Portuguese vocabulary

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Most of the Portuguese vocabulary comes from Latin, since Portuguese is a Romanc
e language. However, other languages that came into contact with it have also le
ft their mark. In the thirteenth century, the lexicon of Portuguese had about 80
% words of Latin origin and 20% of pre-Roman Gallaecian, Celtic, Germanic and Ar
abic origin.[1]
Contents
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3
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5
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7
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Pre-Roman (Basque, Celtic and Iberian) languages of Portugal

Germanic languages
Arabic
Influences from outside Europe
4.1 Africa
4.2 Americas
4.3 Asia
See also
References
Sources
External links

Pre-Roman (Basque, Celtic and Iberian) languages of Portugal

Some traces of the languages of the native peoples of western Iberia (Gallaeci,
Lusitanians, Celtici or Conii) persist in the language, as shown below. Many pla
ces in Portugal for instance have pre-Roman, Celtic or Celtiberian names, such a
s the cities of Abrantes, Braga, Briteiros, Cantanhede, Coimbra, vora, Lapa, Leir
ia, Setbal, Sintra and several rivers like Ardila, Douro, Minho or Tmega.
Basque:
A claim of Basque influence in Portuguese is the voiceless alveolar retracted si
bilant [s?], a sound transitional between laminodental [s] and palatal [?]; this
sound also influenced other Ibero-Romance languages and Catalan. The apico-alve
olar retracted sibilant is a result of bilingualism of speakers of Basque and Vu
lgar Latin. Basque influence is prominent in Portuguese language and entered thr
ough Spanish, because aside from it is a result of bilingualism of speakers of B
asque and Vulgar Latin, many Castilians (native speakers of Spanish) who took pa
rt in the Reconquista and later repopulation campaigns were of Basque lineage.
carrasco "executioner" or "Portuguese oak", from Basque karraska "thunder, c
rash of falling tree"[2]
chamorro "close-cropped" (cf. Basque txamorro "grub, subterranean bug or wor
m" or samur, xamur "tender, delicate")
chaparro "dwarf oak" (cf. Basque txapar)
esquerdo "left" (from Basque ezker 'left')
sara (archaic), "bramble", fr early Basque (Oihenart; 17th century) arzi (mode
rn sasi "bramble", sarri "bush, thicket") (Trask 1997, 421)
sarna "scabbies" from Medieval Latin (7th century, Isidore of Seville, Origi
nes, 4.8.68), but as serna attested in Theodorus Priscianus (Constantinople, 4th
century). Trumper (2004) however, after studying the variants of the word in th
e Latin medical treatises, proposes a Hispano-Celtic origin; cf. Middle Welsh sa
rn "mess" and sarnaf "to wreck".[3]
veiga "meadow, grassland", from Basque (i)bai "river" + relational suffix -k
o
Names of Basque origin:

Forenames:
Incio variant of Ignatius. ***Of uncertain origin. Often claimed an EtruscanLatinised derivation but probably Pre-Roman Iberian, Celtiberian or Basque see* ig
o, aki
Variants: Egnatius (Ancient Roman), Iaki (Basque), Ignasi (Catalan), Ignc (Cze
ch), Ignaas (Dutch), Iggy (English), Ignace (French), Ignatz (German), Ignc (Hung
arian), Ignazio (Italian), Ignas (Lithuanian), Ignacy (Polish), Ignatiy (Russian
), Ignac, Ignacij, Nace (Slovene), Ignacio, Nacho, Nacio (Spanish)
Vasco derived from Basque "belasko", 'small raven'[4]
Xavier, from Basque Xabier, from etxe berri, meaning 'new house' or 'new hom
e'[5]
Ximeno,[6] a variant of the medieval Basque gifven name Semen, root seme < s
enbe 'son' as found in the ancient Aquitanian name Sembetten, attested form "seh
i" as 'child', hypothetical ancient root *seni (cf. Koldo Mitxelena and modern f
orm "senide" = 'brother or sister', 'relative')
Surnames:
Galara, from Basque "galartza", 'abundant in dead wood'
Garca, from Basque "gartzia", 'the young'
Mendona is a common Portuguese and Old Galician variant of Spanish surname Me
ndoza. The name derives from Basque mendi (mountain) and (h)otz (cold).
Velasco derived from Basque "belasko", 'small raven'[4]
Celtic:
Although there is not a comprehensive study or wordcount on how much Celtic or C
eltiberian survived in Portuguese (and Galician), it is fair to say that after L
atin, this ancient language or fragments of several languages; left an important
mark in the Portuguese language as we know it.
Placenames: There are numerous Celtic-derived towns and placenames in Portugal l
ike Braganza (Bragana), Menir de Forjes, Menir do Castelo, Cabanas de Viriato, Dlme
n da Pedreira, Borba, Bou, Britelo, Carvalhos, Carvalhosa, Carvalhal, Carvalhais,
Carvalheira, Carvalhoa, Amieira, Amieiro, Vale do Amieiro, Gouveia, Lous, Tojeira
, Vargem, Vidoeira, Monte das Vargens and many others.
Forenames:
Artur, (cognate of English Arthur) derived from the Celtic elements artos "b
ear" combined with viros "man" or rigos "king". Used in Catalan, Czech, Estonian
, Galician, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, with the same spelling.
Variants= : Arthur, Tuur (Dutch) Artturi, Arto, Arttu (Finnish), Artr (Hungarian)
, Arturo (Italian), Arturs (Latvian), Tuur (Limburgish), Arturas (Lithuanian), A
rtair (Scottish), Arturo (Spanish)
Breno, (cognate of English Brennus) Latinised form of an ancient Celtic name
(or title) that possibly meant either "king, prince" or "raven".
Brgida, (cognate of Irish Brighid) which means 'exalted one'. Variants: Breda
, Brd, Bride, Brighid, Brigid (Irish), Bridgette (English), Brighid, Brigid, Brig
it (Irish Mythology). Also: Brigita (Croatian), Birgit, Birgitta, Birgitte, Beri
t, Birte, Birthe, Brita, Britt, Britta, Gitte (Danish), Brigitta (Dutch), Birita
(Faroese), Birgitta, Piritta, Brita, Pirjo, Pirkko, Priita, Riitta (Finnish), B
rigitte (French), Brigitta, Brigitte, Gitta (German), Brigitta (Hungarian), Brig
ida (Italian), Brigita (Latvian), Breeshey (Manx), Birgit, Birgitta, Birgitte, B
erit, Brit, Brita, Britt, Britta (Norwegian), Brygida (Polish), Brigita (Slovene
), Brigida (Spanish), Birgit, Birgitta, Berit, Brita, Britt, Britta, Gittan (Swe
dish), Ffraid (Welsh)
Genoveva, (cognate of English Genevieve) from Genovefa, a Gaulish name possi

bly meaning "tribe woman". Rare, variants: Genevive (French), Genevieve (English)
, Genoveffa (Italian), Genowefa (Polish), Genoveva (Spanish)
Lusitnia or Lusitana probably of Celtic origin: 'Lus and Tanus', "tribe of Lu
sus", connecting the name with the personal Celtic name Luso and with the god Lu
gh.
Nelson also Nlson from the Gaelic name Niall, which is of disputed origin, po
ssibly meaning "champion" or "cloud". This was the name of a semi-legendary 4thcentury Irish king, Niall of the Nine Hostages. In the early Middle Ages the nam
e was adopted by Viking raiders and settlers in Ireland in the form Njal.
scar (cognate of English Oscar) derived from Gaelic "deer" and cara "friend",
possibly means "deer friend". Variants: scar (Catalan), Oskari, Osku (Finnish),
Oskar (German), Oszkr (Hungarian), Oscar (Irish), skar (Icelandic), Oskars (Latvia
n), Oskar (Polish), Oskar (Slovene), scar (Spanish)
Tristo (cognate of Tristan) from Pictish "Drustan", derived from Celtic drest
meaning "riot" or "tumult". This name was borne by several kings of the Picts,
including their last king Drust X, who ruled in the 9th century. Variants: Drest
, Tristan (Celtic Mythology), Tristan, Tristen, Tristin, Triston (English), Tris
tram (English (British)), Tristan (French), Tristn (Spanish), Drystan, Tristan, T
rystan (Welsh)
Viriato, from Ancient Celtic 'viriae' "bracelets". Viriathus was a leader of
the Lusitani (a tribe of Portugal) who rebelled against Roman rule in the 2nd c
entury BC. This name is historically unique to Portugal.
Surnames:
A considerable number of the Portuguese surnames (spread in all Portuguese-speak
ing countries and ex-colonies today) is Celtic or of Latinised, Celtic-borrowing
s. This is not a comprehensive list of those.
Abranches Gaulish from 'Abrincate' cognate of Breton *ambrouga 'to lead' or
Welsh *hebryngydd, hebryngiad 'leader, guide' + suffix "ate"
Abrantes from Proto-Celtic 'Arantis' or Latin 'Aurantes'
Abrunhosa, Abrunheiro Latinised prunum, from Celtic *agrinio
Bacelar (also Bacellar), from Celtic *baccos 'young man, lad' akin to Gaulis
h and Breton bach
Barreto also Barrete from Proto-Celtic *birros 'short coat with a hood'
Bico, Bicudo, also Bica, Bicalho, from Proto-Celtic *bekko 'beak, kiss',[7][
8][9] cognate of Italian becco, French bec.
Borba, from Proto-Celtic *borw 'mud, slime, mucus'
Boua, Boia, probably from Proto-Celtic *baudea-, *baud- smear
Braga, from Celtic *braco 'hoop iron, small fortification'
Bragana toponymic, also synonymous with the House of Braganza, from Bregana or
Bragancia, from 'Brigantia' Proto-Celtic *bhr?g'hnti, berg'h high, lofty, eleva
ted
Brites from Celtic *brig- / brigo- / briga 'great, high, eminent' also relat
ing to Brigantia the celtic deity
Brito from Celtic 'brgh' < Proto-Celtic *brigos 'strength'
Cabanelas from Celtic *cab 'hut'
Calhau, from proto-Celtic *ca-la cognate of French caillou 'pebble'
Caminha from Latin *camminus, from proto-Celtic *kanxsman 'step'
Canastra, from Old French 'banaste', from Celtic *benna- 'straw-basket'
Canto, Canteiro from Proto-Celtic *kanto 'rim'
Cangas, Cangueiro from Celtic *kambika 'collar, yoke'
Carpinteiro from Proto-Celtic *carbanto '(wooden) chariot, wooden box'
Carvalho, Carvalhal, Carvalheira, Carvalhosa, Carvalheda from cassicos, from
Celtic *cassos 'curly, twisted'
Cerveja also Cervejaria from Vulgar Latin *cerevisia derived from Gaulish[10
] Cognates: Old French cervoise, Provenal, Spanish cerveza; akin to Old Irish coi
rm, Welsh cwrw, Breton korev.
Charrua, Charruadas also Charraz, from Celtic *carros-

