COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABI

FOR

M.Tech.
POWER SYSTEM & CONTROL ENGINEERING
(ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
2012-2013

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

School of Engineering & Technology, Paralakhemundi.

Odisha-761211, INDIA,
Web Site: - www.cutm.ac.in

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Course Structure & Syllabi for M.Tech (Power System & Control Engineering)
SEMESTER-1
Sub code

Subject Name

MTPS

Power System

1101

Analysis

MTPS

Non-Linear Control

1102

Systems

MTPS

Computer aided

1103

power system

SEMESTER-2
L-T-P

Credits

Sub code

3-1-0

MTPS

Digital

1201

Systems

MTPS

Power Quality

3-1-0

Subject Name

L-T-P

Credits

Control 3-1-0

3-1-0

system 3-1-0

1202
3-1-0

MTPS

Power

1203

Dynamics & Stability

protection
Elective-1

Elective-3

(any one of the following)

(any one of the following)

PSPE

High Voltage

PSPE

Electrical Distribution

1101

Engineering

1201

systems

PSPE

Extra High voltage

PSPE

Power system

1102

AC Transmission

1202

Reliability

PSPE

FACTS

PSPE

Advanced DSP

3-1-0

1103

3-1-0

3-1-0

1203
Elective-2

Elective-4

(any one of the following)

(any one of the following)

PSPE

Power System

PSPE

Power system

1111

Transients

1211

deregulation

PSPE

Advanced Power

PSPE

Real time control of

1112

Electronics

1212

power system

PSPE

Power System

PSPE

Reactive power

1113

Operation &control

1213

compensation

3-1-0

&management
Laboratory/Sessional
PSPR

Power systems &

1107

Simulation Lab

0-0-3

PSPT

Seminar(Pre-Thesis)

0-0-3

Laboratory/Sessional
PSPR

Electrical systems &

1207

Simulation Lab

0-0-3

PSPT

Seminar(Pre-Thesis)

0-0-3

1108

1208

Semester Credits

24

Semester Credits

24

Cumulative Credits

24

Cumulative Credits

48

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Course Structure & Syllabi for M.Tech (Power System & Control Engineering)

SEMESTER-3
Sub code

Subject Name

SEMESTER-4
L-T-P

Credits

Sub code

Subject Name

L-T-P

Credits

Main Project &

------

20

PSPT
MTPS

Adaptive Control

2101

theory

3-1-0

2201

Viva-Voce

Elective-5
(any one of the following)
PSPE

Power apparatus &

2101

systems

PSPE

Power system

2102

Optimization

PSPE

Demand side energy

2103

management

PSPT

3-1-0

Thesis/Project(Part-1)

-----

10

Comprehensive Viva

-----

2107
PSCV
2108
Semester Credits

20

Semester Credits

20

Cumulative Credits

68

Cumulative Credits

88

SYLLABUS
SEMESTER-1
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
MTPS 1101

L-T-P: 3-1-0

MODULE-1
Power System Network Matrices
Graph Theory: Definitions, Bus Incidence Matrix, Y bus formation by Direct and Singular
Transformation Methods, Numerical Problems. Formation of Z Bus: Partial network,
Algorithm for the Modification of Z Bus Matrix for addition element for the following cases:
Addition of element from a new bus to reference, Addition of element from a new bus to an
old bus, Addition of element between an old bus to reference and Addition of element
between two old busses (Derivations and Numerical Problems). - Modification of Z Bus for
the changes in network.
MODULE-2
Power flow Studies
Necessity of Power Flow Studies Data for Power Flow Studies Derivation of Static load
flow equations Load flow solutions using Gauss Seidel Method: Acceleration Factor, Load
flow solution with and without P-V buses, Algorithm and Flowchart. Numerical Load flow
Solution for Simple Power Systems (Max. 3-Buses): Determination of Bus Voltages, Injected
Active and Reactive Powers (Sample One Iteration only) and finding Line Flows/Losses for
the given Bus Voltages. Newton Raphson Method in Rectangular and Polar Co-Ordinates
Form: Load Flow Solution with or Without PV Busses- Derivation of Jacobian Elements,
Algorithm and Flowchart. Decoupled and Fast Decoupled Methods-Comparison of Different
MethodsDC load Flow.
MODULE-3
Short Circuit Analysis
Per-Unit System Representation. Per-Unit equivalent reactance network of a three phase
Power System, Numerical Problems. Symmetrical fault Analysis: Short Circuit Current and
MVA Calculations, Fault levels, Application of Series Reactors, Numerical Problems.
Symmetrical Component Theory: Symmetrical Component Transformation, Positive,
Negative and Zero sequence components: Voltages, Currents and Impedances. Sequence
Networks: Positive, Negative and Zero sequence Networks, Numerical Problems.
Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis: LG, LL, LLG faults with and without fault impedance,
Numerical Problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis by M.A.Pai, TMH Publications.
2. Modern Power system Analysis by I.J.Nagrath & D.P.Kothari: Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing company, 2nd edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Power System Analysis by Grainger and Stevenson, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Power System Analysis by A.R.Bergen, Prentice Hall, Inc.
3. Power System Analysis by Hadi Saadat TMH Edition.
4. Power System Analysis by B.R.Gupta, Wheeler Publications.

NONLINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS

MTPS 1102

L-T-P: 3-1-0

MODULE-1
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
State Space Representation, Solution of State Equation, State Transition Matrix, Canonical
Forms Controllable Canonical Form, Observable Canonical Form, Jordan Canonical Form.
CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
Tests for controllability and observability for continuous time systems Time varying case,
minimum energy control, time invariant case, Principle of Duality, Controllability and
observability form Jordan canonical form and other canonical forms.
MODULE-2
DESCRIBING FUNCTION ANALYSIS
Introduction to nonlinear systems, Types of nonlinearities, describing functions, describing
function analysis of nonlinear control systems.
PHASE-PLANE ANALYSIS
Introduction to phase-plane analysis, Method of Isoclines for Constructing Trajectories,
singular points, phase-plane analysis of nonlinear control systems.
STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability in the sense of Lypanov, Lypanovs stability and Lypanovs instability theorems.
Direct method of Lypanov for the Linear and Nonlinear continuous time autonomous
systems.
MODULE-3
MODAL CONTROL
Effect of state feedback on controllability and observability, Design of State Feedback
Control through Pole placement. Full order observer and reduced order observer.
CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS
Minimization of functional of single function, constrained minimization. Minimum principle.
Control variable inequality constraints. Control and state variable inequality constraints.
Euler Lagrangine Equation.
OPTIMAL CONTROL
Formulation of optimal control problem. Minimum time, Minimum energy, minimum fuel
problems. State regulator problem. Output regulator problem. Tracking problem, ContinuousTime Linear Regulators.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Control

System Theory by M. Gopal, New Age International Publishers, 2nd

edition,1996
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Modern Control Engineering by K. Ogata, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd edition, 1998
2. Control Systems Engineering by I.J. Nagarath and M.Gopal, New Age International (P)
Ltd.
3. Digital Control and State Variable Methods by M. Gopal, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
Companies, 1997.
4. Systems and Control by Stainslaw H. Zak , Oxford Press, 2003.

COMPUTER AIDED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

MTPS 1103

L-T-P: 3-1-0

Module-I
Introduction To Computer Relaying: Development of computer relaying, Historical
background, Expected benefits of computer relaying, Computer relay architecture, Analog to
digital converter, Anti-aliasing filter, Substation computer hierarchy.
Relaying Practices: Introduction to protection systems, Functions of a protection system,
Protection of transmission lines, Transformer, reactor & generator protection, Bus protection,
Performance of current & voltage transformers.

Module-II
Mathematical Basis For Protective Relaying Algorithms: Introduction, Fourier series, Other
orthogonal expansion, Fourier transform, Use of fourier transform, Discrete fourier
transform, Introduction to probability & random processes, Random processes, Kalman
filtering.
Transmission Line Relaying: Introduction, Sources of error, relaying as parameter estimation,
Beyond parameter estimation, Symmetrical component distance relay, protection of series
compensated lines.

Module-III
Protection Of Transformers, Machines & Buses: Introduction, Power transformer algorithms,
Generator protection,, Motor protection, Digital bus protection.
Hardware Organisation In Integrated Systems: The nature of hardware issues, Computers for
relaying, The substation environment, Industry environmental standards, Countermeasures
against EMI, Supplementary equipment, Redundancy & backup, Servicing, training &
maintenance.
System Relaying & Control: Introduction, Measurement of frequency & phase, Sampling
clock synchronization, Application of Phasor measurements to state estimation, Phasor
measurement in dynamic state estimation, Monitoring.
Developments In New Relaying Principles: Introduction, Traveling waves on single-phase
lines, Traveling waves on three-phase lines, Traveling waves due to faults, Directional wave
relays, Traveling wave distance relay, Differential relaying with phasors, Traveling ` wave
differential relays, Adaptive relaying.
Text Book

1.A.G. Phadke and J.S. Thorp, " Computer Relaying for Power Systems", John Wiley and Sons,
1994

HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING (Elective-1)

MODULE-1
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH VOLTAGE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Electric Field Stresses, Gas / Vaccum as Insulator, Liquid Dielectrics, Solids and Composites,
Estimation and Control of Electric Stress, Numerical methods for electric field computation,
Surge voltages, their distribution and control, Applications of insulating materials in
transformers, rotating machines, circuit breakers, cable power capacitors and bushings.
BREAK DOWN IN GASEOUS AND LIQUID DIELECTRICS
Gases as insulating media, collision process, Ionization process, Townsends criteria of
breakdown in gases, Paschens law. Liquid as Insulator, pure and commercial liquids,
breakdown in pure and commercial liquids.
BREAK DOWN IN SOLID DIELECTRICS
Intrinsic breakdown, electromechanical breakdown, thermal breakdown, breakdown of solid
dielectrics in practice, Breakdown in composite dielectrics, solid dielectrics used in practice.
MODULE-2
GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
Generation of High Direct Current Voltages, Generation of High alternating voltages,
Generation of Impulse Voltages, Generation of Impulse currents, Tripping and control of
impulse generators.
MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS
Measurement of High Direct Current voltages, Measurement of High Voltages alternating
and impulse, Measurement of High Currents-direct, alternating and Impulse, Oscilloscope for
impulse voltage and current measurements.
MODULE-3
OVER VOLTAGE PHENOMENON AND INSULATION CO-ORDINATION
Natural causes for over voltages Lightning phenomenon, Overvoltage due to switching
surges, system faults and other abnormal conditions, Principles of Insulation Coordination on
High voltage and Extra High Voltage power systems.
NON-DISTRUCTIVE TESTING OF MATERIAL AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
Measurement of D.C Resistivity, Measurement of Dielectric Constant and loss factor, Partial
discharge measurements.
HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
Testing of Insulators and bushings, Testing of Isolators and circuit breakers, Testing of
cables, Testing of Transformers, Testing of Surge Arresters, Radio Interference
measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. High Voltage Engineering by M.S.Naidu and V. Kamaraju TMH Publications, 3rd

Edition
2. High Voltage Engineering: Fundamentals by E.Kuffel, W.S.Zaengl, J.Kuffel by Elsevier,
2nd Edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. High Voltage Engineering by C.L.Wadhwa, New Age Internationals (P) Limited, 1997.
2. High Voltage Insulation Engineering by Ravindra Arora, Wolfgang Mosch, New Age
International (P) Limited, 1995.

