East Godavari Yatra

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www.mohanpublications.com
www.granthanidhi.blogspot.in
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by Sabbella Sivannarayana Reddy
Sri Vinayaka Publications, Kakinada.
August 2013
Photos
Srinivas Koyyana, IIPC, FIP Mem., Kakinada. 9848095060
Layout & Design :
Badde Raja Srinivasu, Samalkot. 9391947579, 9393 533440
Typeset at
RM Graphics, #18-13-2/5, Pleadergari Thota, Ganapathi Nagar, Samalkot - 533440.
For Copies
Sudhita Book Centre, Opp. Super Bazar, Main Road, Kakinada. (0884) 2358677, 2368678
Sri Vinayaka Publications, Kakinada. Cell: 9849611888, 87123 11000
Price
: ` 1199/-
Printed at
Website
Pragati Offset Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad

www.godavariyatra.in
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| k+<s + eTqdTqT yTe Ts|+ , |\+| #jT &+, qTs >+q y] eyT *> n<w+ > |s=qe#T.
\T>T |]XeT \|+&q <s\T | eT yTs +~+ d\sTT&| n<T+>
eT\#& ><e] rs b+H eTT+<T> m+#T+THsq~ q> d +. ><e] |yV b+ n<Ty T q
s +q d<s \T # eT+< HsT. j++> e]q q>sy dT\ ><e] n+<\T, b|=+&\
k+<s +, ><e] nTT q |\
T, =+&\ n+<\qT #d ]+#&+ m+ kdT+ <q&+ d+<V +
<T. | seTDjT \y\yTq ><e] |yV b++ H\= q = |s |<X\T &
$e]dTHeTT.
14
><e] &Tq b++ ><e] dT&T\T sT>T +T+~.

]qT\qT s+ #+<T & y\dq neTysT bXeT. b+
>+& n k HeT+. n+<Te\H neTy] el >+&bXeT>
|\TksT.
e #&Xsk$T \jT+ ` <M|+

#sE\ \+ H{ e#&Xsk$T \jT+ 11e X_
#+~q~. \+H{ #] >TsT\T L& \jT+ e< HsTT.
& k$T d+q *+>XsT&T> |d~. ed+ eq
des<q nqTyq b++> \jT+ |sT b+~+~.
|s+{|* $XXsk$T \jT+

seT+& dTesT 50 MT <s+ ><e] esZ+ q
$XXs\jT+ L& #] b<q *q<. b++ z #]
d+<sH b++> *+~. b+\ y\+f eTT+<T>
uT, +N\T T #dTy*.
eTVq+BXs\jT+
15
16
17
d++...d+|<j\ |+&T>. V s+# |+&T>. eT{ eTT&|& | Jeq+ = +T\T +| |+&T>. yeCeTTH >&T
e~*q |\T kjT+d+< y ] >{ #]qT ` b~, <>\ $T+ m&& +Tq ys+ k] * &+{ | #s |+&T>.
sT\T @sTy yTT<\T|f |+&T>. |\\T, e<T\T, |<, < nH & +& #dTH d+c\ |+&T>. e #b\+f n# \T>T<q+
|se = ddq |+&T> eTq d++
d++ d+<s+> |\T * sqT #dq > T[ |&sTT. s+>T\T ysTT+#&+, |P]b\ nsT>T\qT |& n\&\qT |P] #d,
yT\T=\T| dTq| eTT>TZ\T yd n+<+> jsT #ksT. >Te\ e$T& sD\T, |P\e\\T { d++ \ d+|<jT |< k>+
|\TsT. <yTq eT+#TqT dssD\T N\TedTq deTjT+ |T |]D\T ydTq jTTeT\T eT Vs+ b{ |& eTT>TZ\T yd
eTT# >=\TsT. $#Tq s+>e\T\ @ M~ #dH +<<qdT\T =\Te rsj...nqT> qT\$+<T #ksTT. |&T\ eTTy H{ &T
yeCeTTH V]<dT sq\T d+<& #ksTT. eT<V deTjT+ njT>] <D+ |T... neT>] <D+ |T n+ && deq\T... \T>Ty]
bsTc V+> #|+# &|+<\ |+<+sjTT d<+e&+... >e |+&T> H\T>T sE\ d+<&.. d+<&. d++ |<q+> sT
+ y\T>T\T yT |+&T>.
><e] |s~q+ |ue+ me. |# |s & sT\T u>u>\ +{s sh+ n+ $XdksT. T+
duT\+ dV|+ uH\T #d @ |+&T> d++. T+ duT\+ uq+ #d nsT<q d+|<jT+, qTeTsT>eTq eT&
T+ eed >=|<H H\T>T sE (u, d++, qTeT, eTTqTeT) k~ksT. e #b\+f n#yTq \T>T<q+ |se =
n |< |+&> ~.
&& deq ` >+s<T\T
18
|H <T |D L&... ueT+
19
><e] d++ d+s\ n#yTq sTHe\T. { + <... ] \|+<...

eTs d+eTD+ <yqq+> & | #s+ qsqsH J]+#TbsTT+~. C |+E\qT
m+| #d, sujT sDs+> d<+ #jT&+ z > u$ksT. |+<+qT jsT #jT&+ mH
dsyTq n+X\T sd|&sTT. >T&T m+| qT+ |+< |f eTTVAs+ esL... mH $+\T
>#]ksTT. n+<T d++ y&T ><e] &|+<\< n>kq+> #TsT.
sDs+>+ #T ud\eT+ y<H <=s<T n ll eTqTw\ >T]+ eyT nH&T..
C ~ &|+E\ L& e]dT+~. s\T s+& d>+ $|, yT]dbjT {q
m&eT* m>sd, |] & >T+& ~+#& |jT+# |+<+|+EqT #& <XyTB <T.
D\ <>Zs dTs+> }~, eTT\T *| y{ +< e<*|&+ \d+, n|{ < Hp>
|+q yT&MT< \qT sX+> ]+ qTy HH s nq n$ d> *jT&sTT.
deTs d<+
20
V]<dT
d n+f d ` &|+<\T
21
|# yN |]qT+& e]#\T... =]|\T... |+\Te\ s n+<\ b{|& qdeT... d++ eT]+ XuqT d+]+#T+T+~.
sT\T eT b |+&q =\] e] |q\qT #T\T> { +{ #sT\ y&BksT. >MTD eTV\ # y qT+ C\Tys s+>Ts+>T\
eTT>TZ\T... y{| n\+]+# >=ueT\ & M<T\T qT$+<T #ksTT. M+{H qdeT d++ |+&T> ed >Zq |u\ rsyT
>TsT=dT+~. B <X$<X q k\ bT, y] +<Te\T s\T T y*bsT.
|uqT yd... jTTe\T
>Zq |u\ rs dTesT 400 d+es\ #] +~. n+ eTT+<T qT+# & |u\ rs+ sT>TT+<H y<q L& { +~.
yTTd\|* >e #+~q u> Xsk$T Vq+| |sy T XsT sb\ q |u\
T >qZ s* ekjT ><. <Ty\ d+es\ y T u> Xsk$T
\j H><e n~| nsTTq s&T ]+qT \jT+ s|\\| |s=q&sTT. n|{ qT+& |u\ rs+ & sT>TH
+~. @&s\ =]qT >Zq n+{sT. & <e V+ +&<T. nsTTH & rs+ s>&+ yqT d\ $w bT, d\ |sD+ L&
+~. >MT bjT (m>Te )qT nqT= q >Zq rs+ sT>TT+~. deTT<+ *d d|q<T\+{q >MT n$wyTq~. eT+&Tyd$
L& +<T sT |eVdT+~. { dsT\ qT+ <$+q+<TH |uqT s+>Ts+>T\ q\T <s\T, = ek\ r]~<TsT. |seTe |w+
}s+|> rdTeksT. |u\ j >eT d+|<jT+, d+d |_+_ksTT. qTeT |+&T> sE ]> rs u |+&T> s+&T sE\
eTT+<T \jT |<Hs\T |P\T #dq sTy |u\ j ls+ #T&sT. |u\ j {XS\+, f#, b# |+{\qT, e
|byTq eT] }&\qT |j+ y{ *b{ y<TsT u+>T\qT +> ns+ jTT s+ neTsTsT. |u |q <y\j +# |d&
+&qT + #T HeT* |+#\ n\+]ksT.
<TTq |u ` Xw qyV
H{ d+|<jT+ H{....
m<T\+&
|# |+b...
22
23
b+> ><e]... }+~ # e]! u<] +]... e deT NH+]! y\T rsT e <y]... y<eT+f e ><e]! X]
*dq ><e]... seT #] |H~! ><e] $wqT #|+ b m |JH sjTT#T, m <H n#T, m deH
rjTT#T. H{ \T>T d s+> |{ eTq ><e]!
19e X+ =*H seT+& +<+> \T>T de rsD ]>~. \eT+ $TH&T... nq \+H V<su<
b+~. nsTTq|{ kjT>\ H\yq ><e] qBbjT\T... b|=+&\ e< e+|\T! <yTq n&e\T... jT\ @C kjT>\T!
d|es\ &jT+ <qeH\T... eTsy| V+> b+> deTT<+... |# |+~] qdeT n+<\T... \T>T de rsDqT +
q #T |+H HsTT. n\H{ eT>eTqdT\T qT+ H{ deT y{ d]eT #T esL n+<\ kjT>\ sqy.
\T>T deT ><e] |kq+ 1940`50 bs+uyT+~. n|{ qT+& $j\T b+<&+ ] sTy sT rsD se&+
bs+_+#sT. >< >T+B... >T MT< #T+B... # #jTd #| ue... e+{ b\T $+f |r ] eT~ yT~ jT{ C|+
{|* se, n& q s$ #T. n\H&T nH H>Xsse q{+q eT>eTqdT\T + qT+ H{ eseq q{qT\ \ |t =f
|<X+> {|* se |d~ +~. {|* seqT qT q s$#T dTesT 150 @ H{< n+T+{sT. ><e] &Tq q
s$#T m TbqT\T eH |{ ##<s+& +~. ><e] <{ y |jD\T & =~d|H yT+{sT. s$#T
e<H # \T>T de\T rsD sT|=HsTT. H>Xsse, eTTq, k$ q{+q eT>eTqdT\T \T>T de & wO{+>\T
bs+ueTjsTT. de yTT+ <<|> & k+~. n|{ ~ |< d+#\q $jT+ k~++~. B+ & wO{+> sT|q
+ V{ =&+ UjT+ n desZ\ qeT+. n+<THy sTy # \T & s|~<THsTT. yDl, H>Xsse q{+q
<ds T&T de 70X+ & rXsT. {|* \+ dT H\T, |&e |q, s$#T e< rdq dqT | \qT m+>H T HsTT.
# #jTd #| ue... nH b {|* seH r]+#sT. b # b|\sY nsTT+~. sTy msY m<T, w q{+q
}] yTTq>&T de\T & rXsT. 1978 . s|Ty+<se <s+ l<$ VssTTH> eq |<Vs ejTdT de <<|>
{|* |]ds b+\H r]+#sT. d]d]eTTe, ssTT {>&T, eTTs], nysT e+{ d|sY V{ de\T & rXsT. de
+& {.$. d]jT L& {|* se |]ds b+\T |d~sTT.
24
\\T
25
<djT\|*
b|=+&\ qT+& jH+ esL mH de\ wO{+>T\ eTq ><e]

rs+ H\ee+~. n+ <T, ~>ZC+{ q{qT\T, <s\T, k+
|DT+<]H L& >& n+~++~.
d |eTTKT\ |]{>& sT><e]. qT\ $wj ed q\
seT], ds++, ^+*, d.mdt.se, \HsjYT, >+sE,
jT|<, , YyVH $T, eV< sVH, \|, b{ s+uT,
uqT|jT , X+|jT , se>b\se, >q sese, wu > y H, s|*,
<seT ds, w&T, VeT, VsH<, sY. HsjTDeT], <e<dt
q\, sJy q\ (jH+), <s\ |s+> #d <T] dTuse,
mdt.$. cs&, e+o, lqT y, dTesY, XuH, #+<T\T
#+~qys. q <s &T .jTdt. s &, b{>|
m+ |sT |UT\T
>+q #{ . HjTT&T\T L& ys. s#sTT\T eTT|P&
y+seTD, u$ T&b{ s<w, jT+&eT] Ms+<H<, e+o, d eT],
n<wB| (>jTs#sTT) bT |eTTK d+^ <s\T C.$. s|Te\T,
<$l|k<, s|TT +# L& & ys. >jT\T |s|s+ H>Xsse,
s\T @&< H>Xsse, &.$.mdt. sE\T d+ #+~qys
e&+ >eTHs+.
jT|s+ |sT $+f y+H >TsT=#$ |Ps\T, |#. n> { |se =Dd& ysT \\ <T |eTesTT.
| dV d<yTq dT+<s b+ r]+q de\qT |\T me> <]dT+&&+ <s\T, s\T & wO{+>\qT me>
sVdTHsT. <Xy|+> |d~ #+~q |s b+\qT m+#TH d |+&T\T qdeT wO{+> #d \\ n+<\qT y+& s| |
+~ksT. k, T~eT+T&T, >+>, n+<\ seTT&T, H {>|t, >| >| ><e] e+{ \T & s|~<Tqy.
seT#+<|s+
de\ |> |sT>+q <djT\|* >eT+ bs+ eT+&Ty #|sT\qqT $Xw+> ]ksTT. \ V<s yesD+
|sT dyX\T r]+#\+f >TsT=#~ <djT\|*. wO{+> rj* ed d+ dHH <djT\|* >eT+ rjT&+
d+{yT+{> u$ksT d s\T. \T>T #\q s+>+ nH H>Xsse, s+J$, u\w, XuH uT, H>sTq, w+sE, sC+<|k<
yTT<\T n\] qsX, dT ~s yT& Vs\T >e e wO{+>T bZq&+ $Xw+. eTq }] b+&e\T, <e, yT|Td+<X+, keTT+,
CqseTT&T, X+susD+, |$T+ |&T, n+<\ seTT&T, +{ \T>T de\ bT b, VeTYy e+{ V+B de\T L& &
rsD sT|HsTT.
26
y| deTT<+, eT&T y| ><e], |# yN |sqT> e]#\T.... +|k+|\ |jT+# \Te\T... \\| k>+ |* =]
#T.. s sV n+<#+<\ n+<] eT+eTT>T\qT #d deT qdeT. n+<T qdeT ds+> m|& $Xw+> ]dT+~. e &{
dT+<syTq <X\qT r]+ u\T ]+q de\T me> qdeT rdqy e&+ >eTHs+. V{ d+{yT+{ |{ =qk>TT+&+
nHeT+~ <s s\T qdeTH wO{+> k{\qT m+#T \qT rdTHsT. qdeTydT\T # <+ bT de sD nedsyTq
|D, | yesD\ bT <X+ eTs& qTe+{ | d<yTq b+\T & me> HsTT. nT nqes+ qT+& T n+s~ esL...
27
sT><e] Cq|<\ |{+~ |sT. usrjT d+d, d+|<j\qT

#{ #|$ \T. eT |uby\ eTVsE\ d+ uwt n|+#T=q
sT\ |sT{>& . Ts<\T, | >T, MsH+, >s>q+, |>{
yc\T, T&T\ yc\T, =eT<d], \TueT, ~+k q+, =eTTq+, >s&,
+, V]<\T, &| ysTT<+, keTT, skeTT, >+s<T \T, +>eT <es
e+{ Cq|< \ |+{+~ |sT.
28
Cq|<\ (|\) qT+ |T=qy Cq|< \T. |Ps\+ |\T $H<+

d+ jsT #dTq \T y] \_+# s\T, +T #s\, b\ +&
+&$. $H<+ d+ |{q ysTT<\H <q+s+ \>eTq+ <e\ d+s eT
u #f+<T y&&+ yTT<+~. |]X<\T 40 |> Cq|< sb\qT >T]+#sT.
sE\qT eT $<\ n\]+ b~ b+< sT\T esZeTsTT, |+ ~>T&
e# \+ u keTT\qT, s T \qT XsTT+ J$+#ysT eTs $u>+> M] >T]+#sT.
29
|Xs+ C
H& C
qdeT
=]u+&+
jT|s+
|Ps\T
nqes+
|k<+
>=\\e$T&&
$T]
s+|#&es+
u+>T#H
sT |+&T>\
dw s\T
30
><e] dw
|\d
|sTe|s+
b+ >s\T
se\b+
eTT+_s
n+uJ|
b{\T
31
sT><e] e+\L |{+~ |sT.