Coelho, Coelhos, Coelhoso also Coelha, Coelhas, from Irish coinn, Cornish con
yn, Manx coneeyn, Gaelic coineanach, Welsh cwningen, alternatively from Celtiber
ian *cun-icos 'little dog'[11]
Colmeia, from a Celtic form *kolmena 'made of straw',[12] from *kolmos 'stra
w', which gave Leonese cuelmo; cf. Welsh calaf "reed, stalk", Cornish kalav "str
aw", Breton kolo "stalk").
Correia, Corra from Gallo-Latin corrigia 'strap'; akin to Old Irish cuimrech
"fetter", Irish 'creasa' (belt, girdle), Scottish cuibhreach "bond, chain", 'cri
os' (belt), Welsh cyfrwy "saddle", Middle Welsh kyfreieu "leashes", Cornish kevr
enn "fastening, link", Breton kevre "link, bond"
Curral, from Celtic *korro 'corral, pen, corner'
Faia, Faial, from Latin loanword 'fagea', from proto-Celtic *bagos 'beech tr
ee'
Galante, Galhardo also Galharde, from Celtic *gal- force, via Gaulish *galia
Gara, Garo, Garcs also Garcez, from Celtic *crcia akin to Breton kerc'heiz, Corni
sh kerghydh 'egret'
Gouveia toponymic, via Gaulish *guvia <from Proto-Celtic *gulbLage, Lages, Laginha also Laginhas from the medieval form lagena, from proto
-Celtic *?lagena,[13] cognate of Old Irish lgan, ligean, Welsh llain 'broad spearh
ead, blade'; akin to Irish lighe 'mattock, spade'.
Lana also Lanas, from Gaulish *lancea- 'to launch, to throw (a spear)'
Lanes also Lande, Landes, Delannes and Delanes originally a French toponymic
(southwest) from Proto-Celtic *landa
Lapa, from Proto-Celtic *lappa, akin to Irish Gaelic lapa 'paw, flipper' and
Polish lapa 'paw, flipper, mutton fist'
Leira, Leiro also Leirio, Leirio, Leiro, Leiria, Leirosa from Proto-Celtic *?l
aryo 'floor'
Lousa, Louso, Loisa, Lousano, also Lousan, Lousada from Proto-Celtic *laws[14
]
Minhoca, from medieval form *milocca, from Proto-Celtic *mlo-,[7][15] akin to
Asturian milu, merucu 'earthworm', Irish mol 'worm, maggot', Welsh, Breton mil '
animal'
Raia also Raiano, from Celtic *rica- 'furrow, line'
Rego, also Rgo from proto-Celtic *?rika 'furrow, ditch',[16][17][18] akin to
Welsh rhych, Breton reg, Scottish/Irish riach 'trace left from something'; cogna
te of French raie, Occitan, Catalan rega, Basque erreka, Italian riga 'wrinkle'.
Rocha, also Rochas, Rochel from old Breton *roc'h, with Latin loanword rocca
'rock, stone'
Seara, also Seareiro, Senra, from medieval senara, a Celtic compound of *sen
i- 'apart, separated' (cf. Old Irish sain 'alone', Welsh han 'other') and *aro'ploughed field'.[19][20] (cf. Welsh r, Irish r 'ploughed field').
Saboga, from celtic *sabauca' or *sabolos, see also "svel"
Seabra, Celtiberian toponymic of sena-briga, of which *briga means 'castro/f
ortress'
Tojal, Tojeira, Tojo from Celtic *togi 'furze'
Tristo from Celtic *drest 'riot'
Truta, from Celtic *tructa- freshwater fish of the salmon family.[21] Cognat
e of French truite, English trout, Catalan truita, Spanish trucha, Italian trota
'.
Vassalo Latinised 'vassalum' from proto-Celtic *wasto-,[7][22] cognate of Fr
ench vassal, Spanish vasallo, Middle Irish foss 'servant', Welsh gwas 'servant;
lad', Breton gwaz
alauda [f] 'lark', Latin borrowing 'alauda' from Gaulish *alaio 'swan', cogn
ate of French alouette, Walloon alye, Provenal alauza, alauseta, Catalan alosa, al
ova, Spanish alondra, Italian allodola, lodola, Old Irish elu 'swan', Irish/Scot
tish eala 'swan'; with suffix, Welsh alarch 'lark', Breton alarc'h 'lark'.
lamo [m] 'elm tree', from Celtic *lemos 'elm', cognate of Asturian llamera, I
rish leamhn, Welsh llwyfen, Spanish lamo.

derivatives: alameda lane, avenue, alamedar to plant trees in a lane, avenue

amieiro [m] 'common alder', a derivative in -arium of *abona 'river', relate
d to Breton avon, Welsh afon, Irish abha/abhainn 'river'.
derivatives: amieiral alder woods, amieira young alder tree or hand-basket m
ade of alder or chestnut shoots
arpente also arpento 'arpent acre' Latin borrowing (old measurement) from Ga
ulish *arpen, cognate of French arpent, akin to Old Irish airchenn 'short mete,
bound (abuttal); end, extremity', Welsh arbenn 'chief'
abater [v] 'to knock down, to lower' from Vulgar Latin abbattuere to demolis
h, knock down, overthrow: from ad- + Latin battuere, see bater below. The d is a
ssimilated to the b in battuere from older Celtic.
abrolho 'sprout, thorn, thicket, rocky surfaces just under water, keys', fro
m Celtic *brogilos 'copse',.[23][24]
derivatives: abrolhar [v] 'to cover with thorns, to sprout (botanics), to ge
t covered in spots, blisters, to sprout', abrolhamento 'to fence smthg with thor
ns, cover with sprouts, to cause hardship', desabrolhar [v] 'to sprout, to bloom
, to blossom'.
abrunho/abrunheiro [m] 'sloe', from Vulgar Latin *apruneu, from Latin prunum
, under the influence of Celtic *agrinio;[7][25][26] akin to Irish irne, Welsh ei
rin 'plum'; cognate of Occitan agranhon, Provenal agreno, Catalan arany, Aragonese
araon.
albio [m] 'window-pane (nautical), skylight, from Proto-Celtic *?are-bow-yoakin to Old-Irish airbe 'covered, enclosed'.
ardsia [f] 'slate', from Proto-Celtic, probably via Gaulish *aritisia- origin
ally wall, mural interior, construction material
atol a muddy place, bog: from atolar "to dirty to soil," from a- + tol "mire
, muddy place" (possibly from a Celtic word represented in Old Irish toll "hole,
pit, grave") + the verbal infinitive suffix -ar.
derivatives: atoleiro[m], atoladoiro, atoladouro 'bog', atolado 'to get swam
ped, to get bogged down', atoladio 'place or person with the quality to get swamp
/get bogged down'
bacelo [m] 'young vine', from Celtic *baccos- 'young man, lad' akin to Gauli
sh and Breton bach[27]
derivatives: baceleiro[m] 'young vine nursery, man who specialises in planti
ng new vines', bacelar [v], abacelar [v] 'to plant and tender to new vines', aba
celamento 'the act of sorting out young vines (by variety)', bacharelato 'baccal
aureat, university degree', Latinised from *baccalaris- person of lower (militar
y) rank or young cadet,[27] bacharel 'same as baccalaureat, chatter-box, chatty
or witty person', bacharelar [v] 'to talk too much', bacharelice, bacharelismo '
habbit of chatting too much or for too long', barcelo 'white grape variety from
Northern Portugal'
bacia [f] 'basin', Latinised borrowing 'baccinum< baccia ('wine or water jug
'), from Gaulish *bacca- 'burden, load to bear' cognate of French bassin, Provena
l bach, bacha 'large vat', Amognard bassie 'sink', akin to Irish/Scots Gaelic bac
'hindrance, heed', Welsh baich 'load, burden', Cornish begh 'load, burden', Bre
ton bec'h 'burden, toil'.
derivatives: bacia-hidrogrfica, bacia-fluvial (geology) 'catchment basin, wat
ershed, catchment area', sub-bacia 'sub-catchment basin', bacio 'chamber-pot', b
aciada 'contents of a basin, pot'
balaia [f] also balaio 'small straw-basket' via Old French balain 'broom (pl
ant)', from Gaul *balatno, metathesis of *banatlo, cognate of Breton balannen, S
cots-Gaelic bealaidh, Irish beallaidh, Welsh banadl, Cornish banadhel, Asturian
balu
blano [m] 'barnacle, gland' from Gaulish *barenica 'limpet', akin to French b
alane and barnache, Irish birneach, Scots-Gaelic birneach, Welsh brennig, Cornish
brennik, Breton bernig, brennig
banzo [m] 'crossbar, beam, parapet, balustrade, nostalgia' from Proto-Celtic
*wankio-'beam'.
derivatives: banzeiro 'moving gently, wind gusts', banzear [v] 'to move gent
ly'

