De partment of ECE teh? e.Teckh ECE Sow: ELecTRomagneTre FT ELDS é TRAN SmTrSsToN LINES CEMTL) ONITS I-44 By CH. MAHTpAL REDDY MTech GEOntT- A Electrostotics — | Couleomes Aa E due to tiff erent on distributions Electric flow Density Gow ss Low ‘Blectoic potewhal Es “Vy Moarwells Two Ey For slectrostedic fields Frases densi y Vr vv LYElectro Reng neat + lelas 1 Elecdro mics is used +o study the elects ond metic pheonomena- the. slectaricsmagrre frolds are closely wralated to each other: af we Field prodied fs dove to mognehe sffects , f js colle *magestic Field * TE the Slectote chat ge proces a field around te hich is Called orn Slectoie Field “ Moving choi.ge produces —> comment Conrout Carrying comductow produces —> mogreh Fld. Electric and magnehc Fields cre related ty each och a Field is called "sleclromag nhc Fond othes . time Varying OF hire tndeperc Soch fields my be Scalars ~ ft is a Quantity cohich te thelly chavocterized by Es moagmitude Ex: tempanatre, mass, coolume , density glectaic charge gbe vector: te fe @ Quarhty adhi'ch is characterized by both, a omagaitde and diwecton Force, velocths , slectoic Field ntensihy , magewrc freld Badensiby | acteloction ofc. Exthe Conordnate Systems. cagtesian Co-ordinate System: Lx, y, 2] YZ Which ave mutvally at Right Angfts to each other: Zz Ho EXE ; A LGD Tn Cavtecian A age oe 4 4 xo0 ee YS plane yoo =» x-z2 plane zo => ay plane 2 LN >y ( A % tes te x Yy = Conse Cae yz plane parallel fy 22 plate z z= conse Podoller to Hg Plane. 4Base Vectors: Zz aa Ze Ax, Ky, Ae are the base vectors Of the Giver, Cartesian 1 K coordimate Systems postion & distance vectors: Ap = Be + aay t BAe Ved = (rn Pa x Pet BTA Ta Hox t ody Ba pq = UP lel = (ony Cos) ray 7 oad ~ onit vector fee = -o po = tvectos PQ = = \ Pal ta} = [ara diy aa” dy = Aippdedial desth atom digecton dys Aypaedial Domyth Bers dizechor daa Kifpdactiet Damafeh ake Abeetiat wolume dv = doe dy dz 2 am divectoniff dechad- Sospace asea 3S = ds &o ds-= Af Aehiol svoface avea of the A= Lp peection vector SuTkace ATeA MOTINAL do x dinechon = dyde Be aSy = daddy ay , A = dudy &: Cudindixcal co- Osdinate Systems Ce p12) 2 Zz v the Ramage s of vosrables CE FEA o£ ¢ 4 27 -ma ez aS a \ x L Vv These ave thvee Ontt vectors tn the 61h) diwecHons denoted Ar, Ap, az Ppa Pr aw + PH ag + Pe Ox ~ BL Gedial Lergths ave dy AYpGediad Lengths Pr direc Hon odd = Lip poetat Loryth dze= 2 orenctia’ Lonsth fy dg director on x direction Ag = do Ty + edb ap + 47 % jm| = [aor © 4d)" + CD v Lip portion volume dvz wdedddz ds, = BE tf Ctomtiol vector Suaface Oren vv bo vc clivechory = wdoda a, Nowsamot : ds, = Alt poreutial vector Sunface Bea morre to ‘¢ drvecton = drdz ap dua Lif pBerchiat vector Surface ASLA Now to x Aisection = Tdodd A,Costesiam & Lindvicat Relation shep dus y= wsing, <=2 (id. a or = rcos$ , (wz) —> re (HES, tomb = Yfx ; zee Sphesical Co-ordinate System: the Tange of Vauisbles Of FR o £¢ 427 o 424047 point p Can be vector of Ppa Py aot Po Be + Pp ag Di treetial Lursth da = Lig f Oertial Lamath in & clivection edo = hippetat Lingth in & direction b divection wx sine dd = Akfhe%utio® Crrgth wo ae. a= dv a, + 80 Ay + FINO (aal = [caw + Crdoy + Crsing 4h)” Bib Outil suolume: dyva dv vee wsine dob ssino dr dod¢Di fheuectial