Hs]+# n#\T>T Vs |<s\T #jT&+ & |DT\~
n+< ydq #sTT. #d = | e+\T sT #d rs*+<.
M{ C, |Ps\T, e$T&+&, b{\T, b+>s\ bT
nqes+ d<e |k<+ |<q+> HsTT. + e+d|jTT\
|+> |\d, u+>TH, eTT+_s +{y +& <ojT o\bj\ HsTT.
y{ = MTd+...
|Xs+ C
jT C
|Xs+ |sT #_ >TsT e#~ C. H <X, $<X\

d+ & C |sT |UT\THsTT. |Xs+ C\T s+>T, sT,
s+ |+> +&&+ n+<] f TH$. |
H{ H{ b H&T shksTT |Xs+ C |sT +~.
H& q>s |wqT $Xy|+ #dq jT C

ss\q }]d ek+~. <X $<X L& jT C
|sT |UT\T HsTT. yT< jsT #dq >=+C
Hs]+# sT n e \+H m+ b#Ts+ b+~+~.
H& eTd< d+sY dMT|+ jT d{k |sT q
$TssTT <TD+> bs+uy T n e ee~ $j><sT\
H{ |#s+ <X~X b n+srjT ksTT C d+b~+#T
+~. keqT\ qT+ d s\T, sjT |eTTKT\ es
jT CqT d T + +{sT. H& eq ysesH
C sT #&+< ys T . u+& yTC u> |s>& + f& esY,
|s{ V\qT L& k~+#THsT.
& C j m& $<+> jT+\qT sb+~+

|jdTHsT. k+|<jT <T\ yT$+| CqT r]~<sT.
|Xs+ >eT+ 1939 H{ qT+# +< |+&e+\ j |qT
k++ #dT+~. |Xs+ CqT &|t|C + s+&T eT&T H\\
esL \ #dTe#, |C qT+ rdq s |~ $Tc\T jT{
yesD+ + C> +{jT j<sT\T $e]dTHsT.
32
jT|s+ |Ps\T
|T+f s*bjT+ |\T# bs +&
|Ps\T H{ |T>H eT<TsqTud
]bsTT. |d|\\T yTT<\T= e<T\ es M{
+<eT VV&TT+{sT. sT><e]
jT|s+ >eT+ jsjT |Ps\T <X, $<X
b#Ts+ >&+#sTT. M{ j s+&T <X\T> +T+~.
yTT<{ <X s\T jsT #dTy*. s+&e <X n
jsT #dq s\qT <| { + HsTT, yT> b&
#dq |+#<s, j\\b&, J&|| b& #*, q$> eT&
|{ q& M\T> #T&sT.
nqes+ |k<+
nqes+ + $T> \ _q+>
><TeTse jsT #dq |k<+ \ueTe
T +~. ~ ny | T y T q ~> | r . $w
|+#jTq +> $s\TTq nqes+
eyT |k<+ j +T+~. d<e
~e |k<+ jsT #d+<T |<q+>
HDyTq ><T eTq, |+#<s, HsTT, j\\
b& |<s\qT |jksT. B+ bT
|k< dT>+<<y\T, s edTe\qT
|j +#&+ sT >DjT+> |] u \
qT
]k+~.
|sTe|s+ b+>s\T
n+uJ| b{\T
+f >s H\q~ |<\

e. >s\T H\Hs
m& H #| <T . +> ysT |sTe|s+
b+ >s\T +f |d]> >s\H H\
#| +&ysT. rsb+ L&* >eTyTq |sTe|s+
$Tq| b+>s\ |d~. 5 <Xu\|> & |\
+& dT<s b+\ |\ |sTe|s+ >s\
sT dT|]yT . $Tq| |+& j s u\+ b+ Hq
>s\T H{ ydT+f yq|Pd ]bT+&&+
b++ >T+& yysT |d]> b+ >s\qT
+ eT ysT.
+f >s\T H*... $+f eTVus+ $H* n+{sT |<\

T. >s
<T... b{ \T L& H=#+{sT n+uJ| ydT\T. m+<T+f &
jsjT b{\T +<T\ | e+yTq >s\ sTH $Tq>
+{sTT. |qd jsjT e++ s> eT+<+{sT.
n#+ & +& e+ &H me &e+& +~. b{
ndq sT #{\H +~. sb&`HsTT, =]#{, u+ujYT #{
(Xq>|+& #{), <jT #{\ b{ +fH nd\T eTC. eTTK+>
r|, |\T|, s+ $TXe\ jsT #d <jT #{ b{qT
+f sT eT]bsT.
33
|\d
|d\yT H |\d H\H~ HqT&. B f nse Te T+~ #| >=|q+.
><e] | sh+ eTs& |\d \_+#<T. <eXs+ usJ qT+
><e] deTT<+ *d es ><e] |yV b++ n+ |\d\T <=sTsTT.
><e] es< sT e# p, >w, d|+sT H\ eyT |\d\T
<=sTsTT. ><e] es< deTjT+ mssT deTT<+ |y+#>H, #|\T
k>s + ><e] eksTT. |{ |f M{ eT+{ |y +#>H
eT+ sT @s&TT+< eTsT\T #TsT. y+& s+>T +& #&&
qT$+<T #d |\d n< ksTT sT L& +T+~.
qdeT =] u+&+
s> {s|+ eTT&Tq neTu+&+
=]u+&+. jT{ >, n+<T +&
=] sT.. #& | e]+#q\$ <T. \e
e<T\T <e&T =]#TqT |k~+#& qdeTydT\
|>& $Xd+. y] qeT >Zf n~ eTw J$+
mH $<\T> n\TbsTT+~. neds <T+
qdeT T+u\ |<~>... y\eT+~ b~d,
qdeT +sVs+> ud\T+~. s> =] #d
yT\T n+ + <T. eTT<TsT =] H
=] Xs #\s#&yT > JsjT m+ yT\T
#ksTT. eTTK+> s>T\, e<T\
B $T+q { <T .
34
|\d #| ><e] |yV b++ eT+ s +~. V c

XdjTHeT+> >\ sV e\d C #+~q |\d k<sD+> deTT<+
$\d> J$dT+~. #| ><e] es< sT e deTT<+ *d deTjT+
>T&T |&+ d+ ><e] |ydT+~. >T&T |{q sTy eT nsT
H{ ] k>s #sT +{sTT. deTjT+H = #|\
T e\\ sTT.
qB |yV ny>+ > m<T<&+ #| | . e\ |&q y+H #be&+,
s+&T sEH b&e+& +&&+ L& |\d\ $w\D+!
M{ <s # $<+> +T+~. deTT< <>Zs> +& jH+,
qdeT b+ keqT\ n+<TuT M{ <s +T+~. n& <=]
#|\ sT L& =+#+ y. n& qT+& se\b+ MT<T> m<T<T
<eXs+ usJ e< #s d] M{ sT bT <s L& n~]bT+~. @
VsyTH y& y&~ +f sT ue+T+~, |\d #| B _q+> \
+ eTsTH&T +f ny|T +> +T+~. B |\TdTqT b+ ydT\T | +>
#dT+{sT. eT{ H eTk n~, |\TdT |& sT bT dTydq\T
y<\TT+< k eTV\T #TTHsT.
se\b+ eTT+ _s
V<su< _s >T]+ *jT ysT+&sT . s . .. <D
~ sc\
y] n<T sT \T ysTT+# V<su< _s <kV+
e+d|jTT\T +&s+f nXj <T. nTe+{ V<su< _s
d+ eT]|+# _s |dT + eTq H <=sT+~. n< se\b+
+& _s. =+#+ |T... =+#+ s+... m+ eT<q+ +&
_s H{ |T>H yq ]b... sT, |eT ><e] \
#+~q e+d|jTT\qT Hs]k+~.
V @$T sT qs yTeTs nH e+d+ |jTT\ # \T
ysTTk+~. 2005 se\b+ sks+{ |~ +&\
bs+uyTq _s yT| <sD |s>&+ |dT+ n sks+T
B $sTTdTHsTT. se\b+ |]ds b+\ |\bT CrjT
sV<] MT<T> sb\T k+# |jD\T, y{sY yVH\
jTeqT\T d+ _s d+ m>&sT. &e+& sD+> k<sD
sE L& m$T~ <{ #\T +& _s <=s& + wy T . n< ~ys+
nsTT @&T >+\ eTT+< neT\T |PsesTT. |+> jsT
#dq +& _s + |q s+>Ts+>T ||s n+<+> n\+]+
neT\T kksT.
u+>T H
&L s @ s ks +{ nsTTH <=sTT+~. ... u+>T H H\+f
e+ @ b++ es&T$T* y*+<. eTq+ |#<H,
V<syTq yesD $rs \d @ | e++
u+>TH sT L& k~+#e#T. & |s\T> eq ysT
>+\ s& \& eT u+>T H jsT #sTT+#T sT
k~dTHsT.
& e+k eTT\T> d Xu|s, < n\+, y\T*, eTk,
|$T] $TXe\qT *| =~d| +#TsT. s | y<T sT u+>TqT
n&T>Tqs b&e, y| eTd +& q] d<+ #ksT. eTT+<T>
*| +q e+d+ eTT\ $TXe u+>T +|, n&\
u+>T eT eTdksT. |&T u+>TqT |\ MT< dTesT
>+bT \TksT. n+ u+>T H s&. u+>TqT |>T\>={ &q
e+k dT+ HksT.
& $XwyT$T+f u+>T H j qH nd\T
|j+#sT. | y<TsT u+>T |j+#&+ e\
n+<T q sT e+d+ &&
dVjT|&TT+~. &sT d+
$e{ sTT |&
C udt |&
n+THsT.
35
|es+
X 1,2 Xu\ #+~q n+ bNq
u<\ |es+ b+&e\ =+& {.
seT+& 20 MT <s+ >\ sT=+& ysT
|es+ +~. 65 ms\ $ds+ >\ b+&e\ yT
|# |jT, V< s y T q \ eT< |
n+<\qT *d u $T 250 n&T>T\ mT
e+~.
=+& |u>q dTesT 35 ms\ u>+ #<TqT>
+& |s\qT ]d T q ~. s ks b++>
|{+#+<T 1972 yTT<{k] =+&|
|]X<q\T ]>sTT. |]X<q\ <s+>
b+ X 1,2 Xu\ #+~q #] u<seT
b++> >T]+#sT. <T|] 2001` 2002 s+&e
<X e\T ]>sTT. |dT+ b+&e\ =+&
ujT ><e] \ #+~q |eTTK u<+>
ud\T+~.
=+& eT< bNq \+H{ s >TV\T,
=+&|q dT$X\ b+>D+ eT&T |<q bNq
u< \T, X 1e X+ H{ u >s &H eed,
27 yT 30 n&T>T\ mTq 2e X+ ]+q
bNq yT<], bNq \+ H{ T<T |s+,
#\T, se\T, db\T, u< eT >TsTe\
bsH eT+~s+, u< w\ yd >V\T, u<
dHdT\ deyX eT+~s+, ns #+<s+, jTT
s+, #T sks+ >\ bNq u< z{yd b \T,
=+&|q >\ |P\\T yTT<\>Tq$ =+&|
q $Xc\T.
=&e*
36
3e Xu #+~q XyVqT\ \+H{

u<se\T, u<d b \T #]bTq qy eTq
=&e* >eT+ |ksTT. X+Kes+ eT+&\+
=&e* dMT|+ =&e* u<seT+ +~. XyVq
sE\ e]y&q >MT| jTl =&e*
u<se ]+ u<T\ & XjT+
*+#& \Tk+~. =&e* >eT+ u< db
TeT{ *| ]+#sT. k\T db
<q+~> |\TksT. =+&| u<d|+ bT
u<T\
eT V\T nH+ HsTT. d| + #T
|&+ #dq H\T>T |< qT\T HsTT. >&|
b uw sjT&q Xdq+ +~.
37
<TsT
us< X + u<e T+ $s$ + $s*q \+H qdeT
~ePsT u<+ q ksu\ >Tu[++~. <X+ n |sq
b<q \ eT&T u< ~e \qT ~ePsT yTT<{< #]
#T+~. H{ ~ePsT \eT+ H&T <TsT> e]+<
n+THsT. & u<d|+ dTesT 2400 d+es\ +
]yTqT #] \T|+~. eTs #e] nsTTq nX&T |P
271 # d q [ +> j T T< + nq+ s + JeV +d $& H &\
ssTT+#Tq deTjT+H u<d|+ sD+ ]+<
n+THsT. <X+ nX&T q |#s|s+ 84y\ u<db\T
]+#&T. M{ 60 eTV \T>qT, 3 ~e \T>qT $u +#&T.
eT&+{ yTT<{~ <TsT qT, s+&e~ k+qT, eT&e~
ksH<qT ]+#&T.
eT]e
T<+ XsD+ >#$T... <s+ XsD+ >#$T... d+|T+ XsD+
>#$T nH H<+ = y\ d+es\ +< T eT+&\+
eT]e esTy> ~. u<e T+ y| >eT+ eT\ +<+>
+< y\T>T #dTq ydy\qT { nseTeT+~. u<_e\T
$$< s jsT #dq +&\T, b\T & qT+ $<X\
d+ m>TeT #dqT s|eTjT $T bsT({) b++
jT|&+ <s #]sT\T H |{ esL jT|&q
u<|D\ +f n |<~> >e >T]+#sT.
38
39
X+s>T|+ s|t & eT+>+|*

sT><e] eT*|s+ eT+&\+ n< >eT+. |sT X+s>T|+. >eT+ qT+& s d+^+
DeTT+, >q >+<s, |<uwDY, |<$uwDY e+{ nTq |sks +& ||+#ksTT u*jTsY
|sks d+ n+<Tq &sY eT+>+|* u\eTTs w +#sT.
|e |>H |]eT[dT+<. n< $<+> u\eTTsw q 12e d+es+H 800 d+sq\ uD\T
deTLs&yT +& qd+V usD nH s> dw+ n|{ us |< dZjT |.$. qsd+Vse #T\ MT<T>
s> $w]+|#dq eTVAq e u\eTTs. s d+^ $<+dT> us<X+H +& nH s
<X d+ #\T sV+ <X, $<X jTe]{\ qT+& nH &sT n+<Tq |TqT&T u\eTTs.
$jTy& d+^ X\ yTT<{ |b> |#d jTq .$. njTsY e+{ |eTTK <s\ \ d+^
<s+ eV+#sT. u\eTTs[ u|V< de Hs<T> q{+ qq L& |yX+ b+<sT. VQeTTK
|CX* nsTTq u\eTTs wq T sTeT\ sT| <ekq+ ysT XX kq $<+dT> jT$T+#Te&+ X+s> T |+
>e +& sT><e] >ssD+.
u\eTTs u\ J$ |]o*d... 1930 p, 6q X+s> T |+ =* @< |s ~Hq |{_s eTjT, ds++
<+|T\ +#sT. +& |{_seTjT ej*H {#sY> |#jT&+, |j> s+<dT d+^ $<+dT\T
e&+ jTqqT d+^ bsX\ #ssT. |< @H d+^ # #dq |Tq u\eTTs~.
40
41
eekjT, k+d, kV, ybs s+>\ n>>$T> y\T>=+<TTq sT><e] <X b]X$T |+ n>u>
<dTb+~. H& b]X$T y& .m+.sY sTT ]|q, |esY b+ bT y\ |T&T\ skjTq |]XeT\T, n<+
|]XeT\T sqTHsTT. |{ .m+.sY. mq *$Tf&, .$.. |esY *$Tf&, .$.. +&ddt, ]\jTH +&ddt, ]\jTH HbdsY *$Tf&,
sTTsY mq +&j | *$Tf&, u>q>sY >dt *$Tf&, .|.sY. |]sY *$Tf&, qeusY y+#sY, dyT |esY qswH *$Tf& (=eTs]
>eT+) |esY b+T HsTT. + >dt <] |]XeT\T nH+ sqTHsTT. rs b++ z.mH.J.d. bT >TsY |{*jT+ sswH,
sTTsY mq e+{ d+d\T #eTTsT, dVyjTTe\ b\qT y* rdTHsTT. |{ es ~ +<||sY $T *$Tf&, H&
H>sTq |]sY n+& $T *$Tf&, seT+& +swq *$Tf&, #\sT, keTs, H&, VQdH|s+, eT+&|, <s|P&
~s b+\ e&T qT+& qH rd s>s\T, H& j& b+T #|<>Z |]XeT\T. T, ~yH #sTe b+\
J&|\ bdd+> jTT, &jT+, <s|P&\ ||sT$T\T\T, |<|s+ b]X$T b++ s ds$T, m&_ s&T besTT
b #|<>Z |]XeT\T> u$+#e#T. b]X$T |> sqTq \+ {~ sbjT\ ejT+ eT] u |]XeT\T
k|+#&& WV b]X$Ty\T d<eTTHsT. H& mdt..C& bT d ]&sY, H& ss n#T|s+, eTes+\
@sT #dTq b]X$T bsT\T, |<|s+ +&djT @]j z]jT+{ ds$T b, u k+ |]Cq+ sb+~q sdT$T\T\T,
qdeT b++ =] bdd+> jT{, @ ssT bdd+> jTT L& u$wY b]X$T+> \b eV+#qTHsTT.
H& se
<X+ sTrs+ se\ H& z&se |Ps+ qT+& |d~>+q~. sh+ $XK|+
u bsT s H& bs |<~. H& deTT<rs+ q~ be&+ |< H\T &T
dMTb se& M\T<T. B &T eT&Tqs MTs <s+ H\T *| + q
|&e\T n& y[ dsTqT &T #sTksTT. B j+sC bsT> |\TksT. |&T q
q |&e\ <s &T qT+& H e< y[ dsT rdTe# |<T # esT\T e#sTT.
q |&e\T kH d\T u\T e#sTT.
&|t ysY bsT