barco [m] 'boat, ship' from Proto-Celtic *barga-, loanward into Latin bargo,
'boat'.
barca [f] 'small seagoing vessel', from proto-Celtic *barga- 'boat', from Ol
d French 'barge', Old Provenal 'barca'.
derivatives: barcaa, bara, barcagem, barcada, 'barge, shallow boat with a sail
', 'freight', 'boatload'; from Gaulish *barge-, cognate old Provenal 'barca', Med
ieval Latin loanword from Celtic 'barga'. Maybe from Greek 'baris' "Egyptian boa
t," from Coptic 'bari' "small boat." Meaning "flat-bottomed freight boat" dates
from late 15c.
bardo [m] 'bard, poet' from Proto-Celtic *bardos- 'bard, poet' cognate of Fr
ench 'barde', Scottish Gaelic 'bard', Irish 'bard', Catalan 'bard'.
barra [f] 'garret, loft, upper platform', from proto-Celtic *barro-,[7][25]
cognate of Irish, Breton barr 'summit, peak, top', Welsh bar.
derivatives: barrote [m] 'wooden beam'
barrete [m] 'hood', from Proto-Celtic *birros- 'short coat with a hood'.
derivatives: barretada 'greeting someone with your hat', barrete-de-clrigo 'f
ortification or building work composed of three protruding angles and two sinkin
g ones', enfiar o barrete (popular expression) 'to mislead or deceive someone'.
barulho 'noise, confusion, turmoil' from Gaulish *bruge- 'to troat', akin to
French bruit, barouf, Welsh broch 'din, tumult', Breton bruchell 'roar, bellow'
, Scots-Gaelic broiglich 'noise', broighleadh 'turmoil'; Irish brcht 'belch'.
derivatives: barulhento 'noisy', barulhar [v] 'to confuse, to deceive', baru
lheira, barulhada 'disruptive noise, tumult, turmoil'
beio [m] 'snout, animal's mouth', from Proto-Celtic *beiccion- or *baykkyon"animal's mouth/snort", from *baiccio "to yell"; akin to Old Irish bccim, Irish bi
c yell, roar , Scottish beuc, Welsh beichio to low, sob , Cornish begi to bray , Breton b
egiad to bleat , Spanish bezo 'big lip'.
derivatives: gaita-de-beios 'harmonica, panpipe', beiola, beia, beiorra all to d
o with 'mouth', there are several popular expressions like: fazer beicinho 'pout
', 'pucker', or andar pelo beio 'to have a crush on someone', beiudo 'thick-lipped
, big-mouth person or animal'.
bero [m] 'craddle', from Gaulish *bertu 'I rock', Old French *berta 'load', c
ognate of French berceau, Provenal bress 'to rock', brs 'cradle', Irish beartaim 'I
rock', bert 'load, action'; further to Old Irish brith, breth 'carrying, judgmen
t', Middle Welsh bryd 'thought, mind, intent', Cornish brys 'thought'.
derivatives: berrio (hospital), new-born ward (hospital), 'nursey', berceiro (
colloquial) 'lazy man'.
bater [v] 'to hit, strike, win': from Latin battere, battuere, "to beat, str
ike," probably of older, Celtic origin.
batuta [f] 'an orchestra conductor's baton': from Italian battuta, from batt
ere, from Latin battere, battuerre, see bater above.
betume [m] 'putty', from Celtic *betu- derived from Indo-European *gwetu- wi
th the labialisation of 'gw' into 'b' typical of Celtic, which meant resin. The
Latin 'bitumen' (tar) is very likely borrowed from the older Celtic 'betu-'.
bezerro [m] 'year old veal', Uncertain: from Proto-Celtic *bicurru- or Iberi
an *ibicurri- or Latin *Ibex- "wild goat"
btula [f]'birch', from Gaulish *betuo-, derivation from *betu- 'woods, forest
', cognate of Gaelic 'beith', Cornish 'betho', Breton 'bezo, bedwen', Welsh 'bed
w, bedwen'.
bico [m] 'beak, kiss', from Proto-Celtic *bekko-,[7][8][9] cognate of Italia
n becco, French bec.
derivatives: bicar 'to kiss', debicar [v] '(bird)pecking'.
bilha,[28] [f] 'spigot; stick' to Proto-Celtic *beljo- 'tree, trunk',[29] ak
in to Old Irish bille 'large tree, tree trunk', Manx billey 'tree', Welsh pill '
stump', Breton pil; cognate of French bille 'log, chunk of wood'.
bode [m] 'billy-goat, male goat' from Proto-Celtic *bukko- akin to French bo
uc, loanword into Dutch bok
bodalho also godalho 'male goat, messy or careless person, loose woman', fro
m Celtic *ghaidos 'happiness, folly'
borba[28] [f] 'mud, slime, mucus', from proto-Celtic *borw-,[30] cognate of F

rench bourbe 'mud'; akin to Irish borb 'mud, slime', bearbh 'boiling', Welsh ber
w 'boiling', Breton berv 'broth, bubbling'.
borne [m] 'terminal, metal part of an electrical circuit that connects to an
external electrical circuit, inner bark of a tree, lukewarm' from Proto-Celtic
*botina 'troop'.,[31] akin to Old Irish buiden and Welsh byddin 'army' (*budina)
.
derivatives: bornear [v] 'to align an object with the view, generally closin
g one eye, to put a gun/weapon to aim, ie.: to aim a cannon'.
bosta [f], 'excrement from cows and any animal feces, dung, muck, colloquial
-derrogatory: someone who is a coward, nonsense, shit'.
derivatives: bostal [m] 'corral for cattle', bostar [v] 'to expell dung, to
say very unpleasant or sickening things', bostear [v], embostear [v], embostar [
v] 'to cover with dung or manure, to dirty something', bosteiro 'dung-beetle, la
mellicorn beetle'.
boua [f], toua [f], boia [f], toia [f] 'land with overgrown vegetation ie. gorse
, broom, heather', possibly from Proto-Celtic *baudea-, *baud- 'smear'
brao [m] 'arm'(anatomy), from proto-Celtic *brac- 'arm', loanword into Latin
'brachium' and Greek ?a???? 'brakhn'; cognate of French 'bras', Welsh 'braich', Bre
ton 'brec'h'.
derivatives: braa, braada, abrao, abraar [v]; 'tree-branch', 'breaststroke', 'hu
g,embrace', 'to embrace, to hug'. See further list of derived words:
antebrao [m] 'forearm'
antebraquial 'forearm'
avambrao 'forearm'
brao-curto
brao-de-armas
brao-de-ferro
brao-de-mono
brao-de-preguia
brao-forte
braquio
cana-de-brao
guarda-brao
quebra-de-brao
queda-de-brao
rebrao
violo-sem-brao
There are numerous other Portuguese expressions and colloquialisms deriv
ing from the word brao (arm)
braa 'treelimb, branch' Latin borrowing branca 'paw', from Gaulish *vranca- c
ognate of French branche, Breton brank, branc'h 'bough, antlers', Scots-Gaelic b
rc 'branch, antler; reindeer'
braga [f] '[Old] Hoop iron that held the fetter, male type of trouser, wall
that served as a fortification junk, type of naval crane to lift and move weight
s (ships), small four-string type of guitar'. From [Proto-Celtic] *braco-,[32] c
ognate of Galician, Spanish, Occitan braga, French braie, Italian brache.
derivatives: braguilha[28] [f] 'trouser-flier, braguinha [f] 'small guitar',
bragal [m] 'coarse fabric whose plot is cord, underclothes, old measurement for
land demarcation: Portion of a farm (7 or 8 poles) which served as the unit pri
ce in certain contracts, set of bucks and fetter', desbragar [v] 'to make dissol
ute, profligate, to drop your buckles', desbragado [m] 'riotous, foul-mouthed, i
ndecorous, libertine, dissolute, immoral', desbragadamente 'indecorously', desbr
agamento [m] 'riotous quality, ribaldry, impropriety (behaviour), Bracarense 're
lating to Braga, native of that city', brcaro 'a person native of Braga', bracama
rte 'old claymore sword which was swung with both hands'.
bravo [m] 'brave, daring, wild' from Gaulish *bragos 'show-off', akin to Fre
nch brave, Italian bravo 'bold', Occitan/Catalan brau 'wild', Irish bre, Scots ga
elic bragh, Cornish bray, Breton braga 'to strut around'.
derivatives: bravura [v], braveza [v] bravery, courage, desbravar [v] 'to pa
ve, to clear, to trace out', bravio 'untamed, ferocious, undomesticated, rude',

braviamente '(to behave) in a daring, brave, courageous way or manner'

brejo [m] 'marsh, marshland, moor' from Celtic *vroikos- akin to French 'bru
yre' (often used as Botanical name for Heather but also meaning marsh=marais), ol
d Gaulish 'brucus' (heather blossom), Breton 'brug' Welsh 'grug', Irish and Scot
tish Gaelic 'fraoch', Galician 'breixo', Occitan 'bruga'.
derivatives: bregiais, bregieira, bregieiros, bregio, breja, brejo, brejeira,
brejenjas, brejinho, brejioso, brejoeira, brejes, brejos all relating to 'marsh,
marshlands, moors', and also brejeiro, brejeirice, brejeirar [v], 'meaning naug
hty person, slightly saucy or cocky talk or behaviour'.
brenha [f] 'thick bush' from Celtic *brigna- hill.
derivatives: embrenhar [v] 'to go deep into a bush or forest, figurative: to
go deep in thought', embrenhado 'someone who is lost in a deep forest or in tho
ught, concentrating on smthg'.
brio[28] [m] 'pride, courage, might, power', from Italian brio, from Catalan
/Old Occitan briu 'wild', from Celtic *brigos,[7] cognate of Occitan briu, Old F
rench brif 'finesse, style'; akin to Old Irish brg 'power', Welsh bri 'prestige,
authority', Breton bri 'respect'.
derivatives: brioso 'proud, brave, exuberant', briosamente 'proudly, with di
gnity', desbrio 'lacking pride or courage, a cowardly act', desbrioso 'someone w
ho acts without pride, a coward, a whimp'
brita [f] 'grit, stone, gravel' from Proto-Celtic *brigos 'strength', akin t
o Old Irish brg 'force, power, value, Scots-Gaelic brgh 'strength', Welsh bri 'hon
our, esteem'.
derivatives: britar [v] 'to grit, to crush', britadeira 'stone-breaker, trim
mer, crusher (machinery)', britamento 'act of crushing, grinding', britador 'per
son who crushes stone, crusher, trimmer, stamp'
Britnico [m], from Latin loanword britannicus, from Britannia; akin to Welsh
pryd "form", Irish cruth'
broche [m], 'brooch', clasp, clip, fastener: from Old French broche "a spit,
" from Vulgar Latin (*)brocca "a nail, spike," from Latin broccus, brocchus "a n
ail, projecting (adj.), buck-toothed (adj.)" loanword from Celtic (*)brokko- "a
pin, badger."
broca 'drill, skewer, skew-diver, sharp pointed object' from Gaulish *brocca
, akin to French broche 'drill, skewer' Scots-Gaelic brog 'awl; to prod', Welsh
procio 'to poke, thrust', Irish broc, Welsh broch, Breton broc'h, Asturian bruec
u.
derivatives: brocar [v] also broquear [v] 'to drill, to sever', brocante 'wi
th a drilling quality'
brcolos or brcolis [m] 'broccoli'
bruxa [f] 'witch, sorcerer'.
Derivatives:bruxaria, bruxedo 'witchcraft, sorcery', bruxulear[v] ,'flicker,
shimmer'(of light)'a luz bruxuleia= the light shimmers', bruxo 'clairvoyant'
bunda [f] 'bottom, bum (colloquial)' from Gaulish. bunda 'base, bottom', cog
nate of French bonde, Old Irish bunud, Scots-Gaelic bonn 'foundation', Welsh bon
edd 'base, foundation'
cabana [f] 'hut' Proto-Celtic *cabderivatives: cabine, cabina cabin, gabinete office, telecabine cable-car, pe
ssoal de cabine cabin-crew.
cadeira [f] 'chair' often claimed as Latin cathedra loanword from Greek ?a??
d?a 'cathedral'; is however very likely from Proto-Celtic *cathair- 'chair, seat
', akin to Welsh cadair Cornish kador, Breton kador, Irish cathaoir, Scottish Ga
elic cathair, Manx caair.
derivatives: cadeira-de-braos 'armchair', cadeira-de-rodas 'wheelchair', cade
ira de escritrio 'office-chair', cadeiro 'sofa'
cais [m] 'quay, jetty', maybe from French (itself from Norman) quai, from pr
oto-Celtic *kag-yo-,[7][33][34] akin to Welsh cae, Cornish ke, Breton kae 'hedge
'; French chai 'cellar'.
calhau[m] 'pebble, stone', from Celtic *caliavo- cognate of French caillou,
Piccardie caillau, Poitou chail, Provenal calado, Asturian cayuela, Welsh caill,
Cornish kell, Breton kell, kall, Irish caull 'testicle'.