EHV AC TRANSMISSION (Elective-1)

MODULE-1
Necessity of EHV AC transmission advantages and problemspower handling capacity and
line losses mechanical considerations resistance of conductors properties of bundled
conductors bundle spacing and bundle radius- Examples.
Line and ground reactive parameters:
Line inductance and capacitances sequence inductances and capacitances modes of
propagation ground return - Examples
Voltage gradients of conductors:
Electrostatics field of sphere gap field of line changes and properties charge potential
relations for multi-conductors surface voltage gradient on conductors distribution of
voltage gradient on sub conductors of bundle Examples.
MODULE-2
Corona effects
Power loss and audible noise (AN) corona loss formulae charge voltage diagram
generation, characteristics - limits and measurements of AN relation between 1-phase and
3-phase AN levels Examples.
Radio interference (RI) - corona pulses generation, properties, limits frequency spectrum
modes of propagation excitation function measurement of RI, RIV and excitation
functions Examples.
MODULE-3
Electro static field:
Electrostatic field: calculation of electrostatic field of EHV/AC lines effect on humans,
animals and plants Electrostatic induction in unenergised circuit of double-circuit line
electromagnetic interference-Examples.
Traveling wave theory
Traveling wave expression and solution- source of excitation- terminal conditions- open
circuited and Short-circuited end- reflection and refraction coefficients-Lumped parameters
of distributed lines generalized constants-No load voltage conditions and charging current.

Voltage control:
Power circle diagram and its use voltage control using synchronous condensers cascade
connection of shunt and series compensation sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor
compensated lines static VAR compensating system.
TEXT BOOKS:
1.

EHVAC Transmission Engineering by R. D. Begamudre, New Age International (p) Ltd.

2. HVAC and DC Transmission by S. Rao

FACTS CONTROLLERS (Elective-1)

MODULE-1
Transmission interconnections, power flow in an AC System, loading capability limits,
Power flow and Dynamic stability considerations, importance of controllable parameters.
Opportunities for FACTS, basic types of FACTS controllers, benefits from FACTS
controllers, Requirements and Characteristics of High Power devices Voltage and Current
rating, losses and speed of switching, parameter trade-off of devices.
Basic concept of Voltage source converter, Single phase full wave bridge converter, Single
phase-leg (pole) operation, Square-wave voltage harmonics for a single phase Bridge, 3
Phase full wave bridge converter.
MODULE-2
Transformer connections for 12 pulse, 24 and 48 pulse operation. Three level voltage source
converter, pulse width modulation converter, basic concept of current source converters,
comparison of current source converters with voltage source converters.
Objectives of shunt compensation, mid point voltage regulation for line segmentation, End of
line voltage support to prevent voltage instability, improvement of transient stability, Power
oscillation damping.
Methods of controllable var generation: variable impedance type static var generators TCR
and TSR, TSC, FC-TCR, TSC-TCR, switching converter type var generators, hybrid var
generators.
MODULE-3
SVC and STATCOM : The regulation and slope transfer function and dynamic performance,
transient stability enhancement and power oscillation damping, operating point control and
summary of compensation control.
Static series compensators : Concept of series capacitive compensation, improvement of
transient stability, power oscillation damping, functional requirements. GTO thyristor
controlled series capacitor (GSC), thyristor switched series capacitor (TSSC), and thyristor
controlled series capacitor (TCSC), control schemes for GSC, TSSC and TCSC.
Reference Book:
1. Understanding FACTS N.G.Hingorani and L.Guygi, IEEE Press.
Indian Edition is available:--Standard Publications, 2001.
2. Flexible a c transmission system (FACTS) Edited by YONG HUE SONG and
ALLAN T JOHNS, Institution of Electrical Engineers, London.

POWER SYSTEMS TRANSIENTS (Elective-2)

MODULE-1
INTRODUCTION TO FAST TRANSIENTS:
Origin and nature of power system Transients, traveling waves on transmission system, the
line equation, the shape attenuation and distortion of waves, reflection of traveling waves ,
successive reflections, traveling waves on multi conductor systems, transition points on multi
conductor circuits.
LIGHTNING:
Charge formation, mechanism of lightning stroke. Mathematical model of lightning stroke.
MODULE-2
THEORY OF GROUNDS WIRES:
Direct stoke to a tower, effect of reflection up and down the tower, the counterpoise.
SWITCHING SURGES:
Normal frequency effects, high charging currents, cancellation waves, recovery voltage,
restricting phenomena. Protection of transmission systems against surge. High frequency
oscillations and terminal transients of transformer.
MODULE-3
INSULATION COORDINATION:
Insulation coordination procedures (IEC) for high voltage systems: Design criteria,
classification of over voltages, insulation design for switching, lightning and temporary over
voltages, pollution, application of arresters for protection of lines and stations, statistical
methods of insulation coordination, risk of failure, test prescriptions. Insulation coordination
procedures (IEC) for low voltage systems: representative over voltages, selection of clearance
and creepage distances, macro and micro environments, testing techniques, transient
(switching and lightning) voltage surge suppression in industrial and commercial electrical
installations, protection of electronic devices.
REFERENCES
1.Allan Greenwood , Electrical Transients in power Systems , Wiley Iterscience, 1991
2.Lou Van Der Sluis, Transients in power Systems , John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001
3.R Rudenterg, Transient Performance of Electric power systems, Phenomenon in Lumped
Networks, MGH, 1950
4.R Rudenterg, Electric Stroke waves in power systems, Harvard University press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1968
5.Transmission Line Reference Book, EPRI, USA, 1982.

ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS (Elective-2)

Module-I
1- and 3- Controlled rectifiers-Average output voltages and currents for R-L. load
performance parameters of rectifier 1- and 3- converter. DC-DC converters: Buck,
Boost, Buck-boost converters, linear power supplies. Switch mode DC Power supplies,
Fly back converter, Forward converter, push pull converter, half bridge and full bridge
converter.

Module-II
Basic concepts of switch mode inverter, pulse width modulated switching scheme ,
unipolar and bipolar Switching scheme, 1- inverters, push pull inverters, 3- inverters,
PWM in 3- voltage source inverters. Reduction of Harmonies, square-wave pulse
switching, programmed Harmonic elimination switching.

