GE IP Bus For Static UPS

Putting the Donkey to Work
Reinventing the UPS

Isolated Parallel Ring Bus for Static UPS Applications
Tomaz Seignemartin GE Critical Power, Data Center Growth Leader
Reliability, Energy Efficiency and Cost

By
Estimated that 25% of data

center outages
2015
data center spaced to
Cloud Computing
will be
cost >$1M per event
12 times
Information Week - 2011
higher than in 2010. 4
It is estimated that Data Centers use
1-2% of all global electricity

use
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - 2013
It is estimated that:
82% of the overall
infrastructure cost is
power distribution
James Hamilton - Microsoft
and cooling
If every U.S. data center could utilize 10% more of their capacity,
the need to build more than 2 million square feet of new data
center space could be eliminated each year
Saving more than $10B
The largest issues and

opportunities for energy
savings include the
under-utilization of data
center equipment
and the misalignment of
incentives, including in the
fast growing multi-tenant
data center market
segment .
National Resource Defense Council
Regulations
in many global markets on
EFFICIENCY
requirements for
data centers
US EPA & Senate filings

EU 20-20-20 Directive
China MIIT PUE <1.5 by 2015
As Data Centers continue to grow and proliferate, and the industry imperative is:
Cost Effective Scalability of Reliable Power Supplies

2
Data Center Tier Classifications

Data Center Tier *
Tier I
Tier II
Tier III
Tier IV
System Component Redundancy
N+1
N+1 or Higher
Usually N+N
Typical Equipment Utilization Design
Up to 90%
Up to 75%
Up to 75%
Up to 45%
< 80%
<60%
<50%
<30%
Distribution Paths
1 Normal 1 alternate
2 Active
Concurrently Maintainable
No
No
Yes
Yes
Fault Tolerant
No
No
No
Yes
Staffing
None
1 Shift
1+ Shifts
24 x Forever
Single Points of Failure
Many + human error
Many + human error
Some + human error
None + fire + EPO
Annual IT Downtime
28.8 hours
22.0 hours
1.6 hours
0.8 hours
Site Availability
99.67%
99.75%
99.98%
99.99%
Site Reliability - Failure events / 5 Years
1.3X
2.0 X
2.5 X
- Actual Operation
Stranded Equipment Assets
10% to 25% stranded assets Design vs Actual Utilization
*Tiers per The Uptime Institute definitions

Approximate Installed Cost**
**GE Estimated Installed Cost
For Given Reliability: Increase Utilization, Decrease Cap Ex and Lower Operating Op Ex
Can we achieve Required Reliability with High Utilization and Lower Cost?
3
Architecture Comparisons
Parallel Redundant - N+1 System
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)

UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)

UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
Block Redundant - Catcher System
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)

UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)

UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)

UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
System + System S+S
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
10
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
System + System S+S
Cost
Many Modules
11
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
IP Ring Bus
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
System + System S+S
Cost
Many Modules
12
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
IP Ring Bus
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
UPS Capacity (MW)
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
System + System S+S
Cost
Many Modules
13
Data Center Tier *
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
99.67%
99.75%
99.75%
99.98%
99.99%
System Component Redundancy
Typical Equipment Utilization Design

- Actual Operation
Stranded Equipment Assets
Distribution Paths
Concurrently Maintainable
Fault Tolerant
Staffing
Single Points of Failure
Annual IT Downtime
Site Availability
Site Reliability - Failure events / 5 Years
*Tiers per The Uptime Institute definitions
14
Static UPS - IP RING BUS Solution
IP Ring Bus System Overview

IP Ring Bus
System + System S+S
2.4 MW dual corded IT Load
IP Ring Bus System Overview
IP Ring bus provides the advantage of parallel UPS (share load) with the advantage of
fault isolation (high reliability) with using less UPS modules (up to 20-30% reduction).
IP Ring Bus reduction of UPS modules lowers the installed cost (CapEx) and maintenance cost
(OpEx) while improving UPS efficiency (OpEx) by operating at higher load.
GE IP Ring Bus is integrated system offering system includes UPS, switchgear, breakers
and protective relay and monitoring. Sold as System, not Product.
16
IP Ring Bus Value Proposition

Isolated Parallel Ring Bus (IP Ring Bus) is a recent innovation in UPS system
configuration that combines the advantages of existing system topologies of fault
tolerance and concurrent maintenance, but now with the ability to share ALL
critical loads across ALL UPS modules with higher utilization and lower overall
cost.
High reliability and availability of critical power
High utilization and less stranded system capacity
Low cost of overall system installation
Low OpEX from higher system efficiency and lower maintenance
Concurrent maintenance for critical path equipment
Fault tolerance and no single points of failure
17
System TCO Comparison

3 UPS System TCO Comparison
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
Energy Cost (OpEx)
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)
Maintenance Cost (OpEx)

Initial Cost (CapEx)
$2,000
$0
GE TLE IP
18

$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
Energy Cost (OpEx)
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)

$2,000
$0
GE TLE IP
Efficiency improvement
93.5% to 96.5%
19

$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
Energy Cost (OpEx)
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)