derivatives: calhoada 'cairn'

camba[28] [f] 'wheel rim' from proto-Celtic *kambo-,[7][15][35] cognate of O
ld Irish camm 'crooked, bent, curved'. Cognate of Occitan cambeta 'part of ploug
h', Limousin Occitan chambija (< *cambica) 'part of plough'.
derivatives: cambada, cambeira 'coil; crooked log for hanging fish', cambela
'type of plough', cambota 'beam', encambar [v] 'to string, to entangle', cambo
'pole, bent'
cmbio 'foreign exchange, Forex' Latin borrowing from Gaulish *cambion 'exchan
ge', cognate of French (bureau de) change, Breton kemm 'exchange', Old Irish cim
b 'ransom' Spanish/Italian cambio, Asturian cambu 'exchange'.
derivatives: cambiar [v] 'to exchange currencies', cambista 'Foreign Exchang
e agent or trader', cambiante 'changing, or (chameleons and other animals) with
the ability to change colours'
caminho[28] [m] 'pathway', from Vulgar Latin *camminus, from proto-Celtic *k
anxsman-,[7][36] cognate of Italian cammino, French chemin, Spanish camino, Cata
lan cam, Occitan camin ; akin to Old Irish cimm, Breton cam 'step'.
derivatives: caminhar 'to walk', caminhada 'walk, journey', caminhante, cami
nheiro 'hiker, walker, someone who loves to walk, pilgrim', caminheira 'sort of
locomotive used in road transportation', caminhvel 'area or place adept/safe to w
alk'
camisa[28] [f] 'shirt' from Latin, from Gaulish camisia.[37] cognate of Span
ish/Occitan camisa, Italian camicia, French chainse.
derivatives: camisola 'jersey', camiseta 'undershirt, singlet', camisa-de-do
rmir 'nightgown', camisa-de-Venus or camisinha 'condom' (colloquial)
camura 'chamois, suede, fawn' Latinised 'camox' from Celtic *kamoke, akin to
French 'chamois'
derivatives: acamurado, camurado 'made of suede, suede-like', acamurar [v], encamura
r [v] 'to cover with leather, to die or treat leather making it look like suede'
, camurcina 'suedette' (fabric)
canap 'Canap' from Latin 'canapeum' mosquito net, from Old French *conop- 'smal
l-size open sandwich'
canastra [f] 'basket, large basket' from Old French 'banaste', from Celtic *
benna- 'straw-basket'.
derivatives: canastrada 'basket load, contents in a basket', canastro 'big ba
sket, pejorative for bad acting or public performance', canastreiro 'someone who
makes straw baskets as a trade, canastrel 'small basket with a handle and cover
', canastrice 'poor performance or show'.
canga[28] [f] 'collar, yoke', from Celtic *kambika.[38]
cangalha [f] 'shoulder yoke', from Celtic *kambika.[38]
canto [m] 'rim, corner', from proto-Celtic *kanto-,[25] akin to Old Irish ct
'round stone pillar, Welsh cant 'tire rim', Breton kant 'disk'; cognate of Old F
rench chant, Occitan cant.
derivatives: cantoneiro 'road worker', cantonar[v] 'railway traffic control'
, recanto 'corner', cantinho 'small corner', Canto, Cantonal 'Swiss Canton, relat
ing to Canton's legal affairs or government, acantoar[v] or acantonar 'to hide,
to isolate', canteiro 'vegetable plot, flowerbed, border', acanteirar[v], encant
eirar 'to place/arrange in pods'(gardening, bottles, etc.), encanteirado 'in a p
od', cantonado 'engraved corner (heraldry)'.
carro [m] 'cart, wagon', from Vulgar Latin carrum, from proto-Celtic *karro,[7][15][39] cognate of Rumanian car, Italian carro, French char, Provenal car, S
panish carro; akin to Irish carr, Welsh car, Breton karr.
derivatives: carroa 'cart', carregar 'to load', carroaria 'bodywork' (vehicle)
, carruagem 'carriage', carreto 'load', carrinha 'van', carro-de-mo 'wheelbarrow'
, carrossel 'carousel'.
carvalho [m] 'common oak' from *cassicos, from Celtic *cassos 'curly, twiste
d',[19] akin to Irish cas 'twist, turn, spin', Old Welsh cascord 'to twist'; cog
nate of Asturian caxigu, Aragonese caixico, Gascon casse, French chne 'oak' (< *c
assanos).

derivatives: carvalhal 'oak woods', carvalha, carvalheira, carvalheiro, carv

alhia, carvalhinha all related to different oak-tree sizes
caixigo [m] 'oak; Portuguese oak', from *cassicos, from Celtic *cassos 'curl
y, twisted',[40][41] akin to Irish cas 'twist, turn, spin', Old Welsh cascord 't
o twist'; cognate of Asturian caxigu, Aragonese caixico, Gascon casse, French chn
e 'oak' (< *cassanos).
carpinteiro [m] 'carpenter', from Proto-Celtic *carbanto- '(wooden) chariot,
wooden box'.
derivatives: carpintaria 'carpentry', carpintar[v] and carpintejar[v] 'to do
wood-works', carpinteiragem 'carpentry works'.
cerveja[28] [f] 'beer', from Vulgar Latin *cerevisia, from Gaulish[42] Cogna
tes: Old French cervoise, Provenal, Spanish cerveza; akin to Old Irish coirm, Wel
sh cwrw, Breton korev.
derivatives: cervejaria[f] 'brewery, brasserie, beer hall', cervejeiro 'brew
er'
charrua [f] 'plow', from Celtic *carros- car, with Latin borrowing carruca.
derivatives: charruar[v] 'to plow', charrueco 'a rough plowing machine'
cheda[f] 'lateral external board of a cart, where the crossbars are affixed'
, via Medieval Latin cleta, from proto-Celtic *kleta-,[7][25][28][43] cognate of
Irish clo (cloidhe) 'fence', clath 'palisade, hurdle', Welsh clwyd 'barrier, watt
le, scaffolding, gate', Cornish kloos 'fence', Breton kloued 'barrier, fence'; c
ognate of French claie 'rack, wattle fencing', Occitan cleda, Catalan cleda 'liv
estock pen', Basque gereta.
choco [m] 'cowbell; squid', from proto-Celtic *klokko-,[7][25][44] akin to O
ld Irish clocc, Welsh cloch, Breton kloc'h; cognate of Asturian llueca and llcara
'cowbell', French cloche 'bell', German Glock.
derivatives: chocar 'to bang, to shock', chocalho 'cowbell'.
cl [m] 'clan', from Gaelic *clann- from Old Irish 'cland' meaning children or
family.
coelho [m] 'rabbit', likely from Celtiberian *cun-icos 'little dog'[11] akin
to Irish coinn, Cornish conyn, Manx coneeyn, Gaelic coineanach, Galician coello,
Welsh cwningen, Catalan conill, Danish/Swedish/Norwegian kanin, Dutch konijn, F
innish kani, Frisian knyn, German Kanninchen, Icelandic kanna, Italian coniglio,
Romansh cunigl, Spanish conejo, Veneto conjo.
derivatives: coelheira 'rabbit hutch', coelheiro '(dog) good at hunting rabb
its', rabicoelha(ornithology) also rabiscoelha 'corncrake, spotted crake', coelh
inha 'bunny'
colmeia[28] [m] 'beehive', from a Celtic form *kolmena 'made of straw',[45]
from *kolmos 'straw', which gave Leonese cuelmo; cf. Welsh calaf "reed, stalk",
Cornish kalav "straw", Breton kolo "stalk").
derivatives: colmeeiro 'hiver', colmeal 'beekeeping space, area'
comba [f] 'valley, inflexion', from proto-Celtic *kumba,[7][25][46] cognate
of North Italian comba, French combe, Occitan comba; akin to Irish com, Welsh cw
m 'hollow (land form)', Cornish komm 'small valley, dingle', Breton komm 'small
valley, deep water'.
combo [m] (adj.) 'curved, bent', from Celtic *kumbo-,[7][25][47] cognate of
Provenal comb, Spanish combo.
derivatives: combar 'to bend'.
cmoro [m] also combro 'mound, hillock, limit of a patch or field, usually lef
t intentionally unploughed', from proto-Celtic *kom-?are-(yo)-,[7] cognate of Ol
d Irish comair 'in front of', Welsh cyfair 'direction, place, spot, acre'. Or ei
ther to *kom-boros 'brought together'.[48]
derivatives: acomarar 'to mark out a field (literally to dote with cmoros)'.
correia 'belt, girdle', Latinised Gaulish *corrigia- "strap"; akin to Old Ir
ish cuimrech "fetter", Irish creasa 'belt' , Scottish Gaelic crios, cuibhreach "
bond, chain", Welsh cyfrwy "saddle", Middle Welsh kyfreieu "leashes", Cornish ke
vrenn "fastening, link", Breton kevre "link, bond".
derivatives: desencorrear [v] 'to unstrap, to unbridle (a horse)', encorread
ura 'old leather armour', correada 'strike from a belt'
creme [m] 'cream' from French 'crme', in itself a combination of Latin 'chris

ma' and Gaulish *kram- 'crust'.

