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Interatomic Bonding
Atomic Structure
Atomic Number
Represents the number of protons in a nucleus
Atomic Mass
The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons
within the nucleus
Isotopes
Atoms that have two or more different atomic
masses
Atomic Weight
Atomic Structure
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
Used for the computations of atomic weight
Mole (mol)
One mole of a substance consists of 6.023 x 1023
atoms or molecules
Wave--Mechanical Model
Wave
Electron is considered to
exhibit both wave-like and
particle-like characteristics
An electron is no longer
treated as a particle moving in a
discrete orbital but rather
position is considered to be the
probability of an electrons
being at various locations
around the nucleus
Figure at the right shows comparison of
(a) Bohr and (b) wave-mechanical model
Quantum Numbers
The Number of Available Electron States in Some
of the Electron Shells and Subshells
Electron Configuration
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Stipulates that each electron state can hold no more
than two electrons which must have opposite spins
Valence Electrons
Electrons that occupy the outermost shell
Electronegativity
Secondary Bonding
Van der Waals Bonding
Are weak compared to
the primary bonds and
exists between virtually
all atoms or molecules
Evidenced for the inert
gases which have stable
electron structures and
between molecules that
are covalently bonded
Secondary bonding
forces arise from atomic
or molecular dipoles
Hydrogen Bonding
Special type of
secondary bonding
which is found to exist
between molecules that
contain hydrogen