, RD = 10 kW, and neglect channel-length modulation.
(a) Find VOV and VGS for each transistor.
(b) For VCM = 0, find VS, ID1 , ID2, VD1 , and VD2.
(c) Repeat (b) for VCM = +0.3 V.
(d) Repeal (b) for VCM = -0. 1 V.
(e) What is the highest value of VCM for which Q1 and Q2 remain in saturation?
(f) If current source I requires a minimum voltage of 0.2 V to operate properly, what is the
lowest value allowed for VS and hence for VCM?
I 1 W 2
vG1 vG 2 VCM
I D1 I D 2 kn' VOV
2 2 L 1
VOV 2 I D kn W L

0.2mA
0.2V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V

VGS Vt VOV 0.5V 0.2V 0.7V

Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

Homework

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.1b,c
For an NMOS differential pair with a common-mode voltage VCM applied, as
shown in Fig. 8.2, let VDD = VSS = 1.0 V, kn = 0.4 mA/V2, (W/L)1,2 = 12.5 V, Vtn =
0.5 V, I = 0.2 mA, RD = 10 kW, and neglect channel-length modulation.
(b) For VCM = 0, find VS, ID1 , ID2, VD1 , and VD2.
VOV 0.2V
vG1 vG 2 VCM

VGS 0.7V

VS VG VGS 0V 0.7V 0.7V

I 0.2mA
I D1 I D 2
0.1mA
2
2
I
VD1 VD 2 VDD RD 1V 0.1mA 10kW 0V
2

(c) Repeat (b) for VCM = +0.3 V.

Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

Homework

VS VG VGS 0.3V 0.7V 0.4V

I 0.2mA
I D1 I D 2
0.1mA
2
2
I
VD1 VD 2 VDD RD 1V 0.1mA 10kW 0V
2
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.1d,e,f
For an NMOS differential pair with a common-mode voltage VCM applied, as
shown in Fig. 8.2, let VDD = VSS = 1.0 V, kn = 0.4 mA/V2, (W/L)1,2 = 12.5 V, Vtn =
0.5 V, I = 0.2 mA, RD = 10 kW, and neglect channel-length modulation.
(d) Repeal (b) for VCM = -0. 1 V. VS VG VGS 0.1V 0.7V 0.8V
I 0.2mA
I D1 I D 2
0.1mA
2
2
I
VD1 VD 2 VDD RD 1V 0.1mA 10kW 0V
2
(e) What is the highest value of VCM for which Q1 and Q2
remain in saturation?
I
V

RD 0.5V 1V 0.1mA 10kW 0.5V

CM max
t
DD
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
2
common-mode input voltage V .
CM

(f) If current source I requires a minimum voltage of 0.2 V to operate properly, what is the
lowest value allowed for VS and hence for VCM?
VCM min VSS VCS VGS 1V 0.2V 0.7V 0.1V
Homework

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.3a
For the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 let vG2 = 0 and vG1 = vid.
Find the value of vid that corresponds to each of the following situations:
(a) iD1 = iD2 = 0.1 mA;
(b) iD1 = 0.15 mA and iD2 = 0.05 mA;
(c) iD1 = 0.2 mA and iD2 = 0 mA (Q2 just cuts off);
(d) iD1 = 0.05 mA and iD2 = 0.15 mA;
(e) iD1 = 0 mA (Q1 just cuts off) and iD2 = 0.2 mA.
For each case, find vs, vD1, vD2, and (vD1 - vD2).
(a) iD1 = iD2 = 0.1 mA;
I
iD1 iD 2
2
vG1 vG 2 0V
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

Homework

vid vG1 vG 2 0V
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem
8.3b
For the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 let v

= 0 and vG1 = vid.