$2,000
$0
93.5% to 96.5%
GE TLE IP
Initial cost lower:

Fewer Modules
Fewer Batteries
20

Maintenance cost lower:

Fewer Modules
Fewer Batteries
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
Energy Cost (OpEx)
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)

$2,000
$0
93.5% to 96.5%
GE TLE IP
Initial cost lower:

Fewer Modules
Fewer Batteries
21
Utilization
CapEx
75%
OpEx
Switchgear used to isolate or re-route faults - IP Ring Bus
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
23
Normal Operation - IP Ring Bus

Power Flow
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
24

Power Flow
Note UPS power balanced

600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
25

Power Flow
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
26
Maintenance 1 UPS offline - IP Ring Bus

Power Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
27

Power Flow
Note UPS power still balanced
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
28

Power Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
Note each load still receives dual UPS power!

29

Power Flow
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
30
Fault Condition Failed UPS - IP Ring Bus

Power Flow
SWG1A
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
Share Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW
31

Power Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
32

Power Flow
Note UPS power still balanced
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
33

Power Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
Note each load still receives dual UPS power!

34
Normal Operation Unbalanced Loads - IP Ring Bus

Power Flow
Share Flow
500KW
100KW
SWG2B
SWG1B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
500KW
SWG4A
100KW
500KW
SWG3A
SWG2A
SWG1A
500KW
100KW
100KW
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
400KW
0.8MW
400KW
35
Normal Operation Unbalanced Loads - IP Ring Bus

Power Flow
Share Flow
500KW
100KW
SWG2B
SWG1B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
500KW
SWG4A
100KW
500KW
SWG3A
SWG2A
SWG1A
500KW
100KW
100KW
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
400KW
0.8MW
400KW
Balance power to and from the ring maintains equal UPS power
36
Scalability - IP Ring Bus
2.4MW IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
1.2MW
Growth on the ring adds 2 x 1MW UPS modules at a time.
37
3.6MW IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW

Each addition can support 1.2MW of additional IT Load
38
4.8MW IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
1.2MW
1.2MW
1.2MW

Each addition can support 1.2MW of additional IT Load
In excess of 30 modules can be supported on a ring because ring capacity is
sized for sharing during abnormal conditions, not total load.
39
Scalability - Comparing IP Ring Bus with System + System

IP Ring Bus
System + System S+S
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
40

IP Ring Bus
System + System S+S
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
3.6MW
6 Modules vs 10
41

IP Ring Bus
System + System S+S
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
3.6MW
6 Modules vs 10
4.8MW
8 Modules vs 12
42
IP Ring Bus Higher reliability at lower cost
High Reliability Concurrently maintainable and fault tolerant (isolation)

High Utilization high utilization with actual operating utilization close to design
utilization eliminating stranded equipment assets.
Lower Initial cost reduced equipment and installation cost with lower number of UPS
modules for equivalent availability / reliability
Lower maintenance cost lower number of UPS modules and batteries reduces life cycle
maintenance cost.
Low energy consumption cost high efficiency UPS modules ensure lowest energy life
cycle operating cost
Scalability adding UPS capacity to the IP Ring Bus for future expansion is simple, cost
effective and safe.
Balance IT Load and UPS Capacity shares UPS capacity and balancing IT load under
range of real world operating conditions
Concurrent Maintenance - UPS modules maintained without affecting loads
Potential Fault currents limited - by the inductive choke architecture, results in lower arc
flash hazard
43
Critical Power from GE
Putting the Donkey to Work

Reinventing the UPS
Discover how Isolated Parallel Ring Bus is transitioning to
new static UPS topologies.
Harness new advancements in UPS technologies to
Increase reliability, create smart scaling, and decrease costs.
Tomaz Seignemartin
Data Center Growth Leader
GE Critical Power

GE IP Bus For Static UPS

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Formate disponibile

Putting the Donkey to Work

Reinventing the UPS

Reliability, Energy Efficiency and Cost

Estimated that 25% of data

cost >$1M per event

Information Week - 2011

higher than in 2010. 4

It is estimated that Data Centers use

1-2% of all global electricity

Saving more than $10B

The largest issues and

US EPA & Senate filings

Cost Effective Scalability of Reliable Power Supplies

Data Center Tier Classifications

System Component Redundancy

Typical Equipment Utilization Design

Single Points of Failure

Many + human error

Many + human error

Some + human error

None + fire + EPO

Site Reliability - Failure events / 5 Years

Stranded Equipment Assets

10% to 25% stranded assets Design vs Actual Utilization

*Tiers per The Uptime Institute definitions

UPS Capacity (MW)

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

Block Redundant - Catcher System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

Block Redundant - Catcher System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

System + System S+S

Block Redundant - Catcher System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

System + System S+S

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

Block Redundant - Catcher System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

System + System S+S

Parallel Redundant - N+1 System

Block Redundant - Catcher System

UPS Capacity (MW)

Shared Redundant - 4N/3 System

System + System S+S

System Component Redundancy

Typical Equipment Utilization Design

Static UPS - IP RING BUS Solution

IP Ring Bus System Overview