Module-III
Resonant pulse Converters: Classification of resonant Converters, series Resonant
Inverter: Series Resonant inverters with unidirectional switches, series resonant inverters
with bi-directional switches. Parallel Resonant Inverters, Zero current switching resonant
converters, zero voltage switching resonant converters.

Books for Reference:

1. Power electronics, Circuits, devices. Application by M.H.Rashid (PHI)
2. Power electronics, converters, applications and Design N.Mohan undeland and
Robbins John wily and sons inc.
3. Modern Power electronics and AC Drives by B.K .Bose.

POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL (Elective-2)

MODULE-1
Unit commitment problem : Introductions to UCP, thermal & Hydral constraints in Unit
commitment : Priority list scheme method, unit commitment problem solution by priority list
scheme method,
Unit commitment problem solutions by Dynamic programming Approach. Introduction,
advantages of DP method over priority list scheme, Back word DP approach, forward DP
approach algorithm and their flow charts solution UCP using Dynamic program method.
MODULE-2
Load Frequency Control-I : Necessity of keeping frequency constant. Definition of control
area, single area control, Block diagram representation of an isolated Power System, Steady
State analysis, Dynamic response-Uncontrolled case.

Proportional plus Integral control of single area and its block diagram representation, steady
state response, load frequency control and Economic dispatch control.
Load Frequency Control-II : Load frequency control of 2-area system : uncontrolled case and
controlled case, tie-time bias control.
MODULE-3
Optimal LF control-steady state representation, performance Index and optimal parameter
adjustment.
Generation with limited Energy supply : Take-or-pay fuel supply contract, composite
generation production cost function. Solution by gradient search techniques, Hard limits and
slack variables, Fuel scheduling by linear programming.
Interchange Evaluation and Power Pools Economy Interchange, Economy interchange
Evaluation, Interchange Evaluation with unit commitment, Multiple Interchange contracts.
After-the-fact production costing, Transmission Losses in transaction Evaluation, other types
of Interchange, power pools.

Reference Books :
1. Electrical Energy Systems Theory - by O.I.Elgerd, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing
Company Ltd, 2nd edition.
2. Power System Analysis by Hadi Saadat Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications
3. Power Generation, Operation and Control - by A.J.Wood and B.F.Wollenberg,John
wiley & sons Inc. 1984.
4. Modern Power System Analysis - by I.J.Nagrath & D.P.Kothari, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
Publishing Company ltd, 2nd edition.

POWER SYSTEMS & SIMULATION LAB

1. Fault Analysis of 3-phase Alternator
2. Determination of Xd and Xq of 3-phase salient pole Synchronous motor
3. IDMT (Inverse Definite Minimum Time) relay characteristics
4. Determination of breakdown strength of oil by variable distance electrodes.
5. Determination of transmission line parameters.
6. Fault analysis (LL, LG, and LLL) of transmission lines.
SIMULATION BASED (USING MATLAB OR ANY OTHER SOFTWARE)
1. To obtain steady-state, transient and sub-transient short-circuit currents in an
alternator.
2. To formulate the Y-Bus matrix and perform load flow analysis.
3. To compute voltage, current, power factor, regulation and efficiency at the receiving
end of a three phase Transmission line when the voltage and power at the sending end
are given. Use model.
4. To perform symmetrical fault analysis in a power system.
5. To perform unsymmetrical fault analysis in a power system.

SEMESTER-2
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
MTPS 1201

L-T-P: 3-1-0

MODULE-1
SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION
Introduction, Examples of Data control systems Digital to Analog conversion and Analog
to Digital conversion, sample and hold operations.
THE Z TRANSFORMS
Introduction, Linear difference equations, pulse response, Z transforms, Theorems of Z
Transforms, the inverse Z transforms, Modified Z- Transforms
Z-PLANE ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM
Z-Transform method for solving difference equations; Pulse transforms function, block
diagram analysis of sampled data systems, mapping between s-plane and z-plane.
MODULE-2
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS
State Space Representation of discrete time systems, Pulse Transfer Function Matrix solving
discrete time state space equations, State transition matrix and its Properties, Methods for
Computation of State Transition Matrix, Discretization of continuous time state space
equations
CONTROLLABILITY AND OBSERVABILITY
Concepts of Controllability and Observability, Tests for controllability and Observability.
Duality between Controllability and Observability, Controllability and Observability
conditions for Pulse Transfer Function
MODULE-3
STABILITY ANALYSIS
Mapping between the S-Plane and the Z-Plane Primary strips and Complementary Strips
Constant frequency loci, Constant damping ratio loci, Stability Analysis of closed loop
systems in the Z-Plane. Jury stability test Stability Analysis by use of the Bilinear
Transformation and Routh Stability criterion.
DESIGN OF DISCRETE TIME CONTROL SYSTEM BY CONVENTIONAL
METHODS
Transient and steady State response Analysis Design based on the frequency response
method Bilinear Transformation and Design procedure in the w-plane, Lead, Lag and LeadLag compensators and digital PID controllers.
.STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLERS AND OBSERVERS
Design of state feedback controller through pole placement Necessary and sufficient
conditions, Ackermans formula.
State Observers Full order and Reduced order observers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Discrete-Time Control systems - K. Ogata, Pearson Education/PHI, 2nd Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Control Systems, Kuo, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Digital Control and State Variable Methods by M.Gopal, TMH

POWER QUALITY
MTPS 1202

L-T-P: 3-1-0

MODULE-1

Introduction: power quality (PQ) problem, Voltage sag, Swell , Surges, Harmonic, over
voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations, Transients, interruption overview of power quality
phenomenon , Remedies to improve power quality, power quality monitoring.
Interruptions: Definition, Difference between failure, outage, causes and origin of
interruptions, limits for the interruption frequency, limits for the interruption duration , costs
of interruption, overview of Reliability , evaluation to power quality, comparison of
observations and reliability evaluation.
MODULE-2