Find the value of vid that corresponds to each of the following situations: For each
case, find vs, vD1, vD2, and (vD1 - vD2).
G2

(b) iD1 = 0.15 mA and iD2 = 0.05 mA;

I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.15mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V

2
I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.05mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V

iD1
iD 2

vOV 2 I D kn W L
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

vGS Vt vOV 0.5V 0.245V 0.745V

vS vG vGS 0.1V 0.745V 0.645V
Homework

vid 0.10V
vid 0.10V

2 0.15mA
0.245V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V

vD1 VDD iD1RD 1V 0.15mA 10kW 0.5V

vD 2 VDD iD 2 RD 1V 0.05mA 10kW 0.5V
vD 2 vD 2 0.5V 0.5V 1.0V
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.3

I = 0.2 mA, VOV = 0.2 V

vid / 2
I I vid
iD1
1

2 VOV 2
VOV
IDa( 0.2V) 0.187 mA

iD 2
IDb ( 0.2V) 0.2 mA
IDa( 0.1V) 0.148 mA

I I

2 VOV

vid
vid / 2
1

2
V

OV

Transfer characteristics are

nonlinear and usually linear
amplification is desirable.

IDb ( 0.1V) 0.15 mA

If we can keep vid/2 << VOV (small-signal) we can say that

iD1
Homework

I
id
2

iD 2

I
id
2

R. Martin

I vid
id

VOV 2
Sedra/Smith
Copyright 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

ELEG312

Problem
8.3c
For the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 let v

= 0 and vG1 = vid.

Find the value of vid that corresponds to each of the following situations: For each
case, find vs, vD1, vD2, and (vD1 - vD2).
G2

(c) iD1 = 0.2 mA and iD2 = 0 mA (Q2 just cuts off);

I I
iD1
2 VOV

vid
vid / 2
1

0.2mA I
2
VOV

vid 2 VOV 1.414 0.2V 0.283V

vOV 2 I D kn W L
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

vGS Vt vOV 0.5V 0.283V 0.783V

vS vG vGS 0.283V 0.783V 0.5V
Homework

2 0.2mA
0.283V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V

vD1 VDD iD1RD 1V 0.2mA 10kW 1V

vD 2 VDD iD 2 RD 1V 0mA 10kW 1V
vD 2 vD 2 1V 1V 2.0V
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem
8.3d
For the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 let v

= 0 and vG1 = vid.

Find the value of vid that corresponds to each of the following situations: For each
case, find vs, vD1, vD2, and (vD1 - vD2).
G2

(d) iD1 = 0.05 mA and iD2 = 0.15 mA;

I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.05mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V

2
I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.15mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V

iD1
iD 2

vOV 2 I D kn W L
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

vGS Vt vOV 0.5V 0.141V 0.641V

vS vG vGS 0.1V 0.641V 0.741V
Homework

vid 0.10V
vid 0.10V

2 0.05mA
0.141V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V

vD1 VDD iD1RD 1V 0.05mA 10kW 0.5V

vD 2 VDD iD 2 RD 1V 0.15mA 10kW 0.5V
vD 2 vD 2 0.5V 0.5V 1.0V
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem
8.3e
For the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 let v

= 0 and vG1 = vid.

Find the value of vid that corresponds to each of the following situations: For each
case, find vs, vD1, vD2, and (vD1 - vD2).
G2

(e) iD1 = 0 mA (Q1 just cuts off) and iD2 = 0.2 mA.
I I
iD1
2 VOV

vid
vid / 2
1

0mA
2
VOV

vid 2 VOV 1.414 0.2V 0.283V

vOV 2 I D kn W L
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

vGS Vt vOV 0.5V 0V 0.5V

vS vG 2 vGS 2 0V 0.783V 0.783V
Homework

2 0mA
0V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V

vD1 VDD iD1RD 1V 0mA 10kW 1V

vD 2 VDD iD 2 RD 1V 0.2mA 10kW 1V
vD 2 vD 2 1V 1V 2.0V
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.5a

Consider the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 with G2 grounded and vG1 =
vid. Let vid be adjusted to the value that causes iD1 = 0.11 mA and iD2 = 0.09 mA. Find the
corresponding values of vGS2, vS, vGS1, and hence vid. What is the difference output voltage
vD2-vD1? What is the voltage gain (vD2-vD1)/vid? What value of vid results in iD1 = 0.09 mA
and iD2 = 0.11 mA?
I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid
iD1

vid 0.02V

0.11mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V 2
I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid
vid 0.02V
iD 2