H\T HsT > &Tq ]+q b{
b + e< *| +#+<T < +q &|yt sY bsT sD
1991 #|{sT. ~ j+sJ bsT dMT|+ +~. dj n_e~ u+ TTD+
sD 1996 |P] #ksT. H\T HsT> &T #s& deTT<+ |\ qT+& 3.3 MT
<s+ &T esL 40 n&T>T\ Tq dTesT 400 n&T>T\ y&\T #qqT ysT.
#q <s H\T HsT> &Tq q b{b+ e< e *# neX+ @s&+~. 1999 =
bsTqT H& dbsY |y{ *$Tf& nH +| |uT+ n|++~. B+ B s|sK
|P]> e]bjsTT. u H\ d++~+ w|t T w|t |s wH <s {~ sbjT\ ybs+
s>T+~. sh, <X, $<o yD+ H& bsT\ <s | >T]+| e+~. bsT
ks + H& |]ds b+ {~ sbjT\ ejT+ nH |]XeT\T e#sTT. u$ wT

eT] u |]XeT\T @sT #jT& & b]X$Ty\T, $<o +|\T d+d<+> HsTT.
42
43
sT><e] | jsq eT+<T\T &sY, u<H< e+{ ~>ZC* &=, n| T,

n+srjT es{ d+ <dTbTq +\sT bsd $jT+, q{ qsTb usrjT yTHCyT+{ n<T+.
#<\T|{q | >+<\L, y<UeTDT\ n<\ ns\L |]$TyTbsTTq jTTs< +{+{ |]#jT+ #dq
|T q +\sT y]<. |& Ww< \T <X< X \ m>TeT neTHsTT. m$T<qs <Xu\ H{ n# \T>T jTTs<
u+& y+fXs bsd.
~uw+ y+fXsT +& <>Zs jTTs<+ nud+#sT. bNq >+<\T #<TeHsT. eT** >T]+#&+
\TdTHsT. eT+<T\ j yT\e\T >V +#sT. =~\+H Vdy d q y< T &> |sT#T HsT. q\ue T&
ejTdT Ww<\T j MT< <w k]+#\ ssTT+#THsT. \+H 1925 \eTsT eT+&\+ +\sT
>eT+ y+fXs jTTs< \jT+ k|+#sT.
HD |<|
1949 y+fXsT eTsD+, dsHsjTDeT] u<\T d]+#sT. jTq Vj+H jTTs< \jT+
|y{ *$Tf&> e]+~. HsjTDeT] <TsD b<q$T#sT. s d]|& ds|s |+#& jT+*
|j+#sT. n n d+|<jT |<T* |P]> e~*|<T. b=* yT$+#sT. lseTeT] eT&s+
sVD yTT<+~. jTq HjT+ {sesT #sT+~.
jTTs< \jT+ m+& lseTeT] >~ n&T>T|>H *{

|dt... dt... |sYmesY nq e\T |ksTT. d+d $jT sVd+
L& n<. bD+ *| eT+<T y{ j $<H bDdeq+>
#dTy\q~ eek|\ \+ qT+N b{dTq d+.
|&T 5 XK\ bs+uyTq y+fXs bsd |dT+ 215 XK\THsTT. |uT nqTeT k++> ]dsY
n+& &e\|tyT+{ $+> (sY n+& &) @sT #dT=HsT. Ww<\ HDqT eTT+<T> & |+q s es{
$&T<\ #ksT. sw+ n<T V+>T\ yTj\J us q jTTs< d+d <=f. jTTs< s+>+
|f+T k~+q d+d eTs={ <T. +<|<X mdtz d]|{ b+~q yTTyTT<{ jTTs< +| L& <.
jTTs< \j bs+_+q =*sE +\sT m+{

|\ >eT+. dsq <]<T. bk|dT <T. d ks\T
e. |sT z }sT +<q d+> L& #eT+~ *jT<T.
| ||+#|+ |yTq >T]+|qT rdT=+~ y+fXs bsd.
y+fXsT nsTTH, jTq ysdTH k+ }] n_e~ $wjT+ eT
u<qT m|& eTsb<T. +\sTbT, #TT|\ >e\
y] +> y<+ #dTHsT. n+<] jTTs<+... jTTs<+
s>+... < y] H<+.
jTTs< Ww< #eqbX # s +~. 1998 +< $X$<\jT skjTqXd $u>~|

mdt.kyTXsse <Xy|+> $$< d+d\T #dTq #eqbX V\qT |+, jTTs< \jT+ jsT
#d+< Xw+> +< >T]+#sT. y+fXs jTTs< \jT+ d<eTs<+, |Ps#+<<jT+, ed+ dTes+
~s Ww<\ j m+ |sT #T+~.
44
45
#T mq =+&\T.. <y T q #T... | \ \sy\T #&eTT#>

*+\T |{+# V<syTq yesD+... e \udq eTV<TsZ+
seT<TsZ+. #] n+< kH =+&| HsTT. sT qTeT\
q&TeT mq =+&| eq #] <TsZ+ >T]+ #eT+~ *jT<T.
n<TyTq s \T & HsTT. <M|+ eT+&\+ H\ dMT|+
seT<TsZ+ +~. | seTDjT <X\ \jT+> q b+
#sTy\+f $T* XeT |&*+<. seT<TsZ+ #sTy\+f dTesT eT&T
e+<\ yTT m*. sTy y>T\T e+\T ydq *uf <&
<s+. #\ >*, V<syTq yesD+, seTDjTyTq | <X\T
seT<TsZ+ b+ #]q y] kksTT. @{ lseTqe$T bT
eTTKyTq y&T\T seT<TsZ+ sT>TT+{sTT.
=+& MT< s =\qT $+> +T+~. syT dTesT
m$T~ n&T>T\ T +& =\qT sT # eT<Ts+> +{sTT.
m e+<\ eT+~ kH\T #dH m+ sT +<T+ &H @e+ s> < T .
+ |< =+&| =\qT +&+ # Xs+> +T+~. =+&|
eT&T <Xu\ |> +]> ydeTTq k<T e yTT<{ n& \jT+H
+&ysT. =+&| qT+ |< =+& *u e+~. < >T+&
dTesT s +&T MTsT q&d | #s eTT. |< =+&H seT<Ts+Z n+{sT.
=+& m&+ L& m+ XeT L&Tq<. #T NeT\T |{q |\T,
eT<eT< s+&\T <{ |Ks #s*. ~ed q |<
>&, < d+V<s+ eTq k>+ |\TsTT.
>es+ qT+& +<TLsT |

MT<T> dTesT 15 MT
<s+ <M|+ eT+&\+
seT<TsZ+ +~. seT+&
qT+& |sTc|+ y <]
L& seT<TsZ+ #sTe#T.
46
n~ <{ | y[ n& yT<] +T+~. u eTs s+&T |s+>T\T

m n& yDT>b\ k$T >T& +T+~. >T& | H q q s |yT &
|] +{sTT. #&& mesH q|\\T &TqT |] +{sTT. d|
d+H\ >T& & + {. d+q+ ysT & e yDT>b\T <]+#T=
n >T& {qT s |s+ bNqT\ $Xd+. >T& qT s+&T s
|V\T ~\ <X HsTT. #T|qT =\+#T y{ |\ |yd |\
s+&T $X\yTq V\T e+{ ><T\T HsTT. y{ #T L& s bs\T
HsTT. M{ |y +#& H\T>Ty| <s\T L& HsTT. & dTesT
s+&T e+<\ >C\ <s+ s| s+&T >T+\T HsTT. M{ |#HsT,
msT| HsT n |\TksT. + @$T+f +<T m bdH \ +&e.
|> >T+ bd n$ |#> e]bsTT. B qTH <TsZ+ n+#T
+T+~. n+#T y+ s |V ujT+ >=*| $<+> +T+~. n+ mTq,
n+ esq s m rdTys, m {s Xs+ *dT+~.
>&\T @ \+ H{eH |X de<q+ <T. 11e X+ s|TT<e|s
b*+q >|T\ \+H{<, y] d++~+q sVd eT+~s\T> <TsZ
]+#THs #TTHsT. |sT seT<TsZyT nsTTH | =\Teq~ l
yDT>b\k$T. +< =+&| se\jT+ +&~. lw<esjT\T <D<X
<+&j eq|&T ><e] |<X+H <{&, =+&\ nqTbqT\T
>eT+ mq =+&| <TsZ+ ]d sD #s\ ue+T+< u$+ <TsZ+
]+#s |#s+ +~. | |$T\, #] n_eqT\ ~ n<TyTq
|<X+. e+|\T ]q ><e] n+<\T #&\+f =+&| qT+# #&*. n+<\T
+~+# seTes| e =+&| qT+& #&&+ >=| nqTudT+~.
47
n\] dseTsE
bd k+|
seTsE qH{ b{
_{wt keC >&>&&+q eTq+ MsT&T... _{wt <=s\ >&\ m<Ts=& bs&q
$|eC eTq nZ|&T>T n\] dseTsE. \<=s\ ud d+ qT+ eTq+ydT\
$eTT d+ m&> bsT d*|q eTVjTT&T n+<] eTqdT sksTT> *bj&T.
bsTu m c\T m<TsH @e+ yse <e \+> | rdT&T.
eTVMsT& ><e] \ mq nqT+<+ +~. jTq <eT |< ;C\T |&+~
eTq seTV+<es+H.
sE k+ }sT |eT><e] y>\T. 1897 p 5q $XK b+&+
dseTsE +#&T. seTsE 1904 qT+ 1910 esL seT+& 6e s> esL
#<T eH&T. 1911 seT#+<| s+ CrjT bsX \ 7e >s , 1912 H& |.sY. bsX \
8e s>, 1913 $XK|+ @$mdt q bsX\, qsk|s+ f\sY d\T 9e
s>, 1914`15 T d+d +, Cw XdeTT, Vsj>eTT, $\T$<, >Ts|k
HsT H&T. 1915`17 esL s < X j\T #d nq+s+ ><e]`$XK eTq+ |y +#&T.
seTsE +& y+seTsE |eT><e] DT d&j q&T|T+&y&T.
n& ] |]d u> $TT\ d#q yTs 1902 seTV+~ e#X&T. dT|
Ey~ y] <TD\ deTT<jT+ d&j es&T. seTsE |< ejTdT sE
+& ><e] rs y&T. deTjT+ _{wt <=s nT> >Ts+| edT+&> ><e]
rs wsT eq ys+ \& <=s e+<q+ #jT&+ yTT<\T |{sT. y]
#d seTsE L& <=s qeTks+ #X&T. n~ #dq seTsE +& re >V+ e+
#d \< =s\ \qT seTsE $e]+ eT+<*+#&T. d+|T qH seTsE eTqdT
\y] | esue+ yTT<+~. yT| y] >&\qT s #dq n\], y] qT+
$eTT d+ bs{ d<eTj&T.
48
1922 qe] qT+& 1924 yT esL <<| 27 H\\T seTsE k+q $|e+ +<|<X
k+ #] |<q |TyT+~. jTq k+q $|e+ $XK, sT><e] \
|]$TyTH, n|{ s$ nd$T+# _{wt |uT >&>&&++~. dVjT ssD
<eT+ +f n\] $|eyT _{wt |uT eD++~. u\+ #dq |\T d+|Tq
jTq <Xu s* $|e sj\ y| ]T& #XsTT. >+BJ nV+k esZ
es+q seTsE _{wt b\\qT <X+ qT+& ]$TyjT& $|y<eTyT dsq esZeT
qe&T. *jTHyu> <++ >T]+ $ #*+bsTTq jTq 1921 |eTu+>
+> n&e\ y[ u+> $|esT\ deyXeTj&T. nq+s+ $XK >&+
n&e\qT kes+> m+#T $|y <e bs+_+#&T. +|* V dsT udj
T H, zesYdd t
< d+q+ | n\qT m<Ts=H+<T seTsE ]qT\qT dMT]+#&T.
$|e sT&> e]q sE seTsE +& dVT&q |E

UH b\es+ &| { s >Y
| #dysT. seTsEqT $|eesZ+ qT+& |+#+<T n&r>\ dMT|+ |&| 30
ms\ u$T eekjT+ #dTeT |+#sT. deTjT+ *, ue, eTT& seTsE
=+\+ n& >&b&T. 1922 pH |EUH eT #+< seTsE $|e se\T
] bs+ueTjsTT. _{wt y]| bs{ jTT<\T eTTKeT u$+q seTsE
$Ts|jT bdT\ <s eTT+<T>H V#]+ bdtdwH| <&T\T #dy&T. 1923 >w
22q +|* bdTdwH|, >w 24q sy=eT+ dwH| q nqT#sT\ <& #X&T.
$&T<\ $wj <X+ |\ | o] sXsTT. sE |sT <XeT+{ esTy+~.
_{wt |uT | + jsq dseTsEqT \T#T+fH yqT #*|f~.
dseTsEqT |{+q, # *|H |~y\ sbjT\T VQeT keT |uT+
|{++~. sEqT |TH+<T @ >Ts&T qT+ +|* esL u mTq
dH ~+|+~. &dH, wdt, VyT, dsY, feTH nH d~sT\qT jT$T+ sEqT
+~+# u< n|++~.
sE nsT 16q n&r>\ bdT dwH| <& #X&T. eTT+<T> TsT |+| #dq
<& m<Ts=H+<T |uT + |jT ++~. +<T n<q| dH s b+\ |+|+~.
|sT ydq |+CT #+~q $|e j<T&T |Bd+>qT |uT+ +~+ seT+&
d+C\T rdTe+~. sE C\T| <&#d $&T<\ #jTqTH& |sT y|+#sTT.
|uT+ C\T #T u<qT T~+ #d+~. d+|Tq sE n+f _{w |uTq
<&q T *jTCdT + ~. nq+s+ 1924, yT 6q sE s+| qT de#s+ \TdTq |uT +
n& bdT\qT |+|+~. n\esY HjTT&T nH d~] sEqT +~+#&T. n& yT<sTqT
sEqT * #+b*+~> yTsY >& nH _{w d~] n<+#&T. nqT sE uT+|
&T. nq+s+ >& sEqT * #+b&T. $<+> _{wt >T+& TbqT dw+q
$|eMsT&T dseTsE H\=]>&T.
l n\] lseTsE >] de~
_{wtysT n\] dseTsE q |&|>eT+ 50 ms\

u$T s]d jTq d+ <d] yd sTTq K
Tb {\
H\=]q n\]
(b+)
49
dw eT\yTq >H eTsT\qT dw+ qqT

|]DjTe&eq s>, n+<T V, $we\T n+^]+#
be# X+sT s> eT&eHeTTqT, q X\qT q eXeTT
#dq# n+<T n+^]+#<q *|qT. e\ >H
n+^]+ q X\ bT eT&e HeTTqT X+sT eXeTT
#dq+H X+sT&T >HqT udeTT #dq. n+ udeTTqT
H\T>T u>eTT\T #d eT&T u>eTT\qT dsd, \<$, bs>
qT b+~q X |u eeTT# dw+ #qT. $T*q H\Ze u>eTTqT eTs
101 u>eTT\T> #d y{ bD+ bd sD = >eTeTTq
= <e >eT sD >$+#eq <+#q. n |seTe&T
<+q <e H&T >eT<e\T> |r >eT+q y*dHs.
n y\dq ys q\eT, bse T, de T, XeT\eT, eTT\eT,
eT~ >seT, yTT< =+&eT, HseT, eT]&eT, |\eT ~s
<e\T> 101 eT+~ n#\T <$+Hs. l eTV$we
Ms+<] eTT&T> bTsE nH HeT+ <$+#q. n|{
qT+&jT = b+ = >eT<e y\d >eTd+sD
sy T
{ dH u<+ |T nVs+... n]{ <H sT... eT{ b eT{ bjT\|

e+&q Vs |<s\... ns{ &=|\ +#+ uq+... $+<T @< =+#+ =>... d+ $+>
n|dT+<....! <+ = <T. e eTq >\| dT... =<q+ yE H>] de+
eTq+ d+|<jT edTe\ y& $d]+ |e<syTq bd edTe\qT y&T nT |sesD,
T >T\ #dT+TH+. nsTT se eT+&\+ #=\+| deTT<rs b++ q z |yT
n~ >V+ d+|<jT edTe \qT $jdTH sT. eT n~> V e# j\ &> &
#+T n+~d nbjT L&q k>+ n+~dTH sT. n+<T &y] d+|<jT+> +eT
uT |{ V+#&+ & |. e+ #jT& L& eT{ bsTT\T, eT{ b\H |jd
eT]bsTTq e<T s\qT eT eTq #|dT H sT. d+|<jT $+<T MsT j\ = nqTu
*dTHsT.
>eT b*yTs + >e <TwX \
u] qT+ b& sd T H s. |r d+es+
b\TZD X< neyd esL |rsp s >eT d+sDsyT <e\T q
|s|yTq >s>\T> y[ m>TeT+ ~>>TeT+> yS @yTH <j\Tù\T
|+q# eT eTT&q bTsE n|+ eks.
50
q n q n|#|q <TwX\qT bTsE u]&T (e~>y&T) n|+

ek&
. n n|+q <\qT u]&T eTs\ >eT b*yTs rdT [ ~><T &T|\qT
e~* edT+{&. ~ nH~> edTq #s+> H&T |\jT+<T ` |D\jT+<T
L& |Ps| d+|<jT<+> #]d edTHsT.
51
y<+ |Tw+# ><e]... n d $ e]+qT>, ><e] |se y<\qT |TwksTT. nTe+{

><e] qT q eTTK+> qdeT b++ |\T >e |sD\+ qT+ H{ esL @<
# y<|Tw esTy>TH +T+~. \+ e]H, |{ y<\T nud+, y{ <y\j\ e<
|]+#ysT m+<s HsT. y<\q>H qdeT eTT+<T> >TsT e# >eT+ |. >qes+ eT+&\+ eTT+>+&.
eTTqT\T TTwXsT\T d+#]+# b+ |&T eTT>+& n |*#ys. |s|s+ d+kq |]~
eTT+>+& >eT+ eTTqT\T d+#]d |dT #dTHys |P\T #TT+{sT. H eTT>+& sqTsqT
y&T eTT+>+&> e]+~. eTT+>+& >eT+ y<\ |{\T. CeTV ]+q yTT> keC~H
cVH #e] kq |+&T&q >H< |+&sjTT\~ eTT+>+& >eTyT. d+d $<+dT> jTq
CrjTksTT |sTb+<sT. n|{ >eT+ m+eT+~ y<| + &T \ y<| T w |yT + < #] #T+~.
H{ cVH \+ qT+& H{ es >e #+~q m+eT+~ y<\qT nebdq |{ >e eH #sT.
52
eTT+>+& bT neT|s+ eT+&\+ |ssT L&

y<|+&T\ >eT+> |sT>++~. $TH&T #+~q
<$& uVDT\T & e dsyd+ @sT
#dT HsT. | &T >e |eT\sT n |\Te>
\yTD |ssT> e]+~. >e #+~q
m+eT+~ |+&T\T y<bsjTD |THb\T>
|s=+<sT. >e #+~q ~e+> >+{ dTjT
BT\T, >+{ mskeTjE\T y<|+&T\T> |d~
#+<sT. n> u$* >e #+~q ~e+> eT+&
y+Xd , T\TdT n|qXd\T |U y<|+&T\T.
se\b+ eT+&\+ b&>|* L& y<|+&T\
>eT+> |s T >++~. >e # + ~q | & | ]
dTVDXd y<| + &T > >T]+| b+<sT. n+uJ|
eT+&\+ sTdTeT+& #+~q <TeP] dsXs |THb]
sTeT\ sT| <ekq+ y<$< |~]>
de\+~dTHsT. eTTeT\ #+~q <TeP] |DXs
qdeT y<bsX\ D~]> de\+~dTHsT.
nsTTq$* eT+&\+ H<TqsT #+~q jTqeT+&
|THb] ysT y<|+&T\T> |sT|UT\T >&+
qdeT eH #sT.
53
|Psq #dTq |D qq\ &T+{jTq #+<q @H&T @ |D+ #dT+< u$T| < eH\T $ssTT. eTVqTue\T
}] ne]+#sT. m+ |D+ #d nTe+{ # |sH HqT& + #d >eTeT+ dT_+> +&&+ $Xw+. <X+ q\TeT\
< d+<X\qT n+~dTq lll <+& leTHsjTD JjTsY k$T, lll |]jTsY JjTsY kMTJ\T +q |Dd\+ nseTsT >eT+.
>eT+ \<$ =\Te r]+< nH b+eT+ dT_+> +T+~. 1956 qe+sY, 3q y+{#], n*y\T eT+>jsT <+|T\ qJjTsY
k$T +#sT. jTq leTHsjTD seqTC#] n HeTsD
+ #ksT. jTq $<ud+ seT+& >MT $<|s+ ]+~. q ejTdTH
+& &+ T+ us+ jTq| |&+~. <+ shy|+> < |e#H\T #dT+& q >sT nsTTq |<JjTsY k$T e< dVjT>
#ssT. jTq < |w\+> +&&+ |<JjTsY k$T y+ |s{+# neX+ *+~. 1975 V<su< sV+q k<jTq
CqjT+ <s q JjTsY k$T < $wj\ yTe\T HsTHsT. 1979 |<JjTsY k$T |seT|~+#&+ >TsT<e\ os<+ yTs
22 d+es\ ejTdT qJjTsY u<\qT d]+#sT. $ds+>D <s mH dyse\qT sVd ~ydT\T +& b+ XeT
bsX\\T @sT #d <sbjTT\jsT.
54
55
b&`=|* #H C+< Ns m+ bNq Vd H|D+ q&TT+~.

