StrengthofMaterialsSolutions

ExampleProblem#1

x 10500 psi, Tensile

y 5500 psi

xy 4000

psi

3 0

Principalstresses:
1, 2

x y
x y

2
2

xy2

Substitutevaluesfromaboveyields:
1 11444 psi
2 6444 psi

Themaximumshearstressisdeterminedbythesetwoprincipalstressesas:
Max( max,12 , max,13 , max,23 )

3
1 2
max,1,3 1
2
2
11444 6444

8944 psi
2

max,12
max

max,23

2 3
2

Notethattheothermaximumshearstressesarelessthanthisvalue.

ExampleProblem#2
Thetotalstrainis:
total t

L 0.05

0.0005
L
100

Thistotalstrainisequalto:
t M T

Substituting:

F
T
EA

t 0.0005
E 30 * 10 6
A 1

6.5 * 10 6
T 100

andsolvingforFweget:
F=4500lbs
Thestressis4500psicompressive.

ExampleProblem#3
2000lb
6ft

20000lb
4.5ft

4.5ft

The2000lbscreatesabendingstressatQthatistensileandisequalto:
x

Mzy
Iz

Where

M z 2000 * 4.5 * 12
d
2
2
d 4
Iz
64
y

Substitutingintothebendingformula,weget
x 17188

psi

Thestressduetotheaxialloadiscompressiveandisequalto:
x'

F 20000

1591
A ( 2) 2

Thetotalstressis:

psi

17188 1591 15600

Problem#4

c
b
y

3/8
1.5

Locationofcenteroid:

Ay 2 Aa y a Ab y b

1.125 y 2(.375)(.75) .375(.5)

y 0.667

Theareamomentofinertia:
I z 2I a I b
1
(.25)(1.5) 3 .375(.75 .667) 2
12
1
Ib
(1.5)(.25) 3 .375(.667 .375 .125) 2
12
Ia

Theansweris:

I z 0.158 in 4

ThestressatDis:

M z c 10000 * (0.833)

57200
Iz
0.158

psi

notethatc=1.50.667=0.833
Problem#5:Curvedbeam
Theneutralaxisradiusis:
r r
42
rn o i
2.8854
ln(ro / ri ) ln( 4 )
2
Thestressatinnerradius(criticalpoint)is:
i

7/8

M (rn ri ) 30000( 2.8854 2)

57945
eAri
(3 2.8854)(2)(2)

psi

Thereisalsoanaxialstressof5000psiactingonthecrosssectionmaking
thetotalstressbecome
total 62945

psi

Problem#6:Torsionalstresses
Themaximumtorsionalshearstressis:

Tr 16T 16(2000 * 6 *12)

11460
J
d 3
(4)3

psi

FormProblem#3,thenormalstressonthesurfaceis15600psi.Thestate
ofstressisshownbelow:
xy
x

Theprincipalstressesarecalculatedasbeforeusing:
2

1, 2

x

x xy2 21662 and
2
2

ThemaximumshearstressatpointQis:
max

Problem#7

21662 6062
13860
2

psi

6062

psi

30

20

Theforcesintheupperportion(Fu)andlowerportion(FL)are:
FU

KU
F
KU K L

FL

KL
F
KU K L

Where
KU

EA
30

and

KL

EA
20

Substitutingintotheforceexpressions:
1
30

2
F (800) 320 lbs
1 1
5

30 20
3
FL F 480
5
FU

Themaximumstressis(480/0.5)=960psi
Problem#8

4ft

6ft

Thetorqueisdividedaccordingtotorsionalstiffnesses.Inthiscasetheleft
supportspicksus(6/10)=0.6ofthetorqueandtherightsupporttakes0.4of
thetorque.

Problem#9
P

ybar
yc

Crosssection

Thestressis

VQ
IZb

Findingthecentroidisasbefore:
y

2 * 4 * (2 4 1)
3.5
2( 2 * 4)

Theareamomentofinertiais:
I

Qis

1
1
(2)(4) 3 (2)( 4)(3.5 2) 2
(4)(2) 3 (2)(4)(5 3.5) 2 49.3
12
12

Q ( 2)(4)(5 3.5) 12

and

VQ
V (12)

11 V 90.4 lbs
I Z b 49.3(2)

Problem#10

VQ 250 * (1 * 6)(4.5)

11.8
IZb
285.6(2)

psi

Problem#11

Forthisthinwalledtube:

T
200 *1000

34.6 Mpa
2 At 2(38 * 38) 2

Theangleofrotationis:
TSL
200 *1000 * ( 4 * 38) * 50 *10

0.011 rad
2
4 A Gt
4(38 * 38) 2 * 79 *103 * 2
0.66 deg .