Surface Awea y dy = Ail f tei ak vector Suuface alea noren to ¢ divecton = vcine dodge 43, = sine drd¢ dzy = sdr do Relationship bv cartesian, & Spherical Systems t= wsino cosh ys sing sing “A =— 7 Ccos® = Bees een pa[ea een Oo! [aolElectrostatics : a An Electric charge hac PS Shhect in a Tegion om space ound fe: this wegion fs Caltt on glectric Freld of dhot chartee- Such om Clectwve Field Produced due to Stotiomay Electric © < doer mot with Hme- ris tene Trvorent callef Stah’c Slectzic Freld, the study of Such tame qavedient slectotc: Fields (na spoce om vacuum pooduced by vatous types ob Stowe chotge (Aisteribohons called glectroStodres : Cov how bs Laws— Te states that force blo the point charges. Q),@ the tuso polut Charges product QQ, Ob the 7 two ¢ es Homal to the Sqanve of the dinakce @ acts ofong the Aine Soining @® fs diwectty poopohonal tothe. @is amvensely Popo’ betineen, Fhem. Fa Q @r 7 7 Re kk ol @1Q@, = Pvedoct Of two changes R = Distorce ble the es Fowce epending on the amedium In. which the Point charges ave Located Fek oe ee COhsHont Pro porhomabity L Cea Permitiviry Ok the medio F es Wire : cohich changes are Located! @ =Fla os ¢ eee C= Absatute peranittivilyy Eo = Pewmitivity Ob the Foee = GeO Oe DP R FR AR a= @ = = & @r 1 utléo Ry LTEo Roy (aa)Fy = QQ. QO (Ca) = A a Ue. RI, a ce the two charges axe the point charges amd Stoctiones fy nature Poinedle of superp ostHons— Q, the total Force 09 © Incuch a Or tone 1 case fs Vector sum of att on Bey rt the Fowces Sxerted or PO % B® @ doe fo Lach ols the ain ee tea Other Polnt charges @/@2 ‘Ge “ S. rgc- cH HH eee eee %s Qe ulléo Ris Q ae = Ta pal 7 force exested due te @, OQ 'S Fe = MO & ae ye 20 Ore as Ag = eee _ a lF-%] F = @g@ a oe a ree Re Gq 2 Ay = To (=-%| Fe = Fogt Foet Fee Te they ave n Other charges then force Exerted Ow @ dve to the all other n c is Fae Foe + Faat ~~ 7 + Fagg =o £& @& v- uTleo fet Re lel® A charge &%=-20Ke Fs focoted atp (6, 4/6) amd a c ¢ O=S50uc js 4ombed of RCS) 8)-2) Tr a Free Spoce- Fimd the Force sxerted On @ by @, fn Vectortes the clistomces given oe ire meters Leon the co-ordinates off PER Z| @ respecte posite Vectors ore Pe —6an 4 Hoyt O% R= Sax + Bay — Qa, AaVw uteo 2h Re x Gre — _e eee St &)-2) B= Rpg = RP = [S—corlorp (E+) ay + Earl = Na+ hoy Pee (m5) FPR e ee any on = *| = Wax +4ay 8a, (Ge lAgy Sy = Oo T1Se Gx fO-2e21aG — oO 5642 O15 (Bal pan — oy Fo = —20K10 % 5oxto® uTxe-esyanid (ly 1924 = -obyR Lomtse ax + 0°242! ay -O' Gyr 95 air = 9086 Ax — 0-016) FY +oG2ag N (Gl = Uy 684@ Four point chaiges each of lodte are paced ie Fe eS PAS I - »CO1N,0) &COir1, 0) M Tespectra ak the points (Gi oo) Cc 1,010) pefewmine the Fosce en a poimt charge of Sosee Lo Coted at oo point (0,01) mM position vectors - Re de, Bar 4K ee, po pow consider Force on @ due te, atone (oy Bo = P-Aa WR [Bal = Fig goxt6@x toxiS* | = 0-98s3[ae- ~ — urx eesyxio™ x@)* | Se Due to Symmuby s = > ry =e NR (Re) = (Ra) =|Peel at Feel = = Rog = P-B = 4244 Arq = A5+ 4x ee ee vo Reg= P-E = Ae-AY Ase= Se- a peer = Keng Ryqg = P-P = Ant ay Seq = ete ve Fe = Force on Q due OQ, = Oar Z2m UTC Roa B= Force ON @ due Os = 88s ae UTEo Koa” Fe = Force N@ det Q& = @ = + pret ee accel i ateo Rea = Qer - GS = OO = BOISE K LOK IO = V34%S4 utes Pre MITED BsQ UT Eo Ra, UW « eer ale 2 4G)” Re none [ Bae = 0:9593 (45 +c ) Va Fae raver [ay ay] = o-asssG@i-&) oa Fr = tb o4at (225) = 04853 (@ +4) oC Feo A+ Gr ash = 3:83 NElectatc Field! Twtensity © - Fe eee 6 Electric Field of ay cheng #C coding +o cov dembs Low the force experionced by the oh Q due to se. Oe — = 2 an UTE Rie. WW force pes unit unit charge Ee - Ge me f eee = “\ateo Riz 2 the Force Exertecl Per Onit C| 24s costes Slectoic fielel Bntensi @x) Slectoic Field strergth. This is vector auantity di'wected aferg © segment Forom tHe charge @, tothe posite of any other chge ce Bp p= Position ob ane ott rshonse oe utted™ Rip 1 Above Gey E due to % single point charge OQ; in a Foeespace OF vacowm eg RoE a, az Q, =Ic¢ Ac the denge G2 fs upit charge the force sn3certed on O2 ee a at the point where Umit chuys octet ie @ jal eE- — 2 umeor™ & Ee 3 & en ical iqeoe = o phen system owts of EN os VimMethod ob Obtaining E th Coptesian System | @ BK, =F > 3 n = KORE ITG $2) Ae Ba tM+Yay+eas @® Find the distomce vector R clivected x from “4 to 5 R= BR =a 4) ox +U-Y,) oy + GA) OR @ find tne Umit vectow Gg oblong the director Prom A Gee RA BA 1) |@-a] ® obtain the & ot she point B AS Ee Bm = 24 Vf UIT Go RY UTeoR IRI ® ze; - 2% Men we RIT UTI €o R™ Electric Field dvete discsete charges .— | Peso Sad of Soper pocihow Fa G+ Gr —-—-tEw m)of detecting the. vnit chorge is a Method Presence of Electric Field arovmd a Chae ge- withoot ary ee * placing onit test Charge placed Neasby 1 every cents has {be So Electric Field always Existing , AvouMd it. A the test Chazge Paced w™ust be Smmelf enous! thot the Slectric Field Tmtensity E to be Tmeasoted Should Mot ger Alstosbed, ® petewmine the Electric field Dortensity at pl-0-2) Ores chorge of tone ot @ (O-2 ,o1,72 5) min due to o& Point =e- @ E= a umreor™ © a= Rep = P= \Bap| — [P-®) PAT = C-0.2- 0-2) RK (0 -O1N)AG + (62-8 (H25)) 9g = -OFSA —Ol Sy FO2355 HO an HONEY FOES = Rouen -orldy 4 01253 OG Sear Be = ys GN 4@Yr zm i) Ee SSNS itt seed Cade 24 ae UTA G.EShK IO KOO: 4 Sear) 4g Ving SubshHrs Volos Oy ag wena ax U6 bay BY $93, BEM Og Eso the €lectnic field Totenity ot pole 'p!types of charge distaibutions: 5 They are Four types of charge disteibutons which ar a) Point-charge cit) Line charge (fit) Saface choenge Civ) Volume Chosge Point charge? Tt seen thak £F the dimensions Ob aSake Caraying cha%ge are very Vv! semalt Compared +o wegio sowroumding Tr dh the Suface Cam be treated to! ce Point: the comsecpomding charge fs called pone charge ‘trom but mot dimensions the polar chorge hac a~ Pos a a \ Line chatge? — the chowg e mou be -spreoded Qs, ete o ate cad a tine, which mabe fimite (Ow) Bmbait]e Such a charge oni foray distributed olor a Hine call dime charge ine : yee 4 at DEE Cites + a . 7 i €, = total charge density hn total Lengthy in meters Aine Tuteq val o- fe =f ade 3 5 “ de = egds a dibs Closed paty change oe @= § ee. AaL L x ® A chavoe fe dicdorbuted Ow xaos of cCagbesraw System having & gine chorge densihy of anc arcfr Lied the total chesge over the tenth ob for.2 3xr lec] L= tom ateng Kans che Alf Length be &2= ax tnx civechy on comzespomding chase da = ae =eede lo e= fade= de = [227], = 1000 0c =Ime iA the Soucbace chasges— Ef the charge is distwboted Unf oweamnby oves ce 2-8 Swpace