eT>Z+ kjT+ jsT #d y+&, +>sT C+< Ns\ |yTq >T]+| +~.
]\ <w n<+|f C+< Ns\qT n|{ |s|s+, u_*, y+],
qM&T, >Ts eTVsE\ us\ ysT ]q $<+> jsT#dysT.
|&T>T, |\ \sTT n#T>T~qT s+&Ty| $<+> |+# &CH +&
$<H C+< n+{sT. Ns\ H n&T, \Te |T <s\qT, &Cq d#yTq
|j + mTe+{ jT+\ dV jT+ +& e\+ eT>Z\| # <s nsT<q
&CqqT dw+#&+ C+< $w. eTT+<T >|t+ MT< &CqT yd m #T\T,
n+#T\T ekj =qT>\T<sT\ $e]ksT. y] w|s+ +>s+, y+& r>\T,
y&T Ns jsT #ksT. C+< Ns\ deT+ #sy| qT+ H&
$dTsT+... <qT>TD+> T{\T (&CqT) neTsTy*. Ns *bs n+
*> +T+~. & C+< Ns\ <X, $<X m+ &e+& +~. dqT\
qT+ |\TesT |eTTKT\T C+< Ns\ =qT>\T| d #|THsT.
C+< Ns\ j L& ne\< eTTKb n+f nXj <T. <X $<X\
UH]+q C+< Ns\ j =|* eT+&\+ eTV\T eT H|D+
|<] dTH sT. b&, =| * , eT\|, nMTHu<, y|, T&$T* ~s >e
H ]\T n~+> HsT. C+< Ns\ j <++ ne\ #sTT|&+<
||P]<T. eTV\ H|D+ C+< Ns {qT dT+~. 5 d+es\
u*\ qT+ 60 d+es\ e<T\ es Ns\ j eT>yT m+ X$TksT. Ns\
j m+ neds+. |&T>T j qT+ Ns Hd es eTV\T n
$wjq u>keTT.
56
C+< Ns neTTKyTq ~ &CH j sT #jT &+. B #T\T rjT&+ n+{sT.

|jT = eT>Z <] qT+ eTT>TZsT eTV\T nedseTesT. eT>Z
sTy| <sT LsT d++~ &CH\ nqTe> s+ e#$<+> b>T\
q u+&q T #T\T rksT . = Ns j = esTd 50 qT+ 150 u+&Te s
|j+ #T\T rksT. #T\T rd|&T b>T\T b+& C>
eV+#&+ bT &CH <q+& #dT+ +&*. eT>+Z | H\T>T Ns\T d]|&
b&e ( |&T >T) j sj eTs |&T >T yjT & s +&+{ \|& n#T n& +
n+{sT. = n#T n& <sT eTV\T s+ |#j* +T+~.
n#T n n\T |{ u+&#T{ eT>Z+| HksT. |T|& (<s| +&) $&> $&Bd
< +&\T> #T&sT. B d+ s+ |jksT. |+> jsT #dq eT&T
s +<T\ q\TqT *+ s+ e& y{ +&\T> #T{ eT>+Z | Ns\T HjT &
|jksT. C+< Ns j \qT rdT s+&T\\T *| |&T>T>
(H\T>T Ns\ d]|&) n+#TqT jsT #ksT. &CH\T Ns $\TeqT { Ns\
n+#T\ d<+ #ksT. u+&#+ s+ +& dT #T&sT. C+<
Ns\ j n#T n&+, dT&&+, q\Te&&+, #T\TrjT&+ e+{ n
|qT m+ H|D+ |dT+~.
57
Bbe[ uDd+# |sT #|>H y+H $TH&T e >TsT

se&+ dV +. nsTT sT><e] L& < rdb Xu\T>
uDd+# jsT #k+~. yb+, E$b&T, =eT]b+,
<seT+ +<\T> uDd+# j sT>T+~. & qT+ <X+
|\T b+\ uDd+# m>TeT sT>TT+~. uDd+# j
yb+ <X+ eT+ U >&++~. & dTesT 70
d+es\ |> uDd+# jsT #dTHsT. $$< b+\
+& sh+ nH |<q q>s\, |D\ uDd+# & qT+&
ds|s neT+~. sh s< |eTTKT\ Xus\,
$yV\ d+ uDd+# & qT+& yT+~. n++& sh+
nH |D\ sTH, Cs\ d+ uDd+# & qT+& y
T+~. B sT eo\ |.
58
ueT\+feTT#|& ysT+&sT. HsT\ qT+ |<\ esL

ueT\+f n+<] wyT. Te+{ ueT\ |sT #|>H >TsT=#$
=+&|*, @{=b. nsTT +{ U q }sT sT><e]
L& { +<+f XsyT... q+<sT eT+&\+ z
esT eT\ >eTyT b={+. <Xu\ \+ qT+& >eT+
ysT ueT\ jjT <s+> J$dTHsT. & jsT #dq
=jT ueT\ dsq es{ d<TbjT+ @{=b qT+ e#
ybsT\ M{ $sTTksT & j<sT\T. B+ b={+
sT\T Je+ bdq ueT\T L& @{=b ueT\T>H |sT
b+<TTHsTT. <X+ m& Vd|<sq\T ]H b={+
sT\T bZ+{sT. n+ +& j b+ @sT #d
Vd |<sq udtk d]|T L& b+~q <K\T =\\T.
59
60
61
62
y| deTT<+... eT&T y| ><e~ qBbjT\T.. >\>\ bs d\jTsT... mT #dH |# yN\T |]qT+& e]#\T... * >]+|
$X\deTT<rs+... >\>\ bs ><] s>\T... yH yT]d dT H\T... y{ eT< dTs+> k> s#| |&e\T... e+| k+|\ \\T... y{
y+&dTqT q\{ sTs&T... u\sTy| $> * \\| k<s+> V+# =]#T.. n&T>&T>TH #] |d~ >+q bNq
<y\j\T... | seTDjT qdeT n+<\qT ~>TD+ #d $Xc\T mH! b~d+ bD\ + yk+# eTsT\ Jeq+...
+<|<XqT nq|Ps> e]q nq<\ Vs+, eekjT L\ Cq|<+, w&T#T\ =\TeB]q <+ qdeT |s\ eT~ \\+
eT<Tsd> *bT+~. | n+<\ H\yq deT, u\dsZ+.
63
m+ <s+...
@ s+ \|{H eTT+<T> $HjT |Pd s+ ]|T+> HsysTT+< u\ $Xd+. $|\T =\+#
k$T> nsTTq$* $HjT&T |d~ #+<&T.qdeT |# =] # kjT>\ n\ss nsTTq$* H\= q l
d~$HjT \jT+ m+ #] U #+~q~.
seT+& ($eHXjT+) 70 .MT.

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56 .MT.
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112 .MT.
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se\T e #{ #TTq~. $|TXs\jT+ |H nq|Ps<$ |w+# &+~. b\&>T l \usek$T
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|+#jTq +. n |sqyTq <y\j =\T <e\T ]+#s |<\ e. \yTD \jT |q]sD\T,
n_e~ |<|s+ d+kHBX\T sV+#ysT. |dT+ \jT+ <y<jTXK nBq+ +~.
|+ Xy>eT |s+ dVk~eTT\T> H] |<eTT\ n_w\T sT| & | $XweTT. u\
s\T o|T+> HsysT k$T | nbseTT. \jT+ @<X sT<_weTT, eTVHd n_weTT, \|TTHd
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<T\qT, $HjT#$ eT]jTT >D| qesT\T, ed+, eTVes |s~H\ | |P\T sVksT.
d++ sE |u\ e+ & |+.
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64
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nsTTq$* eT+&\+ >MT ><e] &Tq k lseTT# |w ]qT l eTT +D

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q eeT>] y&T =q> >MT q~ kqeTT #d, rs+ C]+>eTTqT |w+ |d T #jT eT, jTT>eTTq
lseTT&T, d\DT\ e <sq$Tq|&T e eTTs\Te>T<Te #b&T. n~ yTT<\T yT C]+>
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|jDd+&>, |<X+ $eq+ <\, +< ~ eqeTT\+<T y<T>, C]+> d~ |e#]+#T#Tq
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Msu<T X++|CjTT, ~|sX c&X\ u< sbq eD s| q>
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66
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T
112 .MT.
eTT$T&es+ bu$T. y<|+&T\T, eTTXsT\T +#&+ b+ |
@s&+~. es e+<+f eTT$T&es+ d+<& d+<&. es eTsTH&T ]> l
u\j^XsT\ rs <X+ q\TeT\\ qT+ u\T s*eksT. eTT$T&es+
u\j^XsT\T ss|dT #XsT. eTT$T& es+ <[y& eekjT+ #dT
J$+# {<\ >+>jT, seTeT <+|T\ 1930 nsT 23q u\T&T +#&T.
n dTuse n HeTsD+ #XsT. * eTsD+#&+ yTq dTujTeT u\T&
|++~. n& |< u\j. 1941 qe+sT, 3q >+>jT eT&e us u\T&T
+#&T. n uwD+ n |sT |{sT. n& q u\j, dTuse |<e @ es
b\ >&| s |Xe\ |]> |#X&T. eTT$T&es+ ]> \+\eT
rs+ w&T, Hs<T&T q |{ = sp |P\T #dy&T. $ >$+<se
#+~q =] wH eT+ d]d 1946 pH 22q |d T bs+_+#sT. nq+s+ H\T>T
d+es\ n+f 1950 e] 26q qu\j L& |d T bs+_+#sT. M] <]+#+<T
n~ d+K u\T edT+& ysT. B u\j |dT nes<+ @s&+, ]fsY
mC HdsY yd+ dsE u\j e{& q eT+~s + yjTeT ]qT
k\T #TsT. q |s+|s q q e]<, q |dT u+>+ *+#e<
jTq ]qT ysT #TsT. 1985 p, 19q |<u\j, 1991 nsT 28q qu\j
e\d~ b+<sT. n& ]+q de<T\qT u\T H{ <]dH +{sT.
68
69
eTkeTsk \jT+> |sT >+q *jTT> <e + =\

+
euu <sZ D+ |#sD+ u\ &T+~.
\eT\ seT+ T\T <dTH ysT d+ b++
k<sue+ yT\>&+ <sZ $w. \, eT\ nr+>
n+<s *d uuqT <]+#Te&+ uu <sZ q |.
uu <sZ <]+ de~ e+s s|+ +& uu nd\T |sT VsY djT<
nV<cU<sY e uu. jTq m&, m|&T |{s dw+>
*jTbsTTH 175 @ J$+ dJe de~ b+~ u>e+T>
|P\+<T+THsT. eTT$T&es+ eT+&\ +< 3 MT\
<s+ q euu dJe de~ >T]+ <sZ sV\T #|q
$es\ |s+ =\+ uu> |s=+~q jTq~ qZ+&
u|*. uu sE ~>+s+> +&Xs+ dMT|+ >MT
><e] #+q sT>T =\+ #+~q ><\ y+s+,
>$+<sE\T, >TsejT\ |+#sT. uu ~e dTqT #dq
MsT jTqqT #sB d |P+#&+ bs+_+#sT. nsTT m|{qT+&
d+q+ +bTq >$+<sE\ <+|T\ uu s
d+q+ \>&+ jTq| eT]+ u uy |+#THsT. uu
eTVeT\T ={> jT|&& + eTT$T&es+ |]ds b++
uu |sT esbsTT+~.
70
uu eTVeT\T s #d+<T |]ds b+\ qT+&

u\T s*e <]+#THysT. nsTT n+<] uu <sq+
\_+#~<, mes q| |P] $Xd+ eks y] eyT
|+#ys sV\T #TTHsT. H{ uu eTVeT\|
b+ydT\ nbs qeT+. ><e] q~ n]{| *j&
ys, deTjT+ yssT b+ u\ |+ Xs
>T]#dys u \
T #TTHsT. uu eTVeT\qT djT+> #dq
ysT |{ & nH b+ J$+ +&+ $Xw+.
m+ <s+...
dTesT 175 @ J$+q uu 1948 qe], 22q =\+

>eT+ dJe de~ y[bjsT. n|{ qT+& |jT{
uu sTdT y\qT sVd+ &&+ , y\ y\ d+K
u\T s*se&+ $Xw+.

seT+&
73 .MT.
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48 .MT.
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18 .MT.
se\b+
40 .MT.
T
115 .MT.
71
dT$X\ rs+... yqjTqB bjT k>s d+>eT b++... dT+<s rs+... #\<q+ n+~+# dsT>T&T \T. < >eT+
+<+> deTT< y[ #|\y k+# u sb\T n+ |s nqTyqy. e qyTTq{ es
sT|j>+>H +&$. nsTT deTT< ;#Y ]ksY s z&\se k>srs |s k>T\T deTLssTT. ]ksY
qdeT =* ;#Y]ksY> |s=+<sTT. <s\ dT$X\ d\+ d{, \> ><T\THsTT. |s\ ssY| <ojT, $<o
e+\T n+~+#+<T sks+{ +~. $&~ |sT | ueH\T L& @sT #ksT.
neT|s+ qT+ dTesT 18 MT <s+ q z&\se ;#Y es sV<] ks+ +~. Vs, H\T>T
sE\T +&{ & d<Tbj\T HsTT. & k>s d+>eT b++ |+# nsT<q |\T M\ q+<
|+#TsTT. deTT< Md T+ dyT+> d+> >&|+<T & | @sT #XsT.
m+ <s+...
72
seT+& ($eHXjT+)105 .MT.

seT+&
90 .MT.
H&
78 .MT.
neT|s+
21 .MT.
se\b+
56 .MT.
T
143 .MT.
73
ew |w> y\dq \qsd+VQ&T *jTT>+ Xe<dT nH j<e& |

<sq$Te> n&T s\ \j ]+#&T. s \+ <D us<X
b*+q |\esE\T X 5e X+ \j ]+qT #] #T+~. nsTT
\jT+ \>s+ *dbe&+ u+&eTs+ >eTdT&T, Hyb] =|H
~HsjTD s \j, eT+&b\T, Ks\ sD+ #|{sT. jTq sTy
jTq esT&T =|H weT X 1823 (X*yVq X+ 1745) \jT sD
|P] #dqT \jT+ |\ Xdq+ +~.
V|sD+ >MT eTV+ n+s ~ \qsd+ Vk$T ~e <q T #bsT.
VsD esT&q s#qT&T Xs es+ b+~ +> es&T. |$yTq
n+s~ ew eTV] XeT+ ]+#T jTj><T\T s++> #dysT.
eTV] q us nsT+<, q qsT>TsT d+H $& k] d+ y&T.
deTjT+ e e\ b+~q es >s + s
#qT&T |d T #dT H sTw\qT V+d+#
k>&T. y& <TssZ\qT n&TH |jT+ #dq XeTydT\qT, Xe\qT <+d+
#k&T. ew qsT>TsT d+H d+V]+#&T.
n|&T ew eTV] sd d+Vs+ #j *+~> lV] b]+#>,

$we T] qsd+ VQ s|+ e s
#qT bsT bs+_+#&T.
<] eT< ;sbsT k+~. e es|ue+ s#qT s
_+<Te\T +< |&q |k dT sDTe\ sdT\T> es&+
yTT<\T|{sTT. n|&T qsd+VQ&T q k<] nXs&+_
dV jT+ s
#qT d+V]+#&T. jTT< deTjT+ nXs&+_
s#qT s_+<Te\T H\| |&+& q H\T #|+~. sd
d+Vsq+s+ H\T| q s +< $& |{+ ~. \jT+ | q
H{ sT\ |sT qBbjT |eVdT+~.
m+ <s+...
seT+&
96 .MT.
H&
105 .MT.
neT|s+
47 .MT.
se\b+
65 .MT.
T
170 .MT.
s T \ q~ Lss|& k$T ne]+#&T. qsd+ Vk$T

bT lLsHsjTDT d+ & _w\T sT>TTHsTT.
k$T y] dTesT s. 100 $\Tyq q>\T, {\T, |#\T,
+|\T b~q Vs\T, e y&s\ b~q +>sT usD\T
HsTT. \jT esD >sT&sY, +HjT k$T ys |sq
$>V\T y\T>T #ksTT. $ eT&Tqs Xu\ |Tq#] q
$>V\T> |sedT Xgy\T >T]+#sT. M{| q *| <s+>
X*yVq X+ 1582 (X 1660) H{$> sT. dTesT 350 @H{
$>V\T u\ d+<sHs+ \jT+ |\ +#sT. n> \jT
|]ds u\T, |s\T M+#+<T l\+sXsk$T
\jT+, >Ts\ >T&, s|Ty+<k$T, +HjTk$T \j\T,
ew dyXeT+ bT {Vdt, k>sd+>eT (nH#\T >T)
b+\T HsTT.
<sq deTjT+:
<jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00 es,
kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00 es,
bH: 08862-59313, 9491000719, 9440219241.
Website: www.antarvedisrilakshminarasimhaswamy.com
74
75
ew ><e] q~ &Tq eT*|s+ eT+&\+ ~+& sh|sXK <s+

