Industrial IT

For substation automation systems

SAS 500 / SAS 510

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The essential first improvement step

The benefits of advanced power system management require the automation of local operations
and the collection, evaluation and forwarding
of data on the power system status and plant
condition to higher-level systems.
In this context, the SAS500 and SAS510 systems
provide the remote basic control and monitoring
functions for sub-transmission and distribution
level substations. They belong to the SAS family
of modular systems and they can therefore easily
be extended as the customer stepwise adds
further higher-level functions to the power system control and monitoring systems. The ABB
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) for
protection and control are an integral part of
the SAS system. The SAS and IED together lay
the foundation for all the higher-level remote
functions such as advanced power system
management and the monitoring of the condition
of the equipment while it is in service.

Highlights:
User friendly
First step investment of a scalable system

The typical applications of SAS500 and SAS510 are:

Simple and highly reliable

Integrated control and protection

Power Utilities: Subtransmission and

Easy and quick to configure and maintain

distribution level
Industry: (Chemical, metal, ) distribution

substations for the power supply

Power Plants: (Nuclear, steam, hydro, )

distribution substations for the auxiliary supply

Examples:
The Basic Customer Requirements . . .

SAS500: To refurbish the older generation

SAS 500

SAS 510

Distribution and
Sub-Transmission Substation

Remotely controlled Substation

optional

Tele Control Gateway

optional

Basic Monitoring and Control

numerical protection and control equipment.

Locally operated Substation

Advanced Monitoring and Control

optional

Off the shelf station computer

secondary equipment of a 66kV substation with

Gateway without moving parts

Upgrade-able to enhanced
or advanced SAS

The substation is remote controlled only.

SAS510: For a new transmission substation

with 132kV switchgear, which is only locally

controlled at present but that should be
remotely controlled from a control center in
future.
SAS510: For a new industry substation that is

locally controlled, with the exception of the

remotely controlled transmission utility owned
X

132 kV infeed circuit breakers.

ABB

Industrial IT is the ABB commitment to the real

time integration of automation and information
systems across the business enterprise.

ABB

The Basic SAS solution for subtransmission and distribution

The basic SAS are pre-engineered and scalable

station-level systems for substation basic control
and monitoring.

The SAS510 contains a station computer with

human machine interface (HMI) for local control,

monitoring and system configuration, which is
equipped with LON interfaces for bay control IEDs
and with LON and /or IEC60870-5-103 interfaces

The SAS500 is a remote operated system, which

for the integration of protection IEDs, and a GPS

comprises a gateway with interfaces for tele-

receiver for time synchronization. The optional

control and via LON for bay-level control IEDs,

tele-control interface can be added at any time.

and a GPS receiver for time synchronization.

The peripherals are connected via the Ethernet

Bay-level protection IEDs can be integrated via

LON interbay bus and /or via the IEC60870-5-103

station bus with the TCP/IP protocol. The hard

copy printer and the event printer are required for
a safe operation and reporting. The system can

protocol. In contrast to a centralized RTU, SAS500

supports decentralized bay oriented control and

be extended by a second workplace, an alarm unit,

and a separate router for remote access.

integration of protection for basic protection

monitoring purposes. The system can be configured via a plug-in notebook.

Due to the distributed system architecture,

bay oriented functions are allocated to the bay
level solutions for bay control and protection.
These are described in the corresponding
descriptions for the associated bay control and
protection solutions.

SAS common features

Open system strategy

Easy system extension

The basic SAS supports the "open system

philosophy" which is very actively supported
by ABB with participation in the various international standardization committees and
working groups in the IEC, CIGRE etc. The
system design also complies with the ISO model
and international standards as far as they are
available today.

The basic SAS has a strict hierarchical structure

and is modular in design so that an extension
of the system is easily possible at a later stage.
Easy system upgrade

The basic SAS can easily be upgraded to a

SAS530 or a SAS550 at a later stage or, if for the
SAS500 only monitoring functions are required,
an independent SMS530 can be added.

Tele-control function

With SAS500 a gateway for telecontrol is included.

The SAS510 can optionally be equipped with
tele-control function. One or more remote
communication interfaces for tele-control from
several network centers can be configured.
User friendly

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

At the station level we supply industrial PCs

and gateways that fulfill the EMC norms
EN50081-1 (Generic Emission Standard, Class
Residential, Commercial and Light Industry),
EN55022B as well as EN50082-2 (Generic
Immunity Standard, Class Industrial).