derivatives: cremoso 'creamy', leite-crme 'one of several popular Portuguese
desserts, similar to custard', creme de barbear 'shaving cream', creme de leite
'milk fat, cream', creme de pasteleiro 'cream pastry', cremosidade 'creaminess',
cremosamente[adv] 'rich in cream'.
crica [f] 'colloquial for vulva, female genitalia' from Proto-Celtic *krik?a
- akin to Old Irish crch 'juice', Welsh crib 'chrest', Breton krib 'bent, folded'
.
croca [f] 'plough-shaft' from Proto-Celtic *krowka- akin to Provenal crauc 'h
eap, pile', Occitan cruca 'cape'; Irish cruach 'pile, haystack', Welsh crug 'hea
p, tomb' and Breton krug 'heap, tomb'
curral [m] 'corral, pen; corner', from Celtic *korro-,[7] akin to Middle Iri
sh cor 'circle, turn', corrn 'sickle', Welsh cor 'enclosure', Cornish kor 'turn,
veering'.
dlmen [m] ', from Gaulish/Breton *taol maen- 'table-shapped stone'
dorna [f] 'a type of boat; trough, measurement (volume)',[49] from proto-Cel
tic *durno- 'fist',[50] Irish dorn fish, Breton dorn 'hand'; Akin to Old French,
Occitan dorn, 'a handful'.[51] Nevertheless, the Asturian duerna 'bowl' demand
a form **dorno-.
duna [f] 'dune', from Gaulish *duno or *dunum
embaixada [f] 'embassy', from Provenal ambaissada, from ambaissa 'service, du
ty', from proto-Celtic *ambactos 'servant',[52] akin to Welsh amaeth 'farm', Cor
nish ammeth 'farming', Old Breton ambaith.
derivatives: embaixador [m] 'ambassador', embaixatriz 'madam-ambassador'
embarao [m] 'embarrassment, shame'; likely a combination of Celtic *- a noose
, or rope combined with the prefix em- (from Latin im- for "in-") with.
derivatives: [v] embaraar, embaraado 'to embarrass or cause shame to someone',
'embarrassed'. desembaraado 'someone who is expedite, diligent', desembaraar [v]
'to get rid of, to untangle', desembarao 'resourcefulness', embaraante, embaraoso '
embarrassing, shameful, vexing', embaraosamente 'in a pickle'.
engo [m] 'dwarf elder, loniceraceous plant similar to the elder'
enga [f] 'grassland, pasture'
escombros 'rubble, ruins, debris' via Latinised combrus 'barricade of felled
trees' from Gaulish combero 'river fork, dam', cognate of Spanish escombro, Fre
nch dcombres akin to Breton kember, Welsh cymmer, Irish comar, cumar
estanho[m] 'tin, pewter' Latinised stagnum, var. stannum, from Gaulish *stan
non (according to Pliny), cognate of French tain, Spanish estao, Mantuan stajgn 'h
ard', Irish stn, Old Scots-Gaelic stn, Welsh ystaen, Cornish sten, Breton stean.
derivatives: estanhar [v] (chemistry Sn), 'to tin (a surface/material)', estn
ico 'made of tin, pewter, relating to tin, acid or salts resulted from tin and s
ome salts high on metal contents', estanato (chemistry) 'salt from tin acid'
faia [f] 'beech tree' from proto-Celtic *bagos- from Latin loanword 'fagea',
cognate of Irish 'fe', Welsh 'ffawydd', Italian 'faggio', Spanish 'haya'.
derivatives: faial, faiado, faiar [v], desfaiar [v]; 'beechwood', 'loft', 't
o insert, intercalate', 'to fall (down a rocky cliff)'
flanela [f] 'flannel' from Brittonic or proto-Celtic *u?lan-ello-s, meaning
"little woollen thing", via Gaulish vlana 'wool', cognate of French flanelle, Je
rsian fliann 'flannel', Mantuan flanla 'flannel' Welsh gwln 'wool', gwlanen 'flanne
l', Cornish gwlan, Breton gloan, Irish olann .
derivatives: flanelgrafo [m] 'coated frame or table normally done with velcro
', flanelinha [f] (colloquial) 'parking attendant'.
fronha [f] '(ugly) face, pillow-case', from Celtic *srogna- 'nose, nostril'.
derivatives: porta-fronha 'main front-door of a house', enfronhar [v] 'to co
ver a pillow with a case, to disguise or mislead, to educate or inform', desenfr
onhar [v] 'to remove a pillow-case, to undress, to speak up', afronhado 'in the
shape of a pillowcase'
gabela [f] 'handful, faggot', from Proto-Celtic *gabala or *gabagla-,[53][54
][55] cognate of French javelle, Provenal gavela, Spanish gavilla; akin to Old Co
rnish gavael 'catch, capture', Irish gabhil 'get, take, grab, capture', gabhal 'f
ork'.

gafa [f] 'hook, grip' from Proto-Celtic *gabala 'hold, grab' akin to Cornish
gavel, Old Breton gabael, Old Irish gabl, verbal noun of *gabi- ( to take, hold ) (c
ompare Old Irish gaibid), from Proto-Indo-European *g?h1b?derivatives: gafanhoto [m] 'grasshopper'
gancho [m] 'hook, hairpin' from Celtic *ganskio or *gansco 'branch', akin to
Old Irish gesca, French jachre, Spanish gancho.
derivatives: ganchar, enganchar [v] 'to hook smthg, to grab/hang/hold with a
hook', desenganchar 'to unhook, to free (from hook)', gancheado 'hook shaped'
galo [m] 'galon (liquid measure), braid, stripe, galloon, Portuguese traditio
nal caffe-latte drink from Gaulish *glavo 'rain', akin to Welsh glaw 'rain', Bre
ton glao, Cornish glaw, Catalan galleda 'bucket'
galga [f] 'plain stone', from *gallika, to Proto-Celtic *gallos 'stone',[25]
akin to Irish gall, French galet 'gravel' gallete 'plain cake'.
derivatives: galgar [v] 'carving a stone to make it plain and regular'.
galgo [m] 'greyhound dog' from Latin loanword 'gallcus'(Gaulish, from Gaul);
from Old French *Gaule- or *Waulle- ( Gaul ), from Frankish *Walholant- 'Gaul, Land
of the Romans, foreigners', from Frankish *Walha- 'foreigners, Romans, Celts'.
galhardo [m] 'gallant, distinguished man', from Celtic *gal- force, via Gaul
ish *galia- combined with Latin suffix 'art' or 'ard'.
derivatives: galhardete, galardo 'award' galardoar [v] 'to award, to recognis
e someone officially'; gal, galanteio, galante, galanteador 'gallant, charming, f
lattery, innuendo, flirtatious, seducer'; galhardear 'to show off, to be ostenta
tious', galhardia 'elegance, grandeur, generosity', Gala 'Gala, ceremony'.
galocha [f] 'Wellington boots', from French 'galoche', from Gaulish *gallos
+ -oche 'hard-sole shoes' also known by the Romans as gallica 'Gaulish shoes'.
gara [f] 'egret', (often mistaken with Latin ardea-) from Celtiberian *crciaakin to Breton kerc'heiz, Cornish kerghydh, Spanish garza.
derivatives: garo 'colour: greenish-blue, greenish', garo 'large heron', also (
rare) from French garon 'waiter', gara-real 'Heron', gara-ribeirinha 'grey-heron',
gara-boieira 'white-egret'.
garrote [m] 'quadruped animal shoulders, torture instrument which causes ble
eding' from Proto-Celtic *garra- 'leg' and diminutive *garrito- 'small leg'.
garra [f] '(animal)claw, grip' also meaning 'bravery,courage,strength' from
proto-Celtic *garra- 'leg' same as above.
derivatives: agarrar [v] 'to grab, to hold, to catch', garrar [v] 'to drift,
to float (nautical), to split, to cut a suture (medical)', desgarrar [v] 'to ta
ke off course (nautic), to escape, to go off course, to be erratic', desgarre 'c
ockiness, audacity', desgarrado 'daring, erratic, audacious, extrovert, perverse
', Desgarrada 'Portuguese popular song involving several singers who dare one an
other by improvising the verses. Probably a Provenal-Occitan influence originally
, Garrano 'Garrano wild horse-breed'
gato [m] 'cat' from Latin loanword 'cattus' from Gaulish 'cattos' from Proto
-Celtic *cath- cognate of French 'chat', English 'cat', Italian 'gatto', German
'Katze', Welsh 'cath', Irish 'cat', Catalan 'gat', Spanish 'gato', Greek '??ta'.
derivatives: gatinhar [v],gatinha, to crawl (baby-crawl), 'pussycat, attract
ive female', several expressions/idioms like: aqui h gato, trocar gato por lebre
'English equivalent to 'I smell a rat', 'to rip someone off'.
gilbardeira also gilbarbeira[f] 'myrtle, bog myrtle' *possibly from Proto-Ce
ltic *raddi- see Middle-Irish 'raidleog', Irish Gaelic 'raideog' Manx 'roddagagh
'
goiva [f] 'gouge, chisel, grooving plane, also a deep, narrow stream' from P
roto-Celtic 'gulbia' or 'guvia' from *gulb- 'beak', akin to French gouge, Italia
n gubba, Spanish guba, Old Irish 'gulba' Irish gealbhn (bird) and Welsh gylyf 'si
ckle' and gylf 'hilltop'.
derivatives: goivar[v] 'to groove (with a plane), to hurt someone', goivadur
a 'cut, cavity made with a grooving plane', goiveira 'Dame's violet plant', goiv
o 'dame's violet (flower)'
gorar [v] 'sickness, rotting of an egg (hatching), to get confused (thought)
', from Proto-Celtic *g?or-,[56][57] akin to Old Irish guirid, Welsh and Cornish
gori 'to hatch (eggs)' and Breton gori.

