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MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES

TABLE 4-1. Minimum Uniformly Distributed Live Loads, Lo and Minimum Concentrated Live Loads

Occupancy or Use
Apartments (see residential)
Access oor systems
Ofce use
Computer use
Armories and drill rooms
Assembly areas and theaters
Fixed seats (fastened to oor)
Lobbies
Movable seats
Platforms (assembly)
Stage oors
Balconies (exterior)
On one- and two-family residences only, and not
exceeding 100 ft2 (9.3 m2)
Bowling a ll eys, poolrooms and similar rec reational are as
Catwalks for maintenance access
Corridors
First oor
Other oors, same as occupancy served except as
indicated
Dance halls and ballrooms
Decks (patio and roof)
Same as area served, or for the type of occupancy
accommodated
Dining rooms and restaurants
Dwellings (see residential)
2
2
Elevator machine room grating [on area of 4 in. (2,580 mm )]
Finish light oor plate construction [on area of 1 in.2 (645 mm2)]
Fire escapes
On single-family dwellings only
Fixed Ladders
Garages (passenger cars only)
Trucks and buses
Grandstands (see stadium and arena bleachers)
Gymnasiums, main oors and balconies
Handrails, guardrails and grab bars
Hospitals
Operating rooms, laboratories
Private rooms
Wards
Corridors above rst oor
Hotels (see residential)
Libraries
Reading rooms
Stack rooms
Corridors above rst oor
Manufacturing
Light
Heavy
Marquees and Canopies
Ofce Buildings
File and computer rooms shall be designed for
heavier loads based on anticipated occupancy
Lobbies and rst oor corridors
Ofces
Corridors above rst oor

Uniform
psf (kN/m2)

Concentration
lb (kN)

50 (2.4)
100 (4.79)
150 (7.18)

2,000 (8.9
2,000 (8.9

60 (2.87)
100 (4.79)
100 (4.79)
100 (4.79)
150 (7.18)
100 (4.79)
60 (2.87)
75 (3.59)
40 (1.92)

300 (1.

100 (4.79)

100 (4.79)

100 (4.79)
300 (1.3
200 (0.8
100 (4.79)
40 (1.92)
SeeSection 4.4
1

50 (2.40)
2

100 (4.79)4

SeeSection 4.4
60
40
40
80

(2.87)
(1.92)
(1.92)
(3.83)

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

(4.4
(4.4
(4.4
(4.4

60 (2.87)
150 (7.18)3
80 (3.83)

1,000 (4.4
1,000 (4.45)
1,000 (4.4

125 (6.00)
250 (11.97)
75 (3.59)

2,000 (8.9
3,000 (13

100 (4.79)
50 (2.40)
80 (3.83)

2,000 (8.9
2,000 (8.9
2,000 (8.9

12

ASCE 7-98

TABLE 4-1. Minimum Uniformly Distributed Live Loads, Lo and Minimum Concentrated
Live Loads (Continued)

Occupancy or Use
Penal Institutions
Cell blocks
Corridors
Residential
Dwellings (one- and two-family)
Uninhabitable attics without storage
Uninhabitable attics with storage
Habitable attics and sleeping areas
All other areas except stairs and balconies
Hotels and multifamily houses
Private rooms and corridors serving them
Public rooms and corridors serving them

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Uniform
psf (kN/m2)

Concentration
lb (kN)

40 (1.92)
100 (4.79)

10
20
30
40

(0.48)
(0.96)
(1.44)
(1.92)

40 (1.92)
100 (4.79)

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Public rooms and corridors serving them
Reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers
Roofs
Schools
Classrooms
Corridors above rst oor
First oor corridors
Scuttles, skylight ribs, and accessible ceilings
Sidewalks, vehicular driveways, and yards, subject to
trucking
Stadiums and Arenas
Bleachers
Fixed Seats (fastened to oor)
Stairs and exitways
One- and two-family residences only
Storage areas above ceilings
Storage warehouses (shall be designed for heavier loads
if required for anticipated storage)
Light
Heavy
Stores
Retail
First oor
Upper oors
Wholesale, all oors
Vehicle barriers
Wa lkways and elevated pla tforms (other than e xitways)
Yards and terraces, pedestrians

100 (4.79)
100 (4.79)4
SeeSections 4.3and4.9
40 (1.92)
80 (3.83)
100 (4.79)

1,000 (4.45
1,000 (4.45
1,000 (4.45
200 (9.58
8,000 (35.60)

250 (11.97)5

100 (4.79)4
60 (2.87)4
100 (4.79)
40 (1.92)
20 (0.96)

125 (6.00)
250 (11.97)

100 (4.79)
73 (3.59)
125 (6.00)

1,000 (4.45
1,000 (4.45
1,000 (4.45
SeeSection 4.4

60 (2.87)
100 (4.79)

Floors in garages or portions of building used for the storage of motor vehicles shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live loads of
Table 4-1or the following concentrated load: (1) for passenger cars accommodating not more than nine passengers, 2,000 lb (8.90 kN) acting
2
2
on an area of 20 in. (12,900 mm ); (2) mechanical parking structures without slab or deck, passenger car only, 1,500 lb (6.70 kN) per wheel.
2

Garages accommodating trucks and buses shall be designed in accordance with an approved method which contains provisions for truck and
bus loadings.
3

The weight of books and shelving shall be computed using an assumed density of 65 lb/ft 3 (pounds per cubic foot, sometimes abbreviated pcf)
(10.21 kN/m 3) and converted to a uniformly distributed load; this load shall be used if it exceeds 150 lb/ft 2 (7.18 kN/m2).
4

In addition to the vertical live loads, horizontal swaying forces parallel and normal to the length of seats shall be included in the design according
to the requirements of ANSI/NFPA 102 [3].
5

Other uniform loads in accordance with an approved method which contains provisions for truck loadings shall also be considered where
appropriate.
6

The concentrated wheel load shall be applied on an area of 20 in. 2 (12,900 mm2).

Minimum concentrated load on stair treads [on area of 4 in. 2 (2,580 mm2)] is 300 lb (1.33 kN).

MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS FOR BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES

TABLE 4-2. Live Load Element Factor, KLL

Element

UPLOADED BY

Tareq Naji

Interior columns
Exterior columns without cantilever slabs
Edge columns with cantilever slabs
Corner columns with cantilever slabs
Edge beams without cantilever slabs
Interior beams
All other members not identied above including:
Edge beamsINFO
with cantilever slabs
VIEWS
Cantilever beams
12,947
more
Two-way slabs
Members without provisions for continuous shear transfer normal to their span

KLL

4
4
3
2
2
2
1

In lieu of the values above, KLL is permitted to be calculated.

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