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PCB 4013
Topic
Gas Flow Measurement
Semester: September 2016
Reference Book:
Gas Production Engineering by Sanjay Kumar
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Measurement Fundamentals
Selection of Measurement Devices
Orifice Meters
Critical Flow Prover
Choke Nipple
Pitot Tube
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Measurement Fundamentals
Flow is one of the difficult variables to measure because it
cannot be measured directly like pressure and temperature.
It must be derived by indirect means.
o Pressure differential over a specified distance
o Speed of rotation of a rotating element
o Displacement rate in a measurement chamber, etc.
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Accuracy =
x 100%
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Classes of Meters
The most common principals for gas flow metering are:
1. Differential Pressure Flowmeters
2. Velocity Flowmeters
3. Positive Displacement Flowmeters
4. Mass Flowmeters
The most common types of differential pressure flow-meters are:
Orifice Meter
Venturi Meter
Flow Nozzles
Pitot Tube
Orifice Well Tester
Critical Flow Provers
Variable Area Rotameter
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Classes of Meters
The most common types of velocity flow-meters are:
Turbine
Ultrasonic
Electromagnetic
Vortex-shedding
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Classes of Meters
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Classes of Meters
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Classes of Meters
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Classes of Meters
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Orifice Meters
Orifice meter is used most commonly in the gas production and
transportation industry because of its accuracy, simplicity, and
reasonable cost.
It has an interchangeable orifice plate with a small, circular
opening, much smaller than the pipe diameter, inserted into
the flow line.
Either pipe taps or flange taps, are used to measure pressure.
The orifice meter has a gauge that records the pressure and
the pressure difference between the taps.
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where,
= gas flow rate, SCF/Hr
= differential head at 60oF, in. of water
= absolute static pressure of the following fluid, psia
= constant =
where,
= basic orifice factor
= expansion factor
https://www.scribd.com/doc/105594547/Ga
s-Production-Eng-sanjay-Kumar
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14.73
, =
520
, = base (standard)
psia
= temperature-base factor =
temperature in oR
520
0.5
, = flowing
temperature in oR
= specific gravity factor =
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1
0.5
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Choke Nipples
Choke nipples sometimes are used to control gas flow rates.
Fig. shows a sketch of a choke nipple.
A more common choke is the bean choke in which a cylinder,
similar to a choke nipple, is inserted into a choke assembly.
For estimating flow rate, bean chokes can be treated the same as
choke nipples.
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Choke Nipple
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Pitot Tube
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Pitot Tube
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Thank You
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Q&A
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