Name: ______________________

Inventors Change the World!

INVENTOR
Alexander Graham
Bell

Thomas Edison

George Washington
Carver

Frank & Charles

Duryea

Orville & Wilbur

Wright

INVENTION/YEAR

HOW DID IT CHANGE THE

WORLD?

Telephone
1876

Allowed people to communicate

with one another quickly and
efficiently

Phonograph
1877

Musicians could record music

Light Bulb
1879

People could now see without

using a candle or lamp

Invented a variety
of uses for peanuts
such as make-up,
dye, paint, and
plastic
1925

Revolutionized a variety of
products through the use of
peanuts

First to build a
working automobile
(horseless carriage)
in the United
States in 1893

Changed transportation

Airplane
1903

People could now fly from place to

place

PHOTOGRAPH

The Rise of Big Business

A. The Industrial Revolution
a.

This time in history is known as the Industrial Revolution (1800s)

b. Large and rapid change in the way things were made

B. Andrew Carnegie
a.

Andrew Carnegie and his family were immigrants from Scotland

LoveLearning 2014

b. Wanted to produce steel at the lowest possible cost

i. Bought iron and coal mines
ii. Bought ships and railroads to move the steel
c.

By 1900, the U.S. was producing more steel than any other country in the world
i. Used to build buildings, automobiles, bridges, trains, and railroads

d. Carnegie became one of the richest men in the world

i. Sold his steel company in 1901 to J.P. Morgan for $250 million
ii. J.P. Morgan: The countrys richest and most powerful bankers
C. John D. Rockefeller
a.

When John D. Rockefeller was a teenager, he saw a great opportunity to start his own business
i. He was an entrepreneur
ii. He realized that he could earn money in the oil business

b. Built his first oil refinery in 1863 in Cleveland, Ohio

i. When he started making money with this company, he built others
ii. Company was called: Standard Oil
c.

In the 1880s, Rockefeller controlled 90% of the oil business in the United States

d. His company became a monopoly: a company that has control of an entire industry
D. Economic Terms
a.

Monopoly: a company that gains control of an entire industry and puts smaller companies out of
business

b. Investor: people who give money to a business or project, hoping to make a profit
c.

Corporation: a business that is owned by investors

d. Stock: share of a company

LoveLearning 2014

New Americans
A. Immigrants came to America for different reasons:

To escape poverty and hunger

Lack of jobs in their old country

escaping violence, war, and

injustice

Escape mistreatment because of

their religion

Many hoped to find some

adventure!

Some thought that America had

streets paved with gold

B. Immigrants who were poor could only afford a steerage class boat ticket

Steerage Conditions:

The conditions were

crowded, dark,
unsanitary and
foul-smelling

Ellis Island
C. First and second class passengers who arrived in New York Harbor were not required to undergo an inspection
process at Ellis Island.
D. Steerage passengers poured across the pier to a waiting area.
a.

Each wore a name tag with the individual's manifest number written in large figures.

b. The immigrants were then assembled into groups of 30

Stairs of Separation

a doctor stood at the top of the stairs watching for signs of lameness, heavy breathing (heart
condition), "bewildered gazes" (mental illness)
The Registry Room

The Ellis Island inspection process would last approximately three to five hours

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Medical Exam

A doctor would examine the immigrant's face, hair, neck and hands.

Legal Exam

a questionnaire was used by the legal inspectors at Ellis Island to cross examine the immigrant
during the legal inspection. They only spent about 2 minutes with each immigrant

E. The two main reasons why an immigrant would be deported:

a. had a contagious disease or not healthy enough to work
b. Were likely to become a criminal or would work illegally.
c. 2% percent of immigrants were deported

Angel Island
F. Immigrants who came from Asian countries like China and Japan came through Angel Island in San
Francisco, California
a. In the early 1900s, a quota law existed that limited the number of Chinese immigrants who
could come into the United States
b. Most Chinese immigrants had to prove that they had family members already living in the
United States.
i. Many Chinese spent weeks and months at Angel Island

Entering America
G. First sights: skyscrapers, electric streetcars, automobiles, crowds of people
H. Immigrants now had to find jobs and homes
a.

Often relied on friends and relatives for help

b. Many immigrants moved to neighborhoods with common nationalities

i. Little Italy, Greek Town, Polish Town, Chinatown
I.

Many lived in tenements small, run-down, overcrowded apartments

J. New jobs: railroads, factories, mines

a.

Others started small businesses or sold from pushcarts

K. Many immigrants faced prejudice: an unfair or negative opinion about a group of people.
L.

From 1880-1920, more immigrants arrived in America than any other time in history
a.

American is known as a melting pot because many different nationalities live here.

LoveLearning 2014

The Labor Movement

Factories

Sweatshops

Factory workers put in 12 hour days,

seven days a week
Average salary was $10 a week

Women worked in clothing factories

and earned less than men
These factories were hot,
cramped workshops called
sweatshops
Sweatshops were very dangerous
places to work because owners were
not careful
Example: The Triangle
Shirtwaist Co. fire

Children at Work
Jobs: worked in textile mills, canned fruits and vegetables, opened oyster shells, picked crops, sorted through coal
Hours and Pay: 12 hours a day for just 10-20 cents each day
Working Conditions: dangerous or unhealthy

Labor Unions
A. Labor Union organizations that helped improve working conditions and get better wages
B. Workers would often go on strikes they would refuse to work to try to force business owners to meet their
demands
a.

The Homestead Strike

i. The price of steel was falling, so Carnegie and his partner decided to decrease wages
1.

Armed guards were called to control the strikers

2. Both fought and some people died

3. The strike lasted for months but nothing was ever solved

Newsies
C. Children who used to sell newspapers
D. Used to buy 100 newspapers for 50 cents and then sell them for 1 cent each
a.

Newspaper companies began to charge 60 cents for 100 newspapers

E. Newsies went on strike and the sales of newspapers dropped sharply for two weeks
a.

The newspaper owners came to an agreement: 100 newspapers for 60 cents and they would buy back
anything that was not sold.

F. Unions continued to help improve lives for workers (shortened hours, improved working conditions)
a.

Unions created a new holiday Labor Day.

LoveLearning 2014

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