Explanation of Definition

1. The mental steps required for a judgment

a) The intellect must understand the two ideas about which it has to make a judgment.
Audiatur et altera pars- Audi alteram partem (or audiatur et altera pars) is a Latin phrase
meaning "listen to the other side", or "let the other side be heard as well".[1] It is the
principle that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is
given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them
b) The intellect must be compare the two ideas, study the comprehension of each, recognize
their identity or non-identity, and then be ready to pronounce an agreement or
disagreement between them.
Else, rash judgment!
c) The intellect must express in a mental act the agreement or disagreement of the two ideas.
It is this mental pronouncement of agreement or disagreement which constitutes the
essence of the judgment.
2. The constituent elements of the judgment
a. The two ideas.. the matter of the judgment
b. Mental pronouncement. The form of the judgment
c. Look at from the standpoint of its matter. The judgment is a composition of two distinct
elements, the ideas. But from the standpoint of its form, the mental pronouncement, it is a
single intellectual act.
3. Basis of Judgment
As the idea is an intellectual representation of a thing, so the judgment too is a
representation of things as they are in themselves. If a judgment coincides with reality, it is true;
if it is not; it is false. This explains why we are not at liberty to judge as we please. Agreement of
judgment with reality is the test of truth.
Every judgment made by the intellect implies and presupposes the existence of reality,
and this implication of existence is known as the existential import of the judgment.

Enunciation and Propositions

1. Judgment: The phase
Judgment is the mental operation that pronounces the agreement or disagreement
between two ideas or terms. This is the second mental act of the mind.
A. Apprehension of concepts, the previous mental act or phase, from which the
results are ideas and terms is the first stage. Accordingly, ideas in the mind are
placed side by side (juxtapose) to each other.
B. Mental comparison of concepts. This is the stage where the recognition between
ideas, either identity or non-identity, occurs. After the juxtaposition of ideas, ideas
are compared to each other whether it is identical or different from each other.
C. Mental Predication is the pronouncement of the identity or non-identity of the
concepts being compared. The mental product of this affirmation or negation of
terms is what we call enunciation.
D. Written Predication is the stage of expressing an enunciation in a form of a verbal
statement or manifestation, wether written or oral. The product of which is what
we call proposition.

2. Predication: The Process

Predication is the mental process of affirmation of one concept by way predicate, Of
another concept by way of subject. (Pinon, 1988). Predication is the affirmation or
negation of the agreement or disagreement of terms (ideas) producing an enunciation ( a
mental sentence) or a proposition(external manifestation)
3. Enunciation: The Product
Enunciation is the mental product of mental predication. Merriam Webster defines
enunciation as derived from the Latin enuntiatus, past participle of enuntiare from e+nuntiare, which means to report, declare, pronounve.
4. Proposition: The Manifestation
Proposition is th external manifestation, linguistic expression or the sensible sign of the
judgment. A proposition is a sentence. A proposition is a kind of sense which affirms or
denies something. It is evident that in discussion of grammar, a sentence is a collection of
words which expresses a complete thought. By this definition, a proposition is consideres
as a sentence, however, inversely, not all sentences are considered propositions.