No special skills are required for operation. Easy

and user friendly navigation based on single-line
and menu pictures are provided. In addition, the
operator is supported by useful help functions.
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ABB

SAS510:
Fig.2 Overview SAS510

Overview

SAS500:
Fig.1 Overview SAS500

ABB

Design and performance

Fig. 3 SAS500 /SAS510

Architecture

Simple and highly reliable

Maximum performance

The architecture of the basic SAS is straightforward, simple and comprises highly reliable
components. All the connections between the
system components are made exclusively with
fiber optic cable. There is no intermediate
conversion to other media. With this approach,
high availability is achieved at a competitive price
and no duplication of components is necessary.

Sending information on an event basis guarantees

high system performance, which is assured by
the high communication speed between the IEDs
and the station computer. Additional security
and performance is provided by the possibility
to split the interbay bus into different independent subnets.
SAS500 with a highly reliable gateway

Seamless high degree of integration of

protection and control IEDs

The ABB IEDs are capable of being fully integrated via the LON Interbay Bus in order to
achieve the maximum amount of information
from the control and protection IEDs. All the
information and functions provided by the
IEDs are supported.
Distributed functionality for high
availability

Functions are distributed as close as possible to

the process. In addition, system-wide functions
such as station-wide interlocking are handled
at the bay level. Due to the philosophy of
distributed databases and functions, the basic
SAS offers high availability. In the case of the
failure of a specific device, no other device
in the entire system is affected i.e. the rest of
the system is not influenced.

The gateway is based on industrial equipment

with no moving parts such as a hard disk or
fan, and without a desktop operating system.
This achieves a very high availability with low
maintenance costs. As an option, a redundant
power supply can be provided to increase the
availability even more.
SAS510 with standard station-level
components

The use of standard hardware and Windows

based applications for the station level, allows a
cost-effective system to be designed that is
open for other Windows and MS Office based
business applications. It also makes it easier
to source spare parts locally and to reduce the
training costs for the system administrators.

ABB

Common components and functions

System Configuration

The SAS500 and SAS510 are pre-engineered

solutions that are easy and quick to configure
using the specific configuration tools. User
specific applications can be compiled by using
standardized functions, which have been typetested in a performance verification system. This
means that the system configuration is reduced
to linking pictures from picture libraries with
signals from signal templates. User specific text
can be added.
Common Components
Interbay bus

The standard communication protocol used

for the exchange of data between the station
computer and the IEDs is the LON bus.
The data exchange includes:
Actual process data such as status,

measurements and events

Commands and setpoint values
Uploading of disturbance recorder files and

parameterization of the IEDs

Peer-to-peer communication between control IEDs

for station interlocking

The physical structure of the LON-based

interbay bus is a star-coupled fiber-optic bus,
which may be divided into segments. The
LON protocol complies with the International
Standardization Organization (ISO) reference
model for open system interconnection (OSI)
and Ethernet.
The IEC60870-5-103 protocol for integrating third
party protection IEDs is available as an option.

GPS receiver

The standard master clock in the SAS is a GPS

receiver. The receiver takes the time from
the Global Positioning System satellites. This
results in a very high accuracy between different
substations.
A DCF-77 receiver can be used as an option instead.

ABB

Common Basic Monitoring Functions

Time synchronization

All IEDs and the station computer or the

gateway are synchronized by a master clock.
The standard master clock is a GPS receiver.
The GPS receiver is connected to the LON star
coupler. This allows a very accurate time
synchronization of all devices connected to
the LON Bus without the need of a separate
synchronization bus. The time-tagging
resolution in the system is 1ms.
Status indications and events

Fig. 4 Star Coupler RER111

Fig. 5 GPS Receiver GPS167

The acquisition of status indications (e.g. single

or double indications) and events is handled by
the IEDs at the bay level. This includes retrieval
from the process, allocation of the time stamp
for the events, and suppression of malfunctioning and spurious events. Each IED is equipped
with an event buffer to ensure that no events are
lost during a burst of events or communication
downtimes. The events detected are transferred
via the LON Bus to the station level for further
processing.
Measurements

The bay control and protection IEDs are

connected directly to the HV voltage (VT)
and current transformers (CT). There are no
intermediate transducers required. The
corresponding values of active and reactive
power are calculated from the measured
voltages and currents. The frequency is derived
from the voltage measurements. In addition,
the SAS also supports the input of mA signals,
V signals, and temperature sensor signals
(e.g. PT100) via dedicated channels. Updated
measured values are transmitted via the LON
immediately after a pre-set minimum change
has occurred or after a predefined time interval.
The same values are available in control and
protection IEDs as well as disturbance record
and synchrocheck functions.