than it fs aalled & surbace Chakge Co) sheet ofcho Cs = Swipeice charge Density €, = total charge fn-cctorm> Tokal Area én Square ame tert Sovface Tate gre @ = (de =fecds s s ds = dit swkace ATA. VoLume chasges ~ Volume chorsgedensity 4 a tote! chomge incor? | ai" dolal voleme in cubicrer oN Chm eva Volume Emte gral Q= fevay vol@) Find the total charge tmside a Votume having Volume change density as tow oo sity dhuz . the volume te S chfimed wo —24% 42) Of ysl & SE7L4 Slt Cys loz het westlac Sint y cfm considers hi ffountiot volume In Corte sian System dva dedydz de = evdv = lox Ee" onary tady dz, @= S evdy vol Rut now pee aes Tnteg oe . loz™ oo sintly dudydz mee YFO NSD rrotionw mole Sede eae a "ext sintry| S| “RB Seo to 2 Fe’), [2 é° oe de Zod cot = lo ‘ope! [a eos ~<052. gon bt = to[ ates? | [7 +e] yoret = BIG 162 antes! 2 ee Electric Field oe to various chorge dictrtbotons : E due to point change FE = ee Be E dve to tine charge dlistyibuhew ay, considers a Line chovrge ah having change density & af Show W f} q i “a "9 SeThe charge de on the Appiutal 2enty AR is Ada= te de Hence de ot pormtp’ due to dq dé= da UMEoR™ = eu dd ea (+ UT eo R> a E Due to Suskace chavge: ds oe es \"s E pve to volume charge: Ge da to be teprLow E da= evdv dé = de a UT Eo RY =evdY ag ugeocer™ f UTeo R Vo\ HEE evdv aElectric field dve +o Imbinite dune zl 2 tet poink Pp? is On Y ais rr ot which electric Freld a ; Tutensity to be datermined "| - : (oir) at consider e cwwll Blt Bothy fr ae carnying acherge Aq. olery the | dine as shonw nig. gr te ators manic howe dacde de = @dr= edz * da at ©O17) pak corrio) Ra Wp- Tan = FA (a= re ay v >| = Suds ween umteo (epee) [eH eon positive ais there fe Ean che poescut ow negatvearts Hence the = component Elect ri< Field trtensity produced by Such & change ab point P wt Comcet each othes . a eNOTED For Every ch qe= ede way lianas fio un ed emt ay We Now Treeqrating dE ove the Zz art brow oe to oe, WE CH obtain E a& b= § eu ydedy x ures (ary) ; ae aes ae "t » |S&l-le-| wevtane w= = Eqnat & opposit tang hence cancel d2=r secedezane © = tan! Gx) =—Me =796 ze OH Aanl(e) = Ta =4e Me { ee ag rsete ao ay eet sie d Saiisasstessibeneniit hala utes [a4 tare Co We = & cece do aa umes 7 eS Ce tarvo )Ate Ut ban’ =s0e8 "e liane > sea 48 gy = SFO deg i tread see “a oF Gevojrly a, ve. ow =k (cose doay = 24 [sino} a UTED ay uleor Th ay = eb (sin sins) UTeos = 2ee ay * UT fo VY 2M eoe wu y Tn General ay = Oe Ea a vim 208 ee perpendicular distamce of point ‘Pp? From the Line cha ae = unit vector tn. the disecHon Of the pesperdicokar didtamce of pointer From the Hine chawge: * the Field Er tensity E at amy point hat no component fr the. divrechor. Podaltel to the Zine ale which the charge Soteted ond the choage ts Iubmite For ex Pp the tine charge Fs peraltsl to 2,- onic t& the Aine Cherge Ts parnlitl te Yaris Econ wok hove ay component E com mothave % fomgotinite In Entent ith & = 20 Nef @) BD oritoren tine cherge bind the E at G.83)™ Des aborg the z-ass a = G-o)ea + EO een ae = z= Can + 6 4 oo) 7 $6185) Ferrer a = 64048 10 — o6i% porrag TH Ee eu a ot E= Of ag = 20K10 Gi TO gar = 20K 0 em” eet See AM K SESKIC KIO = (lo-1853 Gm +h 3e 3g) vl d ctrcllax Ring #- Electric field due to charge 2. comsides 2 chorged Caxtler 