Voltage Sag: Characterization of voltage sag, definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag
magnitude, monitoring, theoretical calculation of voltage sag magnitude voltage sag
calculation in non-radial systems, meshed systems, voltage sag duration.
PQ considerations in Industrial Power Systems: voltage sag effects, equipment behaviour
of power electronic loads, induction motors, synchronous motors, computers, consumer
electronics, adjustable speed AC drives and its operation. Mitigation of AC drives,
Adjustable speed DC drive and its operation, mitigation methods of DC drives.
MODULE-3

Mitigation of Interruptions and Voltage Sags: Overview of mitigation methods- form fault
to trip, reducing the number of faults, reducing the fault clearing time changing the power
system, installing mitigation equipment, improving equipment immunity, different events and
mitigation methods. System equipment interface- voltage source converter, series voltage
controller, shunt controller, combined shunt and series controller.
Power Quality and EMC Standards: Introduction to standardization, IEC Electromagnetic
compatibility standards, European voltage characteristics standards, PQ surveys.
Reference Book:

1. Understanding Power Quality Problems by Math H J Bollen, IEEE Press.

2. Electrical power quality R C Dugan, M.F,M Granghar, H.W.Beaty-TMH.

POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS & STABILITY

MTPS 1203

L-T-P: 3-1-0

MODULE-1
System Dynamics: Synchronous machine model in state space form, computer representation
for excitation and governor systems modeling of loads and induction machines.
Stability steady state stability limit Dynamic Stability limit Dynamic stability analysis.
MODULE-2
State space representation of synchronous machine connected to infinite bus, Time response
Stability by Eigen value approach.
Digital Simulation of Transient Stability: Swing equation, Machine equations
Concept of Multi machine Stability, Multi machine Transient Stability Under Different
Faulted Conditions.
MODULE-3
Effect of governor action and exciter on power system stability. Effect of saturation, saliency
& automatic voltage regulators on stability.
Excitation Systems: Rotating Self-excited Exciter with direct acting Rheostatic type, voltage
regulator Rotating main and Pilot Exciters with Indirect Acting Rheostatic Type Voltage
Regulator.
Rotating Main Exciter, Rotating Amplifier and Static Voltage Regulator Static excitation
scheme Brushless excitation system.
Reference Books:
1. Power System Stability by Kimbark Vol. I&II, III 1968, Dover Publication Inc, New
York 1968.
2. Power System control and stability by Anderson and Fund, Vol I, P.M.Arolerson &
A.A.fouad, Galgotia Publications 3B/12, Uttari marg Rajunder Nagar, New Delhi
110060, 1981, 1 st edition.
3. Power System Dynamics Stability and Control by K.R.Padiyar, Second edition
B.S.Publications 2002.
4. Computer Applications to Power SystemsGlenn.W.Stagg &
Ahmed. H.El.Abiad
5. Power Systems Analysis & Stability S.S.Vadhera Khanna Publishers.
6. Power System Analysis by Hadi Saadat Tata McGraw Hill Publications
7. Power System Analysis by John J.Graniger William D.Stevenson. JR. Tata McGraw
Hill Publications.

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (Elective-3)

MODULE-1
General : Introduction to Distribution systems, an overview of the role of computers in
distribution system planning-Load modeling and characteristics: definition of basic terms like
demand factor, utilization factor, load factor, plant factor, diversity factor, coincidence factor,
contribution factor and loss factor-Relationship between the load factor and loss factor Classification of loads (Residential, Commercial, Agricultural and Industrial) and their
characteristics. Distribution Feeders and Substations: Design consideration of Distribution
feeders: Radial and loop types of primary feeders, voltage levels, and feeder-loading.
MODULE-2
Design practice of the secondary distribution system. Location of Substations: Rating of a
Distribution Substation, service area with primary feeders. Benefits derived through optimal
location of substations. System analysis: Voltage drop and power loss calculations,
Derivation for volt-drop and power loss in lines, manual methods of solution for radial
networks, three-phase balanced primary lines, non-three-phase primary lines.
Protective devices and coordination: Objectives of distribution system protection, types of
common faults and procedure for fault calculation.
MODULE-3
Protective Devices: Principle of operation of fuses, circuit reclosers, line sectionalizer and
circuit breakers. Coordination of protective devices: General coordination procedure.
Capacitive compensation for power factor control: Different types of power capacitors, shunt
and series capacitors, effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and switched) power factor correction,
capacitor location. Economic justification. Procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
Voltage control : Equipment for voltage control, effect of series capacitors, effect of
AVB/AVR, line drop compensation.
Reference Books:
1. Electric Power Distribution System Engineering by Turan Gonen, Mc.Graw-Hill Book
Company,1986.
2. Electric Power Distribution-by A.S.Pabla, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing
Company, 4th edition, 1997.

POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY (Elective-3)

MODULE-1
Basics of Probability theory & Distribution: Basic probability theory rules for combining
probabilities of events Bernoullis trials probabilities density and distribution functions
binomial distribution expected value and standard deviation of binomial distribution.
Network Modelling and Reliability Analysis: Analysis of Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel
networks complex networks decomposition method.
Reliability functions :Reliability functions f(t), F(t), R(t), h(t) and their relationships
exponential distribution Expected value and standard deviation of exponential distribution

Bath tub curve reliability analysis of series parallel networks using exponential distribution
reliability measures MTTF, MTTR, MTBF.
MODULE-2
Markov Modelling : Markov chains concept of stochastic transitional probability Matrix,
Evaluation of limiting state Probabilities. Markov processes one component repairable
system time dependent probability evaluation using Laplace transform approach
evaluation of limiting state probabilities using STPM two component repairable models.
Frequency & Duration Techniques : Frequency and duration concept Evaluation of
frequency of encountering state, mean cycle time, for one , two component repairable models
evaluation of cumulative probability and cumulative frequency of encountering of merged
states.
MODULE-3
Generation System Reliability Analysis : Reliability model of a generation system
recursive relation for unit addition and removal load modeling - Merging of generation load
model evaluation of transition rates for merged state model cumulative Probability,
cumulative frequency of failure evaluation LOLP, LOLE.
Composite Systems Reliability Analysis: Decompositions method Reliability Indices
Weather Effects on Transmission Lines.
Distribution System and Reliability Analysis: Basic Concepts Evaluation of Basic and
performance reliability indices of radial networks.
Reference Books:
1. Reliability Evaluation of Engg. System R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Plenum Press, New
York.
2. Reliability Evaluation of Power systems R. Billinton, R.N.Allan, Pitman Advance
Publishing Program, New York.

