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Internet of Things and Smart City

Parthkumar J. Patel
Jayraj Dave
7pjpatel77@gmail.com,
Jayrajdave3110@gmail.com
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Ahmedabad University
Ahmedabad University
Abstract: Internet of
things is transparently able to incorporate large number of different and heterogeneous end systems. The
world population is growing at a rapid pace. Towns and cities are accommodating half of the worlds
population, thereby creates tremendous pressure on every aspect of urban living. Cities are known to have the
largest concentration of resources and facilities. Thus, it is essential to focus on socio-economic and sustainable
development along with quality of life in urban areas. In current times software, infrastructure and platform
applications are offered as services using cloud technologies. Our primary objective is to investigate the role of
IoT in technological, economical, and social perspectives along with identifying the major open challenges and
issues along with the requirement for rich IoT experience in the context of smart cities. In this paper, we focus
specifically on an IoT system which is quite a broad category using it in smart cities demands sustainable and
socio-economic development from such technologies. Internet of Things are designed to support the Smart
City vision, which aims at exploiting the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value
services for the management of the city and Quality of Services (QoS) for the citizens.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Smart City, Quality of Services, Sustainable Development

I. INTRODUCTION
Internet of things is an interconnection of computing devices which are embedded in physical objects like vehicles,
devices, buildings and enables them to send and receive data. It allows people and things to be connected Anytime,
Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Any path or network and Any service [1]. Sensors and actuators
are sensing to collect and exchange the data and access remotely using existing network infrastructure. IoT systems
provide real-time awareness and integrate people, processes, and knowledge to enable collective intelligence for
smart decision-making. Such technology will help so that a better world can be created for human beings, such that
the objects around us would know what we like, what we want, and what we need and act accordingly without
explicit instructions. [2]
Every object has a unique identity and through that we can make it identifiable on the internet so that they can be
connected. However, in modern days, the definition has become much more inclusive with applications in many
fields such as smart grids, smart city, environment monitoring, health care monitoring, smart transportation, energy
management, building and home automation etc. It creates a direct integration of the physical world into computer
based system and as a result it improves accuracy, efficiency and economic benefit. But increasingly invisible and
dense collection and processing of data on peoples private lives gives rise to serious privacy concerns and ignorance
of those issues can have undesired consequences.
In smart city, the Quality of Services with sustainable and socio-economic growth is very imperative. Here in this
paper, we will be focusing on the IoT framework in terms of its implementation, existing models, challenges along
with their future possibilities and opportunities, to increase Quality of Service in in smart cities. The core objective is
to study IoT framework in the context of smart cities and proposing recommendation and solutions for the same.
Goal of the smart city is to make better use of the public resources, increasing the quality of the services offered to
the stake holders, which reduced operational costs of the public administrations. This objective can be achieved by
the deployment of an urban IoT, i.e., a communication infrastructure that provides simple, unified and economical
access to a plethora of public services, thus unleashing potential opportunities and increasing transparency to the

citizens. An urban IoT could surely bring a number of benefits in the management and optimization of traditional
public services, such as lighting, transport and parking, preservation of cultural heritage, surveillance and
maintenance of public areas, garbage collection, salubrity of hospitals, and school. [4]

