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1. The Heart
1. 1cm X 9Cm X 6 cm
2. 250-300 grams
2. Mediastinum
1. central compartment of the thoracic cavity
2. contains heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve,
cardiac nerves,lymph nodes
3. extends from sternum to the vertebra column, frist rig to diaphragm, and between the lungs
3. Pericardium
1. membrane that surrounds heart and root of great vessels
2. 2 components
1. fibrous: tough CT, forms outer layer
2. serous: thin and contains 2 parts: small space inbetween to lubricate
1. parietal: lines the inner surface of fibrous
2. visceral (epicardium): adheres to the heart and forms its most intimate covering
4. Pericardium
1. parietal and visceral layers of pericarium are continuous at the root of the great vessles
2. Pericardial cavity
1. narrow space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium
2. contains a thin film of lubricatng fluid....
3. pericardial effusion cardiomegaly blood or excess fluid in pericardial cavity between
visceral and parietal layers
5. Surfaces of the heart
1. apex: formed by tip of LV; located in 5th LICS in the MCL
2. base/posterior surface: Formed Mainly by left atrium
3. sternocostal/anterior surface: formed mainly by the *right ventricle*; some portions of right
atrium and left ventricle
4. left pulmonary surface: formed mainly by LV and portion of left atrium
5. right pulmonary surface: formed by right atrium
6. diaphragmatic/inferior surface: formed by both ventricles ; mainly left
6. Borders (margins) of the heart
1. Right: Right atrium
2. Left: left ventricle and Left auricle
3. Inferior Border: right ventricle and slightly left ventricle
4. superior: both atria
7. Heart chambers
1. 2 atria
2. 2 ventricles
8. Heart Valves
1. semilunar valves
1. have 3 cusps shaped like half-moons
2. aortic and pulmonary valve
3. unlike AV valves, are not attached to chordae tendinae
2. Atrioventricuar Valves
1. located bweteen the atrium and bventricle
2. tricuspid, mitrial (?)
9. Ventricular contracion: systole