Tensile Test

Objective:-

Understand tensile testing and gain their practices on

operating the tensile testing machine to achieve the
required tensile properties. Explain load-extension and
stress-strain

relationships

and

represent

them

in

graphical forms and to evaluate the values of ultimate

tensile strength.
Introduction

Tensile specimens are machined from the material to

be tested in the desired orientation and according to the
standards. The cross section of the specimen is usually
round, square or rectangular. For metals, a piece of
sufficient thickness can be obtained so that it can be
easily machined, a round specimen is commonly used.
For sheet and plate stock, a flat specimen is usually
employed. The change in the gage length of the sample
as pulling proceeds is measured from either the change in
actuator position (stroke or overall change in length) or a
sensor attached to the sample.

Graph comparing stress strain curves for brittle and ductile materials

Ductile

Brittle

Type of sample

Length

Width (mm)

Thickness

Steel

(mm)
230mm

25mm

(mm)
3mm

1
Conclusion:-

The tensile testing is carried out by applying

longitudinal or axial load at a specific extension rate to a
standard tensile specimen with known dimensions (gauge
length and cross sectional area perpendicular to the load
direction) till failure. The applied tensile load and
extension are recorded during the test for the calculation
of stress and strain. The Copper sample also displayed a
higher Toughness than the sample, which is represented
by the larger area beneath the stress strain graph.