BATAAN NATIONAL PARK

Ecotourism Management Plan

I.

Existing Situation

1. Area and Physical Profile

The Protected Area (PA) was first proclaimed as Bataan National Park (BNP) in 1945
by virtue of Proclamation No. 24, covering an area of 31,000 hectares. However, subsequent
amendments of the proclamation eventually reduced the parks coverage to 18,335 hectares.
The amendments excluded portions of the park for various purposes, such as the
establishment of the Mt. Samat National Shrine, Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, Kanawan
Negritos Reservation Area, and classifying land for timberland purposes. At present, the BNP
is still an initial component of the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS).
2.

Location/ Area

The Bataan National Park is located at coordinates 14 o 37 50 to 14o 50 10 latitude

and 120o 15 to 120o 25 longitude. The PA shares territorial jurisdiction with the
Municipalities of Orani, Hermosa, Samal, Abucay, Bagac, and Morong of Bataan province.
It is bounded on the north by the Subic Forest and Watershed Reserve (SFWR) and the
municipalities of Dinalupihan and Hermosa, Bataan, on the south by the municipality of
Bagac, and the city of Balanga, on the west by the municipality of Morong, and on the east
by the municipalities of Orani, Samal, and Abucay, Bataan facing Manila Bay
3.

Climate

BNP falls under Climatic Type 1 (Coronas classification from Kintanar, 1984) that is
characterized by a distinct dry and wet season. The wet season starts from the month of May
to October while the dry season prevails for the rest of the year. The rainiest months are
June, July, and August with monthly average of 172.97 mm. Fluctuation in the average
temperature may occur throughout the year. Extremes are in April and May with a mean
temperature of 28.6C. There are also fluctuations in the average relative humidity values
throughout the year. The lowest values were noted during the months of January to April
with values of 57 to 66.7%; while the highest values were recorded during the moths of July
to August with values of 82.5 to 82.9%.
4. Geological Characteristics
Radiometric dating shows that the volcanic feature of Mt. Natib is divided into three
(3) main stratigraphic groups: old, middle, and young volcanic (EBASCO, 1977). The old
volcanic is a product of the ancestral Natib volcano. Age is estimated to range from 1.8 to
3.9 million years before present (mybp). The middle volcanic is estimated to be 1.8 to 3.9
mybp also. These volcanic are associated with the parasitic cones such as Mt. Apisan, Mt.
1.

Pinoonan, Mt. Sta. Rosa, and Mt. Silanganan. The young volcanic overlay both the old and
middle volcanic. These are associated with Mt. Natib Peak, Mt. Tiawir, and eventually the
Mt. Natib crater. The last eruption of Mt. Natib crater is between 30,000 and 100,000 years
ago.
Significant geologic structures are found in BNP. The Natib Caldera is an arcuate
highly defined structure with well-preserved walls, volcanic cones and domes near the rim.
Mountains Sta. Rosa, Pinoonan, Silanganan and Apisar and the domes of Mt. Natibs peak,
Tiawir and Tala delineate it. The Calderas dimension is estimated to be 7.5 km. east to west.
Hydrothermal altered grounds and many thermal springs are found in the Caldera. A volcanic
vent or collapsed structure and faults are also present. Exploratory wells suggest that the
hydrothermal system may not be economically viable to develop.
5. Demography
Based on the population study of PA communities conducted by Bataan NGO
Consortium (BNC) in 1995, the population of communities within BNP is 3,514 individuals.
This corresponds to 1,701 households (Table 1).
The start of gradual migration into the area has not been established. By 2010, the
dominant ethnic group for the entire province is the Tagalogs (NSO). Tagalog as a mother
tongue is spoken by 96.2% of the population. The Aetas are the only indigenous group
inhabiting the BNP. These groups live in several Aeta Settlement areas.

2.

Table 1.Selected data regarding the population demographics of Bataan National Park and the
Bataan
Province
(NSO,
1995;
BNC,
1995).

6. Existing Infrastructure
A DENR-BNP Office Building located in Bangkal, Abucay, Bataan was established to
house the management and supervision works of the PASu and BNP Staff. The office can
accommodate the staff and visitors, meetings and FGDs. It will provide visitors information
needs since over-all BNP monitoring works, records and other documents are filed and kept.

3.

Two BNP Nature Center serve as briefing and information center for park visitors.
These are located at Brgy. Tala, Orani, and Looc, Morong, Bataan. BNP Staff and Forest
Rangers are assigned to each facility to conduct park monitoring and patrolling, record
visitors arrival and assist in their needs.
A. Health Facilities
Bataan has six public and six private hospitals with a total bed capacity of 1,327.
Aside from these, there are 242 private medical clinics at the municipal and barangay levels,
122 dental clinics, 18 rural health units, 223 barangay health stations, and 275 day-care
centers.
B. Educational Facilities
Bataan has a total of 186 public elementary schools, 42 private elementary schools, 32
public secondary schools, and 24 private secondary schools. Four public institutions offer
vocational courses.
College education can also be obtained within the province. At present, there are
seven public institutions and 12 private schools offering various degree and
technical/vocational courses.
C. Power Supply
The Peninsula Electric Company (PENELCO) provides electrification service in the
whole province of Bataan. The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant is also situated within the Bataan
National Park in Morong, Bataan but it is not operational.
D. Water Supply
Municipal Water Districts distribute water supply to most households located within
the Bataan National Park like the towns of Orani, Bagac, Hermosa and Morong. Some
households rely on groundwater and have artesian and common wells, pumps and pipelines
with tanks. On the other hand, a few depend on the natural springs for water supply.
7. Transportation
The following table shows the information and details of itinerary to the present
location of Protected Area Superintendent Office and identified ecotourism sites of BNP.

4.

A. Office of the PASU

Itinerary
Manila to Balanga City
Balanga City to PASU Office

Mode of
Transport
Bus
Jeepney

Itinerary
Manila to Layak, Dinalupihan
Layak, Dinalupihan to Abucay
Abucay to PASU Office

Mode of
Transport
Bus
Bus
Jeepney

Distance
160 kms
Distance
160 kms

Estimated
Travel Time
3 hours
Estimated
Travel Time
3 hours

B. Ambon-ambon Falls, Limutan Falls

Mode of
Transport
Bus

160 kms

Estimated
Travel Time
3 hours

Jeep/ Mini Bus

25 kms

30 minutes

Four Wheel Drive

Hike

6 kms
1 km

45 minutes

Itinerary
Metro Manila to Balanga City
Balanga City to Brgy.
Binukawan
Brgy. Binukawan to SitioIpil-Ipil
SitioIpil-Ipil to Destination

Distance

C. Pilis Falls
Mode of
Transport

Itinerary
Metro Manila to Brgy. Gugo
Brgy. Gugo to Palili
Brgy. Palili to Pilis Falls

Bus
Jeep/ trike
Mountain Climb

Distance
108 kms
7 kms
200 m

Estimated Travel
Time
2 hours
20 mins
1 hour

D. Mt. Natib Falls, Pasukulan Falls

Mode of
Transport

Itinerary
Metro Manila to Layak,
Dinalupihan
Layak, Dinalupihan to Tala
Junction
Tala Junction to BNP Nature
Center
II.

Distance

Estimated
Travel Time

Bus

119 kms

2 hours

Bus

4 kms

15 minutes

Tricycle

8 kms

30 minutes

Tourism Profile
5.