Common Basic Control Functions

Single and double commands

Single or double commands are used to control

the various objects such as circuit breakers,
disconnectors, earthing switches, and transformer tap changers.

Command Authority

Only if the appropriate command authority is

given to the operator, is he allowed to execute
commands. The authority is handled in the bay
level IED.
Double command blocking

Analog setpoints

Analog setpoint values can be used to pre-set

e.g. the reference voltage when regulating a
transformer tap changer in automatic mode.

Before the selection of an object is accepted, it

is verified that no other relevant object is already
selected.
Interlocking

Select before Execute

The control procedure is normally performed

in 3 steps: select-before-operate (SBO).
1. Selection of object (e.g. in the single line

Station-wide interlocking and bay interlocking

functions are defined using Boolean expressions,
which are programmed in the corresponding
bay control IEDs.

diagram)
2. Select the desired operation (e.g. open or close)

Synchrocheck

3. Confirm the operation by activating the execute

The synchrocheck function for circuit breaker

closing and the detection of a dead line or
busbar is included in the individual control and
protection IEDs.

button

The same philosophy applies for the bay mimic

of the bay control solution (BCS) and the station level operator place (SAS510). The SAS500
gateway provides these signals to the network
control center.
Commands execute will be released only, if all
the following described checks after select were
successful!

Fig. 6 SBO in the SAS510 Station HMI

ABB

SAS500 Specific Components and Functions

SAS500 Components
Gateway

SAS500 Optional Components

Engineering Laptop

The communication unit COM581 is used to

link a substation automation system to a network control center (NCC). The COM581 has
the following key features:

A separate laptop computer is used for settingup the LON communication and to configure
the gateway with all the communication links
defined. The laptop computer is also used to
backup the set-up files of all the equipment.

Modular design
Parallel processing architecture
Multi-protocol processing support

CAP581 Engineering Tool

Highly reliable hardware based on the REB500

The CAP581 is used for engineering the gateway

COM581. The engineering options are automated to a large extent. Already available
configuration data can be used as basis for the
configuration of new schemes.

busbar protection platform

Optional redundant power supply

SAS500 Specific Functions

Protocol Conversion and Data Routing
Fig.7 Gateway COM581

The main tasks performed by the gateway

COM581 are protocol conversion and the data
routing. The protocol conversion comprises a
series of sub-tasks:

The following protocols are available for installation

Dynamic protocol handling

in the COM581:

Format conversion
Address conversion

Protocols towards NCC:

IEC60870-5-101 (slave)
DNP3.0 (slave)
RP571 (slave)
TG 809

Protocols towards IEDs:

LON (bi-directional)
IEC60870-5-103 (master)

ABB

Routing and copying data

Group Alarms

In order to reduce the number of process alarms

to be sent via the remote communication link,
it is possible to group certain alarms together
and to only send a group alarm to the network
control center when any one of the individual
alarms is active.

SAS510 Specific Components and Functions

SAS510 Components
Station computer / station HMI

SAS510 Optional Components

Alarm annunciation

The station computer provides basic functions

for local control, monitoring, and system
configuration. The station computer is a desktop or an industrial computer running the
Windows NT operating system and the basic
application software MicroSCADA.

The separate station level alarm annunciation

panel is connected to the station computer.
The following functions are available at the alarm
panel:

Basic Software Package

Supervision of station computer operation

(watch dog)
Seven alarm groups for process alarms
Alarm acknowledge button

Real time data base

Integrated buzzer

Tools for system operation and configuration

Pictures for substation status visualization
Communication driver for IEDs

Human Machine Interface

Hierarchical menu
Process pictures
Alarm and event lists

Fig. 8 Station Container

with station computer

Trends and reports

Authorization mechanism

A service modem is provided for each station

computer, which allows fast remote on-line
service support from the ABB office in case of a
change request or a problem.
Station LAN

A local area network with Ethernet TCP/IP is

used to connect the station computer with
the peripheral equipment at the station level i.e.
printer server, additional workplace, etc.