0.09mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V
2

2 0.11mA
0.21V
mA
0.4 2 12.5
V
vD1 VDD iD1RD 1V 0.11mA 10kW 0.1V

vOV 2 I D kn W L
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

vGS Vt vOV 0.5V 0.21V 0.71V

vS vG vGS 0.02V 0.71V 0.69V

Homework

vD 2 VDD iD 2 RD 1V 0.09mA 10kW 0.1V

vD 2 vD 2 0.1V 0.1V 0.2V
R. Martin

vD 2 vD 2 0.2V

10V/V
vis
0.02V

ELEG312

Problem 8.5b

Consider the differential amplifier specified in Problem 8.1 with G2 grounded and
vG1 = vid. Let vid be adjusted to the value that causes iD1 = 0.11 mA and iD2 = 0.09
mA. Find the corresponding values of vGS2, vS, vGS1, and hence vid. What is the
difference output voltage vD2-vD1? What is the voltage gain (vD2-vD1)/vid? What
value of vid results in iD1 = 0.09 mA and iD2 = 0.11 mA?

I I
iD1
2 VOV

vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.09mA
2
2
0.2V

vid 0.02V
Figure 8.2 The MOS differential pair with a
common-mode input voltage VCM.

iD 2

I I vid 0.2mA 0.2mA vid

0.11mA
2 VOV 2
2
0.2V 2

vid 0.02V
Homework

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.13

An NMOS differential amplifier is operated at a bias current I of 0.4 mA and has

a W/L ratio of 32, mnCox = 200mA/V2, VA = 10 V, and RD = 5 kW. Find VOV, gm, ro,
and Ad.
I D1 I D 2

I 0.4mA 1
W 2

mn cox VOV
2
2
2
L 1

VOV 2 I D mc cox W L

gm

I D 0.2mA

0.8mA/V
VOV 0.25V

ro

VA
10V

50kW
I D 0.2mA

0.4mA
0.25V
uA
200 2 32
V

Ad g m ro RD 0.8mA/V 50kW 5kW 3.64V/V

Homework

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.20a
Figure P8.20 shows a MOS differential amplifier with the drain resistors RD implemented
using diode connected PMOS transistors, Q3 and Q4. Let Q1 and Q2 be matched, and Q3 and
Q4 be matched.
(a) Find the differential half-circuit and use it to derive an expression for Ad in terms of
gml,2, gm3,4, ro1,2, and ro3,4.
1

ix v x g m 3
ro 3

RD

Figure P8.20

Homework

vx
ro 3
1

1
ix
g m 3 1 g m 3ro 3
ro 3

ro 3
Ad g m1 ro1 RD g m1 ro1

g
r
m3 o3

R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.20b
Figure P8.20 shows a MOS differential amplifier with the drain resistors RD implemented
using diode connected PMOS transistors, Q3 and Q4. Let Q1 and Q2 be matched, and Q3 and
Q4 be matched.
(b) Neglecting the effect of the output resistances ro, find Ad in terms of mn, mp, (W/L)1,2,
and (W/L)3,4.
RD

ro 3
1 g m 3ro 3

1
g m3

Ad g m1 ro1 RD

g m1RD

g m1
g m3

g m 2 mn , pCox W L I D

Figure P8.20

Homework

2 mnCox W L 1 I D
mn W L 1
g m1
Ad

g m3
m p W L 3
2 m pCox W L 3 I D
R. Martin

ELEG312

Problem 8.20c
Figure P8.20 shows a MOS differential amplifier with the drain resistors RD implemented
using diode connected PMOS transistors, Q3 and Q4. Let Q1 and Q2 be matched, and Q3 and
Q4 be matched.
(c) If mn= 4mp and all four transistors have the same channel length, find (W1,2/W3,4) that
results in Ad = 10 V/V.

2 mnCox W L 1 I D
mn W L 1
g m1
Ad

g m3
m p W L 3
2 m pCox W L 3 I D

Ad 10V/V

m p W L 3

W L 1 2
5 25
W
L

Figure P8.20

Homework

4 m p W L 1

R. Martin