V] q{ +{]ksY qdeT | n+<\ q&TeT |s\ de\+~k+~.
~+& |s +<+ seT+& 80 MT <s+ +~. & 32 @d ><T\T, |<
qs HV\T, =\qT, s ks +T, yjeTX\ n+<TuT HsTT. + $H<
=\qT, ysY ksT ysY y+>u, {+bH , yT +&H{, $\T$<, ksT d

ks\THsTT. qB $Vs+ V+> >& |+<T >V|&e \T, ewu T, d&TuT,
HuT n+<TuT HsTT. #TT|\ q n+s~ l\qsd+Vk$T
\jT+, n|q|* lu\uJ \j\qT d+ <]+#Te#T.
+<|<X ]+ s=swH ><e] q~ |Tq Vdtu{\T |s\
m+ V<, q+< *dTHsTT. ><e] $V]dT+f #T |+# =]
#T, |# | , q q \+\T, y{| dq> | q | m+ V< *ksTT.
|>\+ dVd<yTq n+<\qT $rs #d ]dT\T s <\+& q~
# e+&bsT { @d d<Tbj ]+ s=swH n+<TuT e+#T+~.
bH: 08862-227991, 227992, 9912877055.
76
m+ <s+...
seT+&
78 .MT.
H&
87 .MT.
neT|s+
30 .MT.
se\b+
49 .MT.
T
152 .MT.
77
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~+& ]ksY y <] sC\T eT+&\+ k+|*

qBrsq q eTs |yT ]ksY n V+>T\ +~.
$X\yTq @d syT\ bT ssY| e+\T #d
n+~+# @sT, d$T+>|P, uT wsT\bT
d+> >&|+<T nqTyq edT\ &THsTT.
bH: 040-69998111, 8008727111, 8008727222.
78

seT+&
68 .MT.
H&
77 .MT.
neT|s+
20 .MT.
se\b+
39 .MT.
T
142 .MT.
79
l yTT{ seTk$T
yqjT qB rsq n|q|* u\uJ \jT+ u\ sT|> $s\T+~. yqjT q~

kq+ #d u\uJ k$T <]d n+ Xu+ sT>TT+< u\ nbs qeT+. dTesT
5 <Xu\ #] *q n|q|* \jT $w sh m\\T <{ bsT>T sc\L $d]++~.
& = <Xu\ + bs+_+q nq<q |<+ sh <y<jT, <s<jT XK
\e+> *+< #| &+ m+e+ nXj <T . n|q|*
q<q+ $jTe+yT
|dT+ shy|+> |d< \j neT\eTq nq<q |<\ eT\+> *+~.
n|q|* \jT+ +{ |s_e~ k~+#&+ yqT n< >e #+~q ~e+> yTT{
seTk$T w m++~. seTk$T \jT sD ;+ H{, q dX |+ |< #XsT.
++ eT&+ nq #+<+> seTk$T Vj+ n|q|* U sh+ q\T#<T sT y|+#&y T
+&, bsT>T scq $TH&T, s\L b+~. B+ + y~ eT+~ u\T n|q|*
s*se&+ <jT+ deTLs~. q =] =T sTeT\ sT| qT+ q u\uJ
k$T |
+ + dTesT <X\+ |P\+~+q seTk$T 1970 qq \jT sD
n+ssD #X&T. |{ seTk$T H\=*q |
+ *q | { =]=T b \jT+>
|d~ +~. <X\+ H{ qq \jT+ bT q\Ty| bs+, d+, nq<q+
#d+<T n+dT ueH\qT seTk$T |P] #sTT+#sT. 1981 <y<jT, <s<jT XK
\j kBq+ #dT+~. nT s sT yC\T q&#sTT. es 1990 @|, 9q
\j <y<jT <s<jT XK n|d VsT rsT+~. seTk$T ]+q qq
\jT+ 1991 p 4e Bq $>V |w ]+~. sTeT\ sT| <ekq+ |+|+q u\uJ
k$T eT\$s{qT <+& qJjTsY k$T |w+ #sT. |< q \j sTy| | \j\T
]+ |<er <$, +& jsY\qT |w+#sT. n|T+ | @{ Cw X< @< sE
s u\uJ k$T D+ sV+#&+ d+|<jT+> ek+~.
qT n_e~ #dq \j <y<jT <s<jTXK kBq+ #dTe&+ J]+#T
seTk$T s +&T <Xu\bT \j <s+> +&, q d>V+ b \jT+H |P\T
sV+#ysT. sT y dTu sT #s H> jTq \jT |yX + #d q de\+~+#sT. n|q|*
\jT+ sV+# nq<q+ ny|T+> +T+~. & nq<q+ n+~+q |*yT
sh y| \j\ <seTe&+ $Xw+.
n|q|* \jT+| s|~<T q \q T #d #~]bsTT. |< q \jT eT+&|+ |
| q $we b\<s ]|dTq eqT, <+> #d j<e& \T Hs+&
#ksTT. n++& \jT >|s+ MT< #T n<TyTq \ m+>H T+T+~.
\jT+ #T H\T>Ty| #&eTT#fq bs\T Ws n|ksTT. k] n|q|* u\uJ
<]d eT eT #&\ eTqdT $Ss&+ dV+.
80
<sq deTjT+: <jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00, kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00
bH: 08862-239562, 9491000720. Website: www.appanapallibalabalaji.com
m+ <s+...
seT+&
74 .MT.
H&
70 .MT.
neT|s+
13 .MT.
se\b+
44 .MT.
T
135 .MT.
81
m+ <s+...
seT+&
44 .MT.
H&
70 .MT.
neT|s+
23 .MT.
se\b+
11 .MT.
T
136 .MT.
=| dMTbq >\ |*y\ e=|Xsk$T y] \jT+ +~. |sq

|D+> ud\TTq H{ |*y\ H{ |\\|s+. n>d eTVeTT & XsT
|w+#s b+ydT\ qeT+. & e =|*+>XsT> =\TksT. |Ps+ n>d
eTVeTT qB rsq |\\|s b++ |dT #dT=qT#T+&> VeTeY |seTTq
DsyT bsr |syTXsT\ D+ n yue+> sT>T+~. D+ #d
]+#eq n>dT &T d+*+, jT\T<s&T. $+< |s + q $Xs|+ >V ue TD
re $|+ *dT+< u$+q +<~ <e\T n>dT |jD $s$T+|Cd+<T
$XVqT |+bsT. n>dT&T $XV <s D eTVAe yuy XeDq+<+> $,
q ~e<w#
qTs #d bsr |sy T XsT\qT D |dT | ek\ <s qMTjTe\d+~>
b]+#&T. n+<T ysT n+^]+ <sq$T#sT. D|s+| ~e eT+> ds|\T>
$s\TTq bsr |syTXsT\qT @|s+| |\\|s q Ds+ |w>$k&T.
n>dT# *+> |w >$+#T e\ n>dXs + n L& |*#&ysT.
|\\|s+ n>dXsT y\H{ e+X #+~q $|&T $Xwu |P+#y&T.
nsTT $|&T yX\T&T e&+ e\ #s\qT bsT\T dV+# sb\ |s<T
#XsT. sE d+> |PC] |+#<\ |\\|s ek&T. deTjT+ |PC] yX
e< +{&T. eTVsE s $, ]yE |s+ # s\e* y<T&, < >V+,
yX =| n+ eTT+< e+q k$T|P\e\qT rd sVd+> \jT+ rdTe,
s\e*> sE k&T. eTVsE s\ e* jT+<T >>&TTq b&yq
X+qT #d X++ |PC] |+#> n+<T |PC] |seTe&T {p<] nsTTq+<Tq
n>dXsT X+ #TT= +&e# de<q$T#&T. *+> {pe? n sE
Xs|& #|eTq>, |PC] s\ V<jT T& <s + eV+ eTVsC ~ eT<V deTjT+,
k$T y] n_w|P C $<T \T s]+, eTV y<q yTTq] H>us D
\T n\+]+q+<Tq,
s|{ <jT+ b'\eTTq {p{ #|<q |PC] \T|&T. eTVsE <
n+^]+ {p+ #|# s#<+ |<T n |* s |\\|s+H
$&~#k&T. < |PC] q s#<+ |< \+ nekq \+ Xs <q+
#dTq# y+ \_dT+< \, s+ k$T >s\jT+ e< +& |seTe |\T
T\ y&T=qT# kMT! HqT u |seDTeqT, H |Psq|\+# HqT bb\T #d
jTT+{. H |\qT eT+ |&T MTsT =|qT <]+#eqT. MT =|qT eTVsE
#|# H s#<+ |<T. MTsT =|qT <]+## H sdTqT *+> u<T=
bD+ $&#<q Bq+> |* eT]\T&T. n|&T \+sT&T |PC] yTTs $, *+><e
q =| <]k&T. k$T =|qT <]+#T |PC] >+ q+<+ ]_] ne&T.
eTsTH&T eTVsE =|qT #|k&T. |syTXsT&T =|qT <]+#T e\+ |PC] #dq
eT #s n |\T |\T>, eTVsE s+ |*+ rdTseT C|k&T.
82
|PC] nf #k&T . s+ yTT< s+ |+#> y+H sE H nes<+ \T>TT+~.

eTVsE |syTXsT n|#s+ ]+< u$+ <c eT+ <w |k~+#\ yH
y&T=q>, |syTXsT&T ] <w |k~k&T. y+H eTVsE |syTXsT sC\ sDs+
>e k$T deT]k&T. n< H&T ET>b&T >eT+. >eT+ se\b+ eT+&\+
b&>|* dMT|+ +~.
<sq deTjT+:
<jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00 es, kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00 es
bH: 08855-243316.
83
m+ <s+...
seT+&
47 .MT.
H&
46 .MT.
neT|s+
20 .MT.
se\b+
16 .MT.
T
121 .MT.
sh+ nXw uq+ d+<]+# s< <y\j\ =| eT+&\+ yq|* |\eT \jT+
{. >eT <e\ |\eT y] |sq bXd+ +~. u\ b* \sTe, ]q s\T rs =+>T
+>s+> |\eT neTy] qdeT b+rjTT ujT ><e] \ |\T =\TksT. eH\T,
yqs\T +& b+ yqs|*> |s=HysT. \yTD yq|*> e]+~.
eqyd+ de T >MT rs+ yqs|* e+~. sE kqe#]+, eq+ | <$ |P+#>,
| qT+& $s$+q neTysT d<$ <sq$T+~. |+&T |e\T, eH\ deTVyTq |e
\yTD |\eT> |P\+<T+{+~. deT H{q yTT eTVe+> |{ +< & |\
qeT+. |sT *jT e <]+ |\eT * |Pd |T\T <+|T\ e+X_e~ >\ |T\T
ks & |\ |>& $Xd+. eeTTqT <]+q ysT d+q+ *q y+H =] yTTqT, NsqT
yTT&> deT]ksT.
|r @&~ neTy] |s+ +< qT+ |$yTq >MT q~ \+ <$dT+~. >+><$ djT+> >s>T&
|s+ +< qT+ |{ d+ 10 qT+& 20 sE\ es neTy] kqe#]+#&+ >=| $Xw+> b+ydT\T
#TsT. |ssTT<e> neTy] \jT+ <>sZ
H bse T $>V + L& +~. bTsEysT D
eTTX sT
<sHsyT y[ sT edTq deTjT+ ds<jT+ e&+ e\ esZeT< \> ds|&q b++ }sT
eT< +~. \jT+ Xq~X <D
eTTK+ #d >D| $>V + +&&+ $Xw+ . neTy] \ds|+
\TMT< \T ydT Msd u+eT, \T +< q, n> |s+ +< >MT q~ \u$ q~.
yq|* >eT+ |s|s+ eTVsE d+kq+ +&~. |\eT neTy] eTVsE <]+ ]+qT
b+ |<\T #TT+{sT. sE neTysT eTVsE \ |+ q |+&T, |P\T |+|+#\
]+<. |s+ #d se+X+ u>u >\ T\ dTK+> e]\TT +< #| +<, y+H sE neTysT
#|qf |+&T, |P\T |+|&yT |+&T +& u$T deT]+, <| B| Hy<\ =s ns k$T
jT$T+#sT.
qdeTqT +>sTdeT> e]q dsY ssY H <eXs+ e< q { seTV+<es+ qT+
+&X s+ esL q eTTX s+ \TeqT e& yq|* >eT+ e< |\eT \jT+ n&Ts >, \j
=\+#\ u$+#sT. n|&T H <=s neTysT d|+ |+ H \jT+ |> \Te e+
bs+_+#T, ~jT+> n~ HsysTT+~. Xj H X |k~kqT n #|+~. jTq n> #d
djT+> neTy] <]+, neTysT qqT =+&+ #, neTysT qqT =&yT $T nqT=H&T.
b+eT+ nsD+ e&+ q\T me> +&e, >e q nsT| & neTy] <u+>eTT
\>&+ e\ neTysT qqT =s #| +{sT. H $wj \TdT=H&T. qqT =q neTy]
<]+#T e\q # Xu+ sT>TT+< b+ |P\T #TT+{sT.
84
sE k~ <|, B| Hy<\T deT]+ kjT+\+ bsde #d |e[+| #| \T|\T yd, eTs

s deTjTeTTq VsT> \T|\T rk&T. deTjTeTTq q{ # q |\eTy] X
dsb VsT> #d k~ bD\T e~*qT |<\T #TsT. eTsD+q yTT<{ k~j
\jT+ |q <DeTTq de~ #Xs |s=+T+{sT. n~ |{ +< MsT #TsT.
85
86
><e] >\>\\ #+ V<s yesD+ u\

s\T rs \e*> |sT >+q <q eTeT] |s\qT
m+>H ]k+~. }jT\\qT \|+# }&\T, #\{
>*, $X\yTq \T, #{ nqTu n+~+# ><e]
|&e |jD+ n+{ $T+ <qeT* os<+
#| + b nH |\T <qeTeT] k++.
|Xs|s+ eT+&\+ <s+ >eT+ M~y] \+
dMT|+ dTesT s+&s\ $ds+ <qeTeT] +~.
|#<q+ & ><e] >T, eT]#T |<|<
}&\T #|sT\qT nTs|sTksTT. k<sD sE +f
ed+ neTy] d+<sq e# u\ d+K
n~+> +T+~. #T q e$T& \T d+<s
\qT m+>H ]ksTT. & k<sD+> T+
dyT+> s* edT+{sT. |\\T, |<\T, e<T\T
me]H <qeTeT] b++ z eT+ nqTu dT+~.
neTy] <sH e# u\ kss+ \jT b+>D+
H |PC keT, e+keT n+<TuT HsTT.
& #sTH+<T s+&T esZ\THsTT. =|,
u&b+ e+q qT+& dTesT 2 MT <s+ <q eTeT]
+~. yVH\| e# y] esZyT nqTL\+. s+&~
|
X s| s+ qT+& ><e] <{ sy*. = |, y&b+
qT+& { ks+ L& +T+~.
<qeTeT] >=| bXdeTT+~. eT&T Xu\ +
eT]#T e< k u\ <qeT* <sq$T, |\
sD
d+ & =\Ty qT #| +< |<\
T #TsT.
n|{ qT+& b+ <qeTeT]> |\e&+ s+_+
#sT. m+ u X<\ =\e&yT <T... @{ neTy]
y\T L& #dTHsT. n|{ |< eqT> q
eT]#TqT neTy] |s|+> |\T |P+#ysT.
sTy \+ neTy] \jT+ ]+#sT. &
neTy] u>u >\qT, <q eTeT] b+ |
X s| s+
MT+<sTq \TdT e+XdT \
T #&+ #s+> ek+~.
y] <s+ d+<s\ ks\T *+#&+ bT
@{ yT H\ nqes+ d HsjTD k$T D+ ]q
eTs&T neTy] y\T yue+> sVksT.
m+ <s+...
seT+&
42 .MT.
H&
40 .MT.
neT|s+
24 .MT.
se\b+
11 .MT.
T
136 .MT.
87
m+ <s+...
seT+&
37 .MT.
H&
35 .MT.
neT|s+
27 .MT.
se\b+
6 .MT.
T
133 .MT.
se\b+ qT+& neT|s+ y esZ+ se\b+ qT+&

4 MT <s+ eT+<|* +~. V+< <sXg+ | ] Je
\+ @{ X, X<w+ e+{ X>V |&\ |ue+ +T+<
|+&T\T #TT+{sT. >V|&\ ysD <D us<X+
eT+<|* eT+<Xs (XHXs) + @ \jT+> $s\T+~.
88
n>d eTV] TTw deTV+ >MTqB rsq @&~ dj >+