1. Natural Resource Base

A. Natural Ecosystems
Bataan National Park serves as a habitat to diverse terrestrial, marine and freshwater
organisms. The following are the major habitat types occurring in BNP:
a. Grasslands and Agricultural Areas
Of the BNPs total land area of 18,335 hectares, at least 5,623 ha or 30.67% are
grasslands and agricultural areas (Table 2). Majority of the low-lying areas comprise this
habitat type.
Table 2. Summary of Vegetation Type Features in Bataan National Park (PIU, 1998a).
Vegetation Type
Elevation
Area
As Percentage
Distribution
(Hectare)
(%) of Total
Grasslands and Agricultural Sea level to 900 masl
5,623
30.67
areas
Lowland forest
300 m. to 900 masl
10,990
59.94
Montane forest
900 m. to 1,100 masl
1,495
8.15
Mossy forest
1,100 m. to 1,250 masl
227
1.24
TOTAL
18,335
100.00
Grasslands covered much of the deforested areas not under agricultural production.
This area consists of largely of grassy patches (Imperata cylindrica and Saccharum
spontaneum) and disjunct lots of residual forests. Great extent of the grassland area is usually
burned to stimulate new growth of grass for cattle grazing but it hampers secondary forest
formation.
b. Lowland Forest
As shown in Table 2, this habitat type occupies 10,990 hectares or 59.94% of the
protected area. Lowland forest is found from 300 to 900 masl. Much of the lowland forest is
partially logged. As elevation increases, disturbances become less.
Dipterocarp species are commonly found in this habitat type. The canopy range of the
largest trees is from 20 m. to 25 m. with occasional trees reaching up to 30 m. Average
diameter ranges from 50 cm 100 cm. The under-story of this forest is composed of tree
saplings, ferns, and herbaceous vegetation. Dense clumps of pandans (Pandanus sp.) and
arborescent palms (Arenga pinnataand Caryota cumingii) are common in the area. Ficus
species are also present. On the other hand, epiphytes are uncommon. Vines including rattans
(Calamus sp., Daemonorops sp., and Pothos sp.), climbing bamboo (Schizostachyum

6.

diffusum) and climbing ferns (Lygodium sp.) are uncommon to abundant, particularly off
main trails.
The soil essentially lacks humus and numerous rocky outcrops are found along
steeper slopes and along streambeds and tributaries. Traces of extensive rattan extraction, old
and recent tree-stumps, traps, makeshift dwellings and an extensive system of man-made
trails are manifestations of human activities inside this habitat type.
c. Semi Evergreen Forest
Towards the northwestern side of BNP, there is a patch of forest that is
characteristically dry and water-stressed during several months when this side undergoes a
distinct dry season (Fernando, 1997). Deciduous trees occur alongside the evergreen species,
in a formation similar to the Semi-evergreen forest (Whitmore, 1984). Common dipterocarp
species found are the Shorea contorta, along with Strombosia philippensis, Diospyrospilos
anthera, and Cleistanthus blancoi. Schizostachyum lumampao (buho) is also common and so
do the woody climbers such as Phanera integrifolia, Symphorema luzonicum, and Uncaria
velutina.
d. Montane Forest
Montane forest, occur on several peaks over 1,000 masl within BNP. The canopy of
montane forest is moderately open and relatively shorter compared to the lowland forest.
Trees of Syzygium sp. (Family Myrtaceae) are common. Within this forest, certain trees lack
buttresses and the average canopy height is 15 m. Average dbh of canopy tree is 30 cm.
Forests understory is generally denser than in lowland forest. Climbing bamboos (S.
diffusum) remain abundant in many areas. Erect palms (Pinanga spp.) at least 4-6 m. in
height are common. Tree ferns (Cyathea spp.) are present. Oak trees (Lithocarpus spp.) and
gymnosperm trees (Podocarpus spp.) are noted. Epiphyte loads of larger trees are moderate
to moderately heavy. At least 40 to 60% of the larger trees have epiphytes on the trunks or
larger branches. Lianas are relatively uncommon. Ficus spp. becomes uncommon. In
relatively level areas, humus depth varies from 10-30 mm. Human disturbances include
rattan extractions, collection of orchids and other epiphytes, human leftovers, and some
human trails.
e. Mossy Forest
Mossy forest is confined along the peripheries of Mt. Natib Peak at 1,100 masl up to
near the peaks summit. In this forest, the vegetation is dominated by dwarf stands of trees
belonging to families Vacciniaceae and Theaceae. Melastomaceae and Podocarpaceae are
also common. The trees lack buttressed roots although some have support stilts. The average
height of trees is between 8-9 m. with dbh of about 10 cm. Reduction of tree size (short) and
stature (gnarly) are noticeable in this forest. The understory is principally composed of
luxuriant growth of creeping pandans and small ground palms, ferns, and orchids. No figs are
7.

noted. The ground of this forest is often covered with earthworm castings and is moister
compared to the forests below. Human induced modifications are few, consisting of few
human trails, cut rattan stems, and leftovers.
f. Marine and Freshwater Communities
The BNPs coasts are characterized by an irregular series of alternating peninsulas,
small embayment and sandy beaches. A marine study recorded at least 74 species of benthic
algae, 3 genera of sea grasses, 123 species of phytoplankton, 254 species of benthic
invertebrates and 155 species of fishes (PNPP-NPC, undated).
The same study noted that in the 9 perennial rivers and creeks inside BNP, there were
23 species of fishes, 28 species of invertebrates and 39 species of phytoplankton.
B. Attractions
There are several potential eco-tourism sites within Bataan National Park.
In Barangay Tala, one famous tourist destination is the Mt. Natib peak, the highest
summit in the entire Natib Caldera System. Rising to 1253 meters and lying in between the
larger old caldera and the smaller Pasukulan Caldera, it provides a great view of the
surrounding towns. Mt. Natib is a dormant volcano and represents the latest of the volcanic
edifice to develop in the area. Only Mt. Natib among the peaks in Bataan National Park
possesses a mossy forest characterized by small-stunted trees covered by dense growth of
mosses, ferns, and other epiphytes. The peak of Mt. Natib is covered by small patch of
grassland. Also found in it is the municipal boundary monument (MBM) indicating the
common meeting point of the municipalities of Abucay, Bagac, Morong, and Samal. The
peak is connected to Site A via footpath found on the northwestern flank of the mountain.
Pasukulan Falls, form part of the upper reaches of Malaking Ilog River, is set at the
southern edge of the smaller caldera east southeast of Mt. Natib. It is the highest of all the
falls selected under potential eco-tourism sites (approx. 180 ft). Narrow cascading water
plunging into deep pool characterized the falls.
Binutas, as it is locally named after its initial development during the construction
of the road network by PNOC for its exploration, is a high altitude place that serves as a view
point where tourists can experience the coolness of the surrounding air, feel the facing winds
combined with fogs, watch a flying flock of Lawin birds and see the unique mountain
features.
Tala River is also popular for its rushing and cold waters. It is one of the several
natural attractions where locals and visitors stay for picnics, camping and swimming.

8.

