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INTRODUCTION
This course on Lifting Equipment,
Rigging, and Slinging is designed to
identify and detail the mandatory
requirements for the safe utilization of
all lifting equipment operating on the
Project. The course will also provide a
clear understanding of Lifting tackles,
Rigging and Slinging practice, Safe
Working Loads, Different types of
Cranes and Crane Signals.
DEFINITIONS
LIFTING
EQUIPMENT
Lifting Equipment
means any
appliance, item or
thing used to raise,
lower, suspend, or
transport a load.
Soft Eye
Soft Eye
Endless
Action
If any of the above faults are present refer to a competent person
for through examination.
Maintenance
SLING INSPECTION
while inspecting the sling;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Badly worn
strands
Broken and fraying strands.
Kinking.
Corrosion.
KINKING:
Handle wire ropes and wire rope slings
with care and ensure that a kink does
not occur making it unserviceable.
Damage rope
BELT SLINGS
Identification
Maintenance
ROUNDSLINGS
Identification
A further category of man-made fibre slings is the round sling.
This is manufactured from an endless polyester yarn and
covered with a protective polyester sleeve stitched as illustrated.
WLL Tonnes
1.0Violet
2.0Green
3.0Yellow
4.0Grey
5.0Red
6.0Brown
8.0Blue
10.0
Maintenance
Orange
Round sling
Action
Maintenance
Colour
COLOR CODING
The project operates a system where by
all Lifting Equipment is color coded
with a unique color, at Quarterly
Intervals, after inspection.
Red color is reserved especially for
items scrapped or not to be used.
Contractors shall comply with the
project color coding system every 3
months.
Belt slings /
Web slings:
Round slings:
BLOCKS
LOWERING:
To lower the load, turn
the pawl lever to the
down position.
Operate
the
handle
backwards and forwards
to lower the load.
When
the
load
is
securely in
position,
operate the handle to
slacken the chain.
Turn the pawl lever to the
neutral position and turn
the hand wheel to give
sufficient length of chain
to be able to release the
slings and / ore shackles.
chain before
using it.
Look for
stretched
links, wear,
distortion
and any other
sign of
weakness.
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Shackles :
Identification
Identification
This is a multi purpose tool made to pull and
pay-off wire rope.
A special wire rope is fitted through the
machine and cannot be removed whilst
there is a load on the winch.
When the operating handles are actuated by
hand, the rope is either pulled or paid-out
through the machine.
Notched
position
2.
3.
Release
handle
4.
5.
6.
B
Hoisting or Pulling
Fit the operating handle on to the actuating lever and work
the handle to and fro.
This action pulls the rope through the machine and
automatically locks it in position when the operating
handle is released.
7.
Actuating lever
2.
3.
Lowering lever
WHIP LASH:
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
PLATE CLAMPS:
PLATE CLAMPS
Identification
There are various types of plate clamps in use, the following three being
the most common:
Inspection
Universal
Vertical
Action
If any of the above faults are present refer to a competent person for thorough
examination.
Maintenance
Horizontal
PLATE CLAMPS
Plate clamps are available in two basis designs, i.e. horizontal plate clamps (sued in pairs and usually suspended by a
two leg sling from a lifting beam) for handling plates in the horizontal position. (These clamps can also lift from horizontal
to vertical and vice versa, but should
Selection
Horizontal Clamps
The first consideration when selecting the clamp is how the plate is to be transported and stacked, ie horizontal or
vertically.
The second consideration is the weight of the plate to be handled which will determine the SWL of the clamps.
The third consideration is the plate thickness which will determine the correct model of clamp with the appropriate jaw
opening.
Pre-use Examination
Before using any plate clamps, the following checks should be made:
The SWL is adequate for the load.
The colour coding (where applicable) is current and the clamp has a plant number / ID mark.
Lock the jaw in the closed position and ensure the jaws have a firm bite on the plate.
Always
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Check that the plate is clean and free from mill scale, dirt, Oil and grease.
Double check that the jaws are locked.
Use an adequate number of clamps to balance the load.
Lift slowly to allow the jaws to obtain a good grip.