27 os radius ¥ placed im xy plane aL wir worth cemive ot orig Codey! “4 acharge un porns, atuma tes circum pberence =v he chawge density Gr clrn + the poimt*P’ feat pemndedee dicstamce = from the ring * on comsider O Srnokt Lifhy Zeroth clk Con tS ring. the chavge on it jis dq do = de dea eed uUT€o RY R= distance of Ponte ? fom dh cydindatcal coordimote System for kk we jong clivechon dr= wdg o Rae consider the are armov AangRe -eds +20, r WR = (ee za |\ me Be ve ER IR| Cerone eH a de= Qde pa 0 a ee tee “ures (ous) 4 Te evdéd ce = va AER ureo St) He the wadial Components of E at point p witt be Sym placed ja the Parallel to ay plane omd are going 70 be. Comce) each Other Hemce meglecting Ge component Boon dE dé=- & wad UTT €o @™+ Byte on oT E= aod - ap UTE OM Fe pao = ere a ee ax 3 = &Tz utes GaP. Je = st Byes Oe) Te a R= Radius oly dhe wimg R= pespemdiclar distone of point 'P! Froow> the Heer atone the Ads of then 4H this is the Electric Feld of point p (01072) Ue % circulas ving of Padius & plased im xy Plane,Electric field due to Imbnite Sheet of charge @ Comsicler am Tofinte sheet ef choose ai having Ueiform charge density es clmr 2b Placed Im xy: plane ‘out us use cylindrical Coonrdimates iis The point Pp ot which E +o be cabctoted Ps on Zans the Normal direchon to ds is iw z clirecthon ds = sdrd¢ =@cds= Cc udadd do a = Semdedt a,x uteor® nieeiee de de a mI wos Fea {Rl = [Pyor a= Eo ree Y Vel [a> RZ] dq x is den COstdrdb —vor te Ten (427) rece Pow Bmpiote Sheet IN KY plane a Varies F50m © t0 0d while & a Varies Foon 0 10277 cormponent does mot enist ar é av ce weeded ove 2a ce [fm Tf nei g¢=o F=0 aspot Meher Srdo =Zodo Por TSO = UES THA > VEX ae —. Chomging Mantis Ee es ody dp = ulréo o. yez 24 Slo os es Sv dd(=e@ Ti uyeo VU dG %) o dus (Pau ov i ei , a jum 52 = f todbaa [ey _ =a . e< or eeu aol ee [sts] Y foe points above x¥ plan Now a fe dtwection to Mosel sto digkerential surboce Ay ds comsidered. Im General Ea 2s & Vim 2&0 op = Pivechon anosarek to the Su foe chor Low the Points below the XY Plane Gy = OL e- 8s -q v (é) = £5 yf rr Ivy seo 1? thus Electric field due to Tmbinite Sheet ols howe is eVey where Mowmeal to the surface omd its ninvde ts Pandependenk of the distance dk Point Ferm the plome Coatainis the Sheeh ef Change |® charge Des iM Y=-Saw plane Im the form of- on Tmbinike Sqware sheet with a umber Charge density of es = 2one] . detesamime E at att the points &s =z £4 x Econse Porllel to Ya plane x -oy y = conse Ley Pest Porallel to K= plane z= const aa parallel to *y Plane yes x the plane Y=-Sm Const 2s pavellel to xz plane as show" in HQ Sow YS -5 E component will be oteng 4 5y as norm cdbgechon tO the plane y=-Sywy is % an = _ om Qs & = 20 xI07 a ° 2€0 2K E-ESqy\0" : = N24. 43 BY VJ rey Por ye-5 E component vii) ba along — ay diwe chon Witt Some ana wi tude c e= 2 CH) = 129-43 a3 Vian Teo At Any pone to te Left ow Right of the plane} el ‘is constank Onnd acts moranal +o the plant® fied the force of Emtewachon Hw tvo charges space v loc Apart Wm vowum- Ahe chavues ave awe 4x15 Se Sx IGF wespectvdy, LF the Same Charges ore Se pare! by the Same distance lan Kerosene with Gar 2 tohet Ts the force ob Imrerachorn SA the magmitude ob Forte je jen by FHA a zi “aiteo RE = Q2ILHN ne Haid Fe 6nd