‘Skeleton of the thoracic limb (ossa membri thoracici) 137 Sho free Tendon growet Letra spd pees Shot froin Tenover cet Medi sid = Rodi roca Fig. 3-12. lft radius and right ulna of the hore chematc, lateral (A) ond caudal 8) spect. Skeleton of the forearm (skeleton antebrachii) ‘The skeleton of the distal part (zeugopodium) of the free appendage of the forelimb consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna (Fig, 3-2, 3, 11 and 12), “The ulna is placed caudal /caudolateral tothe radius inthe proximal part ofthe forearm and lateral inthe distal part Tables 53-3 and 4 show the times of appearance and fusion ofthe seps- ‘ate ossification centres ofthe radius and ulna, ‘During evolution these bones have undergone a species specific development. In man the capacity of rotational ‘movements is well developed: if the palm of the hand is turned backward (pronation), the bones of the forearm are in 1 crossed over position, ifthe palm of the hand is turned for- \ward (supination), radius and ulna are placed paralle o each other. While there is still a limited capacity of movement in camivores with the dog having. a greater limitation to rotation than the cat, no movement is possible inthe horse, in which the distal pat ofthe ulna is completely reduced. ‘During rotation the proximal extremity of thera is lodged within te radial notch of the ulna Gcisura radials ulnse), ‘while the distal extremity rotates around the articular eir- ‘cumference of the ulna (circumerentia radials ulnae). The ‘bones of the forearm allow a 45 degree supination to the dog, ‘which is substantially increased by the rotational capacity of ‘the earpus. In the pig, rotational movement is prevented by Tob. 33. Appearance ond fusion of he esifieation canes on the radius (Ghetie, 1971) sdf 1st monk Bho mona preg Sh=18h mon hth momh ofpreg. 12h—18h moh th mah Th month endo et monk Shyer Bi years 8h -9h meth Tyco