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Professor S. Suresh
Elastic Plastic
Fracture
Previously, we have analyzed problems in which the plastic zone
was small compared to the specimen dimensions (small scale
yielding). In todays lecture we present techniques for analyzing
situations in which there can be large scale yielding, and
determine expressions for the stress components inside the
plastic zone. We will begin with a discussion of the
J integral.
Derivation
Integral
Derivation
Integral
Continued
Derivation
Integral
Continued
a = crack length.
S = a curve linking the lower and upper crack surfaces.
ds = an element of arc on this curve.
Derivation
Integral
Continued
We use the
Derivation
Integral
Continued
uM = ue + uapp
This represents the sum of the stored strain potential energy and
the potential energy of the applied loading.
Derivation
Integral
Continued
uM =
wdA , T uds
S
Derivation
Integral
Continued
duM
da
@
u
wdy , T @xds
J
Z
Derivation
Integral
Continued
(
)
dUM
= , da
J =G=,
d PE
da
2,
K
2
= E 1,
KIc value
Derivation
Integral
Continued
10
Derivation
Integral
Continued
Jalong S1 = Jalong S2
The
If
S2 is in elastic material,
2,
K
2
JS2 = E 1 ,
11
HRR field
We now consider the Hutchinson, Rice, Rosengren (HRR)
singular crack tip fields for elastoplastic material response.
(Recall Williams solution assumes linear elastic material
behavior).
Assume: Pure power law material response:
=
0
0
n
12
Continued
HRR field
With these assumptions, the crack tip fields (HRR field) can be
derived. (Ref: J.W. Hutchinson, JMPS, 1968 and J.R. Rice and
G.F. Rosengren, JMPS, 1968.)
1
n+1
J
ij = 0 I r ~ij (; n)
0 0 n
+1
J
ij = 0 I r ~ij (; n)
0 0 n
+1
J
1
+1
ui = 0 I r r u~i (; n)
0 0 n
The function In has a weak dependence on n.
n
n
n
n
13
CTOD
The variation in crack tip opening displacement
different material response is depicted below:
t or (CTOD) for
14
CTOD
The definition of
45 construction
15
CTOD
J
t = dn
0
Plane Stress:
16
CTOD
Presuming dominance of HRR fields
J
J
t = dn
0
0
For Small Scale Yielding (SSY)
2,
K
I
2
J = E 1,
,
2
2
1
,
K
I
t = dn E
0
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CTOD
Importance/Applications of CTOD:
Critical CTOD as a measure of toughness.
Exp. measure of driving force.
Multiaxial fracture characterization.
Specimen size requirements for
18
J-Dominance
Just as for the
( -based) fields.
19
J-Dominance
Under plane strain and small scale yielding conditions, it has
been found that:
1
r0 4rp
For
20
J-Dominance
21
K and
J-Dominance
= 350
E = 210
K
J
K = 250
22
K-Dominance
ASTM standard E399 (1974) for
KIc testing:
K
Ic
a; b; t > 2:5
0
Substitute the known values for 0 and KIc. Find that
2
23
J-Dominance
J
K
1
,
Ic
Ic
b > 25 = 25 E
0
0
,
b > 0:02 m
Specimen size requirements for J testing are much less severe
than for K testing.
24
J-Dominance
The measured
24
J-Dominance
Example: notched bar loaded axially (induces bending and
stretching)
25
J-Dominance
26