Kairukan Falls, located in one of the two upper tributaries of Kairukan River, drains
the northwest flank of Mt. Silanganan. The falls, borne from a narrow cascading headwater,
is of moderate height (approx. 150 ft.) descending into a deep plunge pool about 30 feet in
diameter. A single trail originating from Barangay Binaritan can be used as an access to the
falls. However, the trail itself ends some 500 meters from the falls and one has to traverse
upstream to reach the falls.
Meanwhile, in Barangay Binukawan, breath-taking nature landscapes can be found.
These are the Ambon-Ambon Falls, Limutan River tributary waterfalls, and a locally-named
waterfall called Mahangin Falls. These are located inside the BNP protected forest
composed of large forest trees, wide variety of birds and species of insects, huge rocks and
boulders and fascinating rock-wall formation. The rushing cold water in Limutan River
springs offers a refreshing natural drinking water. All waterfalls which form part of Limutan
River provide a plunge pool suitable for swimming.
Marukdok Falls coursing the headwaters of Gantuan River is one of the most
accessible of the water falls in BNP. It is well known among the local inhabitants of Morong
and Bagac and frequently visited during summer. The headwaters of Gantuan River drain the
west slope of Bataan Peak and pass through Sitio Limuranin as it descends to Matikis Bay.
The route leading to Bataan Peak can be used as an access to the falls.
The separate area along the coast of Matikis Gulf, close to small community of
Gantuan is also selected for eco-tourism. The sites water depth change is gradual compared
to other areas of the gulf, plunging to no less than 10 meters from 100 meters distance from
the shoreline. Within the same area, along the sandy stretch, leading towards north is a small
estuarine area formed by the outlet of three converging rivers: Gantuan, Marukdoc, and
Salian. At about less than a kilometer away from the mainland shoreline is the Matikis Islet
and environs. The islet is connected from the mainland by about 150 meters stretch of
saddle consisting of boulders and coral fragments. The saddle is partially raised above sea
level during low tide and submerged during high tide. The cove of Matikis Bay and upper
portion of the beach covering an area of 47.39 hectares is being developed into first-class
tourist destination beach resort by the LGTM Corporation including Matikis islet.
Pilis Falls is located in Pilis Creek. Its water cascades down a steep-slope cliff northnortheast of Mt. Nagpali. The falls, with an approximate height of 120 feet, is unique for not
having a plunge pool. However, indications of past landslides on both sides may have filled
up the plunge pool.
Bataan National Park also possesses several thermal springs. Most of these thermal
springs are found within the Old Caldera with dense forest cover, which later will be included
as part of the Strict Protection Zone. All are described as no more than relatively small,
abruptly flowing stream of thermal water immediately converging to an adjacent non-thermal
tributary.
9.

Most thermal springs are located in deep gorges with high risk of increasing erosion.
The spring can be distinguished by the rust-colored mineralized particulate being extruded
from an underground source, either adhering on boundaries along banks or merely setting to
the springs bottom. Access to the thermal springs is often difficult and risky. Strict
management protocol and engineering measures must be applied in order to develop access
leading to the area.
C. Natural Resources
The significance of BNP as a protected area is underscored by the fact that it is the
site of the remaining old growth forests in the Zambales Biogeographic Zone. Some
characteristic species not found elsewhere, such as the mountain roses and fire orchids, are
still present within the BNP.
Some notable flora and fauna found in BNP are dipterocarp tree species like apitong,
tanguile, and white lauan, as well as the endemic and threatened Green racquet-tail, Greenfaced parrot-finch, Philippine warty pig, and Philippine brown deer.
1) Flora
The park is covered with dipterocarp forest (residual and reproduction brush), mossy
forest and thirty (30) percent of the total area of the park is open/cultivated and planted to
agricultural crops and fruits bearing trees; other portion is covered with brushes or grasses.
The following are the vegetation composition of the Bataan National Park:
Common Name
Hagonoy
Ooke
Sambong
Malapaho
Pahutan
Mangga
Dao
Cashew
Balinghasai
Ligas
Amugis
Lamie
Dulit
Pagsahingin
Piling-piling
Apitong

Scientific Name
Wedelia biflora
Mikania scandens
Blumea balsamifera
Mangifera altissima
Mangifera monandra
Mangifera indica
Dracontomelon dao
Anacardium occidentale
Buchanania arborescens
Semecarpus cuneiformis
Koordersiodendron pinnatum
Dracontomelon edule
Canarium hirsutum
Canarium asperum
Canarium luzonicum
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
10.

Tangile
White Lauan
Dalingdingan
Palosapis
Balete
Tangisang bayawak
Himbabao
Hagimit
Hauli
Tubig
Agus-us
Tangisang lagaya
Bubulung
Salisia
Anubing
Sablot
Kalingag
Puso-puso
Sablot
Kalingag
Puso-puso
Rain Tree
Ipil-ipil
Kakawate
Narra
Mangium
Auri
Fire Tree
Cupang
Bani
Tanglin
Akleng parang
Borotongol
Alahan
Rambutan
Kapulasan
Licheas
Banato
Binunga
Marantik
Malabonga
Malabag-ang

Shorea polysperma
Pentacme contorta
Hopea foxworthyi
Anisoptera thurifera
Ficus balete
Ficus variegata
Allaranthus luzonicus
Ficus minahassae
Ficus septica
Ficus nota
Paratropis philippinensis
Ficus latsoni
Ficus caulocarpa
Ficus benjamina
Artocarpus ovatus
Litsea glutanisa
Cinnamonum mercadoi
Neolitsea vidalii
Litsea glutinosa
Cinnamonum mercadoi
Neolitsea vidalii
Samanea saman
Laucaena leucocephala
Gliricidia sepium
Pterocarpus indicus
Acacia auriculaeformis
Acacia mangium
Delonix regia
Parkia roxburghii
Pongamia pinnata
Adenanthera intermedia
Albizia procera
Allophylus grossendatus
Guiea koeleutria
Nephelium lappaceum
Nephelium mutabile
Litchi chinensis
Mallotus philippinensis
Macaranga tanarius
Glochidion spp.
Alseodaphne malabonga
Glochidiion album
11.

Alim
Takip-asin
Matang-hipon
Bignai
Balanti
Binayuyo
Tuai
Salingogon
Bitanghol
Paguringon
Binucao
Kaliuas
Kamagong
Bolong-eta
Daram
Nino
Bangkal
Kapi-kapi
Tagotoi
Molave
Barikai
Tambalau
Sakat
Malaruhat
Kaburo
Tamayuan
Makaasim
Ugpoi
Hingiw
Alasan
Nito
Tagpo
Kaliantan
Liusin
Malabayabas
Lamog
Katagpo
Palis
Bikal
Kamagaa
Kalantas
Palosanto

Mallotus multiglandolusa
Macaranga glandifolia
Breynia rhamnoides
Antidesma bunius
Homolanthus papulneus
Antidesma ghassembella
Bischofia javanica
Cratoxylon formosum
Calophyllum lancifolium
Cratoxylon celebicum
Garcinia binucao
Kayea paniculata
Diospyros philippinensis
Diospyros pilocanthera
Wendlandia luzonicum
Morinda bracteata
Nauclea orientalis
Randia uncaria
Palaqium foxworthy
Vitex parviflora
Linociera racemosa
Knema glomerata
Terminalia vitens
Cleistocalyx operculatus
Phoebe stercculioides
Strombosia philippinensis
Syzgium nitidum
Phanera integrifolia
Ichnocapus volubiles
Arytera litoralis
Lygodium circinatum
Ardisia squamulosa
Leea philippinensis
Parinari corymbosia
Tristania decorticata
Planchonia spectabilis
Psychotria spp.
Callicarpa erioclona
Schizostachyum diffusum
Connarus semidecandrus
Toona Kalantas
Triplaris cumingiana
12.

Maniknik
Dita
Anabiong
Ilang-ilang
Mamalis
Sapinit
Malassantol
Danglin

Palaqium tenuipetiolatum
Astonia scholaris
Trema otientalis
Canaga odorata
Pittosporum pentandrum
Lantana camara
Sandoricum vidalii
Rewia multiflora

2) Fauna
Birds and mammals found inside the park includes:
Common Name
Large-billed crow
Black-naped oriole
Brahminy kite
Green pigeon
Spotted buttin quail
Banded rail
Jungle fowl
White-collared kingfisher
Philippine hanging parakeet
Common caual
Pygmy woodpecker
Yellow-vented bulbul
Chestnut-headed bee-eater
Wild pig
Deer
Monkey
Brown shrike
Philippine bulbul
Chestnut mannikin
Crested myna
Pygmy swiftlet
Hornbill
Owl
Bleeding heart pigeon
Cattle egret
Wild duck
Green imperial pigeon
Wild cat

Local Name
Uwak
Kuliaoan
Lawin
Bato-bato
Pugo
Tikling
Labuyo
Kasay-kasay
Kulasisi
Sabukot
Karpentero
Pulangga
Parik-parik
Baboy damo
Usa
Matsing/unggoy
Tarat
Luklak
Maya
Martinez
Layang-layang
Kalaw
Kuwago
Tagak
Pato
Balud
Musang
13.