3. An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering. Charles E.

Ebeling, TATA Mc Graw - Hill Edition.

ADVANCED DSP (Elective-3)

MODULE-1
Digital Filter Structure
Block diagram representation-Equivalent Structures-FIR and IIR digital filter Structures All
pass Filters-tunable IIR Digital Filters-IIR tapped cascaded Lattice Structures-FIR cascaded
Lattice structures-Parallel-Digital Sine-cosine generator-Computational complexity of digital
filter structures.
Digital filter design
Preliminary considerations-Bilinear transformation method of IIR filter design-design of Low
pass highpass-Bandpass, and Band stop- IIR digital filters-Spectral transformations of IIR
filters- FIR filter design-based on Windowed Fourier series- design of FIR digital filters with
least mean- Square-error-constrained Least-square design of FIR digital filters

MODULE-2
DSPalgorithm
implementation
Computation of the discrete Fourier transform- Number representation-Arithmetic
operations-handling of overflow-Tunable digital filters-function approximation.
Analysis of finite Word length effects
The Quantization process and errors- Quantization of fixed -point and floating -point
Numbers-Analysis of coefficient Quantization effects - Analysis of Arithmetic Round-off
errors-Dynamic range scaling-signal- to- noise ratio in Low -order IIR filters-Low-Sensitivity
Digital filters-Reduction of Product round-off errors using error feedback-Limit cycles in IIR
digital filters- Round-off errors in FFT Algorithms.
MODULE-3
Power Spectrum Estimation
Estimation of spectra from Finite Duration Observations signals Non-parametric methods
for power spectrum Estimation parametric method for power spectrum EstimationEstimation of spectral form-Finite duration observation of signals-Non-parametric methods
for power spectrum estimation-Walsh methods-Blackman & torchy method.
Reference

Books:

1. Digital signal processing-sanjit K. Mitra-TMH second edition

2. Discrete Time Signal Processing Alan V.Oppenheim, Ronald W.Shafer - PHI-1996 1st
edition-9th reprint
3 Digital Signal Processing principles, algorithms and Applications John
G.Proakis -PHI 3rd edition-2002
4 Digital Signal Processing S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C. Gnanapriya TMH - 2nd
reprint-2001
5 Theory and Applications of Digital Signal Proceesing-LourensR. Rebinar&Bernold
Digital Filter Analysis and Design-Auntonian-TMH

POWER SYSTEM DEREGULATION (Elective-4)

MODULE-1
Need and conditions for deregulation. Introduction of Market structure, Market
Architecture, Spot market, forward markets and settlements. Review of Concepts marginal
cost of generation, least-cost operation, incremental cost of generation.
Power System Operation: Old vs New
Electricity sector structures and Ownership /management, the forms of Ownership and
management. Different structure model like Monopoly model, Purchasing agency model,
wholesale competition model, Retail competition model.
MODULE-2
Framework and methods for the analysis of Bilateral and pool markets, LMP based markets,
auction models and price formation, price based unit commitment, country practices.

Transmission network and market power. Power wheeling transactions and marginal costing,
transmission costing. Congestion management methods- market splitting, counter-trading;
Effect of congestion on LMPs- country practices
MODULE-3
Ancillary Services and System Security in Deregulation. Classifications and definitions,
AS management in various markets- country practices. Technical, economic, & regulatory
issues involved in the deregulation of the power industry.
Reference Books:
1. Power System Economics: Designing markets for electricity - S. Stoft
2. Power generation, operation and control, -J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg
3. Operation of restructured power systems - K. Bhattacharya, M.H.J. Bollen and J.E.
Daalder
4. Market operations in electric power systems - M. Shahidehpour, H. Yamin and Z. Li
5. Fundamentals of power system economics - S. Kirschen and G. Strbac
6. Optimization principles: Practical Applications to the Operation and Markets
of the Electric Power Industry - N. S. Rau
7. Competition and Choice in Electricity - Sally Hunt and Graham Shuttleworth

REAL TIME CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS (Elective-4)

MODULE-1
State Estimation : Different types of State Estimations, Theory of WLS state estimation,
sequential and non-sequential methods to process measurements.
Bad data Observability, Bad data detection, identification and elimination.
Security and Contingency Evaluation : Security concept, Security Analysis and monitoring,
Contingency Analysis for Generator and line outages by iterative linear power flow method,
Fast Decoupled model, and network sensitivity methods.
MODULE-2
Computer Control of Power Systems : Need for real time and computer control of power
systems, operating states of a power system,
SCADA - Supervisory control and Data Acquisition systems implementation considerations,
energy control centres, software requirements for implementing the above functions.
MODULE-3
Voltage Stability : What is voltage stability, voltage collapse, and voltage security, relation of
voltage stability to rotor angle stability.
Voltage stability analysis Introduction to voltage stability analysis `P-V curves and `Q-V
curves, voltage stability in mature power systems, long-term voltage stability, power flow
analysis for voltage stability, voltage stability static indices and Research Areas

Application of AI and ANN in Power System : Basic concepts and definitions, algorithms for
load flow, short term load forecasting, fault diagnosis and state estimation.
Reference Books :
1. John J.Grainger and William D.Stevenson, Jr. : Power System Analysis,
McGraw-Hill, 1994, International Edition
1. Allen J.Wood and Bruce F.Wollenberg : Power Generation operation and control,
John Wiley & Sons, 1984
2. R.N.Dhar : Computer Aided Power Systems Operation and Analysis, Tata McGraw
Hill, 1982
3. L.P.Singh : Advanced Power System Analysis and Dynamics, Wiley
Eastern Ltd. 1986
4. Prabha Kundur : Power System Stability and Control -, McGraw Hill, 1994
5. P.D.Wasserman : `Neural Computing : Theory and Practice Van Nostrand
Feinhold, New York.

REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION AND MANAGEMENT

(Elective-4)
MODULE-1
Load Compensation
Objectives and specifications reactive power characteristics inductive and capacitive
approximate biasing Load compensator as a voltage regulator phase balancing and power
factor correction of unsymmetrical loads- examples.
Steady state reactive power compensation in transmission system:
Uncompensated line types of compensation Passive shunt and series and dynamic shunt
compensation examples
Transient state reactive power compensation in transmission systems:
Characteristic time periods passive shunt compensation static compensations- series
capacitor compensation compensation using synchronous condensers examples
MODULE-2
Reactive power coordination:
Objective Mathematical modeling Operation planning transmission benefits Basic
concepts of quality of power supply disturbances- steady state variations effects of under
voltages frequency Harmonics, radio frequency and electromagnetic interferences
Demand side management:
Load patterns basic methods load shaping power tariffs- KVAR based tariffs penalties for
voltage flickers and Harmonic voltage levels
MODULE-3
Distribution side Reactive power Management:
System losses loss reduction methods examples Reactive power planning objectives
Economics Planning capacitor placement retrofitting of capacitor banks
User side reactive power management:
KVAR requirements for domestic appliances Purpose of using capacitors selection of
capacitors deciding factors types of available capacitor, characteristics and Limitations

Reactive power management in electric traction systems and are furnaces:

Typical layout of traction systems reactive power control requirements distribution
transformers- Electric arc furnaces basic operations- furnaces transformer filter
requirements remedial measures power factor of an arc furnace
Reference Books:
1. Reactive power control in Electric power systems by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons,
1982 (Units I to IV)
2. Reactive power Management by D.M.Tagare,Tata McGraw Hill,2004.(Units V toVIII

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SIMULATION LAB

(Any TEN Experiments of the following to be done)
1. Obtain frequency response of a given system by using various methods:
(a)General method of finding the frequency domain specifications.
(b) Polar plot
(c) Bode plot
Also obtain the Gain margin and Phase margin.
2. Determine stability of a given dynamical system using following methods.
a) Root locus
b) Bode plot
c) Nyquist plot
d) Lypanov stability criteria
3. Transform a given dynamical system from I/O model to state variable model and vice
versa.
4. Conduct a power flow study on a given power system.
5. Conduct a power flow study on a given power system network using Gauss-Seidel iterative
method.
6. Develop a Simulink model for a single area load frequency problem and simulate the same.
7. Develop a Simulink model for a two-area load frequency problem and simulate the same.
8. Design a PID controller for two-area power system and simulate the same.
9. PSPICE Simulation of Single phase full converter using RLE loads.
10. PSPICE Simulation of Three phase full converter using RLE loads.
11. PSPICE Simulation of Single phase AC Voltage controller using RL load.
12. PSPICE Simulation of Three phase inverter with PWM controller.
13. PSPICE Simulation of Resonant Pulse commutation Circuit.
14. PSPICE Simulation of Impulse Commutation Circuit.

SEMESTER-3
ADAPTIVE & CONTROL THEORY
MTPS 2101

L-T-P: 3-1-0

Module-I
Introduction and overview of Systems Identification, Adaptive Control and applications.
Parameter Estimation: Least Square, Generalized and Recursive Least Square,
Estimator properties including error bounds and convergence, MES, ML and MAP
estimators, Nonlinear Least Squares. Model Structures and Predictors.
Module-II
Recursive Identification of Linear dynamic systems: RLS, ELS, IV, RML, Stochastic
Approximation, Extended Kalman Filter, generalized prediction error framework and its
application to ARMA and state models, convergence analysis, Time varying parameters.
Nonlinear System Identification. ; Adaptive schemes. Adaptive control theory.
Applications. Situations when constant Gain feedback is insufficient. ; Robust control. ;
The adaptive control problem. ; The model following problem. MRAS based on stability
theory. Model following when the full state is measurable.
Module-III
Direct MRAS for general linear systems. Prior knowledge in MRAS. MRAS for partially
known systems. Use of robust estimation methods in MRAS. ; The basic idea. Indirect
self-tuning regulators. Direct Self-tuning regulators. Linear Quadratic STR. Adaptive
Predictive control. Prior knowledge in STR.; Linear-in-the-parameters model. Least
squares estimation. Experimental conditions. Recursive estimators. Extended least
squares. Robust estimation methods (dead zone, projection).Implementation issues. ;
Nonlinear System Identification Techniques
Text Books:
1. K.J. Astrom and B. Wittenmark, Adaptive Control, Addison, Pearson 2006.
2. L. Ljung, System Identification Theory for the user, Prentice-Hall, 2007.
Reference Books:
1. K.S. Narendra and A.M. Annaswamy, Stable Adaptive Systems, Prentice-Hall,
1989.
2. Landau and Zito, Digital Control Systems: Design, Identification and Implementation,
Springer, 2006

POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS (Elective-5)

MODULE-1

Synchronous Machines: The basis of General Theory and Generalized Equation of A.C
machines, Equation in terms of phases variable parks transformation, Various reference
frames, Derivation of two-axis equation, Torque equation, Field and damper windings,
Equivalent circuits, Operational impedances and frequency response loci, Modified equation
with more accurate coupling between field and damper windings.
Selected topics on prime mover and energy supply systems: Governors for hydraulic and
steam turbines, Transient droop, speed governing system.
MODULE-2

