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The heart

1. The Heart
1. 1cm X 9Cm X 6 cm
2. 250-300 grams
2. Mediastinum
1. central compartment of the thoracic cavity
2. contains heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve,
cardiac nerves,lymph nodes
3. extends from sternum to the vertebra column, frist rig to diaphragm, and between the lungs
3. Pericardium
1. membrane that surrounds heart and root of great vessels
2. 2 components
1. fibrous: tough CT, forms outer layer
2. serous: thin and contains 2 parts: small space inbetween to lubricate
1. parietal: lines the inner surface of fibrous
2. visceral (epicardium): adheres to the heart and forms its most intimate covering
4. Pericardium
1. parietal and visceral layers of pericarium are continuous at the root of the great vessles
2. Pericardial cavity
1. narrow space between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium
2. contains a thin film of lubricatng fluid....
3. pericardial effusion cardiomegaly blood or excess fluid in pericardial cavity between
visceral and parietal layers
5. Surfaces of the heart
1. apex: formed by tip of LV; located in 5th LICS in the MCL
2. base/posterior surface: Formed Mainly by left atrium
3. sternocostal/anterior surface: formed mainly by the *right ventricle*; some portions of right
atrium and left ventricle
4. left pulmonary surface: formed mainly by LV and portion of left atrium
5. right pulmonary surface: formed by right atrium
6. diaphragmatic/inferior surface: formed by both ventricles ; mainly left
6. Borders (margins) of the heart
1. Right: Right atrium
2. Left: left ventricle and Left auricle
3. Inferior Border: right ventricle and slightly left ventricle
4. superior: both atria
7. Heart chambers
1. 2 atria
2. 2 ventricles
8. Heart Valves
1. semilunar valves
1. have 3 cusps shaped like half-moons
2. aortic and pulmonary valve
3. unlike AV valves, are not attached to chordae tendinae
2. Atrioventricuar Valves
1. located bweteen the atrium and bventricle
2. tricuspid, mitrial (?)
9. Ventricular contracion: systole

1. closure of atrioventricular valves ( don't want backflwo to atria)


2. aortic semilunar valves are open
10. Ventricular relaxation: Diastole
1. atrioventricular vlaves are open
2. semilunar valves are closed
11. Heart valves and their anatomical position
1. Atrioventricular vlaves
1. tricuspid: behind sternum next to right 4th intercostal space
2. mitrial (bicuspid): inferior to aortic valve next to 4th left costal cartilage
2. semilunar valves
1. aortic: inferior to pulmonary valve, next to 3rd left intercostal space
2. pulmonary: at the unction of the 3rd left costal cartilage and sternum
12. auscultation sites are NOT te same as anatomical positions
13. Arterial supply of the heart
1. supplied by 2 corarnry arteries
2. 2 coranary a......
14. Right C. artery
1. supplies right Atriuma nd right ventriclessino2. atrial and atrioventricular nodes
3. interatrial septum
4. portion of the lft atrium
5. posteroinfeior one-third of the interventricular septum
6. portion of the posterior part of the left ventricle
15. Left C. Artery (seomthing about LAD and PDA)
1. supplies most of the left atrium and let ventriclesanterior
2. 2/3rds of the interventricular septum
3. the atrioventricular bundle and its branches
16. Coronary artery disease
1. occurs most often in the left C artery
17. Venous Drainag e of the heart
1. cardiac veins: remove deoxygenated blood from the theart
2. coronary sinus: argest vein of hear./////.....
18. Nerve supply of heart
1. sympattheics
1. off chain T-4
2. postganglionic
3. increase heart rate, dilate cardiave vesells
2. Parasympathethcis
1. vagus CN X
2. pre ganglionic
3. combined they form cardiopulmonary nerve plexus
1. decrease heart rate, contstrict cardiac vessels
19. Conductinf system of the heart
1. cosist of specialiezed cardiac muscles fiber
2. coordinate the contraction of the heart chapbers
3. gives the heart its automaric rhythmic beat
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