Lamiran
Monitor lizard

Musang
Bayawak

3) Water Resources
The watersheds of the BNP are the main sources of ground and surface water that
supply the domestic, industrial, and agricultural needs of upland and downstream
communities around the PA. Lowland agricultural lands found along the eastern (Manila
Bay Side) and western coasts (South China Sea side) of Bataan draw its irrigation water
from the surface water that originated from BNP. Similarly, the communities of Bataan tap
water from springs, rivers, and wells for domestic supply. The fresh surface and sub-surface
that flow down from the elevated areas of BNP also contribute significantly to the
preservation of the brackish water environment found along the coastal margins of Bataan.
This preservation is vital to the survival of aquaculture, which is one of Bataans most
important industries. Table 3 shows the major watersheds of BNP.

Table 3.Major watersheds of Bataan National Park.

Major Watershed
Area(inha)
Morong River Watershed
6,602.53
Almacen Watershed
8,080.30
Talisay
2,157.31
Bagac
1,538.05
Kabayo
782.98
Sutuin
1,468.71
Bayandati
2,346.70
Total Watershed Area 22,976.58
BNPs natural features also offer potential ecotourism opportunities geared towards
adventurers and nature lovers. The natural attractions in the PA include the Mt. Natib peak,
Kairukan Falls, Marukdok Falls, Pasukulan Falls, Pilis Falls, Matikis Gulf, and several
thermal springs found within the Old Caldera.
4) Resource Use Practices Profile
A study conducted by the CPPAP Project Implementing Unit (PIU) in 1998 revealed
that a lot of species of plants and animals inside the BNP are being used in various ways. The
following are conclusions derived from this study:

14.

The number of species used by the Aetas is significantly greater than those
used by the migrants.
The Aetas recognize a greater number of medicinal plants species compared to
the migrants. However, the use of medicinal plants waned due to the
availability of other forms of medicine;
Gathering of bamboos and honey are the most important income-generating
use of the forest by the Aetas;
Quantity of catch registered a decline due to decrease in number of species
hunted and increase in number of hunters;
The most frequently hunted species are the Philippine Brown Deer (Cervus
mariannus), Philippine Warty Pig (Sus philippinensis), Fruit Bats (Acerodon
jubatus and Pteropus spp.), and Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
for mammals; Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus), Hanging Parakeet (Loriculus
philippinensis), Button quails (Turnix spp.), Doves (Psittacidae), and
Hornbills (Buceros hydrocorax and Penelopides manilae) for birds, and
Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator) for herpes.
Apart from traditional methods, the use of highly sophisticated gadgets such as
rifle guns, blasting and improvised nets have increased;
Fish, crabs, and snails are caught from the rivers and creeks for food or to be
sold;
The most commonly used medicinal plants are sambong (Sphaeranthus
africanus), lunas-bundok (no scientific name), and pakayumkum (Selaginella
sp.);
Important source of timber is mainly dipterocarps but the species commonly
used for charcoal production include: Malabayabas (Tristania decorticate),
Bolong-ita(Diospyrospilos anthera), and Kakawate (Glericidia sepium).

2. Cultural Resource Base

a. Cultural, Historical, Archaeological Sites
Abucay
On June 23, 1647, Abucay was the site of the massacre of 400 Pampangos who fought
against Dutch invaders. The town witnessed the heroism of the Filipinos who resisted against
foreign colonizers like the Spaniards, the Dutch, the Americans and the Japanese.
Bagac
Bagac, in 1578, was founded by the Fransiscan Fathers. It was a part of Corrigemento de
Mariveles until Bataan was created as a province in 1754. Bagac had played an essential role
in defending Bataan during the World War II. It was also the start of the historical Death
March, and now stands as the marker and a zero kilometer point post. The municipality was
the last stand of the Allied Forces in the Philippines against Japan during WWII. To
commemorate the peace and friendship between the two countries, the Japanese Friendship
was built by Risho-Koseki of Japan.
15.

Morong
Even before the Spaniards reached Bataan and the Fransiscan Friars formally established
it as a municipality in 1578, Morong had already been a well-organized community.

Orani
In 1714, the town of Orani became an independent missionary center where the
Dominican friars built the church and quarters in Bataan. In September 16, 1852, an
earthquake hit the town which almost brought it down and its major buildings. In 1891, Orani
resumed its growth but on March 16, 1938, there was a great fire that burned down almost
of the whole town. The reconstruction started but before they could even finish, the World
War II broke out. The town of Orani, once again, suffered from tremendous destruction. After
WWII, it is when the people started to rebuild their town again.
Samal
Samal was first established as a visita of Abucay on June 15, 1596 by Dominicans. On
April 20, 1941, it was recognized as a separate town.
Hermosa
The town of Hermosa was established on May 8, 1756. It was the provincial headquarters
of Dominicans in Bataan during the British Invasion.
b. Festivals and Events
Morong
One of the most anticipated festivals in the municipality of Morong is the Pawikan
Festival. It is celebrated in Barangay Nagbalayong which is the site of the community-based
Pawikan Conservation Program which started in 1999. The festival is timely with the nesting
season of sea turtles and so many tourists come to witness sea turtles come up to the shore
and lay their eggs. Also, they are able to adopt-a-turtle in which they personally hold and
release a baby turtle into the sea.
Samal
Every April 30, Samal celebrates the Feast of Santa Catalina, the patron saint of Samaleo
(people of Samal).
c. Indigenous/ ethnic cultures
The communities inside and adjacent the BNP are an ethnic mosaic dominated by
migrants. However, the Aetas are considered the original inhabitants of the PA. Aetas used
to live near the coastal areas. But as the migrants colonized these areas, the Aetas were
pushed back to the upland where they are domiciled at present.

16.

In a census conducted in 1994, some 651 Aeta households were recorded in Bataan.
There are two major Aeta reservations found adjacent and inside the park, in Barangays
Bangkal and Kanawan. The Indigenous People (IPs) are directly dependent on forest
resources giving more focus on the utilization of forest products and less on land cultivation.
Like most IPs, they have strong affinity with the forest. They believe that the forest not only
provide them food and shelter, but these have become their refuge in times of sickness and in
times of war.
There is distinction in the gender distribution of activities among the Aetas. Males are
involved in fishing; hunting and extraction of forest products while the females do collection
of firewood, household works, and gathering of medicinal herbs.
While the Aetas claim their forest is still a big part of their life, their agricultural lands
that are mainly cultivated through Gasakor swidden farming, have become their primary
source of income. Ownership of land by the Aetas is communal but gradually
individual/household land claims are being established.
Aeta culture has adapted to new conditions and assimilated new ones. Their own
cultural songs, dances and poetry are almost forgotten that even among the elders, only a few
remember due to strong influences of migrants from the lowlands. The traditional forms of
healing, use of native costumes, and other indigenous beliefs have been greatly affected by
modernization.
The traditional form of governance of the Aetas is the presence of tribal chieftain and
the tribal council composed of elders of the village. The chieftain usually represents the
whole Aeta tribe in political affairs and decisions are arrived at in the tribal council.
3. Market Analysis
Tourist Arrivals both foreign and local tourist gained an increasefor the province of
Bataan. A tourism segment includes families, students, balikbayans, both company and
government employees and package tours and other nature activities. The Balanga City with
the establishment of New Landmark Project, it is expected to have tourist arrivals of about
100,000 beginning year 2011.
4. Accommodation
Hikers/mountaineers who want to spend overnight in the area can avail the existing
board and lodging facility Le Petit de Baguio, a highland resort operated by a French-Filipino
couple.
The park visitors can also arrange home-stay if they want to interact with the
community residents. Hikers and mountaineers can peg tents in designated camping areas
17.

only. One area is in SitioBakyas (Site A) which is halfway to Mount Natib and Pasukulan
Falls. The other (Site B) right at the foot of Mount Natib.
5. Tourism Services
a. Facilities and General Tourist Information
The provincial government of Bataan established the Bataan Tourism Center as
primary office of the Department of Tourism in the province. It provides assistance to
municipal tourism office and implements programs on skills trainings, promotes the tourism
business, conduct planning and monitoring for tourist arrivals. The province of Bataan have
different private, government owned and NGO tourist destinations and development such as
Pawikan Conservation Center, BCDA Management Holdings Inc. formerly UN Refugee
Center, Mt. SamatZipline, Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific, Bataan Nuclear Plant,
Pilgrimage Churches, Bataan World War II Museum and Souvenir shops.
b. Utilities
The municipalities within the BNP have complete utilities: power supply, water
supply and telecommunications. Some even have cable services brought by the Clear Vision
Cable TV Company.
c. Communication
Telephone lines are present in the province of Bataan. Digitel and Bataan
Telephone Exchange (Battlex) are the major telephone companies that operate in the
area.
Telegraph companies are likewise in service. The Bureau of
Telecommunications and Philippine Postal Corporation are open for telegraph and postal
needs.
d.