derivatives: goro 'unfertilized egg, failure, misfortune', gorado 'an egg wh

ich didn't hatch, a failed situation or unfortunate person'.
gravilha [f] 'gravel, grit' Celtic *graua- akin to Old French 'gravier'.
derivatives: greve (via French 'grve') 'strike (workers' union)', greve-geral
'general strike', grevista 'someone who strikes or leads a strike movement', gr
eve de fome 'hunger strike'.
jante [f] 'wheel rim', Latinised borrowing 'canthus' < Gaulish *cantos, cogn
ate of French jante, Breton kant 'ring', Welsh cant 'felloe, rim', Irish ctal, Sc
ots-Gaelic can, Piccardie gante, Occitan cant
lanar [v] 'to launch, to throw' Latinised borrowing 'lancea' from Gaulish *la
nkia, akin to Mantuan lansa 'lance' and lansr 'lancer', Mid-Irish do-licim 'I toss
, fling, launch', Italian 'lancia', Spanish 'lanza'. Probably initially loanword
into Latin 'plaga' from Indo-european or Old Germanic *plak-. The loss of the o
riginal /pl into /l is common in the old Celtic languages.
derivatives: lana 'spear', lano 'small trap', lanceolado 'lanceolate', lanament
o 'launch', lanada 'a spear-strike'
landa [f], lande [f] 'uncultivated or sandy plot' from Proto-Celtic *landa,[
15][29][58] akin to Old Irish lann 'land, church', Welsh lann 'church lands', Fr
ench lande 'sandy plot', Provenal and Catalan landa.
lapa [f] 'grotto, den, limpet, lighting, slap, bee' from Proto-Celtic *lappa
, akin to Irish Gaelic lapa 'paw, flipper', Polish lapa 'paw, flipper, mutton fi
st'
derivatives: lapinha 'small grotto, rock shelter', lapeira 'rectangular knif
e for collecting limpets and other sea molluscs', lapo 'person with no manners, p
easant, rude, gluton'
lage[28][59] [f] 'stone slab', from the medieval form lagena, from proto-Cel
tic *?lagena,[13] cognate of Old Irish lgan, ligean, Welsh llain 'broad spearhead,
blade'; akin to Irish lighe 'mattock, spade'.
lavego [m], lavega [f], labego [m] 'plough', from Proto-Celtic *?law-aiko/?l
awo-, akin to Lombard plovum', German 'Pflug' and English 'plough'.
lgua[60] [f] 'league', to Proto-Celtic *leuka, cognate of French lieue, Spani
sh legua; akin to Old Irish le (genitive lag) 'stone', Irish lia
leira [f] 'plot, delimited and levelled field', from the medieval form laria
, from proto-Celtic *?lar-yo-,[7][61] akin to Old Irish lr 'ground, floor', Breto
n leur 'ground', Welsh llawr 'floor'.
derivatives: leiro 'small, ou unleveled, plot', leirar 'land working', leiro
to, leiria 'place of small plots, allotments'.
limo [m] 'silt, mudwort', from Celtic *leim- 'mud', cognate of French limon
lisonja [f] 'flattery', from Gaulish *lausinga- cognate of old French loseng
e, Provenal lauzenja 'lie'.
derivatives: lisonjear 'to flatter, lisongeio alternative spelling of 'flatt
ery' , lisonjeado 'flattered
lousa also loisa[28] [f] 'flagstone', 'trap', from Proto-Celtic *laws-,[29]
cognate of Provenal lausa, Spanish losa, French losenge 'diamond'.
derivatives: enlousar 'to cover with flagstones', lousado 'roof', louso 'larg
e flagstone', louseiro or loiseiro' 'stone-mason', enlousar [v]'to cover with st
ones, to make a stone wall, to trap, to trick or fool someone'
lota 'fish auction', Latinised borrowing 'lota' < Gaulish *lotta 'flat fish'
[62] akin to French lotte, Old Irish lethaid 'he extends, expands', Welsh lledu,
llydan 'flounders' Cornish leyth 'flounder, flat-fish'
manto 'cloack, cover, veil, cape' Latinised borrowing 'mantum, mantellum' fr
om Gaulish *mantlon- 'covering, akin to French manteau, Basque mantar 'shirt, ba
rque tarpaulin', Mantuan mantl 'coat', Spanish mantilla, Breton malan, manal, Cor
nish manal 'sheaf'.
derivatives: manta 'mantle, coverlet, blanket', manta-de-retalhos 'patchwork
blanket or quilt', manta-morta (ecology) 'biomass', Manta [f] 'sparrow-hawk end
emic to Madeira' (ornithology), mantear 'to toss a cape, to hoe the soil (a smal
l garden or plot) in lines
marga 'marl' Latinised borrowing 'margila' ("argilla" white clay) from Gauli
sh *marga- akin to French marne, Spanish/Asturian marga, Lyonese margagni 'deep

mud, muck', Breton marg, German Mergel

menir [m] or menhir [m], 'menhir', megalithic stone structures prolific in A
tlantic Europe. From Breton men 'stone' and hir 'long' cognate of Gaelic 'maen h
ir'
menino [m], menina [f] 'kid, child, baby', from medieval mennino, from proto
-Celtic *menno-,[7] akin to Old Irish menn 'kid (goat)', Irish meannn, Welsh myn,
Breton menn.
derivatives: meninice or meninez 'childhood, infancy, childishness', meninot
e 'nipper', [m].
minhoca [f] 'earthworm', from medieval *milocca, from Proto-Celtic *mlo-,[7][
15] akin to Asturian milu, merucu 'earthworm', Irish mol 'worm, maggot', Welsh, B
reton mil 'animal'.
Derivative: minhoquice 'unfounded suspicions, brooding on smthg unimportant'
olga [f], 'small farming land, plain between hills', from Proto-Celtic *?olk
a,[63][64][65] cognate of French ouche and Provenal olca.
pea [f] 'piece', from Vulgar Latin *pettia, from Gaulish petsi, from proto-Ce
ltic *k?ezdi,[7][66][67] cognate of Italian pezza, French pice, Spanish pieza; ak
in to Old Irish cuit (Irish cuid) 'piece, share, part', Welsh peth 'thing', Bret
on pez.
pendo [m] 'cliff, boulder'
pisco [m] 'robin, twinkle, blink' from Celtic, likely Gaulish *pincio- cogna
te of Welsh pinc, Breton pint, French pinson, Tuscan pincine.
derivatives: piscar[v] 'to twinkle, to blink', colloquial expression 'num pi
scar de olhos= in the blink of an eye', pisca 'small grain, cigaret but, spark',
pisca-pisca 'warning-light, parking-light (vehicles)', piscadela (de olho) '(ey
e) twinkle' (often implying naughtiness)
raia [f] 'ray, line, streak, trail, groove, ray-fish' from Celtic *rica- 'fu
rrow', line on a field (agriculture) created by a plow.
derivatives: raiar[v] 'to shine (in rays of light), to rise', raio 'ray, thu
nderbolt, radius, thin and long metal piece', raiado 'with (shiny)lines, streaks
'.
rego [m], 'furrow, ditch', from proto-Celtic *?rika,[16][17][18] akin to Wel
sh rhych, Breton reg, Scottish/Irish riach 'trace left from something'; cognate
of French raie, Occitan, Catalan rega, Basque erreka, Italian riga 'wrinkle'.
derivatives: regueira 'small water canal', regato 'stream, gully, glen', reg
atear [v] 'to haggle, to bargain', regateio 'quibble', regatevel 'arguable (price
)', regateiro 'person who haggles, presumptuous'
rocha [f] 'rock' from old Breton *roc'h- 'rock, stone' with Latin borrowing
rocca.
derivatives: rochedo 'big rock', rochoso 'rocky area', barronco, barranco, b
arroca 'cliff, ravine, pit, hole on the ground', barrocal '(geology) area with p
its ie. clay pits or holes', barroco 'large pit'
rodovalho [m], 'hefty, short man (with a beard), 'pleuronectidae type of fis
h (round and flat in shape)' from Celtic *roto-ball-jo- [28] [m], da forma compo
sta celta *roto-ball-jo-,[68] meaning 'round edges', akin to Irish roth 'wheel',
Welsh rhod, and Breton rod combined with Irish ball 'member, organ'.
saiote[69] [m] 'peticoat, under-skirt' and saia [f] 'skirt', from the mediev
al form sagia, from an ancient Celtic form from which also Latin sagum 'robe'.[7
0]
svel [m] 'shad (fish)', from proto-Celtic *sabalos-, akin to Old Irish sam 's
ummer'.
derivatives: savelha [fm] and alternative saboga 'Yellowtail', smaller fish
of the same 'Alosa' family
seara [f] also senra(archaic), sown field recently broken up, but which is l
eft fallow', from a medieval form senara, a Celtic compound of *seni- 'apart, se
parated' (cf. Old Irish sain 'alone', Welsh han 'other') and *aro- 'ploughed fie
ld'.[71] (cf. Welsh r, Irish r 'ploughed field').
derivatives: seareiro 'cereals farmer, small farmer'
seira 'traditional long and narrow esparto-grass or straw-basket used to tra
nsport or keep food (picnics), fruit or nuts *uncertain, probably from the same

root as Gaelic seid 'truss of straw, grass, bedspread on the floor'.