Fig. 9 Micro Alarm Panel

Tele-control

The tele-control function is integrated in the

station computer and is accessible via a serial
RS-232 port. Several independent interfaces can
be configured to communicate with network
control centers. The following protocols are
supported as standard:
IEC60870-5-101 (slave)
DNP3.0 (slave)
RP571 (slave)

Event & hardcopy printer

Other protocols are available on request

A matrix printer is used as the event printer. A

color hardcopy printer is provided for printouts
of the actual single line diagram or of lists and
reports. Both printers are connected to the
station computer via a printer server and the
Station LAN.

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ABB

Additional operator workplace

The additional operator workplace is provided

with monitor, keyboard and mouse. It can be
used for operating and/or the engineering of the
SAS. The workstation acts as an X-terminal.
This means that the pictures are called-up from
the running basic software of the station computer. The full functionality is available.

SAS510 System Functions

User authorization

The station HMI has a user authorization

function, which enables four user authorization
levels to be defined:
View Level: The user is allowed to view the

substation status, but is not authorized to make

any control operations, or to use the programming
and system configuration tools.

Remote access

A separate gateway connected to the station

LAN provides remote access via the customers
Intranet or via the Internet.

Control Level: The user is allowed to make

control operations, but he has no access to the

engineering and system configuration tools.
Engineering Level: The user is granted all rights

for control and configuration except system

OPC server

MicroSCADA OPC Server allows other application programs to access the MicroSCADA
process database through an OPC interface.
Both the OPC Data Access versions 1.0a and
2.03 are supported in accordance with the OPC
definitions.
DC/AC inverter + By-pass

A DC/AC inverter with integrated service

by-pass is provided for the secure power supply
of the AC powered station components. The
inverter is permanently connected to the DC
station battery. In the case of a failure of the
station DC power, it switches automatically to
the substation AC supply, powering all the AC
devices connected.

management.
System Management Level: The user is granted

all rights including the rights to add and remove

users. It is recommended that only one system
manager should be granted this authorization
level.

For each individual object (circuit breaker,

isolator, disconnector) a specific user group can
be defined, and for each user, it is possible to
define a specific user authorization profile.

Fig.10 User Authorisation

ABB

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Blocking List

The blocking list is a summary display of the

current blocking situation in the process database of the station computer. A wide range of
blocking attributes is provided, which are also
included in the blocking list. The following
blocking types are provided:
Parameter

Description

Alarm blocking

Alarms are not raised, regardless of the state of the object.

Update blocking

Indications are not updated from the process.

Control blocking

Operation commands are not sent to the process.

Event blocking

Event registrations are not made and events are not shown
in the event list.

Print blocking

Printouts are not made.

Reprocessing
blocking

Action blocking. Event channel activation is blocked.

SAS510 Specific Basic Monitoring

Functions
System and device supervision

The system self-supervision function monitors

the behavior of the substation automation
system components. Status information on the
hardware, system components, communication
equipment, and process control and protection
units are displayed on the HMI system overview.
The following components are monitored:

Event list

The event list presents the events from the

process monitored in time sequential order.
For long-term storage, all the events are stored
in a historical database. Each event is normally
presented with:
sign (alarm, faulty value, obsolete value, faulty

time, not sampled)

Time stamp (date, time)
Object name (station, bay and device name)
Event description text

Station computer application

Status text

Station computer hard disk space

Printer server and event printer
Interbay bus connection card
Remote communication link
Star coupler
Protection and control IEDs

The following main features are provided:

Filters
Page scrolling
Presentation mode update or frozen
Event report

Fig.11 Event List

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Alarm list

The alarm list displays the current alarm

situation of the substation in chronological
order. Each alarm is presented with:

All information updates are event driven and are

displayed without delay.

Fig.12 Alarm List

Fig.13 Single Line Diagram

Time stamp (date, time)

Control

Object name (station, bay and device name)

The user can control the various substation

objects displayed in the single-line diagram such
as circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing
switches, and transformer tap changers, and he
can also modify setpoints, etc. by selecting the
required object with a mouse click

Alarm description text

Status text (alarm or normal)
Alarm class

The following main features are provided:

Acknowledgement of alarms
Filters
Page scrolling
Presentation mode update or frozen

Station Alarm Panel

The process alarms can be grouped into seven
different alarm classes. If the optional station alarm
panel is chosen, each group alarm has its own
indication on the alarm panel.