Safety/Security

Bataan National Park host several natural attractions and ecotourism sites, due
to its proximity several mountaineering clubs/hikers and ecotourist visits and trek the
Protected Area especially during summer season. No reported or recorded incidence
of threat or insurgency activities nor encountered unidentified armed men within the
Protected Area. Due to the presence of PNP and Military detachment adjacent to the
Protected Area, the overall situation is relatively peaceful in terms of peace and order.

18.

6. Human Resources Development

The Office of the PASu

The Personnel Component of the Office of the PASu is composed of the following: one
(1) PASu which acts as the Chief Operating DENR Officer, three (3) Forest Rangers, and one
(1) Administrative Assistant II.

Protected Area Management Board (PAMB)

The Protected Area Management Board Executive Committee has fifteen (15) members
and is composed of representatives from the following offices/departments: Provincial
Planning and Development Office (PPDO), Municipal Planning and Development Council
(MPDC), Provincial Tourism Office, Department of Agriculture, Land Bank of the
Philippines, Academe Bataan Peninsula State University, Peoples Organization of
BAKATA, and the Indigenous People.
7. Issues/ Impacts
a) Environmental
The following are the existing major factors that cause habitat degradation in BNP:

Industrial and infrastructure development projects. These projects are related to the
development of nearby areas such as Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority, Morong
Special Economic Zone, and Hermosa Economic Zone. Industrialization of these
nearby areas affects the surrounding component of the ecosystem: air, water and soil.
Large coffee, mango and other fruit plantations make the soil less fertile and diversity
is lost due to monoculture. Pesticides and other chemicals that farmers use also affect
the environment.
Land speculation refers to purchase of land or acquisition of claims to land inside the
PA. Human activities become disturbances to the wildlife habitat and usually cause its
destruction.
Illegal cutting of trees that serve as birds and other species habitat involves cutting of
timber for household consumption and selling logs to outside buyers. It also includes
cutting of trees for charcoal production.
Fishing may cause destruction of aquatic resources and chemical pollution of rivers
due to fishing practices such as electro-fishing and fish poison by both locals and
outsiders
Kaingin has also expanded into the interior forest areas as a response to land pressure.
Trees are burned down and severely cause destruction of the habitat for many species.
Tenure-related activitiesrefers to the activities of small-scale migrants to secure tenure
of their developed land, attempts to claim rights to use and own PA land by small19.

scale farmers residing inside the BNP are widespread.

Hunting is undertaken by both locals and outsiders and is undertaken in all parts of
BNP. Hunting activities have caused a decrease in availability of some species used
for local food such as Philippine warty pig, Philippine brown deer and fruit bats.
Gathering of non-timber forest products. These issues have contributed to the decrease
in forest cover, continued spread of grassland, and increasing pressure on the
remaining patches of forests. These are further compounded by management-related
difficulties that have faced the park in the past years like the inadequate human
resources to perform protection activities, minimal budget allocations, and limited
support from the other stakeholders contributed to the worsening condition of the
park.
No existing waste management for the disposal of garbage by the hikers.

Impacts already being felt by stakeholders and resource users include forest denudation,
habitat destruction of the various wildlife species, decrease in availability of minor forest
products, sharp decrease in availability of some species used for local food, and deteriorating
quality of water available to downstream communities.
It is envisioned that through the ecotourism project, the protection, conservation and
enhancement of the environment will be promoted since the natural ecosystem is considered
as the base capital of the ecotourism business. In the end, the natural resources will be
released from pressure brought by unauthorized extraction due to economic necessities.
b.) Social
The main social concern is the community resistance to Ecotourism. Due to the
existing lifestyle by the Indigenous People and local residents in the area, it is feared that
certain activities will affect day-to-day movement in the area. The indigenous people, Aetas,
are fond of hunting and gathering within the mountains of BNP. These traditions are currently
addressed as an environmental issue but need to be also viewed as the culture within the BNP
community.
These culture and traditions will be carefully considered on how they can be
integrated to the tourism package for the visitors to appreciate, learn and understand.
With regards to the non-IP community residents, appropriate interventions will be
initiated to address their concerns and encourage them to support ecotourism enterprise. This
will be done by making them part in the income-generating streams of ecotourism activities.
c.) Economic
The BNP is rich in biodiversity and ecotourism potential. However, the concept is not
fully understood nor appreciated thus only few people are aware in what the BNP can offer.
In effect, employment creation and income generation are both low because majority of the
20.

people resort to farming, unauthorized gathering of forest products and occasional

employment to construction works and related activities.
a. PO Members
The ecotourism project will provide suplemental livelihood where it can generate
additional income through service fees from on-site tour, guiding, catering,
camping and other activities required by the business. In addition, PO members
will be given appropriate trainings for the services that they will provide. They
will be entrusted with the operation of the business thus their involvement starts
from business plan preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
b. Community
Since the PO will manage and operate the Ecotourism business, the community
will be encouraged to cooperate and support the operation. This will be done
through dialogues and meetings with them. They will be prioritized when the PO
will have a need for labor, supply of raw materials locally available, home stay
facility and other ecotourism needs.
The economic impact that the ecotourism business will be realized through
increased in household income.
Since they are part of community, the presence of influential personalities and
moneyed individuals in some portions of the BNP will be carefully consider and
determine how the ecotourism enterprises and the implementing POs will benefit
from them.
It will be the objective of this plan that the welfare of small farmers and local
residents will be enhanced and protected.

d.) Institutional
The Local Government Units of Bataan and the municipalities around BNP support
the protection of the area. In spite of this, unauthorized extractions of minor forest products
are noted including the intrusion of influential people who occupy large areas which could be
detrimental to the ecotourism business.
The impact of ecotourism project to the recipient organizations could be measured
through the generated income of different livelihood projects. Part of the said net income
will be given to the organization that will be allocated as reserve fund. Such funds will
assure the sustainability and continuity of alternative business enterprises under the
Ecotourism Projects of Bataan Natural Park. It can also be utilized to finance other profitable
enterprises.

21.

III.

Plan

1. Vision
The Bataan National Park is a sustainably managed protected area by empowered
communities with full government support protecting its bountiful resources, conserving its
biodiversity, preserving the moral, social and cultural integrity of the people who are
operating community-based ecotourism business who offer tourism package that are safe,
enjoyable and educational for the visitors and profitable for the community.
Mission
a) Strengthen the institutionalization of community based protected area management
approaches and structures;
b) Develop and implement livelihood activities through ecotourism enterprises that are
appropriate for BNP;
c) Empower local and indigenous communities on conservation and sustainable use of
land and resources for the present and future generation;
d) Strengthen autonomy of PAMB-BNP in the policy formulation and decision making;
e) Strengthen linkages and coordination among the various stakeholders; and
f) Strengthen sustainable financing mechanism for effective protected area management.
g) Develop a sustainable integrated management of forest.
h) Develop a sustainable financing mechanism for forest protection.