#d+<T |jT qyT e#sT. deTjT+
uT &H sd T =&Tq
nXT&T, ||\T&T nqT sTesT sdT\T +\T>
|e]d+&ysT. y] nXT&T s$#T s|+q, ||\T&T
uVD s|+qT + uVDT\qT u + #ysT. B+ eTVsT\
T
>MT <D
rseTTq jTeTeT& |d T #dT +Tq ds|T&T
X XsTT+ sdT\qT e~+#eT ssT. y] ] yTs
sTesT sdT\qT X ud+ #k&T. nsTT uVD d+ #+~q
ysq sdT\qT d+V]+q+<T *q VV <w
|]Vs, sD dsXsT&q e& X |w+#&T. n
|w+ q e Xys+, X j < (j < ~ *q Xys+)
~H qTe\T <q+ #d, qTe\ qH n_w+ #dq y]
>V|&\ qT+& $eTT *+, deTd ]\T HsysTkq X
es$T#&T. X |w+q sD+>H XsT&T XXsT&
|sT|&&T. XXsT |H d|e\T e bsr<$
y\sTT+#>, #TsTK V eTs= e*+> |w+#&T. &
XsT VXsT& |sT. s&qT H>T eTs= e*+>eTTqT
|w+#> H>XsT& |sT *>qT. |H d| eTVsT\ sq
>eT eTV] yDT>b\ k$T |w+ #&T. $<+ > bs+
<T <y\j\ XXs +> |d~ #+~+~. k$T
_w\T
#sTT+#TH+<T <X+ q\TeT\\ qT+& u\T edT+{sT.
<sq deTjT+:
<jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00 es
kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00 es
bH: 08855-243208, 949100721, 9030751207.
89
n|s|yTq >HVXek$T n<Ts|+ s* |D |d~ sD+. ~eTTK sb <]+ ]+#+<T u\T +&|+&\T>
edT+{sT. B+ \jT+ <D us<X+ n+ |s>q |D {> #] |+~. s* >HV Xek$T \+ Je+
{|& H|D+ d+<s\qT $Xw+> ]dT+~. jT|s+ eT+&\+ |D, s* n |sT se& nH <H\T |#s+ eHsTT.
m+ <s+...
seT+&
35 .MT.
H&
35 .MT.
neT|s+
39 .MT.
se\b+
6 .MT.
T
129 .MT.
>MT, ew ujT qB bjT\ eT< >\ s* >e #sE\T <$& uVD d+|T+ e @sT #dT= < #T +<+
$+#sT. sD+> +< #sE\ deTT<eT |sT y&T e+~. s* =+&\ e+{ ~\T, n><+ +{ >T\T +&+ +<T
<sq+> |s=+T HsT. |P b++ <yTq n&e\ +&~. $wu&q $eT<e&T b+ y e n\dbsTT #T +<
$X$T+#&T. deTjT+ <bTq q leTV$we q& HqT djT+u s|+ b++ HqT. qTe s s<+ #sTT+ <
>T+ yT+f s<o\ |&q# $d $>V+ q&TT+< #| n+sqeTj&T. u>e+T <X+ yTs $eT<e&T s<+ #sTT+
>T#T+&> s<o\ |&q# $>V+ <=]qT, $>V n& |w+ \jT+ ]+qT #] #T+~. s<o\ |&&+ e\H s* nH |sT
y&T e+< $&. & <y\jT+ q+~ s|+ eTs <y\jT+ q&+ nk<sD $wjT+> #TTHsT. \jT sD+ X
11e X+ es ]qT \TdT+~.
o, nj<, |+&|s+, syTXs+, +<eq+ $Xw+ \jT+ eT] e+~. <T n&T>T\ mT>\ k\>eT \ kT d,
|sTw uj s|+> + <sq$TdT+{sT l >HV Xek$T. eTT+<Tu>+ |sTw s|+, yqT u>+ ds|+ \ <sq$TksTT.
k$Ty] #T <Xes\T. M{ yuy Hs<, T+TsT\T >q+ #dTq yq+ #&eTT#> +T+~. >HV Xek$T nejTy\T dJe
k+<s d+\T> <sq$TdT+{sTT. l#sD jTT> eT<+ >+><$ $>V+, $>V+ qT+& >+& >+> |eV+#&+ Xss $wjT+.
deTjT+ X+sT * yV Xs+ qT+ |d]+q #eTqT >+& >+>> n_e]ksT. y\jT+ n_w+ #dq >+> X+sT eT<V
n++ V]+#TbT+~. >s\jT+ <+ jT > +< > be& esyZ T <T . Xy\jT+ >+> }sT +&+, y\jT+
>+> V]+#Tbe+ n+ Xss $wj\T. >eT+ $w \jT+ (>HV Xek$T) sT eTTK+>qT, y\jT+ (eeT+&Xs
k$T) |&eTs eTTK+>qT q ||+#+H @d\+ s* +> |s=+THsT.
<sq deTjT+: <jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00 es, kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00 es, bH: 08855-250231, 9581678807.
90
91
m+ <s+...
seT+&
28 .MT.
H&
37 .MT.
neT|s+
37 .MT.
se\b+
8 .MT.
T
129 .MT.
sT><e] jT|s+ eT+&\+ y&|* >eT+ y+#d jTTq
l<$, u<$ dyT ly+fXsk$T y] \jT+ qdeT sT|>
|d~ > ++~. @&T Xys\T y+q <s q+... @&&T q\ |D|\
+> |r.
b+ |\T sT| l y+fXsT <]+#Tq nq+s+ $~> y&|*
y+q \j <]+#T= yTT\T rsTe&+ qysTTr. Xw uq+
d+<]+# \j y&|* |<qyT+~. s \j eq <eeTsT\
+f l k$T $\D #] +~. djT+uTy s#+<qeTH =jT
eTu$+q |s+<eTT&jTq.
|Ps+ b+eT+ <+&sD+> sTw |+>e\ $s\T T+&~.
dTesT eT&T Xu\ + =jT $>V + >MT ><e] rs+ dT
\uyT+~. >eTdT\T $>V yT \T, eT+> ysTT<\ yVq+|
& >T& ]+ >eTXg |s+ |w+#sT. dTeTTVAs+ yTT<\T
y&|* y& eT> < |]eT u{ y<\TH +~. |
jT&~ #X< @< sEq uq s++> & rs+, Dy\T
sV+#&+ qysTTr.
92
X~ y&|* y+qqT <]+q y] $TseTT\qT nqT>V+,

+{ s| b&Ts u\ |>& $Xd+. H{ |<|s+ d+kHBX\T
l eysTT eT>| sE l k$T y] <]+ qjTT <|, B|,
Hy<\ 110 ms\T, k$T y] de\ 165 ms\T u$T <q$T
eT W<s #THsT. sCy] C|s+ \jT+ esD q\s|
XX |{
@sT #XsT. \j >\ n|< s<+ ~\+ e&+
s<y <T\T> >MT ><e] q~ be+ sVdTHsT.
\j d++~+q s<y, k+<e n$Hue d++<+
+~. 1931 e] 30q k$T y] Dy s< e+ sT>TT+&> <X+
| d>V+ sT>TTq sE\$. n+<Te\ u <Xu b+, s<+|
es |, eTV >+B |{
e+ H<\T #XsT. B+ <Xu \
|
_{w bdT\T $#D sV+> \T\T ]bsT. d+|Tq q\T>TsT
<Xu\T eT #+<>, d+|Tq shy|+> k+<e }
$T+~. \j m<TsT> q esD = | eJ myT m+$mdt
dTsE H{ d+|TqqT d|+> eT* sksTT> *# @sT #XsT.
<sq deTjT+:
<jT+ >+ 6.00 qT+& >+ 11.00 es
kjT++ >+ 5.00 qT+& >+ 8.00 es
bH: 08855-271888.
93
94
95
H& 146 @ yT u++> de\T bs+ueTjsTT. 18e

X+ \, u+usTT, eT<dT\ |d& u+\T +&> y{
_{wt b\\T kBq+ #dT= +|]jT u+ |t +&j> esT
#XsT. _ k+q+s+ 1955 d{ u+ |t +&j > sb+s+
#+~+~. sh+H yTT<{ u+ XK> u+ |t eT<dt y]# bs+_+q
XK |Ps yuy rdTe# #s\qT us d{u+ jeq+
#|{+~. H& yTsTTHs&T u+#Y esD H{ ##<s+&
q H{ +|]jT u+ ueH d{ u+ V]fC >\> essT.
|eTTKTq sM+<H< s>sY, yr HVA\ d++~+q u+
n+T, 1881 qT+& _{wt b\\T y&q n+{ T bT u+ |t
eT<dt, u+ |t u+u\ 10 sbjT\ s HqT ueq+ +#sT.
|qqsY bs&C... s+&e eT<dt... bH d{... M{ @ |sT #|H sq >Ts=# H& b+ <Xu\
#] +~. H& q>s+ ds|&+<T ]fsY <>T\T me> d #|&+ e\ |qqsY bs&C> |\Tks
#TT+{sT. n> sV<sT\ sD+ |D[<+> +&&+e\ bH d{>, s+&e eT<dT> |*#ysT. M{ bT
1901 @s&q |s|s+ eTVsC X\ H =* X\>, H& se L& b+ beTTKqT <X~X
y|+|CXsTT. d<X+bT $<o |s\qT d+ ]+# q>s+ sb+s+ #+<T+~. q>s eT&T
MTs <s+ deTT<rs+ +~. =\T +u_w+ \jT+, H& bsT, |w+> VssT, y\|P& {Vdt
esTd> HsTT. dses+ +H MT<T> ed 5 MT <s+ b& ;#Y s&T +~.
C| eTV>+B H& b+ d+<]+q H{ C| \T, <Xu\T

>&H H{ s >TsT+&... k+<eT+ >+BJ w, u\+ qT+
eTsD+ es eTVT J$ $Xc\ >+BeT+~s+ k+eT] q>sY
+~. \yTD bueq+ ~ed #] L*b>, kq+ n|{ &+
qeTHH <T V+>T\ eTs = ueH >+BueH |sT
|qsT<]+#sT. n& z >+<\j L& @sT #XsT. |\ 1876
eTVT&T u\>+B qT+ 1883 $<]>, 1888 HjTXg $<]>,
1891 u]dsY>, 1906 dy< >+B>, 1913 d>V >+B> q
\ dV jTq J$ |T{\ b \+{ & b+<T|]#sT.
q\T & eTVT +d $>V+ & | sD.
s{ <Xu\ #] +~. 1907es sY s\jT+ |dT+ q |.sY. &^ X\ ueq+ +&~.

1903 &d+sT 4q n|{ eT<dt >essY j+|t~ |dT sY s\j X+k|q #ksT. 1907 H{ ueq+
|PssTT+~. B sD ssTT, dTq+ eTT& |<s+> y&sT. n|{qT+& |{es ueq+ ##<s+&
<Xu\ sT b\q X k+> * +~.
d+{q +<u|d T #] k >H<| s+ +~. #] n+ |sqyTq ~. #] m& #dH H| D+
{ |&T T+~. jT esD+ |# <q+ +& +T+~. #] ]+ 100 d+es\T <{H {e ]+qT>
qq+> |dT+~. d.sY., sY.d.m+. e+{ #]\T L& & +&&+ e\q d+sYqT #]dsYY> |\TksT.
94
96
95
97
1923 &d+sT 28q CrjT+>dt 38e eTVdu\T

]q|&T dTesT 12 y\ eT+~ VsT e& M\T>
|< &s yd, CrjT HjT\ 36 {s\T ]+q
b+ |dT + >+Bq>sbY sT> n_e~ #ksT. bsT
eT< |< >+B $>V+ +~. q|\\ edTe\T,
y+> { @sT L& HsTT. |# # V<s
yesD+ bsTqT dT+<s+> r]~<&+ ]+~.
H& \
D> |sT+~. e+< |& #]
*q >q du\
T |{ & HsTT. 1904 bs+uy T q
dsdr >qdu qT+ lseTde+, d+^ $<Y du,
jT+>yT H V|u , +< dyd+|T + e+{ d+d\
T |{
\ m+ bV n+~dTHsTT. dsdr >qdu
sVD dseT+~s+ @{ <ds d+s\T |]
shksTT y\qT sVd +{sT. eTsy| <X+H
|s=+~q Vsdt \ qsd+ Vse qT+ de qT\
|kq+ b+~q s\+, mds+>se, se>b\se,
n+<$, ds++ e+{ |eTTKT\T b+ #+~q
ys. H& sT\T <X, sh ksTT |sT |UT\T
d+b~+#&+ bT |{ \ deTT b<q+
\_dT+&&+ H&qT \ D n+{sT.
H&, dssjT|s+ (dsse |)q+<T |s|s+ eTVsC ysT u<+ y] sTTq U d\eTT u\
dVjT dVseTT\ l seT*+>Xsk$T, l u|s dT+< neTy], u< dyT l Msu< k$T X 1884e
d+eseTT |w+ |Ck sT. qq Xu u \
b* =+>T +>syT u X<\
d$+q y] \ey T X_\T
nXw u \
|P\+<T+ ~q~q |ese qeTeT+~. 2004`2005 d+es+ \j u \
T, <\ dV jT dV s\
qqeTT> |q']+#&+ ]+~. \jT b+>DeT+ >H{ b]+> n dT+<seTT> r]~<&+ ]+~.
eek|\T: ~yH V<sY

=$Ts& dsHsjTDeT] HjTT&T
94
98
\jT+ # ed+ ed+ qesT\ nq+s+ # X< @< qT+& D eTVAeeTT\T n+ yu e +>
s>TsTT. c& bs$T sEq l neTy] X+] n\+sD \jT b+>DeT+ jT>s\T, |, Ls\
n\+sD #jTT<TsT. nXjTT X< b&$T yTT<\T $jT<X$T es Xsqes eTVAeeTT\T n+ yuy|+>
sT>TsTT. <$ qesT\ $jTy& q<TsZ neTy] > l u|s dT+< neTy] L& $$< nes\
n\+sD
nyu e +> sT>T $Xwe TT. eTVes sEq l neTy] n yu e +> \jTeTTq m<TsT>jTTq |w]D
beeTT sT>TqT. qTeT sEq H& <y\jT+ eyT |u\ eeTT sT>T $Xw+. bs$T sEq
CsD+ seTeTT \<T. \jT b+>D+ >X\ ]+ >|P\T sT|#THsT. neTy] D+ 5 sE\T,
es\e+, $jT<X$ T, bs$ T, u, d++, qTeT, eTVes |s ~qeTT\ +>s| Ns n\+sD
#jT T<TsT.
sh+ n|sqyTq {Vdt H& ss eT+&\+ y\|P& +~. 1874 H& q>s 10 MT
Xq ~ {Vdt sD+ s+_+#sT. |s|s+ eTVsCysT 6 ms\ d B $s+> #sT. 23 MTs
mT ]+q {Vdt 20 H{ yT (36 MT) <s+ q H\ L& <] #|T+~. dTesT 130
d+es\ bT e+qH\T, sdH Bb\ +T\+~+q {Vdt |q dTesT s. 50 \\ <T V+>T\
45 MTs mT = {Vdt ]+#sT. ~ L& 36 MTs <s+ q y] $<TB|+T\ <] #|T+~.
95
99
H& 5 MT <s+ H& ss eT+&\+ s|PsT >eT+ ]+q wksTTuu $>V+ u\qT, |s\qT
$Xw+> ]k+~. & @sT #dq 116 n&T>T\ eT\$s{ wksTTuu $>VyT ||+#+H n|< $>VeT u \T
#TTHsT. l wksTT dyXeT+ <s+ eT&T ms\ $ds+ Xe @sT #ksT. >+ XeT eek|\T
neTT\ k+ese \ |+q uu <X+ eTVs d+*+#sT. 2000e d+es+ eT\$s{ w]&ksTT
$>V sD n+ssD #XsT. n|{ qT+& y| ksTT B\T #d eTsy| $>V sD+ sT| e#sT. 2011,
&d+sY 116 n&T>T\ ksTTuu $>V+ |P] s| d+]+#T+~. 2012, qe] 1q | |PC se\T sV+,
u \
<s q+ *+#sT. n|{ qT+& u \
T n~d + K & e ksTTuu $>V M+ | |P\T sVdTH sT.
2012, |e] qT+& uu $>V \T\T ek\T qw\T # |qT\T #|{, 2012, &X+sT H{ d<+ #XsT. 2013, qe] 15
qT+& 23 es $>V |\ n+$T#+<T |C+ |w eTVAy\qT sV+#&+ ]+~.
uu b<\ qT+& sdT es 116 n&T>T\ mT +&>, u$T qT+& sdT es 135 n&T>T\ mT $>V+ +&
sD+ #ksT. $>V+ sTe ysTT qT\T +T+< \T\ n+#H. $>V+ eT&T n+dT\ ueq+| uu
LsTqT +T+~. $>V+ +~ u>+ <T y\ T lksTT |$ He\qT |+ #d+<T M\T> ksTT{ db
]+#sT. ||+#+H m& $<+> & ksTTuu $>V+ sD+ #jT&+ b++ |s+> n_e~ #+<
neX\T |w\+> HsTT. |s +<\ dsdq s|PsT eT\$s{ ksTT$>V+ #s neX+ +~.
100
94
101
95
mT #dH $X\yTq deTT<rs+... \Tw sVyTq #\ >\T\T...

n+<+> m~q dsT >T&T \ q&TeT X yesD+ k]> n&T>T|&
m+{ y]H |s q+<+... j+ + qT+ d# ||+#+
n&T&q ueq \T>e q<T... b+yT H& dMT|+ q VA|t+&
(XB|+). Hd]Z+> se eT+&\+ q VA|t+& H& |D
|qTTbqT\ u]qT+& b& dV sD e#+> n+<] \TdT. #T q~
|sH... >TsT \_+# B$ | |$T\ z dsZdeT.
H& |D dTesT 5 MT <s+ 17 MT\ b&e, s+&Tqs
MT\ y&\
T H\e+ +& XBb n_e~ #d +<>y> |U
b+<&+ UjT+. ><e] d+u$+# es<\ deTjT+ deTT<+ =T=#
dT dVd<+> @s&q VA|t+& ejTdT <<| 200 d+\T. @{ 27
Vs +& edt (dT) e #sTT+< +&jTH bsdt ddt n~]
V#Y.d.$TX q y~ |s=HsT. VA|t+& |eT ~X> n_e~
#+<T+~. y| q deTT<+, eTsy| u ysY VA|t+& V< + >
+T+~. H& bsT ey H\ eT]+ eTjT <X\T qT$+<T
#dT+{sTT. |dT+ VA|t+& |+> ]dT\ d+ uT | |]d
@MT<T. mesH d+<]+#\qT+f |+> @sT #dTe\d+<. H&
bsT qT+& ysC uT <s 45 $Tc\T |jDd & #sTe#T.
VA|t+&qT |s+> n_e~ |s#>* <X,$<X\ qT+ d+
|s\qT ]+#>\ dqT * +~. ]+> ]sY bsdt u>yTq
+&qT 1998 eqeT> d+sD b++> >T]+#sT. nM d+sD #+
+<q\ |s+ d s>TCwH CH nM se\T $TqV s
eeVs\qT nqTeT+#sT. & |s_e~ |b<q\ sD
|+< \T. B$ |\ +esL $<TT, $<, y< ~s eT* edT \T
n+<&+ <T. eT< |]q H{esY e\ dbH e+ |#dT+~. s+{
B$ u\T, ksY dd+ #]+> #dT +{sT. eTT+<T s +{ y\T>T\
\T>T\T q&TTH B$ e+ N{H +~.
102
94
| { eT< eT+sT
#T |sT H... m e+< *jT<T>
q&d+ <+ eT< eT+sT }]+~. n& z u$ eHsT.
u$ eTsT\ <s+. dT =~> $H
eT+sT edT+~. z |yT d+d >eT+ bsX\ ]++~.
d e TT< + b+H, d T HMT, T b qT +{ $ eH
\<#T& 1984 <T ><T\ ]+q TbH w\sY
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Cs
eTsT\ \<e\T u>seT, usek$T. M]
eTsT\T # u> =\TksT. & >T&T\T, >|s\
e ... @ | yTT<{H M] =*q s. d+<+ @+
]H M[<s #dT+{sH qeT+ M]~. }] eT<
{sT> bq <T+> uT |{, |dT| sd |P #ksT.
@&~ <ds, es s+&T ksT Cs #ksT. +{ e+<
sbjT\T #=|q ydT ]]+> &qT\T, de\ Cs
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<s++~. |s|s+ eXe |DeTT> u\# <]+|&T+~.
us<X+ q >jT\ {> |s|s+ b<>jT+ $s\T+~. l eTV$we $eT s|+ >jdTsT&
d+V]+#> n Xs+ eT&T u>\T> $&bsTT+~. b<\T |&q #T>, b<>jT +> |\TdTHsT.
+ y\dq k$T |sT fXsT&T. >jdTs d+Vs $T+ |syTXsT&T & s|+ <\&+ |sT e+~.
>jdTsT ] yTs e&T & l *+>eT]> $s$+, djT+ u*+> eT]> u\ |P\+<T+TH&T.
& neTysT s sCX<$ u\ b* \e*. neTy] ~X+s#sk$T |w+ qT |<\T #|<TsT.

