[Chemical Engineering Laboratory #2]

SEGi University
Candidates Name: Amaar Alsamawi
Student ID: SUKD1504336

Group Members Name:

Punithan SUKD1600384
Gai Michael SUKD1503603
Tariq Samir SUKD1500703

Lecturer/ Supervisor: Dr. Yap

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SUBJECT: ECE3421 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LAB II
EXPERIMENT 7: MARCET BOILER

1.0

OBJECTIVE

i. To demonstrate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of

saturated steam in equilibrium with water
ii. To determine the vapor pressure curve.

2.0 ABSTRACT
This experiment was carried out to determine the relationship between the
pressure and the temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium. When the
pressure increases, the temperature also increases. Therefore, the
relationship of pressure and temperature of pressure and temperature is
directly proportional.

3.0

THEORY/INTRODUCTION

An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that relates the pressure, specific
volume or density, and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the
gas constant, R.

Where,
P= Absolute pressure
V= Volume
n= Amount of substance (moles)
R= Ideal gas constant
T= Absolute temperature (K)

However, real gas does not absolutely obey the equation of state. A few
changes on the ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the
properties of real gas. When energy increases within water, the increasing of

activities among the molecules enables the increase in the number of

molecule escape from the surface until an equilibrium state is reached. The
state of equilibrium depends on the pressure between the water surface and
steam. At lower pressure, the molecules become easier leaving the water
surface while less energy required in achieving the state of equilibrium
(boiling point). The temperature where equilibrium occurs at a given
pressure level is called saturated temperature.

The Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the

pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all
temperature levels between the atmospheric pressure and 10 bars. The
experimental slope (dT/dP)SAT obtained is compared to the theoretical value
determined through calculation from the steam table. Clausius-Clapeyron
states:

Where,
h_f+h_fg=h_g
h_fg=h_g-h_f
as vg >> vf
In which,
vf = specific volume of saturated liquid
vg = specific volume of saturated vapor
hf = enthalpy of saturated liquid
hg = enthalpy of saturated vapor
hfg= latent heat of vaporization

4.0APPARATUS
i.

HE169 Marcet boiler which shown in Figure 1

a.

Pressure transducer

b.

Temperature controller/Indicator

c.

Pressure indicator

d.

Control panel

e.

Bench

f.

Bourdon tube pressure gauge

g.

Temperature sensor

h.

Pressure relief valve

i.

Water inlet port & valve

j.

Heater

Figure 1: HE169 Marcet boiler

3.0

PROCEDURES
1. The power supply was switched.
2. If the boiler is initially filled with water, open the valves at the level
side tube to check the water level. Pour in additional distilled water if
necessary. Then, close the valves.
3. The temperature controller was set to 185C, which is slightly above
the expected boiling point of the water at 10 bar (abs).
4. The valve was opened at feed port and turn on the heater.
Important: Always make sure that the valves at the level sight tube

are closed before turning on the heater as the sight tube is not
designed to withstand high pressure and temperature.
5. The steam temperature was observed rising as the water boils.
6. The steam temperature and pressure when the boiler is heated until
the steam pressure reaches 10 bar (abs).
Warning: Never open the valves when the boiler is heated as
pressurized steam can cause severe injury.
7. the heater was switched off and the steam temperature and pressure
will begin to drop. Allow boiler cool down to room temperature.
8. The steam temperatures was recorded at different pressure readings
when the boiler is heated and cooled.
9. The heater was switched off and allow the boiler temperature to drop.
Note: Do not open the valve at the water inlet port as it is highly
pressurized at high temperature

4.0 RESULTS

Atmospheric pressure : _____1________ bar

Atmospheric temperature

: ______25_______ (0C)

i.

Give the reason why it is necessary to remove air from the boiler at the

ii.

beginning of the experiment.

Compare the graph plotted from experiment data to that of the

iii.
iv.

calculated data with explanation.

Comment on any discrepancy and sources of error of the experiment.
Discuss the liquid and vapor behavior observed through the
experiment and list some examples of its industrial applications.

absolute

Gauge
PSI
KgF/cm2

Pressure, P
(bar)
Abs
KgF/cm
2
KPa
KPa

Temperatur
e, T
T in
T in
(K)
(0C)

1.0

99.96

1.5

0.4

27.58

39.23

111.6

2.0

12

0.8

82.74

78.43

120.4

2.5

16

1.4

137.3

127.6

3.0

24

1.9

186.33

133.7

3.5

32

2.4

235.36

139.1

4.0

41

2.9

284.39

143.4

4.5

49

3.4

333.43

148.2

5.0

54

4.0

392.27

152.1

5.5

62

4.5

441.3

155.8

6.0

70

5.0

490.33

159.2

6.5

77

5.5

110.3
2
165.4
7
220.6
3
282.6
9
337.8
4
372.3
1
427.4
7
482.6
3
530.8
9

539.37

162.4

372.
96
384.
6
393.
4
400.
6
406.
7
412.
1
416.
8
421.
2
425.
1
428.
8
432.
2
435.
4

dT

dP

(K)

Abs

11.6
8.8
7.2
6.1
5.4
4.7
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.2

Measure
dSlope,
dT/dP

Calc

27.5
8
55.1
6

0.42

129.
19
87.9

27.5
8
55.1
5
55.1
6
62.0
6
55.1
5
34.4
7
55.1
6
55.1
6
48.2
6

0.261

0.16

0.11
0.098
0.076
0.08
0.113
0.067
0.062
0.663

Sl

64
66.9
9

54.2
42
45.6
54
40.2
225
34.7
91
31.4
88
28.1
85
26.3
9
23.7

22.3
6

7.0

85

6.0

551.5
588.4 165.4 438.
8
4
*Using P Gauge in psi to convert to KPa

Table 1 Data Collected and Calculated Resul

Calculated error
Slop
Tvg/hfg
0.052
0.036
0.027
0.022
0.019
0.016
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.011

20.6
9

0.145

21.0
234

0.009
0.0098
0.0092
0.00872
GRAPH

Temperature
445
440
435
430
425
420
415
450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

Temperature vs Absolute pressure

7.0 CONCLUSION
In the experiment the pressure and temperature are compared by the graphs
and tabulated results as for the pressure and temperature are compared.
Measurements reading accuracy Room Temperature and pressure the
stability of the materials we put the air in the vessel out if the air is not
expelled the correct equilibrium measurements between the steams and
boiling water will not be obtained. Due to the partial pressure of the air a
lower water temperature will be required to raise the pressure.

8.0 Error List

8.0

Failed to obtain error

Failed to create a slope Graph
References
https://www.google.com/search?
q=convert+psi+to+kpa&oq=convert+psi+to+kpa&aqs=chrome..69i5
7.8759j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=convert+kg
%2Fcm2+to+kpa (15/10/2016)
http://www.slideshare.net/areesalah/marcet-boiler-30868236
(15/10/2016)
http://www.slideshare.net/ShwanSarwan/marcet-boiler (16/10/2016)