2. Goals and Objectives

Goal 1: To conserve, protect and rehabilitate the natural habitats and associated
biodiversity of BNP.
Objectives:
1. To protect and preserve the integrity of natural habitats and rare and
endangered biodiversity within the next five years;
2. To rehabilitate the identified degraded watershed and natural habitats
through restoration activities in 10 to 25 years; and
3. To reduce incidence of illegal activities within the BNP in the next five
years;
Goal 2: To strengthen the PAMB as an institution that provides/perform the services,
both regulatory and developmental as mandated by the NIPAS Act;
Objectives
1. To establish normative commitment among the PAMB members regarding
processing and approval of MOA /SAPA/tenurial instruments;
22.

2. To build PAMB members having full authority/autonomy in the

management of the park;
Goal 3:
To develop empowered communities actively participating in PA
management through Protected Area Community Based Resource Management Agreement
(PACBRMA) mechanisms and structures;
Objectives:
1. To establish strong participation of community organization (PACBRMA)
in PA management in five years;
2. To create community-based resource protection systems and structures in
place;
3. To provide tenurial security for both IP's and tenured migrants;
Goal 4: To identify and pursue potential sources of sustainable financing for effective
PA management;
Objectives:
1. To identify financing mechanisms and sources;
2. To formulate rules and regulations that will be applicable for delinquent
MOA /SAPA holders;
Goal 5: To develop ecotourism activities that will ensure conservation of natural
resources and provide benefits to local communities and visitor satisfaction.
Objectives:
1. To promote eco-friendly tourism project; and
2. To develop linkages with various stakeholders for possible funding and
partnership.
3. Strategies
The involvement of local government units concerned, indigenous communities and
other stakeholders in the co-management of BNP will be the major strategy to be adopted.
Specific strategies are also identified leading to the attainment of the goals and objectives of
the plan. These specific strategies are organized around these themes to ensure: 1) biological
diversity conservation, protection and restoration of degraded environment, preservation of
unique habitats and species and cultural characteristics; 2) Socio-economic development; and
3) institutionalization of a stable park management structures and systems.
Management zoning, resource protection and monitoring, research and rehabilitation
of degraded habitats are strategies directed at biodiversity conservation and protection.
Community-based resource management, tenurial security and establishment of alternative
livelihood are strategies focused on the socio-economic development of local communities
while IEC, capability-building and PA management institutionalization and networking
strategies are geared towards institutional development.
23.

4. Programs and Projects

The proposed programs and projects in line with the implementation of BNP Ecotourism
Development Project are as follows:
1. Allocation of open areas for tree planting and camping site.
2. Preservation and rehabilitation of watershed.
3. Development and enhancement of recreational activities.
4. Construction and development of Infrastructure blend and harmonize with the
environment.
5. Development of Nature and Information Center and One Stop Shop.
5. Site Plan and Zoning
One of the most significant strategies in protected area (PA) and buffer zone
management as provided for in the NIPAS law is the categorization of these areas into
management zones which include: (1) Strict Protection Zone; and (2) Multiple-use Zone.
These management zones are envisioned to provide flexibility in PA management and allow
sustainable resource use by PA residents.
In consonance with this strategy, the PASu Office and the PAMB adopted predetermined criteria in identification of management zones anchored on technically,
politically, and socially acceptable parameters.
The initial management zones were derived using overlays of thematic maps that
include, among others, the following sets of valid information:
(1)
Land classification;
(2)
Vegetative cover;
(3)
Slope;
(4)
Elevation;
(5)
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, transmission line, dams, ports,
etc.)
(6)
Hazard;
(7)
Minerals;
(8)
Drainage and river systems;
(9)
Soil;
(10)
Biodiversity indicators based on primary data;
(11) Wildlife habitat based on elevation gradient as defined in the book of
Whitmore;
(12)
Settlement and tenure claims;
(13)
Existing and proposed projects within and around the PA; and
(14)
Management issues and other concerns.
24.

Prior to manual overlaying, the following were the initial criteria used:
Strict Protection Zone (SPZ) old growth, mossy, forest lands above 50% slope and
with 1,000 masl elevation, highly erodible and hazardous areas with high endemism and
biodiversity, and existing natural forests below 500 masl, sub-watersheds with drainage
system supporting key infrastructure (irrigation system, power) or a major coral reef or
fishing ground. The SPZ shall include areas previously categorized as Restoration Zone (RZ).
Therestoration zone covers areas that are deforested or highly marginal areas above 50%
slope and near major waterways or near or inside critical habitats, areas in highly hazardous
areas that are degraded.
Multiple Use Zone (MUZ)/ Buffer Zone areas that are occupied or cultivated by
upland farmers in areas below 50% slope, below 1,000 masl and generally accessible, those
areas that are highly suitable for high value agricultural production and for small scale type of
orchard or plantation. The MUZ includes Sustainable Use Zone areas that are below 50%
slope and 1,000 masl, existing adequately stocked residual forest or plantation forest, area
highly suitable for plantations, generally accessible or not threatened by road rehabilitation
activities, minimal or few upland clearing and kaingins.
To develop ownership among the different sectors that may be affected by the zoning
regime, the derived management zoning map shall be subjected to validation and consultation
at various levels. Iteration based on these consultations shall be plotted and re-validated until
concerned sectors issued a resolution endorsing the zoning regime.
A final zoning map formed part of the General Management Plan for the protected
area. But these zones will be eventually re-zoned after successful implementation of the
specific management prescriptions for each zone.
The entire area of BNP will be delineated into different management zones to identify
appropriate management units and prescriptions in each zone. The management prescriptions
will specify what types of activities can be undertaken in specific areas to ensure the
attainment of the goals and objectives of the plan.
Marking of the delineated BNP boundaries and management zone boundaries utilizing
indigenous tree species will be undertaken. Concrete post will be installed in key corners of
these boundaries. Flowering tree species will be planted to mark the park boundaries
permanently.
6. Visitor Management Plan
To properly manage the visitors and tourists that will come to the Bataan National
Park, certain protocols must be observed. From tour planning until the end of their visit, it
25.

must be well-coordinated with the authorized entities to ensure their well-being, safety and
security during the trip in the Bataan National Park.
Before coming to the BNP, it is suggested that tourists, especially those in large
groups, coordinate with the Local Government Unit (i.e. Municipal Tourism Office) where
they can be assisted throughout their trip.Existing travel agencies can also help in arranging
visits of potential visitors. Coordination with the local authorities will be easier, as well,
through travel agencies because of their developed linkages.
Upon tourist arrival, there will be registration of important information, such as the
following: name, gender, nationality, address, occupation, date of birth, contact number and
the date of arrival and departure. This will help in monitoring tourist entry, as well as during
emergencies. Properly trained tour guides are to welcome the guests and are responsible for
briefing them before the start of the activity. The tour guides shall be accredited and
recognized by the LGU. Hence, they will be equipped and will have to undergo series of
trainings.
Apart from the briefing of visitors, information centers will be built to provide
additional and pertinent data for the curious visitors. Guest relation staff will assist and give
brief description of the BNP sites and the different activities.
Inside the BNP, signage and directions on how to get to the identified ecotourism sites
will be put up. There will also be warning signage for falling rocks, bees, and slippery or
steep slopes. Specific signage will also be used for educational information.
To further guide the visitors, a trail system will be used. Ropes will help in accessing
the trails. Natural barriers and rails like vines or baging can also be used to lead tourists to
their destination.It is necessary that the signage and trail marks are not harmful to the
environment to preserve the essence of ecotourism.
Different attractions and activities can be offered to tourists during their visit in the
BNP.These include hiking, river trekking, camping, birding and bird watching, sightseeing,
swimming and biodiversity appreciation.
Various infrastructures will be built to ensure the visitors ease during their stay in the
Bataan National Park. Business and/or Nature Centers will be for welcoming the guests and
for information purposes. Comfort rooms will be built in designated areas. View decks will
be available for sightseeing and bird watching, while campsites will be the area where guests
can put up their tents for overnight stay.
For the safety of the visitors, there will be a schedule of operations. Rules and
regulations will also be strictly imposed in the ecotourism sites to help protect the
environment from possible degradation brought by visitors.
Certain rules and regulations will be enforced to further ensure security of the visitors.
Regulations will include the schedule of operations, and rules on waste management and the
things which are not allowed in the ecotourism sites.
7. Site Activity Management
Protocols, standards and behavior to the specific ecotourism activity should need to
follow and determine as part of the ecotourism enterprises or businesses to be developed.
26.