SAS510 Specific Basic Control

Functions
Substation overview

The substation overview contains all the current

status information of the substation, which are
necessary for supervision:

SAS510 Optional Advanced Monitoring

Functions
Measurand reports and trends

Measurand report and trending functions are

used for compiling statistical reports of
measurands. All the data for the reports are
calculated and stored in real time. The following
general features apply:
Daily, monthly, yearly report
Table or graphical presentation
Data export
Selectable time interval

Single line diagram

Circuit breakers
Disconnectors
Earthing switches
Status of operation (local, remote, blocked, simu-

lated)
Tap changer position
Measurands
Alarm display in the picture header

ABB

Fig.14 Measurand Report

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Remote parameter setting and reading

The parameter settings, which may be stored

in the IEDs, can be up-loaded via the IED
overview picture. The values stored in the IED
are displayed on the station HMI. The operator
can switch between the pre-defined and
pre-tested parameter sets available in the IEDs.
Once a parameter set is selected, the corresponding values become active in the IED.

Uploading disturbance fault record

files from IED

For IEDs with an integrated disturbance

recorder all recorded disturbances can be uploaded via the interbay bus and stored on the
station computer hard disk. The upload can be
initiated manually, cyclically or event driven.
Disturbance record analysis and fault
location

The disturbance records can be evaluated using

the fault evaluation package WinEve.
Automatic evaluation after disturbance record file

upload
Automatic printout
On-line fault calculation
Fault report

Fig.15 Relay Setting Tool

Fig.16 Disturbance Record Upload

Tool and WinEve Analysis Tool

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ABB

SAS510 Optional Advanced Control

Functions
Busbar Coloring

Dynamic busbar coloring gives the operator a

quick overview of the state of the substation and
shows at a glance whether a busbar segment is
earthed, energized, or de-energized. This function
helps to prevent incorrect switching operations,
especially in an emergency. In complex industrial
networks the operator needs to see immediately
which bay is fed from where (e.g. from the utility
grid or from the internal generator). Thanks to
a better overview the operator is able to respond
quicker to the loss of an infeed.

operation. These switching sequences can also

be initiated by remote control. Typical predefined switching sequences are:
Connecting a line or transformer feeder to a

specific busbar
Disconnecting a line or transformer feeder

from a specific busbar

Busbar transfer for a specific feeder.

Load Shedding
There are basically two load-shedding modes:
Undervoltage activated load shedding: this is a

response to a decline in voltage on a transmission

line and is station oriented.

Automatic Sequence Control

The automatic sequence control program allows

the operator to execute pre-defined sequences
of commands. The operator can activate the
switching sequence by giving a single command
only. The sequence control function performs
a series of single control commands step-bystep. Each of these steps is supervised by the
interlocking functions implemented in the
associated bay control IED, i.e. the blocking
criteria, synchrocheck, interlocking logic, etc. are
executed each time. Thus, the procedure is
identical to manual single-step commands and
therefore ensures the same degree of secure

Underfrequency activated load shedding: this

is a response to an out-of-step situation between

network sections and is transmission system
oriented.

Load shedding tables are predefined in order to

set the priority that is allocated to each individual
feeder. In addition, the actual load conditions
of the feeders are taken into account to
determine the optimum load to be switched
off. This load shedding approach adapts to
the actual situation and ensures that only the
minimum number of feeders are tripped in
order to keep the network in a stable state.
After recovery of the voltage or frequency,
a sequential restoration of the power supply
can then be made based on the information on
the tripped feeders and their priority levels.

Fig.18 Load Shedding

Fig.17 Automatic Sequence Control Dialog

ABB

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The Industrial IT wordmark and all mentioned

product names in the form XXXXXX IT are registered or
pending trademarks of ABB.

2000 - 12.01 - Printed in Switzerland

www.abb.com/substationautomation

1KHA - 000 729 - SEN

ABB Switzerland Ltd

Utility Automation
Brown Boveri Strasse 6
CH-5400 Baden/Switzerland
Phone +41- 58 - 585 77 44
Fax
+41- 58 - 585 55 77
e.Mail substation.automation@ch.abb.com