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Documente Cultură
Shinto in Japan
Bloomsbury Academic
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Bloomsbury Academic
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First published 2016
Yijiang Zhong, 2016
Yijiang Zhong has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to
be identified as Author of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
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the author.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: HB:
978-1-4742-7108-0
ePDF: 978-1-4742-7110-3
ePub: 978-1-4742-7109-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Series design by Dani Leigh
Cover image detail of Illustration of the Grand Shinto Shrine of Izumo, 1862 by Utagawa
Kunihisa II (1832 1891) Oban Triptych
Series: Bloomsbury Shinto Studies
Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN
To
Kno Kichi and Kno Junko
vi
Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
Note on Text/Translation
1
2
3
4
5
Introduction
Resurrecting the Great Lord of the Land, 16531667
The Month without the Gods, 16001871
True Pillar of the Soul, 17921846
Converting Japan, 18251875
Competing Ways of the Gods, 18721889
Conclusion The Izumo Gods, Nation, and Empire
Notes
Bibliography
Index
viii
x
xii
1
17
49
89
131
163
201
215
245
255
List of Figures
Figure 1. Kitsuki Taisha king ezu , seventeenth century.
Courtesy Kitajima Tatetaka
18
Figure 2. Izumo koku Taisha zu , c. late Tokugawa period.
Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
45
Figure 3. Senge Toshikatsu san Daikoku shinz , turn of
the eighteenth century. Courtesy Isonomiya Hachiman Shrine
71
Figure 4. kuninushi painted on Shrine wall plank, c. 1744. Photo taken by
author. 72
Figure 5. kuninushi shinz , early nineteenth century.
Courtesy Izumo Bunka Densho Museum
73
Figure 6. Shusse chju Daikokuten gohu , 1864.
Courtesy Izumo Bunka Densho Museum
74
Figure 7. Nishinomiya Daijing oshinsatsu , late Tokugawa
period. Courtesy Hakushika Sake Museum
75
Figure 8. Ebisu & Daikoku zu , late seventeenth/early eighteenth century. Courtesy Ichigami Shrine
76
Figure 9. kuninushi mikoto kami & Ebisu kami , late
Tokugawa/early Meiji period. Courtesy Ichigami Shrine
77
Figure 10. Ryjajin , late Tokugawa/early Meiji period. Courtesy
Ichigami Shrine
79
Figure 11. Gofu Taisha gokit gyba anzen , late
Tokugawa/early Meiji period. Courtesy Izumo Bunka Densho Museum
81
Figure 12. Izumo no kuni Taisha no zu , early nineteenth
century. Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
83
Figure 13. Izumo Taisha enmusubi zu , first half of the
nineteenth century. Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
84
Figure 14. Taisha enmusubi zu , late Tokugawa/early Meiji
period. Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
84
Figure 15. Daijishin ykai jing taiji no zu , c. 1855.
Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
85
Figure 16. Ebisuten mshiwake no ki , c. 1855.
Courtesy Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo
86
List of Figures
ix
102
103
105
106
108
109
110
111
Acknowledgments
A book is the result of a long thinking process enabled by input from many inspiring
and generous people. I am fully aware that so many people have assisted the
completion of this book that I wont be able to acknowledge all the support and help I
have received. I would firstly like to express my deepest gratitude to James E. Ketelaar,
Prasenjit Duara, and William H. Sewell, Jr. for their inspiration and mentoring. Most
importantly, I learned from them how to think from the perspective of history, but
over the years they also facilitated a process of personal transformation that is as
fundamental as it is comprehensive. For this I am forever indebted and hope this
book is adequate to their consistent support. My thanks also go to Susan L. Burns and
Jacob Eyferth who offered valuable advice at various stages of research. I would like
to thank Helen Findley, Jacques Fasan, John Person, and Cameron Penwell for many
stimulating conversations and comments at the University of Chicago. Earlier at the
University of Toronto, Andre Schmid showed me how to connect Japanese history to
Korea. He also provided valuable support in reading and commenting on my early
work on Shinto. Michael Feener has been an invaluable colleague at the Asia Research
Institute of National University of Singapore. The conversations with him were intellectually stimulating. Also at the Asia Research Institute, Philip Fountain and Anne
Blackburn deserve special acknowledgment for reading my work and offering their
sharp comments. Colleagues of the East Asian Institute at National University of
Singapore, Jiwei Qian, and Wei Shan, offered many insights from the disciplines
of economics and political science. Helen Hardacre kindly read sections of the
manuscript and her advice has been enormously helpful. John Breen, Takashi Fujitani,
Trent Maxey, Mark Teeuwen, Sarah Thal, and Aike P. Rots read my work partially or
in its entirety at different stages and I am glad to be able to incorporate many of their
comments into the book. I have benefitted enormously from conversations with my
colleagues at the University of Tokyo: Haneda Masashi, Nakajima Takahiro, Sonoda
Shigeto, Lin Shaoyang, and Nawa Katsuo. My thanks also go to Fabio Rambelli and
Lalle Pursglove as well as the anonymous reader at Bloomsbury for their help in
bringing this book into print.
My research in Japan would not be possible without the support of many people
and institutions. Isomae Junichi at the International Research Center of Japanese
Studies not only introduced me to scholarship in Japanese previously unknown to me
but also showed me how to connect study of religion and history with contemporary
issues. Katsurajima Nobuhiro of Ritsumeikan University was a great facilitator for my
archival research in Japan. His work on early modern Japan has equally been inspiring
for me. The conception of this book benefitted enormously from sitting in on Koyasu
Nobukunis lectures at the Kaitokudo Study Group. I would like to thank him and
Miyakawa Yasuko for giving me the chance to be part of the study group. Nishioka
Acknowledgments
xi
Note on Text/Translation
All Japanese names are given with surnames first, as is customary in Japan. Long vowels
are indicated with macrons except in the case of commonplace names and terms such
as Tokyo and Shinto. Lunar calendar dates before adoption of the Gregorian calendar
in December 1872 are indicated in ordinal numbers. For example, the seventeenth day
of the ninth month of 1662 or 9/17/1662.
Introduction