a. Nature Village
Guide services trekking guide; community guide
Provide guest to guide ratio
Determine income sharing
Guides to be accredited by LGUs (barangay and municipal), Department of Tourism,
and PO.
Determine guides age requirement
Guides to wear uniform with ID.
Guides will be responsible to their guiding gears, tools and equipment.
Guide assignment to be handled by forest adventure head (tour guide committee).
With centralized storage for guiding, camping, swimming, catering, art & crafts,
natures village gears, tools, supplies and equipments.
Guests will be covered by Third Party Liability (Insurance).
Gear rental
Gear rental fee to be established per item/gear.
Issuance and return of gears to be handled by/responsibility of respective. Guides with
proper documentations.
In case of damaged/loss of item, proper investigation will be made and whoever
responsible will pay for the damaged/loss item. Come up with a simple
contract/agreement on rental of gears, tools and equipment.
Massage service (Natures Village) Mountain spa
Masseurs (massage personnel) with proper training and accredited by DOH or
TESDA.
Masseurs to wear proper uniform and ID at all times.
Practice proper sanitation and cleanliness.
Properly groomed.
Age limit 20 to 60 years of age. (physically fit)
Massage supplies and equipment are responsibility of masseurs.
Provide in the information form the preference on the masseur (male or female)
List of massage types
Think of innovations.
b. Village Kitchen

Kitchen workers should have proper training, required health certificates, and wear
proper attire at all times
Proper sanitation and cleanliness should be implemented in kitchen and dinning
Costing and pricing of food to be established by kitchen head and approved by the
project manager
Source of cooking ingredients/ requirements from members, farmers within the
community
27.

Cooks should not be wearing any jewelry, nails should be short and without manicure,
must be wearing hair net, and should have an apron
Working area should be clean and orderly (no garbage to attract flies, no stray dogs,
should not be near any toilet facility or septic tank)
Cooking should ONLY be done in a kitchen
Wash vegetables and fruits well before cooking or serving
Cook only fresh ingredients
Do not use expired ingredients
Use checklist in cleaning schedule.
Identify proper places of utensils, wares etc.
Kitchen utensils, wares and equipment are exclusively for guests
Conduct regular inventory of kitchen wares, utensils etc.
Regular checkup of the conditions of cooking equipment (gas stove)
Clean as you work (schedule of general cleaning once a week)
No serving of left over foods or re-heated food to visitors.
Strictly no serving of exotic foods plants and wild animals ( usa, baboydamo, paniki,
alamid, sawa,civet palm, etc.)

c. Forest Adventure
To control visitor behavior.
Pre- orientation (visual aids) at designated place include the history of the BNP
project, DOs and DONTs
Garbage in garbage out
One entry ,one exit point in trail way (one way)
Plan your hike and hike your plan
Log in log out (record book)
Setting up rules and regulations
No liquor allowed
No picking of any plants/animals
Deadly weapon not allowed
Strictly implementations of rules and regulations
No vandalism, destruction of any kind
Install appropriate signages such as; eg. no picking of plants, off limit area
Toiletries are not allowed in the river/falls area,
Animals allowed (dogs) upon determination of visitors on bringing dogs
Eating is not allowed in the swimming area
Designate specific area such as picnic area, shower room and others.
Strictly no smoking policy.

28.

To control PO behavior.

Honesty is the best policy

Policy on lost and found items ( notify barangay officials and PO) designate lost and
found area
Properly groomed always with ID and in uniform
Smoking and drinking are not allowed while on duty
Not allowed to bring deadly weapon
Centralized tipping system (tour guide team)
In case of unforeseen event , there should be a proper turn over
Always be on time
Always SMILE
Dont argue with guest
Set up rules on violations, sanctions and penalties ( 1 week, 1 month, 6 months to one
year, termination);
Trek Guides-smoking, late, overpricing, absent, hangover, drinking of alcoholic
drinks, out of the agreed trails (shortcut)
Established working time and hours maintain good physical condition

To protect the Forest and Ecotourism sites

Plant different kinds of forest cover (indigenous trees) lauan, tibig, tangueli, almaciga,
guijo, yakal, manggangpahutan, alupag, native vines, palms,
Conduct of tree planting activities
Maintain and protect the ecotourism site, river, forest and falls
Information dissemination on environmental protection and conservation
Assist and inform proper authorities of illegal activities in the forest (barangay
officials, forest rangers, municipal/provincial police, military)
Nature related activities (clean up drive program, tree planting activities, etc)
Communication with nearby municipality (Abucay, Samal) regarding the protection
and visitor management inside the BNP
d.

Arts and Crafts

Handicrafts
Determine sharing on net income.
Workers to be assigned, rotated if necessary, by Arts & Crafts head in coordination
with the project manager
Workers should have proper training, required health certificates, and wear proper
attire at all times
Proper sanitation and cleanliness should be implemented in working area
Costing and pricing of food to be established by kitchen head and approved by the
project manager

29.

8. Opportunities for Ecotourism (including business)

Presence of natural resources and attraction in the Bataan National Park provides
opportunity for different ecotourism enterprise and livelihood to develop. As it was
enumerated in the Full Site Assessment of the PA, there are a number of activities that BNP
and the local community can offer. These ecotourism opportunities could generate income
and provide local employment to the people. The following are the specific ecotourism
enterprises that are identified in the site:
a. Nature Village
Ground camping is one of the ecotourism enterprises that the BNP can offer to its
prospective visitors. There are several potential sites for this activity such as the Binutas
site in Barangay Tala, Orani. The tourists will be able to experience being one with nature and
encounter the indigenous peoples traditions, culture and customs. Tent rental will be its
primary income generator.
b. Village Kitchen
Visit of tourists to the different ecotourism sitescould create more enterprise
opportunities for food/culinary and catering services. In this light, the locals can showcase
their native cuisines and make the visitors taste the unique flavors in Bataan. It is targeted that
the markets would be the local and foreign hikers, bikers, and student and private groups who
wish to visit the BNP.
c. Forest Adventure
The primary attraction that the BNP can offer is its treasured nature. Different
activities can be experienced by the tourists where they can have a close encounter with the
environment. Bird watching could be done in the presence of the trees that serve as the birds
nesting grounds. Thus, tools (e.g. binoculars, etc.) rentals could generate income.
Because the BNP has a lot of attractions and breathtaking views, sightseeing and site
visits could be one of the main enterprise of ecotourism. Environmental/ educational
fieldtrips and studying/environmental exploration could be organized in the area and provide
employment opportunities for tour guides. Likewise, considering the geography of the area
which comprises mostly of mountain and rivers, mountain trekking, hiking, climbing and
river adventure activities could also generate income to the PA and to its people.
d. Arts and Crafts
Aside from the ecotourism activities itself, souvenir items and local crafts making
using indigenous materials like rattan and tiger grass can be a good source of income. It does
not only promote the Bataan province, but it also promotes the creativity of its
people.Similarly, abundance of coconut resources in the community may be used in culinary
development. Locals may produce homemade coconut products and market them to potential
tourists. Cashew and Banana plants are also abundant in the area which opens opportunity for
the market of cashew and banana food products.
30.

9.