derivatives: seiro 'large "seira" basket', enseirar [v] 'to pack in a straw b
asket (usually fruit ie. figs, olives), enseiramento 'act of packing or keeping
into straw baskets.
tanoeiro [m] cooper from Celtic *tonn- loanword into Latin tunna, cognate of
French tonnelier, Spanish tonelero.
derivatives: tanoaria, tanoar [v], tonel tannery, cooperage, to do cooperage
work, wine or beer barrel
tasca [f] and tasquinha [m], 'swingle', related to Galatian tasks 'peg, stake
'.[72]
tona [f] 'skin, bark, scum of milk, surface of any liquid', from proto-Celti
c *tonda,[7][73][74] cognate of Old Irish tonn, Welsh tonn.
derivatives: toneira 'pot for obtaining butter from the milk', tonel 'wine b
arrel'.
tojo [m], 'gorse, furze (Ulex europaeus)', from Celtic *togi-,[75] akin to S
panish/Gascon toja, French dialectal tuie.
derivatives: fura-tojos 'marten'; tojal, tojeira 'place with tojos'.
toucinho [m], also toicinho 'bacon, lard, pork rash' via Latin 'tuccinum (la
rdum)', from Celtic tucca 'buttery juice'.[76]
derivatives: toucinheiro, toicinheiro 'lard seller, butcher', toucinho-do-cu
'Portuguese regional sweet made with almonds and egg yolk'
trado [m] 'auger', from Proto-Celtic *taratro-,[7][25][77] cognate of Irish
tarathar, Welsh taradr, Breton tarar, Occitan taraire, Catalan taradre, Spanish
taladro, French tarire, Romansch tarader.
derivatives: tradar, tradear 'to drill'.
tranca [f], tranco [m] 'beam, pole', from proto-Celtic *taranka,[78][79] cog
nate of Spanish tranca 'club, cudgel', French taranche 'screw bar, ratchet (wine
press)', Provenal tarenco; akin to OIr tairinge 'iron nail, tine', Ir tairne 'me
tal nail, Sc tairnge 'nail'.
derivatives: trancar[v] 'to close, lock or block', destrancar [v] 'to open,
unlock or unblock smthg. or someone', trancada 'to hit someone or smthg. with a
bat', trancaria 'pile of wood logs', destrancador 'opener'
trapo ' Latinised borrowing from Gaulish *drappo 'shred, torn-off piece', co
gnate of French drap, Spanish/Italian trapo, Welsh drab 'piece, shred', drabio '
to tear into pieces'.
derivatives: trapeira 'trap, shabby woman, dorner window, skipper's post (na
utical)', entrapar [v] 'to wrap, cover or bandage (ie. an injury) poorly'
trevo [m] 'clover', from Proto-Celtic *trebno- farm house, homestead, akin t
o Irish treb, Cornish tre, Welsh tref, Asturian trubanu, French trfle, Spanish trbo
l and Catalan trvol.
trincar [v] 'to bite, to snap', uncertain from Gaulish *trincare- to cut (th
e head), also possible Latin loanword *trinicare- (cut into three pieces) cognat
e of old Provenal trencar, Catalan trencar, French trancher.
derivatives: tranche 'slice', retrincar, retrinco 'to chew, to cut into smal
ler pieces', 'patch of a bigger piece', trinco [m] 'latch' (door, window, gate),
from Gaulish, possibly from Proto-Celtic *trenco- 'small piece',
truta [f] 'trout', from Celtic *tructa- freshwater fish of the salmon family
.[21] Cognate of French truite, English trout, Catalan truita, Spanish trucha, I
talian trota'.
truo 'tramp, fool, beggar, impostor' from Celtic *trugo 'miserable' akin to F
rench truand, Scots-Gaelic truaghan, Spanish truhan, Breton truc, Irish trogha.
derivatives: truanice, truania 'scam, trickery', truanear [v] 'to trick, to
fool someone'
varanda [f] 'balcony, veranda' from *varanda, from *ranna "part, portion"; W
elsh rhan, Cornish/Breton rann, Irish roinn.
derivatives: varandim, varandinha 'small verandah', varandado 'Brazilian typ
e of porch in colonial country houses'
varga [f] 'hut; wall made of hurdles; hurdle, fence', from Celtic *wraga,[80
][81] French barge, akin to Old Irish fraig, Irish fraigh 'braided wall, roof, p
en', Br gwrac'hell 'haybale, rick of hay'.

vrgea, vargem, vargedo, vargeiro 'agricultural land or open meadow' (usually

referring to cereal or vegetables cultivation) from Gaulish *barga-, akin to Cat
alan, Occitan, Ligurian barga "wattle hut", Middle-Irish barc 'fort; woodshed'.
vasculho [m] 'bundle of straw; broom', from proto-Celtic *baski- 'bundle',[7
] cognate of Gascon bascojo 'basket', Asturian bascayu 'broom', Breton bec'h 'bu
ndle, load'.
vassalo [m] from Vulgar Latin vassalus, from proto-Celtic *wasto-,[7][22] co
gnate of French vassal, Spanish vasallo, Middle Irish foss 'servant', Welsh gwas
'servant; lad', Breton gwaz.
vassoura [f] or vassoira [f] 'broom' from Proto-Celtic *basca- or *baski- 'b
ind, tangle',[7] via Gaulish bascauda, akin to French bche 'canvas sheet, tarpaul
in' Gascon bascojo 'hanging basket', Asturian bascayu, Barn bascoyes, Welsh basg
'plaiting', Middle Irish basc 'neckband'.
derivatives: vassoirar [v] or vassourar [v] 'to sweep with a broom', vassour
ada or vassoirada 'broom sweep, broomstick strike/hit'
velenho 'henbane', via Celtiberian belenion < bhel* 'shiny, burning' cognate
of Old Irish bal 'sun', Spanish beleo, Welsh bela. Same etymology as Belenus the
Celtic sun-God
vereda [f] 'main road', from the medieval form vereda, from Celtic *u?o-redo
-,[82][83] 'pathway'; akin to Welsh gorwydd 'steed', Vulgar Latin veredus 'horse
', French palefroi 'steed' (< *para-veredus).
derivatives: enveredar[v] 'to take or chose a path or direction in life or p
rofession'
vidoeiro [m] (alternative, archaic spellings bidoeiro [m] or bidoeira [f] 'b
irch',[84] from Celtic *betu- or *betu-,[7][25] cognate of Catalan be, Occitan b (<
bettiu), French bouleau, Italian betulla (< betula); akin to Irish beith, Welsh
bedw, Breton bezv.
derivatives: vidoeiral 'place with birch-trees'.
Projections on Celtic vocabulary (excluding more modern French and other loanwor
ds), toponyms and derivations in Portuguese, indicate over 1,000 words.
Iberian:
abbora "pumpkin"
arroio "brook, stream"
baa "bay" (cf. Basque ibai 'river')
balsa "ferry"
barranco "ravine"
barranceira "steep climb or cliff" (normally above water)
barro "mud; clay"
bizarro "quaint, bizarre"
boina "Basque berret"
cabaa "kalabash, gourd"
cachorro "puppy"
carapaa "shell, armour"
cama "bed" (Vulgar Latin: cama)
cavaco "small woods"
charco "puddle"
gordo "fat individual or liquid"
gordura "lard, fat content"
manteiga "butter"
mata, mato "woods"
medronheiro "strawberry-tree"
mochila "rucksack, backpack"
morro "hill"
mouta, moita "bush"
sapato "shoe"
sapo "toad"
silo "silo" (cf. Basque zilo 'hole')

Projections on Iberian vocabulary, toponyms and derivations in Portuguese, indic

ate just a few dozen words in total.
Germanic languages
Main article: List of Portuguese words of Germanic origin
The Germanic influence (Suebi, Visigoths, Buri, Vandals) in Portuguese is often
related to warfare/military topics, but also exists in other vocabulary like ani
mals texugo (badger), natural world orvalho (dew), Human qualities like franquez
a (frankness, candour), orgulho (pride), some verbs like brigar (to quarrel), to
wn and placenames such as Ermesinde and Esposende, where sinde and sende for ins
tance; are derived from the Germanic "sinths" (military expedition), numerous Su
ebi[85] derivations like, Freamunde (from 'Fredemundus'), Vermunde, Amonde (Onom
ondi), Samonde, Gimonde, Aldo,[86] Guadramil, Gondomil, Samil, Esmoriz, Alhariz (
toponymic of Aliaricus), Oriz, Touriz, Roriz, Gondoriz, Gondizalves, Gondar, Gon
domar, Gondarm, Gudim, Torres Vedras (from Turres Veteras, 'old tower'[87]), Sous
a, Terras de Sousa and Terras de Bouro (land of the Buri), Serra do Bouro, Bouro
, are found mainly in the Minho and Douro regions. Many of these words entered t
he language during the late antiquity, either as words introduced into Vulgar La
tin elsewhere, or as words brought along by the Suebi who settled in Gallaecia (
Northern Portugal and Galicia) in the 5th century, and also by the Visigoths who
annexed the Suebic Kingdom in 585 and ruled until the 8th century AD. Other wor
ds were incorporated to Portuguese during the Middle Ages, mostly proceeding fro
m French and Occitan languages, as both cultures had a massive impact in Portugu
ese during the 12th and 13th centuries. More recently, other words with Germanic
origin have been incorporated, either directly from English or other Germanic l
anguages, or indirectly through French. Projections indicate over 600 Germanic l
oan words dating back to the Germanic, Post-Roman invasions and settlements. The
number of subsequent Germanic loanwords incorporated into Portuguese in more re
cent centuries is uncertain, but likely to make a few hundred words more.
Aringa (military camp) from Gothic hrings[88]
Aleive (treason, traitor) from Gothic lavjan[88]
Aleivosia (treason, deception) from Gothic lavjan[88]
Aleivoso (person/act of a treacherous nature, traitor) from Gothic lavjan[88
]
Albergue (hostel, youth hostel) from Gothic haribergo[88]
Albergaria (same as above)
Albergar[v] (to host or shelter someone) from Gothic haribergo[88]
Banco (bank, bench) from Gothic banka[88]
Banca (banks, banking system, bench) from Gothic banka[88]
Banqueiro (banker, financier) from Gothic banka[88]
Bancrio (bank, banker)from Gothic banka[88]
Intrabancrio (interbanking (system), interbank) from Gothic banka[88]
Multibanco (Cash dispenser, ATM machine) from Gothic banka[88]
Baro, Baronesa (baron, baroness) from Germanic baro[88]
Branco (white, pale) from Germanic blank[88]
Branco (common Portuguese surname) from Germanic blank[88]
Branca (female name, white female) from Germanic blanka[88]
Brancura (whiteness) from Germanic blank[88]
Branquicento (of faded, pale appearance) from Germanic blank[88]
Branquela (pejorative for White person) from Germanic blank[88]
Branqueio (to bleach, to whiten or launder smthg ie. money laundering) from
Germanic blank[88]
Branqueamento (same as above)
Branquear[v], Esbranquear[v], Embranquecer[v] (to make, turn white, to white
n up)
Brasa from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]
Braseiro from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]
Brasalisco from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]