Never
Attach clamps to the side of the plate
Never
Fast lower onto the floor as this could cause the clamp to open and release the plate.
Lift horizontally with a vertical clamp.
Lift more than one plate at a time.
Use large capacity clamps to lift light loads.
When using horizontal plate clamps, do not exceed the sling angles indicated below and
do not lift more than one plate at a time unless the clamps are suitable, i.e. sheet bundle
clamps
Never
CARE OF EYE
BOLTS:
Always tighten eye bolts to
the correct position, but do
not over strain them. Fit a
shackle
so
that
the
minimum strain is imposed
when the lift is made
unless an eye bolt with link
is used.
Ensure the collar is hard
down on the material and
the eye in the right
direction for the lift.
ADJUSTING EQUIPMENT
Turnbuckles:
COMMON TURNBUCKLE
Turnbuckles (Rigging Screws) can be obtained with various types and
combinations of end fittings, the most popular being the Jaw and Eye type.
Eye
Selection
Jaw
Stub
Hook
(Has Reduced
capacity)
Preferred
Fig - 1
Acceptable
Fig - 2
Caution Required
Fig- 3
WARNING
When turnbuckles are to be left under load for any length of time, e.g.
temporary hangers for pope work, etc they should be visually checked on a
daily basis to ensure they are still secure.
PRE-USE EXAMINATION
Prior to using a turnbuckle in a lifting situation, visually examine it and ensure that:
i)
The SWL is adequate for the load.
ii)
The colour code is current and the turnbuckle has a plant number / I.D. mark.
iii)
The threads are free from wear, stretch and impact damage.
iv)
The eyes/hooks are not worn or stretched.
v)
The clevis pin and pin holes are free from distortion/wear.
vi)
The threads are suitable lubricated.
Check for cracks & bends
Safety
CORRECT
UNSAFE
Particular care must be taken when using Closed Body type screws. It may be necessary
to dismantle to dismantle the turnbuckle, measure the length of the threaded shanks,
reassemble and use measurement to ensure the above unsafe case is avoided.
LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Sorter Hooks
Hooks
Barrel
Hooks
CRANE HOOKS
Most cranes are fitted with C type hooks to prevent snagging on
protrusions such as handrails, etc., and in certain cases also have
safety catch to prevent the eye of the lifting sling being accidentally
displaced in the figure. Large cranes however tend to be fitted with
ramshorn type hooks which could have an effect on the sling design.
Soft
Eye
Soft
Eye
C Hook
Hard
Eye
Ramshorn Hooks
LIFTING APPLIANCES
RESPONSIBILITIES
WRONG
RIGHT
BLOCKING / CRIBBING
Outrigger Beam
Float Pad
Blocking / Cribbing
RIGHT
WRONG
S PR EAD
OUT THE LOAD
SO THE SUPPORTING SURFACE CAN SUPPORT IT
WRONG
CONES
BARRIER
TAPE
.
Z
A
W
E
D
Z
A
W
E
D
.
Z
A
W
E
D
WARNING
SIGNS
IDENTIFICATION OF TYPES OF
CRANE & THEIR PARTS
PARTS OF MOBILE CRANE
DOUBLE CHOKER
OR
A PAIR OF CHOKER HITCHES
Not to be hammered down.
Not to be hammered
down
DOUBLE BASKET
OR
PAIR BASKET HITCHES
SLING
Tension in leg
CENTER OF GRAVITY
The center of gravity of an object is that point at which the object will balance.
The entire weight may be considered as concentrated at this point.
Any suspended object (load) will center itself directly under the hook.
STABLE
UNSTABLE
Load is not above
Center of Gravity
UNSTABLE
Load is not above Center of Gravity
BOWLINE
A favorite knot with riggers and one of the best
known and widely used of all knots.
It is easily constructed and used wherever a
hitch is required that will not slip, jam or fail.
REEF KNOT
BOWLINE
RUNNING BOWLINE
EYE SPLICE
DOUBLE BOWLINE
CLOVE HITCH
ROLLING HITCH
SHORT SPLICE
SHEET BEND