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68 .MT.
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18 .MT.
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78 .MT.
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+ |sTVA neTy] \jT+ nc<X X |s {. <jT $<+deTT sTy X+sT&T dr<$ eT

seTTqT, uTeTT| <]+, $sjT d+#seTT #jTT#T+&qT. n|&T |sX yTs l eTV$we dr eT<V
q dT<sq #eTT# K+&+HsT. dr <Vu>eTT\T u$T| |&q # c<XX |seTT\T> $s\T u{#
+esq\T, sqeTT\T n+<T=qT#Tq$. n+<T |su>eTT |&q#f |s|seTT>q, |su>eTTq n~cq
<e eq & neTysT |s+_>q, |sTVAT(+<T&T)# l $<bdq >$+#&, n nqT>V+, n ]
yTs l |sTVA<$ nH HeTeTT# |d~>+q~. |sTVA<$ m&eT +~ #jT+<T +>sT bq bq, & +~
#jT+<T $T>\ eTTZq eB (Hs<) |\eTTqT, m&eT |#jT+<T &\Tq, &|#jT+<T V<+&eTTq <]+ H\TZ
M<T\ L&* l #|seTT| qT+& u{ d\ ku> d+|<\qT |k~+#T#Tq~.
|PseTT T&qT >+<sT&T >>qesZeTTq d+#]+#T# deTTq ~ d| TTw >D|]ywT&q |syTXsT jTsTe| y+#djTTq bs
#d eT+<VdeTT #k&T. q deqTs\>T qqT #d Vq #jTT<Ty n bs ueTTq sdT&y +#eT X|+ q~. X| |ueeTT#
n+ \|seT d+|qT&T> ueTTq edTsT&T nH |sT + d<d\ | eT]+ <e\qqT eTTe s+& eseTT b+<qT.
sDeTT> <y+<T&T ujT|& d~b+~q e] edTsT e~+#qT. sTy VVb|
e =s |+# ds|&>T leTHsjTDT |+#e<e\qT |s k|+#qT. n <y+<T# k|+#&q |+#e<e\ {>, |s|s+
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jTT<eTTqT <]+#T e\q +re<e k$T> $UH=+<q eTs= n_bjTeTT L& +~.
104
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& <jTT \jT+ L& $wyTq~> u\T qeTTsT. & W<T+s e (yT& #T) n+ eTVeT *q~> $XdksT. #T
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esseT ;yTXs\jT+... # e+X #+~q ;eTeTVsE ]+qT #] <s+> \Tk+~. |+#se\T>
<seT ;yT Xs\jT+, keTs esseT ;yT Xs\j\T s +& b*\T * +&&+ , e&T ;yT XsT&T>
s~+#&&+ # e+X #+~q ;eT eTVsE e\Hq \Tk+~. |sq ~e +> n\ssTTq keTs esseT
;yT Xs\jT+, s
dwH MTsT <s+ +~. es k$T |w+ #&+ e\ & k$T l esseT ;yT Xsk$T>
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|u deTj\ eT\$s{ q+<T, |<w deTjT+ neTy] b<\| |&TqT> sD+ >$+#sT.
|r @{ eTVes |s~H\ bT ed+ y\T, <M Xsqes y\T, ;yTXsT q~q+
e+{ |P\ |+#seT+ $s\T+~.
+ eTVd+kq+
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52 .MT.
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71 .MT.
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keTs`|<|s+ s&T n msTTq |dH+HjT k$T $>V+ sh+H |U >+q~. +

eT{ |s ~| X+s#sT\ ~yodT\ kMTJ nqT+>T w\T #+D|Xd 1986
$>V sD #|{
sT . \#Ts+ <X+ H |U >+q >T \ Dk$T < s+ Xsy > +
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]> VqTeTjT+, &d+sT ]> VqTeT<+ y\ <X q\TeT\\ qT+ e+<~ u\T
Vs |P\T sVdT+{sT. + $HjT#$, <M qesT\T, <jT jT+, X+s#s jT+,
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8 MT <s+q +~. keTs`H& |<q sV<] e<e|+ MT<T>
dses+ #sTe#T. & |sq $wyTq ueHsjTDk$T \jT+ +~.
n+ > dses+ e$T&+& j +<+> L& dT|]yT.
n |sq $w \ dses+ ueHsjTDk$T \jT+ {.
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b+>D+ \jT+ $d]+ +~. @\ ]+q bs\T, sq >*>|s+ (8 n+dT\T), sTq d+V<s+ HsTT. sq D
eT+&|+, sTq <d+u+, |q y| >sT& yVq+, eTsy| +HjTk$T $>V+ ]eTjsTT. \jT+ |\ Xq+ l\
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|Ps+ X|, <Te dss| d+q+ *# X|>dT n VQjT deTjT+ nq+T&T nH ds+ yb| & |Ts |dT #d+~.
|dT yT eTV$we | eTj&T. n|{ qT+& b++ dses+> |\e&T+~. $wejTqT \TdTH nHwD nH +<T\
>Tsq Hs<eTV], y{ qT+& |+#TH+<T s\ dyT ueHsjTDk$T |w+qT |sD\T #TTHsTT. \jT >|s+ MT<
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109
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@+> }s $d] d e+ n~ d s y T . nTe+{ d s +# | |<|P & eT+&\+
>=\\e$T&&. | &T b++ e$T&|\qT yk\T> #dT >=\ \dT\
T
me> +&&+ b+ |sT e+~. |d~ #+~q dsHsjTD k$T,
<+&seTk$T \j\T }] m+ eH rdT e#sTT.
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>|s+ 11 n+dT\ dTesT 200 n&T>T\ mT * X Tq u+ *ksTT.
|eT >|s+ e] n+dT m 25 MT <s+ q |<|s+ |D+ b+&e\
yT, 20 MT <s+ q H& |D+ ~s b+\T |ksTT. >* >|s\T
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m+ V< *ksTT. n+ +& \jT Ks+ ($eq >|s+) MT< u\sejTD+
><qT *| ueT\T #& HsTT. u\T kH#]+#& <y\j dTesT
200 MT <s+ lseT |w]D @sT #ksT. |w]D eT< eT+&b L&
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\j n<\ XjT qeT+~s+ eTs n<q| sD
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eT+~ u\T <y\j d+<]+#& sh+ q\TeT\\ qT+ edT+{sT.
b++ \j ]+q z T++, |{ jTq HeTdsD ]k+~. wksTTuu,

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HsjTD k$T L& s |r. k$T~ n|T eTeTT. \qT |$Td y{f dV Jeq+
#d XXq+ ~d +&&yT +> k+#ysT. XeT+ |P\T n+<TH b++H
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ds <y\jT+
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eTq sh+ nsd$* ds<y\jT+ |U >++~. s >=\\e$T&& ds<y\jT+
L& m+ |U >++~. 1902e d+eseTT <y\jT+ $>V|w ]+~. $>V
|w nq+s+ 1905 s DeT+&|+, 1932 eTTK eT+&|+, 1944 sT>|s+, 1947
D eT+&b\qT ]+#sT. <y\j H\T>T y| H\T>T >|s\T ]+#sT. sTy|
>|s+ 100 n&T>T\ mT |\qT ]d +T+~. > |r d+es+ |e] H\ ]> ;w
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m+ <s+...
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ds|&qT> #] +~. 19e X+ bs+u+ \ HsjTD k$T |sT
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@ $wjT+ |* n~ |+& ]>< >eTdT\ qeT+. 1927 b++ z deTd
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uT <s y |s\ d+>eT b++ m+ q+<
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113
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e<>MT ><e] n+<\T... qT#| yTs <& qdeT =]# jH+

n<T |s +<+> $s\T+~. +&T ><] #| eT{ }dT* k~+#+<T
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n<T \ n<+ |f sD\T qT$+<T #ksTT. sT# e+X #+~q # ;eTT&T X 892`922
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105 .MT.
145
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146
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b|=+&\T n+< d]= ns+ #| dT+<s |<X \T. |&e

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149
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eT{ u&qT |*d, n~ kV dTydq\T =&TT+~ n +<>+{ VqTeT#d n|+H...
><e] y'|PseT\ useTT e<q H&T n $de{ $XH< dHsjTD u$+H n~ eTq
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+< us+ qqjT djT+> |s=HsT. >MT b+rjT >+<\jT+ q es n{dt
q>s+ X 975`1045 eT< seTV+~ n +~. 10e X+ $<oj&T 30
|D\T HjT, y{ eTV+~ {> e]+#&T. lH<T&T seTV+<|s+ n e]+#>,
1950 es >MTDT\T seT+<+ nHys <q+.
\T>Ty] k+d s< nsTTq seTV+~ mH #], |s $Xc\qT q <#T+~.
seT+& |s{+#|&T | n+<\H <T... &Tq #]qT L& n<jTq+ #d eT+
nqTu \T>TT+~. q>s+ ><e] >Tq q s+& eTjT+, <yTs sY >\, >MT
>+<\jT+, +<TL] MsX*+>+ \T e+{ y{ | #&*. |< eTd<T, \qsd+V \jT+,
MsX*+>+ q>V+, {HV, M{ Vd\T e+{ nH ueH\T X~ d+es\ ejTdT >\y.
ees+&jTk$T \jT+
n |$yTq ><e] qB rs+qTq n bNqyTq y\j seT+& l ees+&jT
k$T y] <y\jT+ {. nsjTTw&T> +q es+&jTT&T e es+ d+|Ps njTTwqT
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|w+q e*+> |P\T sV+ |dT #k&T. |dqT&q |syTXsT&T es+&jTT |sT
s k s TT> *by\ nqT> V +, n q < V + + # d T H& T . $< + >
es+&jTk$T> |d~ >+ H{ $Xw |P\T n+<T+TH&T. 11e X+ seTV+<es+
s<> @*q # |uTe ss qs+<T ns+ neT+><$ bs+ ]+ \j n_e~
#d+< #TsT. sTy s& sE\ \+ jT yes& us eT+ \j
|q]]+|Cd+~. sTy |\ y+jT <y\j 300 #> d\+ qT, =seTs eTeT
\j |q]]+qT <K\T HsTT. \jT+ ees+&jT k$T, bsr<$, >D|T \T
|<q <e\T. l\ HsjTDT&T b\&T. s<w\T, \qd+VQ\T, qe>V\T w ksTT,
y+fXs k$T, dTVDk$T, njT|k$T, ds HsjTDeTsT\T L& <y\jT+
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150
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s+& eTjT+
Xu\ #] k+ s+& eTjT+. eTjT+ ><e] >T dMT|+ +~. eTjT+qT 1967 e] 1q sh |uT+ CrjT+
#dTH deTj 6,984 >+<\T+&$. 1964 ~ &d|y > |t \T>T eHd|t |] 528 |J\ $wjT$esD\ L&q esH >+<
d 300 |> | >+<\ $es\T b+<T|s#& HsTT. \T>T kV+ <+& |+&Tq &T>T y+ seT], \TL] HsjTDse
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\+ >+<\j +<TL] MsX*+>+ >+<\jT+ $q+ #jT &+ ]+~. |dT + eTjT+ y\ @#+~q nH \T u <|s #
&sTT.
>MT >+<\jT+
|d u+&>s+> |sT >+q >MT >+<\jT+ sh+H s+&e n |< >+<\jT+. >+<\jT+ k H><M ~jTsY m<TsT M~
+~. mH y\ n<T >+<\T & u<+> +#&+ >eTHs+. H+ cse 1898 +<TL] MsX*+>+ |] seT+& H+ y] d+
>+<\j k|+#sT. e&~ dTusjTT&T |] eTs= >+<\jT+ L& @s&+~. s+&T >+<\j\T @yT 1920 >MT >+<\jT+>
@s&qT \Tk+~. 1979 |uT+ kBq+ #dTq sTy ~ b+rjT >+<\jT+> n_e~ #+~+~. +<TL] q&|q $yes | |T\T
L& & u<+> +&&+ $Xw+.
<yTs sY >\
+<<X| $k =*eH ~~q d<VdT&T <yTs sese. J$++~ d\\yTH jTq #dq de sT|eqyT+~. jTq
|sT MT< bdT>dtVdt dMT|+ z sY >\ |+> @sT #jT&+ $Xw+. jTq ><e] rsq seTV+<es+ 1897 e] 8e Bq
+#sT. sese sTe\ d<s s><jT+, |c\+s+, |P]eT, <DT&Tùs sesT\T, sT <Ts#q, q+~|P yTT<\>Tq$
eT#T =. eH q <yTs sese ^dq n|s| K+&\T jTq ds+ <yTs sY >\ u<|s#&sTT.
+<TL] d V\T
\T>T H ke kV s+> qq se& dw+ q qejTT> y [&T
+<TL]. 1848 @| 16q jTq seT+& +#sT. 1919, yT 17q T~Xd
$&# esL +<TL] de+ k+|T <Ts#s\qT n]f+<T re+> w
#ksT. 1881 &d+sT 11q +<TL] =* $+T $yV ]|+q $yV y~
|dT + seT+& eTV &^ X\ m<TsT> q+< >sH +~. q+<
>sHH +<TL] de<T\T L& HsTT. yTsTTHs& dMT|+ e+jT\
y] M~ jTq d>V+ H&T |sedTXK <s+ +~. jTq y&q
\T, eT+#\T, fT, |d\T n & u<+> HsTT.yTsTTHs&T
dMT|+ +<TL] |seT+~s+ jTq y&q |+> u<|]#sT.
kH <y\jT+
152
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165
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168
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170
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173
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174
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176
94
177
95
Haritha Coconut Country Resort (APTDC)

Dindi, Malkipuram Mandal. 533256
Ph: 08862-227991/92, Cell: 9912877055
Dindi Resorts
Near Chinchinada Bridge, Dindi-533256
Ph: 08862-226662, Cell:9948663663, 9951355005
Konaseema Resorts
Sompally, Razole
Ph: 040-6999 8111, Cell: 80087 27111, 80087 27222
Samudra Beach Resorts

Vodalarevu, Allvaram Mandal
Ph: 8856 203078. Cell:93955 22299, 93465 22299
The Villa, Heaven of Tourism

Ainavilli - 533211. Amalapuram
Ph: 08856-225568, Cell: 09490 887768
Hotel Royal Park

19-1-107, Main Road, Kakinada - 533 001,
Ph: 0884 2300000-04, 3209555, 3209666, Cell: 9581226565
Paradigm Sarovar Portico

Subhash Road, Kakinada - 533001
Ph: 0884 2302 333-51.
Hotel Ishwarya Grand

Opp. Reserve Police Lane, Kakinada - 533003
Ph: 0884-2375922, Cell: 94406 25923
Hotel ARKA
Main Road, Kakinada-533 001
Ph: 0884 2344 111, 222, Cell: 8374446177
Jaya Residency
20-6-5, Near 3 Town Police Station, Kakinada - 533 001
Ph: 0884-2372314, 2377301, Cell: 9866319733
Hotel RL Grand
20-6A-6, Near Sree Complex, Kakinada - 533 001,
Ph: 0884 - 2343999. Cell: 8886412299, 9494561999
Halcyon Times
67-15-32, Nagamallithota Junction, Kakinada - 533 003
Ph: 884-2351611, 12, 13, 14 Cell: 9848609735, 9640841353
Hotel The Oak Tree
178
94
2-1-46, Opp e-seva, Sri Nagar, Kakinada - 533 003

Ph: 0884-2375747, 2354101, 2375259 Cell: 9848178105
Family Health Club

Gollala Mamidada - 533 344
Ph: 99120 42727
Abhay Hotels & Resorts

Beside Pampa River Bank, Annavaram.
Ph: 08868-238855 Cell: 99083 89030, 95539 00131.
Hotel Anand Regency

34/5, Jam Peta, Rajahmundry - 533 103
Ph: 0883 - 2461201, 02, 03, 2461401, 02, 03, 04, 05
River Bay Resort

Near Goutami Ghat, Rajahmundry 533 101
Ph: 0883 2447000, Cell: 98 66 552403
Hotel Akshay Residency

Vyagram Road, T.Nagar, Rajahmundry - 533 101
Ph: 0883-2439663 (4 Lines), 6662554 (2 Lines)
Hotel Ashraya Residency

Near Pushkar Ghat, Rajahmundry - 533 104
Ph: 0883-2420297, 2442792
Hotel Mahalaxmi Residency

Seshaiah Metta, Rajahmundry - 533 103
Ph: 0883-2465231 (6 Lines), 2466567
Hotel Ratna Palace

36-26-5, Main Road, Rajahmundry - 533 101
Ph: 0883-2444459, 2478769, 2465756
Hotel Shelton Rajamahendri

APSRTC Complex Road, Rajahmundry 533 103.
Ph: 0883 249 9999
Hotel Jetty Grand

Vygram Road, Innespeta, Rajahmundry 533 101
Ph: 0883-2477815, 16, 17. Cell: 8886729991, 8886729992
La Hospin Hotel & Resort

Sheshaiahmetta, Rajahmundry 533104
Ph: 0883 248 8888
Vanavihari,
Maredumilli - 533 295
Ph: 08864-244996, 244998. Cell: 9494151617
Birds Nest Resorts

Geddada, Maredumilli - 533 295.
Ph: 08864-200002, Cell: 9440104954
179
95
0883 - 246 2565

903 246 2565
yVH |_ wH,
n+ V m<T, >TeT+, seTV+<es+ ` 533101.