Synchronous Generator short circuit and system faults: Symmetrical short circuit of
unloaded generator, Analysis of short circuit oscillograms, short circuit of loaded
synchronous generator, Unsymmetrical short of synchronous generator, system fault
calculation, Sudden load changes, Equivalent circuit under transient condition, Constant flux
linkage theorem, Simplified Phasor diagram for transient changes.
Selected topics on excitation systems: Modelling of excitation system components, exciter
(D.C and A.C), Amplifier, Stabilizing circuit
MODULE-3

Induction machines: Generator equation of the induction motor (equation), Application of

equation in primary and secondary reference frames and complex form of equation, Short
circuit and fault current due to the induction motor, fault calculation.
Transformers: Transient phenomena in transformer and transformer protection: General
characteristics of over voltage and current inrush, Transient over voltage characteristics tics,
Ferro resonant over voltage, protection against surges and insulation co-ordination.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The Generalized theory of electrical machines (Chapters: 1,2,34,5,8 and 11 by

B.Adkins and R.H. Hiiley.

2. Principle, Operation and Design of power Transformer By S.B Vasciitnsky.
3. The J & P transformer Book (Chapter: 22&23) By S. Austen Stigant and A.C Franklin.
4. Power System Stability & Control ( Chapters: 8&9) By P.Kundur, McGraw Hill-1994.

POWER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION (Elective-5)

MODULE-1
Introduction to optimization and classical optimization techniques
Linear Programming: Standard form, geometry of LPP, Simplex Method pf solving LPP,
revised simplex method, duality, decomposition principle, and transportation problem.
Non-Linear Problem (NLP): one dimensional method, Elimination methods,
Interpolation methods
Non-Linear Programming (NLP): Unconstrained optimization techniques-Direct search
and Descent methods, constrained optimization techniques, direct and indirect methods
MODULE-2
Dynamic Programming: Multistage decision processes, concept of sub-optimization and
principle of optimality, conversion of final value problem into an initial value problem.
CPM and PERT
Genetic Algorithm: Introduction to genetic Algorithm, working principle, coding of
variables, fitness function. GA operators; Similarities and differences between Gas and
Traditional methods; Unconstrained and constrained optimization using Genetic Algorithm,
real coded gas, Advanced Gas, global optimization using GA.
MODULE-3
Applications to Power system: Economic Load Dispatch in thermal and Hydro-thermal
system using GA and classical optimization techniques, Unit commitment problem, reactive
power optimization. Optimal power flow, LPP and NLP techniques to optimal flow
problems.
References:
1. "Optimization - Theory and Applications", S.S.Rao, Wiley-Eastern Limited
2. "Introduction of Linear and Non-Linear Programming ", David G. Luenberger, Wesley
Publishing Company
3. "Computational methods in Optimization ", Polak, Academic Press
4. "Optimization Theory with Applications" Pierre D.A., Wiley Publications
5. "Optimization for Engineering Design: Algorithms and Examples", Kalyanmoy deb, PHI
Publication
6. "Genetic Algorithm in Search Optimization and Machine Learning ", D.E. Goldberg,
Addision-Wesley Publication, 1989
7. "Advanced Power System Analysis and Dynamics " L.P. Singh, Wiley Eastern Limited.
8. "Power System Analysis ", Hadi Saadat, TMH Publication.
9. " Electrical Energy System : An Introduction ". Olle I.Elewgerd, TMH Publication, New
Delhi.

DEMAND SIDE ENERGY MANAGEMENT (Elective-5)

MODULE-1
Energy Audit: Definitions-Need-concepts-Types of energy audit; Energy index cost index
pie Charts Sankey diagrams.
Energy Economics: Introduction-Cost benefit risk analysis-Payback period-Straight line
depreciation-Sinking fund depreciationReducing balance depreciation-Net present value
method-Internal rate of return method-Profitability index for benefit cost ratio.
Energy Conservation in Electric utilities and Industry: Electrical load management: Energy
and load management devices-Conservation strategies; conservation in electric utilities and
industry: Introduction-Energy conservation in utilities by improving load factor-Utility
voltage regulation-Energy conservation in Industries-Power factor improvement.
MODULE-2
Energyefficient electric motors (EEMs): Energy efficient motors-construction and technical
features-case studies of EEMs with respect to cost effectiveness-performance characteristics;
Economics of EEMs and system life cycle-direct savings and payback analysis-efficiency
factor or efficiency evaluation factor
Electric Lighting: Introduction-Need for an energy management program-Building analysisModification of existing systems-Replacement of existing systems-priorities:
Illumination requirement: Task lighting requirements-lighting levels-system modificationsnon illumination modifications-lighting for non-task areas-reflectance-space geometry;
System elements.
MODULE-3
Light sources - characteristics of families of lamps-lamp substitution in existing systemsselection of higher efficiency lamps for a new system-Luminaries-ballasts-energy
conservation in lighting. White light LED and conducting Polymers.
Space Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Water Heating: IntroductionHeating of buildings-Transfer of Heat-Space heating methods-Ventilation and airconditioning-Insulation-Cooling load-Electric water heating systems-Energy conservation
methods.
Co-generation and storage: Combined cycle cogeneration-energy storage: pumped hydro
schemes-compressed air energy storage (CAES)-storage batteries-superconducting magnetic
energy storage (SMES)
References:
1.Energy management Hand book by Wayne C.Turner,John wiley and sons
publications
2.Electric Energy Utilization and Conservation by S C Tripathy,Tata McGraw
hill publiching company ltd.New Delhi
3.Energy efficient electric motors selection and application by John C.Andreas
4.Hand book on Energy Audit and Management by Amit kumar Tyagi,published
by TERI(Tata energy research Institute)
5.Energy management by Paul W.O Callaghan McGraw hill book company
6.Energy conversion systems by Rakosh Das Begamudre New age international publishers