AT Bresy K1O> xey> while lar Kerosence r= 2 = Ver xt Fe oS Q = 21S? arolesa UT E0ea R™ uTeo Ry So 2 © Point charges are tocated of each Comes ob a aanern tvoimgle TR the chozges ave 3Q,—2%, 210 Rimd E ak MMe of 3a 218 side. # (01010) acaere) © (4, BR) PC 1070) TE ok p is tobe obtoimed eee \ i eee eo Bly a Ae UIT E> Ry Ry zw Ba Oa UIT € Ry R= O38 Be MIT €0 ReEY A charge & ts oni stot) pommly distributed j cing padius oa Ptkerenine E ot the ates bala a eda @®*r Na ae of mone js Rocated ot the origin. clot th orogm 2 2 divectom of E abcthe point Cus, -4)™ @® Firs E of origin d ve to & Point charge of 65N¢ Located ok C4312) 19 Cartesian Co-ordimotes, AD Point chawge & = ¢ B00 fe is Located ab Cell = 3) 7 Ard Supa wiences aforce E= San -B55 +$9N due ty @ Penk Choes ok (3173-2) Eimd the other charge Qo, @ xt is wewived to hold the thace Point charget 4 Q eachin Eauitibrivn at ah ears tetera troingle: an's ik placed ot the Centr 2 commess Of AP Pind the Peine chawge which will do ef trolrgle- @ Fovr concentrated Changes 0 Om Fo= Fay+Fay + Fy = OG Sy AA HIE AY NY@ Three Eaval chawrges ek (tec are placed atthe corms OF a Savane Lengthy 10cm - Lind the divectary & omoagnit of E at the Vacant Commer. ACom0) BC O10) ClOl 01,0) p(o.l, 018) To FimdE ot & Eagz Egs Ent FeSGavss's laio & Apphudons 7 Elechetc flux: Thos the total ho ok tines Of force in Any Porticvlay Electric Field is Called the Electric f4ux Ct is vepres by the Symbol th » Simi sey +o the Charges omit of Slectrve £wx Is alo Coulomb & Propertics of a Ce? a. +e Rs epee S Laux tine 3 Ploxsines — 3 a)<— Froma “a a * Bx tines beramiaates at theo . . Pix dines termimate the Tegotive chaige ave move otimes [e fp Electrire fteld Shronger 3B There Gq. These sines“Paralle! to each other 5. these Rimes onde pendent ob: ‘themedtivr 6. TE the charge OM @ body is +@ Coutembs ; ther the the dotat mo ch times OT girotng ov termi mating Om Te is also OQ! Butte m0 of Himes js Mothing BoE a Fox Elecdsic fx th = @ COL fommnbs . oD als placement Fivx Electric flox density (DB) » Rogrmnet ths the net FLox passing mormeat Passe the umit Swatace Area is Clit the Electric fbx clornity atts demoted asd comsider A Sphere with cherse @ placed atthe Centre the total Fluw S= ote Siaface ares Of pherep=hkh chy Ss displacement fuv% Density or Ars placeonet Loong ener pete yarn sbae oe oS Tele Cs =~ - SS Von moa x°¢. 7 ae Sree test ete S ~N ia: Vector fowrn of D? B= th SR m> ds Anhe= total firx Lines Crroscing oe mocamal throw the diff oma ds ds= Abberedal surface Aveo H a Ga = Umit vector i the chiwechon Tore! tote OS B pve +0 point Choewge 2 mmogmitude ob the D at Aq pore (B] = total flex lela total swhace AreaS th = @ =tote) flux Se utc (Dl = rene2 thos im the Vectow fomm , P at pant @hreh a distance oe feroorn the Point charge +@ is @tvenby Os ye ure fre Relhomship blu BD 2 Ee E ot distance of 7 FvO™m point chorge Q Is Given e+ Be wire ce D B_ as SS = te eet = — & ie =. UT Eoe™ B= €£o Tow Free space = €0be E5rl other than Free Space © >b> D= coer E * = p=EE © for various Chowge distributions Une charge !