A teacher's first moral obligation is to provide excellent instruction.

Teachers with a high level of moral

professionalism have a deep obligation to help students learn. According to Wynne (1995), teachers with
that sense of obligation demonstrate their moral professionalism by:
* coming to work regularly and on time;
* being well informed about their student-matter;
* planning and conducting classes with care;
* regularly reviewing and updating instructional practices;
* cooperating with, or if necessary, confronting parents of underachieving students;
* cooperating with colleagues and observing school policies so the whole institution works effectively
What is managerial ethics?
Ethics is a code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviours of a person or group
with respect to what is right or wrong.
Ethics sets standards as to what is good or bad in conduct or decision-making.
Ethical issues occur when the action of a person may harm or benefit others.

An ethical dilemma is an inner conversation with the self-concerning two or more available propositions.
It is a choice between two or more courses of action, when obstacles on each side hinder the decision as
to which course to pursue (Berlak & Berlak, 1981). Teaching involves moral action. Teachers are moral
agents and thus classroom interaction in particular is inevitably moral in nature (Buzzelli & Johnston,
2001; Shapira-Lishchinsky & Orland-Barak, 2009; Simpson & Garrison, 1995).
VIEWS OF ETHICS
1. Utilitarian approach
Utilitarian approach the ethical concept that moral behaviours produce the greatest good for the
greatest number.
This approach views decision-making as selecting alternatives that optimizes the satisfaction for
the greatest number of people.
Greatest Good for the Greatest Number.
To analyze an issue using the utilitarian approach, we first identify the various courses of actions
available to us. Second we ask who will be affected by each action and what benefits of harms

will be derived from each. And third, we choose the action that will produce the greatest benefits
and the least harm.
The principle states: Of any two actions, the most ethical one will produce the greatest balance
of benefits over harm.
2. The Common Good Approach
This approach suggests that the interactions with your community are the basis of ethical reasoning.
Respect and compassion for all others, especially the vulnerable, are requirements of such reasoning.
3. Moral-Rights Approach
According to these philosophers, what makes human beings different from mere things is that
people have dignity based on their ability to choose freely what they will do with their lives, and
they have a fundamental moral right to have these choices respected.
People are not objects to be manipulated; it is a violation of human dignity to use people in ways
they do not freely choose.
Six moral rights should be considered during decision making:
1) The right of free consent: Individuals are to be treated only as they knowingly and freely consent to be
treated.
2) The right to privacy: Individuals can choose to do as they please away from work and have control of
information about their private life.
3) The right of freedom of conscience: Individuals may refrain from carrying out any order that violates
their moral norms and religious norms.
4) The right of free speech: Individuals may criticize truthful ethics or legality actions of others.
5) The right to due process: Individuals have a right to an impartial hearing and fair treatment.
6) The right to life and safety: Individuals have a right to live without endangerment or violation of their
health and safety
4. Justice approach
The ethical concept that moral decisions must be based on standards of equity, fairness, and
impartiality.
How fair is an action? Does it treat everyone in the same way, or does it show favoritism and
discrimination?
Eg. people are paid more based on their greater contribution to the organization, and we say that
is fair.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Responsibility or the obligation of the people or the organization to promote, to develop, and to enhance
the well being of the people as well as the organization. These are the things that the organization must
do in order to uplift the current status of the organization.
Levels of social responsibility
1. Discretionary responsibilities
Discretional responsibilities are the highest form of social responsibilities because they are
voluntary.
Discretionary responsibilities are those for which there are no societal laws, rules, or ethical
statements, but for which expectations might exist.
2. Ethical responsibility
Demonstrating behaviour that fit within the norms of society, the organization, the individual, and
the profession that have not been made by law.
3. Legal responsibility
People must play by the rules and obey government laws. Government can affect businesses
through legislation, judicial action, and agency administration.
4. Economic responsibility
A business is first an economic unit in society, its economic responsibility is to make a profit.