Simply Supported (Two-Way Spanning Slab)

Design a reinforced concrete slab for a room measuring 7.5m x 5.0m. The slab carries a
variable action of 2.5kN/m2 and permanent action due to finishes of 1.0kN/m2. The
characteristic material strength are fck=25N/mm2 and fyk=500N/mm2. The slab can be
considered simply supported on all four edges with corners free to lift. The slab is inside
buildings which subjected to 1.5 hours fire resistance and 50 years design life.

A slab simply supported on its four sides will deflect about both axes under load and the
corner will tend to lift and curl up from the support, causing torsional moments. When no
provision has been made to prevent this lifting or to resist the torsion, then the moment
coefficient of Table 3.13 BS8110: 1997 may be used and the maximum moments as given
by:
Ly

where;
= total ultimate load per unit area
= length of shorter side
= length of longer side
and
are the moment coefficient

Lx

Table 3.13 BS8110: 1997

Ly/Lx

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.75

2.0

0.062

0.074

0.084

0.093

0.099

0.104

0.113

0.118

0.062

0.061

0.059

0.055

0.051

0.046

0.037

0.029

1.0 SPECIFICATION
7500

5000

Long span, Ly
Short span, Lx
Ly/Lx

= 7500mm
= 5000mm
= 7500/5000
= 1.5 < 2.0
Two-way slab

Characteristic actions:
----Permanent, gk
----Variable, qk
Design life
Fire resistance
Exposure classes
Materials:
----Characteristic strength of concrete, fck
----Characteristic strength of steel, fyk
----Unit weight of reinforced concrete
Assumed: bar

= 1.2kN/m2 (excluding selfweight)

= 2.5kN/m2
= 50 Years
= R90
= XC1
= 25N/mm2
= 500N/mm2
= 25kN/m3
= 10mm

2.0 SLAB THICKNESS

Min. thickness for fire resistance
Estimated thickness for deflection control, h

Use, h = 200mm

= 120mm
= Lx/26
= 192mm

3.0 DURABILITY, FIRE AND BOND REQUIREMENTS

Min. concrete cover regard to bond, Cmin,b
Min. concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin,dur
Min. required axis distance for R90, a
Min. concrete cover regard to fire
----Cmin,fire = a-bar/2

= 10mm
= 15
= 15mm

= 15-(10/2)
= 10mm

Allowance in design for deviation, Cdev

Nominal cover,
----Cnom = Cmin+ Cdev

= 10mm

= 15+10
= 25mm
Cnom = 25mm

4.0 LOADING AND ANALYSIS

Slab self-weight
Permanent load (excluding self-weight)
Characteristic permanent action, Gk
Characteristic variable action, Qk
Design action, nd

= 1.35Gk+1.5Qk
= 1.35(6.2) + 1.5(2.5)
= 12.12kN/m2
= 11.76kN/m

Moment:
Short span, Msx =
Long span, Msy =

= 0.2x25
= 5.0kN/m2
= 1.2kN/m2
= 6.2kN/m2
= 2.5kN/m2

2
sxnLx
2
synLx

= 0.104x12.12x5.02
= 31.51kNm/m
= 0.046x12.12x5.02
= 13.94kNm/m

5.0 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth:
dx = h-Cnom-0.5bar
dy = h-Cnom-1.5bar

= 200-30-(0.5x10)
= 170mm
= 200-30-(1.5x10)
= 160mm

Short span:
Msx
K = M/bd2fck

= 31.5kNm/m
= 31.5x106/(1000x1702x25)
= 0.044 < Kbal=0.167

Compression reinforcement is not required

z = d[0.5+

= 0.96d

0.95d

Use 0.95d
= 31.5x106/(0.87x500x0.95x170)
= 449mm2/m

As = M/0.87fykz
H10-175 (top)
(449mm2/m)
Long span:
Msx
K = M/bd2fck

= 13.9kNm/m
= 13.9x106/(1000x1602x25)
= 0.022 < Kbal=0.167

Compression reinforcement is not required

z = d[0.5+

= 0.98d

0.95d

Use 0.95d
= 13.9x106/(0.87x500x0.95x170)
= 211mm2/m

As = M/0.87fykz
H10-325 (bot)
(242mm2/m)

Min. and max. reinforcement area,

As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bd

= 0.26x(2.56/500)bd
Use 0.0013bd = 0.0013bd > 0.0013bd
= 0.0013x1000x170
= 227mm2/m

As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh

Quiz (Determine size, spacing and As,prov for

secondary bar) 5 minutes

= 0.04x1000x200
= 8000mm2/m

6.0 SHEAR

Lx
1m

Max. design shear force, VEd

= ndLx/2
= 12.1x(5.0/2)
= 30.3kN

Design shear resistance,

k = 1+(200/d)1/2 2.0
1 = As1/bd

= 1+(200/170)1/2
= 2.08 2.0

0.02

= 449/(1000x170)
= 0.0026 0.02

VRd,c = [0.12k(1001fck)1/3]bd

= [0.12x2.0(100x0.0026x30)1/3]x1000x170
= 76535N = 76.5kN

Vmin = [0.35k3/2fck1/2]bd

= [0.0035x2.03/2x251/2]x1000x170
= 84146N = 84.1kN
VRd,c ; Vmin > VEd (OK)

7.0 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
=As,req/bd

Reference reinforcement ratio,

=(fck)1/2x10-3

= 449/(1000x170)
= 0.0026
= (25)1/2x10-3
= 0.0050

Percentage of required compression reinforcement

=As,req/bd
= 0/(1000x139)
= 0.000

Factor for structural system,

K = 1.0
use equation (2)
= 1.0(11+14.2+13.55)
= 38.8
Modification factor for span less than 7m

= 1.0

Modification factor for steel area provided

= As,prov/As,req
= 449/449
= 1.0 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio

= (l/d)allowable
= 38.8x1.0x1.0
= 38.8

Actual span-effective depth

= (l/d)actual
= 5000/170
= 29.4 (l/d)allowable
(OK)

8.0 CRACKING
h = 200mm < 200mm
Main bar,
Smax,slabs = 3h or 400mm
Max. bar spacing = 325mm

= 600mm > 400mm

Smax,slab = 400mm

Secondary bar,
Smax,slabs = 3.5h or 450mm
Max. bar spacing = 350mm

(OK)

= 700mm > 450mm

Smax,slab = 450mm

(OK)

9.0 DETAILING

7500

01

02

02

01

5000

Reinforcement:
01: H10 175
02: H10 325