Arthel Beatrice Broce

Ma. Trixie Palomaria

Ma. Alessandra Barredo

235, and Thorium 232

contained within the mantle
Temperature: 1000-3700
degree Celsius
Composition: Fe, Mg, Al, Si ,O

Core
OBJECTIVES:

Explain why earths interior is

hot

The deepest layer is a solid

iron ball

Mantle

largest layer of the earth

composed of very hot dense
rock
the outside hardened and
formed a crust
Radioactive isotopes like
Potassium 40, Uranium 238,

composed of two layers:

a.) outer core
-temperature: 4000-5000
degree Celsius
Composition: mostly iron
plus substantial amounts
of sulfur and nickel
b.) inner core
-temperature: 5000-7000
degree Celsius
-The iron is not pure- it
contains sulfur and nickel,
plus smaller amount of
other elements
-Although this inner core is
white hot, the pressure is
so high the iron cannot
melt.

Inside the earth

The Earth's interior is composed

of four layers, three solid and
one liquidnot magma but
molten metal, nearly as hot as
the surface of the sun.

center of the earth

generates earths magnetic

field

Four Radioactive isotopes

responsible for radiogenic
heat:

Uranium-238

Uranium- 235

Thorium- 232

Potassium- 40

Uranium- element that produces

nuclear energy. Undergoes
radioactive decay to produce heat
in the Earth.

Heat production
-

Occurs in the earths lower

mantle
The effect is like a heat
blanket wrapped around
the planet which adds
heat and further aids in
trapping heat inside the
planet

3 main sources of the heat:

1.) Planetary Accretion
Primordial Heat- heat from
when planet formed, which
has not yet been lost
Earths heat is leftover from
when gravity first condensed
a planet from the cloud of hot

gasses and particles in preEarth space

2.) Frictional Heating
-caused by denser core
material sinking to the center
of the planet
3.) Radioactive Decay
-process by which Earth
makes heat
-many of the rocks in the
Earths crust and interior
undergo this process
-this process produces
subatomic particles that zip
away, and later collide with
surrounding material inside
the earth. Their energy of
motion is converted to heat

sinking and repeating the

cycle again.
Latent Heat

Arises from the core

Just as freeing water turns to

ice that liquid metal is
turning solid and adding
volume in the process.

Heat released by this

expansion is seeping into the
mantle.
Processes in the Mantle

Convection current- caused

by the very hot material at
the deepest part of the
mantle rising, then cooling,

Subduction- action in plate

tectonics of the edge of one
crustal plate descending
below the edge of the other.

Produces heat by friction

References

Scienceline.ucsb.edu

Earhsky.org/Earth

www.enotes.com

www.geology.sdsu.edu

Ww.mantleplumes.org