WWW.MOHANPUBLICATIONS.COM
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19. ydT syT&dt
63`00
20. >VydT <sD+
63`00
21. Cw`>VydT#+~
200-00
22. ydTss+ (=+&|*)
63-00
23. ydTseTD
,,
120`00
24. ydTd+>VyT
,,
63-00
25. |+#ydT b]C+
,,
120`00
26. ydT&+&eTyT
,,
63`00
27. ydT<T+~_
,,
120`00
28. $XsydT| (dtu+&)
250-00
29. wydTXge
63`00
30. \ydT,X\ydT (<+]|+&H<)
99`00
31. eTjTydT (>sdMsu<#s)
120`00
32. ydT C
63-00
33. eTq \T-eTqydT
99-00
34. yde ydT|PC$<qeTT
108`00
35. ydT <sD+
120`00
1. eT+k<q
2. +C\+
3. eT+X
6. eT+Xk\T
63`00
63`00
63`00

4. <jT +$<
63`00
5. <jT e*+yT
63`00
6. + |+#+>+
63`00
7. jTD ++
63`00
8. eT+qTcq #+~
63`00
9. ds<e eT+e#e\T
63`00
10. eT+s\sVd+ (;Cs|T+Te)
63`00
11. ds<e eT+se[
63`00
12. d<#s B|
63`00
13. j`yeTXs++
63`00
14. ||+#ks++
63`00
15. < +yT
63`00
16. w >D| +yT
63`00
17. >T| k<q ++
63`00
18. >+<s +yT
63`00
19. k+<s\V] (eT+jT+se[)
63`00
20. jT+ eT+ +
63`00
21. bX| ++
99`00
22. |+#<X eTVK&Z ++
99`00
23. sT<c<jT'
99`00
24. eT+d~
120`00
25. |sXseT+yT
108`00
26. l\*$eT |+#<o
108`00
27. l >TsT ++
108`00
28. >jTr +yT
108`00
29. eTVX eT+ + sVk\T
150`00
30. l <TsZ +yT
200`00
31. eTVeTT+jTneTbX|yT
200`00
32. ds (H>)++
250`00
33. Veq ++
250`00
34. c&X++
250`00
35. XjT++
250`00
36. sT<jeT++
250`00
37. \|+s +yT
250`00
38. VsDXS* +yT
250`00

39. ej|+s +yT
250`00
40. l $Xs| |+s +yT
250`00
41. dssDuse++
250`00
42. o$X ++
250`00
43. X++yT
250`00
44. jT+d~
360`00
45. l \ +yT
360`00
46. eT+eTV<~ (d<e'\yT)
360`00
47. eT+eTV<~ (|sTw<e'\yT)
360`00
48. eT+Xg+ (>+<e)
360`00
49. |+s++
360`00
50. eT<qTe ++
360`00
51. XS*<TsZ++
360`00
52. l$< sVd+
290-00
53. se +yT
150`00
54. #s d< H>sTq++ (]q)
390-00
55. d<e* sVd+ (eT+,jT+dV+)
63-00
7. >+<\T ` s<q\T
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
u>eBZ X s dV+
u>eBZ (e#q+)
u>eBZ Xs+-dTu+&+>
>DX s<q 1
>DXbdq 2
qe>Vyue+
qe>V syT&dt
qe>V y<+
X>Vs<q
~s<q
dTVDs<q
l e s<q
\ s<q
VqTeT<s<q
\*s<q
l #s<q
>jTr s<q
54`00
99-00
72-00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
99`00

16. Msu<s<q
99`00
17. >Vs<q
99`00
18. usys<q
99`00
19. <ys<q
99`00
20. ^s<q (u>eBZ XsdV)
99`00
21. ly+fXs<q
99`00
22. VjT^ys<q
99`00
23. \qsd+Vs<q
99`00
24. l u|sdT+< k <++
99`00
25. <M eT+
99`00
26. |sD|+& dT+<s+& e#q+
99`00
27. |sD|+& sejTD+
99`00
28. |sD|+& us+
99`00
29. |sD|+& u>e+
99`00
30. (d]) y sejTD+
99`00
31. \ds j>+
99`00
32. J$e sT<\T
99`00
33. J$e qes\T
99`00
34. y<de\T
99`00
35. yeTq |<kseT+
99`00
36. |+&>\T |s~H\T
99`00
37. ds\T
99`00
38. VqTeT#]
99`00
39. qe>V <sqyT
99`00
40. J$+ qe>V\T
99`00
41. k\>eTe\T
99`00
42. >TsTX |uee #+<H&
99`00
43. X>Vs$T&dt
99`00
44. CdT<kse`Cy|<s
99`00
99`00
45. $yVCweT+]èsCe+>>& (ks>D|s&)
99`00
46. MT|{qB{ MTJ$sVk\T (qeTs\J |t>&) ,,
47. MTn<c (|sT) HyTsH
,,
99`00
48. qeTs\J s$T&dt
99-00
49. e|+#Xr
99`00
50. lseTseT+
99-00

51. sVdXg+
300-00
52. bdq $<q+
99-00
53. |+#eTy<+ eTVus+
99`00
54. <e &{ yT
99`00
55. >D|uw+
99`00
56. jTEs< |qjTq$yV|j>eT+]
99`00
57. qej>T\T
99`00
58. +<|<X<]+#e\dq |eK<sZ\T
99`00
99`00
59. d\<encs\T(|<~)`(180ncsXHee\)
60. d\<e ncsXHee\T (dtu+&+>)
216-00
61. d\<e dVdHeTe\T
99`00
62. < d ~
99`00
63. uVDT\T >\T,|es\T
99`00
64. ds<eds|&T l y+fXsT&T
99`00
65. l \d~
99`00
66. l\ >D| VeT\+
99`00
67. essY (sf,+>|PHsT+&)
99`00
68. e>&
99`00
69. #<s+>+
99`00
70. |+#eK VqTeTY yue+
63`00
71. >sT&|sD+
40`00
72. e|T|sD+
36`00
73. e|sD+
36`00
74. yXK|sD+
36`00
75. |sD+
36`00
76. |sD+ (q~)
25`00
77. dssd~ sejTDbsjTD
63`00
78. |<u\
50`00
79. >jTr eTVeT
36`00
80. e<e\T
63`00
81. jEw ks d+ks #+~
200`00
82. dHqy~ uVDks>eT\yT
150`00
83. #Ts<e\T
120`00
84. qe>Vs<q
120`00
85. | deVs >|s+
120`00
86. eTqT<s Xg+ (e#q+...) (dtu+&T)
250`00

87. eqe<seTT\T
120`00
88. y<eT+ d+V
120`00
89. dVd*+>sq
120`00
90. l e^
120`00
91. <<X|wT\T
120`00
92. |sD|+&y] k+<s\V]
(dtu+&)
250`00
(XsdV $|\yK)
k<
120`00
93. VY e k sse
200`00
94. VY <M ksse
200`00
95. VY $w ksse
200`00
96. <sH< <H< j>&T
63`00
97. <De X+Ke\T
63`00
98. 108 ~e<X\ $w<s
36`00
99. <sd+<Te(dtu+&+>)
270`00
100. usrjT Xej<]
99`00
101. \TL] uJ#]
36`00
102. u>eYdT
63`00
103. dsbdq
36`00
104. oK+&+
250`00
105. <Mu>e+
360-00
106. l +HjT+
216-00
107. <sd+<V\T
216-00
108. < <$ edTe\T
250-00
109. sejTD+
600`00
110. bq u>e+
900`00
111. eeT+eTT\T
63`00
8. y< >+<\T
1. Vs+ s>+
2. e*y< {\T
3. js< y< {\T
4. >Vy< sVk\T
5. >Vy<ks+
6. V$Tjy<+ (<<X\eD)
7. |y<+
8. Vs+`y<+
36`00
36`00
30`00
36`00
36`00
63`00
36`00
99`00

9. d+|Ps js<`{ y<+
99`00
10. js<yT
36`00
11. js< e*y<B|
99`00
12. <T+|Ls\T, Ls\T, jT>s\T (y&+ ` |j>\T)
99`00
13. @e*y<+
99`00
14. nc+> V<jT+ (4u>\T)
1200`00
15. sVdd<j>y<ksyT
99`00
16. b<$T V$Tjy<+
99`00
17. ud{
99`00
18. V>&
99`00
19. js<+`Jeqy<+
99`00
20. |&<s|
63-00
21. H#Ts<s|
99`00
22. d+|Pss> 20
63`00
23. H=|\T MT deTd...
99`00
24. j>eT+
63`00
25. j> eT+& T d+&
63`00
26. Vs yT&dH`VT&
99`00
27. V|
108`00
28. edT>TDbs+
250`00
29. skjTq yJsD ++
150`00
30. edT>TD eTs+<+
400-00
31. HTy<+ -(dtu+&)
360-00
32. HTy<+ (q~)
99-00
33. bDjeTe-j>
63-00
9. njT| ` uy s\T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
l njT| eT+
l njT| uqb\T
l njT| |PC\+
l njT| u ^\T
Vs>=qTe
l njT| B F
l njT| uqe\ F
l njT| |P P
30`00
63`00
20`00
20`00
40-00
10`00
10`00
10`00

9. l njT| jTee[ P
10`00
10. uyB (l uy eT+)
36`00
11. <MeT+
99`00
12. l <M |PC\+
20`00
13. <M u^\T
20`00
10`00
14. uyB P
10`00
15. <M ue\ F
16. l njT| uHe[
120`00
17. njT||PC$~ (CdT<dTk+>)
24`00
10. uq\T ` sq\T

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
nqeTjT sq\T
lseT<dT sq\T
ds<e eT+>VsT\T
edT+<s eT+> VsT\T
ku> <e eT+>VsT\T
ds<e uq\T
{ b{ b\T
CrjT ^\T
<Xu ^\T
|+&T>\T`|D\T u^\T
>=_b\T,*b\T,b\T
nqeTjT d+sq\T
|[b\T`d\b\T
uq+< uqsq\T(zdd)
ds<eueTDe\
TeT j\ b\T
nqeTjT d+sH~(1000sq\T)
1.
2.
3.
4.
|T+k\ u^\Tù>eBZ
mdt.|.u\T u^\T
|T+k\ dTeT<Ts^\T
|. dTo\ dTeT<Ts^\T
11. V{ k+>
20`00
20`00
20`00
25`00
36`00
36`00
10`00
10`00
36`00
36`00
36`00
99`00
36`00
36`00
36`00
36`00
270`00
36`00
36`00
99`00
99`00

5. mdt.|. u\T dTeT<Ts^\T
99`00
6. mdt.Cq dTeT<Ts^\T
99`00
7. y] dT+<sseTe]V{
99`00
8. ds<e du^\T
99`00
12. d\ |j |de\T
1. l+eTD e+\T (yC)

2. l+eTD e+\T (HHyC)
3. XVs e+\T
4. e+kVse+\T
5. {{\T
6. n+< {\T
7. |\\ |sT (|<~)
8. |\\ |sT (q~)
9. fdt m+us& XussY
10. fdt m+us& &CH
11. HsT\ sT
12. |d+<q bdt|& e+\T
13. |y\T, |& sdt\T, ys{sdt\T
14. y|`>TsT
15. ubdt e+\T
16. |+&T>\ #dT=H |+&e+\T
17. yTyyH e+\T
18. ds<eue\
19. |\\|sT (uT)
20. |\\|sT (b|)
21. y&H yTV+~ (>]+{ &CH)
22. y&H |\\|sT
23. Hs]+# HHyCe+\T
24. y&H f\]+> (&dt +{)
63`00
63`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
10`00
36`00
36`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
30`00
99`00
36`00
36`00
36`00
36`00
99`00
99`00
99`00
$$< s\T
m+<seTVqTue\T
j>dH\T
dsqeTkse\T
b&T| <\T (q$)
270-00
36`00
36`00
10`00

V+B`\T>T`du~
20`00
+^w`\T>T`du~
20`00
qs H&
20`00
qsT m\T
10`00
1`100 fT T
10`00
1`100 fTT (HdE)
4`50
lseT{
27`00
le{
27`00
yT
30`00
n+\ >s&
30`00
V<jTd+<q ($\T)
30`00
yjTq eTd\T
36`00
m.|.]dt >&T
36`00
+<C\ sVk\T
30`00
eTV+<C\ sVk\T
30`00
Xsuw (u& +>C)
99`00
jj>+
36`00
q+<+> J$<+
99`00
V]X+< H+
50`00
yjTqeTd\T
99`00
|+#kjT+
99`00
ssVk\T
99`00
nq+>s+>+ (+u+b{ djT+|wt)
99`00
X+>s[ (+u+b{ djT+|wt)
99`00
>jTr$CH
99`00
+eTD (H+)
50`00
u\H>eT
50`00
Vd d\ e<\T
36`00
Vd se+HjT j<+(~s&)
50`00
Vd >$+< He\ u>eBZ
36`00
Vd >VydT +eTD
99`00
Vd >VydT eTs\T (u+&T)
63`00
seTsjTydTXg+(e<>&sese)
90`00
m+.mdt.sY.VqTeH#k
10`00
m+.mdt.sY.dT+<s+&
80`00
V+>]J$#] (e+>T\)
125`00
l ~X+s#s ~e#]eT+
40-00

osyTXs eT <\T
63`00
l\*dVdHeTe(udsuw+)
600-00
|d<+e\T`y<$Cqe`|*C de\T
595`00
e<T+& $XH<sE>] >+<e\T
$Xs |Xe
80`00
bNqydTXk\T`<TydT|]o\q
,,
250`00
Hs< d+V
,,
150`00
ydTse\ueèqTy<e
,,
60`00
eTjTeTe ` e#qe
,,
80`00
V+V ` e#qe
,,
160`00
ydT$CqC
......
|sV <s (>sdMsu<#s)
....
$XsydT$<sVde\T ,,
....
ydT $Cq #+~
,,
....
eTV<X b]C+
,,
....
ydT HsjTDjT+ ,,
120`00
j>eK+&+
,,
120`00
eVAsd+<Te
150-00
dss#+~ (4u>\T)
1208`00
MTs qeTs\dt (<eP<)
370`00
sjTd+<T (2u>\T)
590-00
ks...
,,
45`00
l <TsZq+<\V]
,,
200`00
sksuu
,,
11`00
|w\'(k qsd+Ve])
500`00
EBHuu d#]
100`00
dTesT 100 d+s\TH{ bNq |T\T ]

+~ >+<e\T |#T]+#&q$.
lseT eT+qTcqe
lseTqese\'
dseT < dT< nj<+&
dseT < dT< u\+&
nsD+&
X<e m+<T |{* ? c&X d+kse\T
ks |] ]\T
q|+d d+Jeqe, y< seTD
$wy< +eTD
300-00
300-00
200-00
150-00
100-00
200-00
200-00
200-00
200-00

Ve~ d]D bjT<jT'
300-00
dse* >TDss+
300-00
|d+;jT <sd\T
300-00
dsX+ <sD+ - n|s |j> <sD+
200-00
>Ds+
200-00
d+q B|
200-00
~sjT D'
250-00
eVAs <sD+
200-00
Cw Xg se (l|C |<)
250-00
\|#e
200-00
l yKqd |yT~ |j>'
300-00
d sse (<sXg+)
400-00
CeTks+
300-00
C u~
300-00
d+^ $<<sD+
300-00
d+^ dssksd+>V+
300-00
eVAs es+&+({s+)
450-00
CsVd+
200-00
ses+&+
200-00
jsjTB|
200-00
y<eT+
200-00
nqTbqeT+
200-00
qe>VX+ $<q+`<X+ $~'
200-00
se
200-00
ds+eTD
200-00
<<XV ud$<q+
200-00
<ejTX $uwD+
200-00
nqTbq sse
200-00
eTe
250-00
<eseTe
300-00
sd+< +eTD
300-00
sds de#jT+
300-00
edT>TDsse
300-00
VsqTue<sDe
360-00
$Xs | ydTXge
250-00
dq \e*
450-00
d+^ dss d+>V+
300-00
d+^ dT<d+>Ve
250-00
ns |Xe
200-00
d+^ es+&e
200-00
d+^ |<eTu~
200-00

y<\sTe
200-00
sd|B|
250-00
>Dq+<e
250-00
l \*dVdHee['`$esD ue+
200-00
qe#+& y< l <M |PC\+
200-00
l >jTr nqTcq |
360-00
d+ês+&e
250-00
kse[
360-00
uw\e
200-00
>TsTw js< y<+eTD
360-00
CeTD
200-00
dsXq |
200-00
jEw |j> #+~
250-00
e`q+<eù>Te
300-00
ed+s Xqe
250-00
={ y<+
450-00
Cw d<+ d+>Ve (|+#+> >D+)
300-00
dVd j>|
300-00
l$<sVd+
290-00
eTVsT\ #] 1,3 300G300
y+ keTjJjT+ nqT <sXg+&e
250-00
l+HjT+
216-00
sT\es |*+
200-00
H& Cw $XwD
400-00
sVdXg+
300-00
d <ss u+&>se
200-00
Xyess+
300-00
jEw|j> HeTD
300-00
dTds TT>< |j><]
300-00
js< y< d+>V+
300-00
ew d+V
360-00
V$Tj| >Vy<+
200-00
e#&eTD
300-00
yX<s|
300-00
\jT sq |<
200-00
de|\+
300-00
|d+jTJjTyT
300-00
CwXgd+>Ve
200-00
s$bKjT+
360-00
eVQs se[
250-00
dT~$#q+
300-00
s eT+
200-00
ds$wjT dsdd+>V+
200-00

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by Sabbella Sivannarayana Reddy

Sri Vinayaka Publications, Kakinada.

Srinivas Koyyana, IIPC, FIP Mem., Kakinada. 9848095060

Layout & Design :

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j =] = n+X+ q+~. |r s $wj e+ @_bjT+>

MD, APMSIDC, Hyderabad

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MD, APMSIDC, Hyderabad

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