A smart city can make intelligent responses to different kinds of needs, including daily livelihood, environmental
protection, public safety, city services, and industrial and commercial activities. Urban living already poses major
challenges in our daily lives. The United Nations Population Fund forecasts that by 2030 approximately 60 percent of
the world population will live in an urban environment, while 27 megacities with greater than 10 million people are
anticipated to exist. According to make in India Smart Cities in India is all set to become the most-populous country
in the world by 2030, making it the home to the biggest and the most under-penetrated market for global
manufacturers and service providers. Unlike its preceding generations, this growing population is also shifting to top
tier cities of the country giving rise to new megacities estimated to generate 80% of economic growth, with potential
to apply modern technologies and infrastructure, promoting better use of scarce resources. As per estimates, about
2530 people will migrate every minute to major Indian cities from rural areas in search of better livelihood and
better lifestyles. With this momentum, about 843 million people are expected to live in urban areas by 2050. [3] To
accommodate this massive urbanization, India needs to find smarter ways to manage complexities, reduce expenses,
increase efficiency and improve the quality of life.
Moreover, the availability of different kinds of data, collected by a widely spread urban IoT, can also be exploited to
increase the transparency and promote the actions of the local government towards the citizens, stimulate the active
participation of the citizens in the management of public administration, and also stimulate the creation of new
services upon those provided by the IoT. There are many benefits that can be achieved by deployment of IoT in smart
cities. These benefits could help in improving the utilization of existing infrastructure capacity which can further help
in reducing the need for new construction to increase capacity; reducing resource consumption, reducing CO2
emissions, especially water and energy; developing new services for citizens such as real-time transportation
guidance and e-governance, and monitoring energy, water, and transportation demand to better management of
capabilities. [5]

II. FRAMEWORK

Figure -1: An ideal smart city Loop

The concept of a Multi domain Expert Network to cover the ever changing novel areas, as well as the explicit notion
of industry/governance stakeholders and citizens as the active elements impacting and influencing the system city.
Figure 1 introduces this improved, ideal Smart City loop. The city itself emits massive amounts of data from a
plethora of sources including IoT networks, documents and citizens. This diverse static and dynamic data needs to be
stored and managed, to provide the fundament for the next step. The multi-domain expert network is a dynamic
interaction of different domain experts, providing analytics and models about important aspects of the city, enabling a
holistic view. This holistic view provides the decision support relevant for industry and governance stakeholders as
well as citizens to impact and influence the city. We consider this loop a vital baseline for realizing a holistic, future
proof and evolutionary smart city. [6]
The effects of this loop not only enable cities on their path to become smart, they also open up a wealth of new
opportunities to discover uncharted territory and utilize unexpected synergy effects. The novel connectedness of
information, domain experts and stakeholders allows unanticipated forms of interaction and exchange. Experts gain
new insights using previously unattainable data, enabling them to understand and grasp the city in unimagined ways.
This new understanding however is not just limited to their domain, but allows them to suddenly see connections to
other domains in which their models and ideas can flourish. This open connectivity of experts, stakeholders and
citizens enables an open exchange beyond domain borders, empowering a truly interdisciplinary approach without
limits. This turns the city into an organic, dynamic and adaptive network of capabilities shedding itself from the
dangers of compartmentalization. In order for a smart city to truly thrive, it is of essential importance that it becomes
an interconnected entity not limited by geographical borders. What shows great potential in an intra city context
becomes truly limitless in an intercity universe. Smart Cities exchanging their capabilities in an organic elastic
manner, being able to address whatever challenge and opportunity they face with the expertise, data and knowledge
of a global network will enable cities to become the global smart haven of innovation they can be. [6]

III. REFERENCES
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the Internet of Things,'' European Commission Information Society and Media,
Luxembourg, Tech. Rep., Mar. 2010.
2. C. Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, ``Context aware computing
for the Internet of Things: A survey,'' IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 16, no. 1, pp.
414_454, Jan. 2013
3. www.makeinindia.com/article/-/v/internet-of things
4. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L. and Zorzi, M., 2014. Internet of things for
smart cities. Internet of Things Journal, IEEE, 1(1), pp.22-32.
5. Harrison, C., and I.A. Donnelly. A theory of smart cities, Proceedings of the 55th Annual
Meeting of the ISSS-2011, Hull, UK, vol. 55, no. 1, 2011.
6. Schleicher, Johannes M., et al. "Towards the Internet of Cities: A Research Roadmap for
Next-Generation Smart Cities." Proceedings of the ACM First International Workshop on
Understanding the City with Urban Informatics. ACM, 2015.