Capacity Building

In order for the proposed activities to be profitable, productive and sustainable, the
skills of the beneficiaries and locals must be further enhanced. In Table 4, the skills needed
for each proposed ecotourism enterprise and the recommended enhancement activities on
how they can be further developed and improved are shown.
Table 4. Activities to develop the skills and abilities of the beneficiaries on the proposed
ecotourism enterprise and livelihood development in the BNP.
Proposed Ecotourism Enterprise and
Recommended activities
Livelihood Development
Nature Village
Seminar on pollution control and
environmental conducts
Development, repair and maintenance of
trails
Culinary services/catering
Appropriate training on commercial
cooking, food handling, safety and quality
River Trekking and Adventure activities
Trainings on related activities
Seminar on safety and protection
Tour guiding
Enhancement seminars for tour guiding
Bird watching
Related seminars and trainings on birding
Construction on bird blinds look-out tower
Provide binoculars or telescope
Cashew nuts production
Conduct refresher hands-on training on
said project
Seminar/Training on packaging
Development of arts and crafts or souvenir
Conduct hands-on training for product
items, Buko pie and Banana Bread
preparation
production
Ask for assistance from DTI for product
improvement
Tour guiding and culinary services are some of the existing services in BNP that can be
further enhanced through a series of seminars, trainings or workshops. Tour guides of the PA
were issued IDs by the Local Government Unit, but they were not still issued tour guiding
accreditation. Also, they have limited tools and devices that will help them in their activities.
Hence, it is recommended that they undergo enhancement training and seminars, as well as
provide them equipment, tools and devices, so that they can be capable to relay their work
better. Moreover, it was observed that the people are already knowledgeable on culinary
services and there are also available accommodation sites. Training on food handling, safety
and security is suggested to improve this existing service.

31.

10. Industry, Marketing and Promotion

The ecotourism sites within the Bataan Natural Park shows potential destination. Identified
sites promises scenic and beautiful view while engaging in recreational activities, thus, local
eco-tourist will enjoy their visit and stay in the place. Their visits will not only focus on the
recreational aspect but to serve its main purpose to educate the public on the importance of
natural habitats and the process on conservation and protection of the same.
The ecotourism travel or visit of tourist must emphasize environmental benefits that will
educate them on conservation and protection of natural habitat within the Bataan Natural
Park. The eco-tour will offer sustainable and environment friendly products and services that
will utilize natural and organic raw materials which are abundant in the community.
Moreover, identified activities are eco-friendly and with at least no or low impact in the
environment.
1. Target Market
The Ecotourism Project under the Bataan Natural Park targeted local tourist and
visitors from nearby places, municipalities and provinces. This will cater primarily
students to educate them on natural resources and be aware on different protections
and conservations issues and concerns.
The ecotourism sites will increase tourist arrival in the Province of Bataan. It is
projected help the local tourism industry starting the summer season of 2015. The
development and enhancement of ecotourism sites by installing recreational facilities
and identifying possible activities, arrivals of tourist is expected.
Expected competitor of this project is the Province of Zambales particularly within
Subic Bay where most of the tourist destinations are fully developed. However, this
problem could be addressed by promotional and marketing strategies.
2. Promotional and Sales Activities
The Ecotourism sites within the Bataan Natural Park will be promoted by means of
the following:
a. The most effective and low cost means of advertisement is through the use of
social media such as Facebook, Instagram and other social networking sites where
most of the people are connected;
b. Through official websites of the Provincial Tourism Office of the Province of
Bataan;
c. Souvenir items such as T-Shirts could be use as a promotional tool. T-Shirts
designs will feature ecotourism sites and indicate the location;
d. Advertising materials such as tarpaulin, billboards, pamphlets and other reading
materials will be used as promotional materials;
e. Giving discounts for group of persons who will visit the sites;
32.

f. Lower prices during lean season or off-season;

g. Advertising through local radio and television stations; and
h. Tapping resorts and other tourist destinations and/or attractions as partners where
the ecotourism sites will be included in the itinerary of their visitors.

11. Institutional Arrangements

The DENR Administrative Order No. 2013-19 or the Guidelines on Ecotourism Planning
and Management in Protected Areas pursuant to all laws and orders pertinent thereof,
prescribed the formulation of Ecotourism Management Plan (EMB) and Business Plan for the
potential Ecotourism sites and business development. Likewise, protection and conservation
of the Protected Area must be observed and executed as mandated by laws and regulations.
To ensure proper implementation and management of the Ecotourism Management Plan.
The table below shows the following concerned agencies and other partner stakeholders with
the define roles, functions including plans and programsfor ecotourism project.
Agency/Organization
DENR-BNP

Roles and Functions

Implement and monitor
Ecotourism Project and
related Livelihood Programs.

LGU-Provincial

Assists the community/POs

on program needs, trainings
and management
Assist on the implementation
of ecotourism project.
Assists the community/POs
on program needs, trainings
and management
Assist on the implementation
of ecotourism project.
Assists the community/POs
on program needs, trainings
and management
Assist on the implementation
of ecotourism project.
Recipient of the project,
execute the business plan.
Collaborate on the
development of Business

LGU- Municipal

LGU- Barangay

POs

Plans/Programs
Infrastructure and trail
development for Ecotourism.
Determine POs as recipient
to the project.
Identify appropriate
businesses or ecotourism
enterprises.
Provide trainings and
capacity building to POs and
stakeholders
Assist on trainings and
capacity building.
Implement visitor
registration and guides
accreditation.
Assist on trainings and
capacity building.
Implement visitor
registration and guides
accreditation.
Assist on trainings and
capacity building.
Implement visitor
registration and guides
accreditation.
Execute develop business
enterprises.
Registration of Visitors
Protection and maintenance
33.

Tourism and Resorts Owner

Association

Proposal and project

implementation.
Partner to the marketing and
promotions of the ecotourism
enterprises.

of the sites.
Incorporate the PO engaged
ecotourism activities on tour
packages
Add promotions and
marketing of PO ecotourism
business

12. Action Plan

The table below shows the target activities upon implementation of the management
plan for the development of Ecotourism Enterprise Development under BNP and proposed
business plans upon identification of Peoples Organization as recipient.
ACTION PLAN FOR BNP ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPLEMENTATION

STAGE/TARGET

I.SITE
ASSESSMENT

II.
DETERMINATION
OF PO RECIPIENTS
III.
INFRASTRUCTURE
AND TRAIL
DEVELOPMENT

IV. TRAININGS,
ORIENTATION
AND CAPACITY
BUILDING

DETAILED
ACTIVITIES

RESPONSIBLE
ENTITY

Assessment of
potential
ecotourism site.

DENR/BNP

Site inspection and

visitation

DENR/BNP

Identification of PO
Recipients
Assessment of PO

DENR/BNP

Identification of
Infrastructure and
Facilities and trails
needed
Development and
Construction of
Infrastructure,
facilities and trails
Identification of
trainings and
capacity building
needed

TIME FRAME

Budgetary
Requirements

DENR/BNP
DENR/BNP

DENR/BNP

DENR/BNP, LGU,
PO

34.

Facilitating
/ Hindering
Factors
and/or
Concerns

Conduct of
trainings, seminars
and capacity
building
V. DEVELOPMENT
OF ENTERPRISES/
BUSINESSES

VI. MONITORING
AND EVALUATION

DENR/BNP

Identification of
Ecotourism
activities

DENR/BNP, PO

Engage ecotourism
enterprises

DENR/BNP, PO

Identification of
Tools and
equipment needed

DENR/BNP, PO

Monitor and
evaluate
implementations
and project
management

DENR/BNP

13. Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and Evaluation process could be done through direct observation, interviews
and questionnaires.
The efficiency and effectively of the project could be measured through the following
parameters:
1. Enterprises operation and income
2. Ecotourism sites management
3. PO member engagements and income
4. Sales and visitors arrival
5. Monitoring of site ecosystem and conservation

35.