Brasido from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]

Brasil (Brazil) from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]
Braso from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]
Brasonado from Gothic *bras, brasa[89]
Broa "loaf" from Germanic brauam
Broeiro (peasant, rude person) from Germanic brauam
Bucho (stomach, belly, tummy) from Germanic uuasbucho
Camisa "shirt" (Fr.: chemise Latin: camisia < Celt < PGmc *khamijo, cf OHG he
midi, Germ Hemd "shirt")
Destacar[v] (to assign troops, to stand out, to surpass) from Gothic stakka[
88]
Destaque (surpass, highlight) from Gothic stakka[88]
Elmo from Gothic hilms[88]
Espanca (spanking) from Ancient Germanic (maybe Nordic, see Danish 'spanke "
to strut")
Espancar[v] (to spank, to give someone a spanking)
Espancamento (a spanking, a beating)
Espora (spur) from Gothic spara[88]
Esporo (spur) from Gothic spara[88]
Estaca (stake) from Gothic stakka[88]
Estacada (stockade) from Gothic stakka[88]
Estacar[v] (to stake) from Gothic stakka[88]
Escano (sommelier) from Gothic skankja[88]
Escanar[v], Escancear[v], Escanchar[v] (to measure and serve wine) from Gothi
c skankja[88]
Fona from Gothic fon[88]
Fornir[v] from Gothic frumjan[88]
Ganhar[v] (to gain) from Germanic waidanjan[88]
Ganho (gain, profit) from Germanic waidanjan[88]
Godo/Gtico from Gothic guthans[88]
Guarda (guard, warden, police) from Germanic wardaz, Visigothic wardjan, Sue
bian wardon Gothic wer[88]
Guardio (guard, legal guardian) from Germanic wardaz, Visigothic wardjan Goth
ic wer[88]
Guardar[v] (to guard, to safekeep, to protect) from Germanic wardaz, Visigot
hic wardjan Gothic wer[88]
Aguardar[v] (to wait ie. at a queue) from Germanic wardaz, Visigothic wardja
n Gothic wer[88]
Resguardar[v] (to shelter, to cover, to protect smthg or someone ie. from th
e elements) from Germanic wardaz, Visigothic wardjan, Suebian wardon Gothic wer[
88]
Guarida (shelter, protection) from Germanic warjan
Garagem (garage) also Germanic warjan "to protect"
Guarnecer[v] (to supply, to replenish) also from Germanic warjan
Guelra (gill) from Proto-Germanic gelunaz
Guelrita (regional Portuguese fishing basket) from Proto-Germanic gelunaz
Guelricho, Galrracho (fishing net or trap) from Proto-Germanic gelunaz
Guerra, Guerreio (war, conflict) from Gothic wirro[88]
Guerrear[v] (to fight) from Gothic wirro[88]
Guerreiro (warrior, fighter) from Gothic wirro[88]
Guerreo (troublemaker, ruffian) from Gothic wirro[88]
Guerrilha (guerrilla) from Gothic wirro[88]
Aguerrido (fierce, courageous, fighter) from Gothic wirro[88]
Aguerrir [v], Aguerreirar [v] (to fight, to combat, to challenge without fea
r) from Gothic wirro[88]
Aguerridamente (fiercely, bravely) from Gothic wirro[88]
Guia (guide) from Gothic wida[88]
Guiar[v] (to guide, to lead, to drive a vehicle) from Gothic wida[88]
Lasca (chip, splinter) from Gothic laska[88]
Lascar[v] (to cleave, to flake smthg off, to chip smthg) from Gothic laska[8

8]
Lascarino or Lascarinho (joker, troublemaker, petty thief) from Gothic laska
[88]
Orgulho (pride) from Germanic urgoli
Orgulhoso (proud) from Germanic urgoli
Orgulhosamente (proudly) from Germanic urgoli
Orvalho (dew) from Germanic ur (water) + vallen (to fall)< Proto-Germanic ur
a + fallana
Marta from Gothic marthus[88]
Roubo (robbery) from Germanic raubon[88]
Roubador (robber, thief) from Germanic raubon[88]
Roubar[v] (to rob) from Germanic raubon[88]
Roubalheira (robbery, theft) from Germanic raubon[88]
Roca from Gothic ruka[88]
Sala [f] (room, living-room) from Germanic sal
Salo [m] (living or ballroom, hairdressers, manicure, beauty salon) from Germ
anic sal
Sala de Jantar [f] (dining-room) from Germanic sal
Sala de espera [f] (waiting-room) from Germanic sal
Saleta, Salinha, Antessala or Ante-Sala [f] (antechamber) from Germanic sal
Tampa from Gothic tappa[88]
Texugo or Teixugo (badger) from Gothic *thahsuks, shortening of *thahsus-[90
]
Triscar[v] from Gothic thriskan[88]
Tascar[v] from Gothic taskon[88]
Trgua (truce) from Gothic trigivo[88]
Atreguar[v] (to discuss/negotiate conditions of a truce) from Gothic trigivo
[88]
Ufa from Gothic ufjo'[88]
Ufano (glorious, vain) from Gothic ufjo'[88]
Ufanear[v] or Ufanar[v] (to glorify, to praise) from Gothic ufjo'[88]
Arabic
Main article: List of Portuguese words of Arabic origin
Projections indicate between 400 to 800 Arabic loan words. Today, this proportio
n has decreased as the language became richer, some words fell into disuse and n
ewer borrowings from Greek, Latin and other languages entered the vocabulary.
Alcova (alcove) from alkubba ( ????? )
Aldeia (village) from aldaya ( ????? )
Alface (lettuce) from alkhass ( ???? )
Algarismo (number, figure) from alkarizmi ( ?????? )
Algema (handcuff) from alzhaimar (bracelet) (????)
Almirante (admiral) from amir + ar-rahl ( ???? ?????? )
Almofada (cushion) from almukhadda ( ??????? )
mbar (amber) from anbar ( ???? )
Armazm (warehouse; a cognate of English "magazine") from almahazan ( ?????? )
Arroz (rice) from arruz (loan from Greek ryza) ( ????? )
Acar (sugar) from "as-sukkar" ( ?????? )
Azeite (olive oil) from azzait ( ?????? )
Bairro (barri)
Ftima (woman's name, and name of a town in Portugal) from Fa?imah ( ????? )
Garrafa (bottle) from garrafa (cognate of English "caraffe") ( ???????? )
Girafa (giraffe) from zurafa ( ?????? )
Jasmim (jasmine) from yasmin (loan from Persian jasamin) ( ???? )
Jarra (vase) from jarra ( ?????? )
The Mozambican currency Metical was derived from the word mitqal ( ????? ), an A
rabic unit of weight. The name Mozambique itself is an Arabic name, from sultan

Mua Alebique (Musa Alibiki).

Influences from outside Europe
With the Portuguese discoveries linguistic contact was made, and the Portuguese
language became influenced by other languages with which it came into contact ou
tside Europe. In Brazil, many placenames and local animals have Amerindian names
, the same occurring with the local Bantu languages in Angola and Mozambique.
Africa
Banana (banana) from Wolof
Bab (babysitter), a name developed by the slaves to wet-nurses
Bungular (to dance like African wizards) from Kimbundu kubungula
Cachimbo (smoking pipe) from Kimbundu
Careca (bald) from Kimbundu
Cabiri (small domestic animal) from Kimbundu kabiribiri
Cafun (caress on the head) from Kimbundu kifumate
Capoeira (Brazilian martial art) from Kikongo kipura (cf. Port. & Lat. cap)
Cubata/Kubata (African hut/shack) from Kimbundu kubata
Marimba (musical instrument) from Bantu marimba/malimba
Missanga (glass beads for threading) from Kimbundu
The country name "Angola" is from a Bantu word, N'gola.
Americas
Anans (pineapple) from Tupi Guarani nan
Abacaxi (pineapple) from Tupi ib + cati
Aa (aa palm) from Tupi Guarani waca'i
Apache (apache) via Fra. from Yuman epache or apachu
Capivara (capybara) from Tupi ka'apiara
Caiaque, Kayak (kayak) via Fra. from Intikut ???, from Proto-Eskimo qyaq
Goiaba (guava) from Arawak guaiaba
Jaguar (jaguar) from Tupi Guarani jaguara
Jacarand (jacaranda) from Tupi yakara'nda
Maracuj (passionfruit, maracuya) from Tupi moruku'ia
Mocassim (moccasin) via Eng. from Algonquian mockasin
Moicano (mohican/mahican) via Eng. from Algonquian ma'hi'kan
Muriqui (muriqui monkeys) from Tupi muri'ki
Piranha (piranha) from Tupi Guarani pir + sainha
Sumama (kapok, java cotton) Tupi suma'uma
Tatu (armadillo) from Guarani tatu
Tucano (toucan) from Guarani tucan
Asia
Bengala reduced form of cana de Bengala; Bengala is a golf on the eastern coas
t of India.
Biombo (screen with multiple panels to divide a room) from the Japanese byob
u
Canja from malaiala (language of Malabar
ndia) through concani or concanim (G
oese).
Ch (Tea), from Chinese cha
Corja (rabble) from Malay krchchu
Leque abbreviated form of "abano lquio", where lquio means "related to Lquias i
slands, south of Japan".
Ramarro, ramerro or rame-rame (monotonous sound), from Hindi rma-rma
Manga (mango), from Malay mangga
Catana (cutlass) from Japanese katana
The country name Macau is from Chinese A-mok, name of the city's temple.