Problem#12
Thecriticalpointistheinnerradius.Thetangentialstressis:
Po Pi

2
r

Pi ri 2 Po ro2 ri 2 ro2

ro2 ri 2

Settingr=riandPi=0weget

2ro2
2(0.875) 2
t Po 2 2 11200 *
45733 psi
ro ri
0.8752 0.6252

Thestateofstressissimplejustthistangentialstresswhichisalsothe
principalstress.Fromtheory,weknowthattherearenoshearstresseson
thesesurfaceswhenthestresselementinorientedwithradialedges.

SF

57000
1.25
45733

Thefactorofsafetyis:

Problem#S13

Thecriticalpointistheinnerradius.Usingtheformula:
r 2 r 2 1 3 2
3
)(ri 2 ro2 i 2o
r )
8
r
3
3 .24
1 3(.24)
t (3320)(216.7) 2 (
)(12.5 2 75 2 75 2
(12.5) 2 )(10 6 )
8
3 .24
t 714963 pa

t 2 (

Problem#S14
Theinterfacepressureis:
E r (ro2 R 2 )( R 2 ri 2 )
P

2 R 2 (ro2 ri2 )

Theradialinterferenceis0.013mm.Substitutingallthenumbers:
E 207 * 10 3

R 20 ri 0 ro 40

TheanswerisP=50.4Mpa.
Problem#S15and#S16

6
12
6
1000

#S15

1000

#S16

Problem#S15:Usingtheimpactformulaandsimplifyingforh>>:

Fe

2hk
W

2 * 1 * 2.5 * 10 6
(1000) 70.7 * 10 3
1000

AE 1 * 30 * 10 6
K

2.5 * 10 6
L
12

lbs

Thestressis70.7ksi.

Problem#S16:Thetwobarsformapairoftwospringsinseries.The
equivalentspringis:

K1 K 2
AA
E
1( 2) 30 *10 6
1 2 ( )
(
) 33.3 * 10 6
K 1 K 2 A1 A2 L1
1 2
6

Ke

2hk
W

Fe

max 81.6

2 * 1 * 3.33 * 10 6
(1000) 81.6 * 10 3
1000

lb / in

lbs

ksi

Problem#17
Thearea,momentofinertia,andradiusofgyration:
A r 2 1.767
k

and

and

d 4 (1.5) 4

.2485
64
64

I
.375
A

Theslendernessratiois:
l
60

160
k .375

ThelimitfortheuseofEulerversusJohnsonformulais:
l

k

2 2 CE

Sy

2 2 (1)(30 * 10 6 )
93.3
68000

Sincetheslendernessratioislargerthanthelimit,theEulerformulaapplies:
Pcr C

2 EI 2 (30 *10 6 )(.2485)

20438
L2
60 2

ThefactorofSafetyis:
SF=20438/5655=3.6
b)Forthiscase:

A 0.60

I 0.0288

k 0.219

Theslendernessratiois:
l

18
82
0.0288
.60

WehavetousetheJohnsonFormula:

SyL

Pcr A S y

2k
24975
SF
4.42
5655

1
1
68000 *18 2
0.6 68000
(
) 24975
6
CE
2 (.219)
30 *10

Problem#S18:BasedonDET:
Tr 16T 16 * 20000

12732.4
J
d 3
(2) 3
.58S y .58 * 50000
FS

2.27

12732.4

psi

BasedonMST:
FS

.5 S y

Problem#S19
Forthiscastiron:
S ut 30000 0.211 .26 lbs / in 3

Thecriticalpointistheinnerradius
3 2
r 2 r 2 1 3 2
)(ri ro2 i 2o
r )
8
r
3
.26
3 .211
1 3(.211) 2
t
( ) 2 (
)(2 * 5 2 32
(3) )
386
8
3 .211
t .0147 2

t 2 (

lbs

Sincethisisaprincipalstressandtheotherprincipalstressiszero(radial
stressiszeroontheinnerradius),weequatethisstresstoSut.
0.0147 2 30000
1428 rad / sec

13600

rpm

Problem#S21
Thequestioninthisproblemisthefactorofsafetyagainsteventualfatigue
failure.Firstwecalculatethemaximumnominalshearstress:

Tr 56(103 )(10)

35.6 Mpa

J
(20) 4
32

Wewouldapplythefatiguestressconcentrationfactortothenominalstress
togettheactualstress
1.48(35.6) 52.8

Mpa

TheneedtofindtheVonMisesstressandcompareittostrength
v,a

3 2 91.4

Mpa

Onthestrengthside,theestimateoftheendurancelimitoftherotating
bendingfatiguespecimenishalfofthetensilestrengthforsteels:
Se' (0.5)518 259

Mpa

Applyingthecorrectionfactorstoestimatetheendurancelimitofthispart:
Se (0.9)(0.78)(256) 182

Thefactorofsafetyis:
n

182
2
91

Mpa