~ : . density OF € Comsides a Some Charoe having Gr bor" cere "a + she Lime is Gi dry. then the “charge emclosed abeng e time is Grveny = § edd a He fear Br De Siw = aa user Fr ae wee TA Ane Mne choage fs Tahte the € B= ke As 2 €oe Dae Coe De Ge as --- oar TmHmite Une chovgeSurface chowge comeider @ Sheet of charge havtang oniform charge dems Of e. dmx. then the total Charge on the sosbace ts Gluanby oe p= 2 fa oe da @=Jlsde D* oa OF = St S eee uTT so” EF the sheet of Chewge ToHnite E= Cs ay a = = ee Hea 2Eo G-6€E D= ts Gs TanHmrite sheet of charge Volome charges comsices a charge enclosed by a volume, with Uniborm Chasge demsity of ey Cln3 then the total chawge enclosed by the Volume ts Given ae ey dv @ S N a S evdy Nol val ie UT €0 5 €oE a V pe Sod vel sve aT or find BD in Cartesian Co-ordinate System ak poink P (Gi S10) clue to@* point Charge ols HOM at the Origin auaiborm Lime chaw = 0 btelan OT the ~z- ons - . © @ enitow Surbace chews of density &s = 5T-BAhe |e O7 the plane- © e (6S )-10) 2(e,010) ga Co) ont G0) C-\o-) <— 6S 4 BSY HNOay » e681) (el < 200Be = as = 4OXK Lo * 6 aq t+&aYy- loa, a W300)” (350 Pe Hed Gg = GB A1S2 KIO” FQ +008 x16 80g macy a 7 B® ea 4o0arclen song x-a6!'s 7 cfr Ea ke ireat aoe wk om the Lime Chasge pordimote -\ Comsides pot oie) + ples bE comtnn RX Co & domo Ea Bb have 7 a component B= Go) dn a eoey Ve) =t? Ga = OS a tXy \o e- tL a & SY BIT Eo('0) oe B= ob = eb 6am 484 ary x10 Tee <4 — a7 = Belagxtd 7 ax 73" O92 x10 Ay Cf © Og z 54-2 Welmr OP? rhe Phone =! athe Sheet Of Charset As Tepimee over the plane “%=!2 hich is pawaliel +o Uz plane + a Ga = On eke —om 2€0 Ane Powe PON the backside ob the plane, an=—b— = ~2%°6 x10 ay clm*Graves haw :- A. the. Electric flux Pousing tHrsoupy wy closed Suface Ts Eaual tothe total chetge enclosed by the Supace. tthe total Change enclored by the forwequtr. clored Steaface rs Q coviernbs Hl ds=dsa ° Gn = rormal tothe Suapace dsab he « fix deh ae cthe «Shox Passing throes the ¢, “Ly ° Sujace ds fs fhe predoct Of the peas Cieaat Coompenent of D fr the dixect ow sed Suipace. mowanct to the dsadh De, : th ads lamin, Dn Coamporent of B jon the dizec : of movant to the sorfaceds Pa = |B) cose : cis = |B) cose ds =- Bd dy = Dds Hence +he total Fux passing dhrovgy the ertive closed Suiface Fs to be obtained ne dr = b eof dhe surface omd the Now twrecpective of the © ing through athe Suaface tS Ch Aistaibotion , totok Blox Past the total chonge enclosed “by the Suapace. n= § pds = gacharae erhoseR s Y the Suspace ove which the Qavss Low s ppplied Ps called Qavskion SuafacesApplications of Graves Lavo: a the Gavsss Law cam be used to find Ead Tor Sgommetr| Chodge distsibutions, Such as point cha ary TrHnite Linechasg om dnkimite Sheet of charge amd & spherical clistribution of charge. Gauss gawis also Used to fied the charge enclosed Oo the wy the closed Surface - flan Passing thaoug| Point charge Ceroop of Graves $ Law] @) ZN comsdes a Spherical Seapace Around ©, colth Contre at OFFgnr the divection of B is ators Bey whew is Mowarct to ds at any point Pp’ Lay Spherical Co-cadiarote Sy540™,, . Pont the ds Mosmat to woclial che divechin Ge is ds= & sine) dodo = osinedeo d¢ * ov sins dod <>) ds =ds a = arsine Lo d¢ Ow B due to point chatge p= 8a ult or Sa _@_ a (ora utay a 9 dé = \B) (ds) cose! Note thok © 3s the Angle by Beds \Bla Se \a\= Srsinededf =o B-ds= @ a cime do dg uray = _@ sine dodd wT ov 47 wa fon § ( @ sinodedg Ss aT $=0 020