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Impact Test

Objective:
To test selected specimens under conditions of shock loading at fixed
temperature. Also to measure the energy absorbed in breaking a notched
specimen.

Introduction
Materials sometimes display brittleness which precludes their use in a given
design. Brittleness is characterized by fracturing with low energy under impact. The
fracture energy is proportional to the area under the tensile stress-strain curve and
is called the toughness. Tough steel is generally ductile and requires 100 ft-lbs of
energy to cause failure. Brittle steel does not deform very much during failure and
requires less than 15 ft-lbs energy to cause failure. Characterizing the toughness of
a material is done in several ways. The most common method is the notched-bar
impact test for which two types of specimens prevail, Charpy and Izod. By
subjecting a specimen to an impact load, it will fail if the load exceeds the breaking
strength of the material. By using a swinging pendulum to impart the load, the
energy required to fracture the specimen can be calculated by observing the height
the pendulum swings after fracture

Specimens: 1- Charpy specimen


The Charpy impact test continues to be used as an economical quality control
method to determine the notch sensitivity and impact toughness of engineering
materials. The Charpy impact test measures the energy absorbed by a standard
notched specimen while breaking under an impact load.

Equipment

Thermocouple
Temperature Baths
Charpy Impact Machine
Tongs
Digital caliper

2- Izod specimen
Izod specimens are notched to prevent deformation of the specimen upon
impact. This test can be used as a quick and easy quality control check to
determine if a material meets specific impact properties or to compare materials for
general toughness. Notched Izod Impact is a single point test that measures a
materials resistance to impact from a swinging pendulum. Izod impact is defined as
the kinetic energy needed to initiate fracture and continue the fracture until the
specimen is broken.

Test data:Sample number

absorbed energy

Type of surface at the break

(j)
50

and remarks
Steel (ductile)

Conclusion
The more energy absorbed by the specimen, the more toughness the
material will be Specimen with lowest absorbed energy means its brittle and has
least toughness

which can break easily and cannot withstand the sudden high

loads which is in this test was specimen number (1) for both IZOD and CHARPY test
Specimen with Highest absorbed energy means its ductile and has highest
toughness

which can withstand the sudden high loads which is in this test was

specimen number for both IZOD and CHARPY test.

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