TOPIC 2 :

STEADY INCOMPRESSIBLE
FLOW IN PIPELINES
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To apply energy equation in pipes
2. To analyse of flow and piping systems including pipe in series and
pipes in parallel by applying energy equations
3. To analyse pipe systems consist numerous pipes connected in a
complex manner with general entry and withdrawal points by using
Quantity Balance Method
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TOPIC 2 : ANALYSIS OF STEADY

FLOW IN PIPELINE
2.1 Introduction and general approach
2.2 Incompressible flow through pipes
2.3 Flow through pipes in series
2.4 Flow through pipes in parallel
2.5 Flow through branching pipes
2.6 Pipe networks
2.7 Quantity Balance Method

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LECTURE 2.1
ANALYSIS OF STEADY FLOW
IN PIPELINE

Introduction and General Approach

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INTRODUCTION
Concerned with the analysis of flow in pipes and piping systems

including pipe in series and pipes in parallel

Head loss due to friction and flow separation will be used in analysis
of pipes
Analysis involving pipelines are analysed
example : flow between reservoirs & flow in networks (more
complex)

GENERAL APPROACH
Concerned with analysis of steady flow of water in pipes and

pipe network
Only deals with flow in circular pipes flowing full under steady
conditions and flowing under gravity
Problems analysed are typically flow of water
From a reservoir discharging to the atmosphere
From a reservoir of higher elevation to another of lower
elevation

 Other problems analysed are typically flow of water

- Include pipe problems such as parallel pipes and pipes in series

and pipe networks
Analysis involves computing the flow rates, Q in the pipes,
together with head loss, hf
Assumed that flow is incompressible where density is constant

 Energy and continuity equations are used to solve this problems

Number of equations needed is the same number of unknowns

to be solved
However, in the analysis of pipe networks, a different approach
is required
Analysis involves assuming flow rates in pipes within networks
Making successive corrections until continuity equation is
satisfied at the junctions

TOPIC 2 : ANALYSIS OF STEADY

FLOW IN PIPELINE
2.1 Introduction and general approach
2.2 Incompressible flow through pipes
2.3 Flow through pipes in series
2.4 Flow through pipes in parallel
2.5 Flow through branching pipes
2.6 Pipe networks
2.7 Quantity Balance Method

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LECTURE 2.2
ANALYSIS OF STEADY FLOW
IN PIPELINE

Incompressible flow through pipes

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DARCY-WEISBACH EQN.
The head loss due to friction, hf is used same as explained in

Chapter 1.

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PRESSURE LOSS
Pressure loss/energy loss per unit volume due to friction for

a circular pipe flowing full

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PRESSURE LOSS IN TERM OF DARCY

WEISBACH EQN.
Substitute hf from the Darcy Weisbach eqn. into pressure loss

per unit volume, p

v2

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DARCY WEISBACH EQN

Darcy equation can also be expressed as a function of

discharge

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EXAMPLE 2.1

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SOLUTION FOR EXAMPLE 2.1

Use the steady flow energy equation between points A and C

+ hT
Where hT = hf + hs

hs

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QC=Q,
, thus,

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EXERCISE 1
A pipeline connecting 2 reservoirs having a difference in
elevation of 10.5m is 2km long and 1.2m diameter. The
highest point in the pipeline is 5m above the upper reservoir
and is located at 600m from the entrance. If f=0.012, what is
the discharge in the pipeline? What is the pressure at the
highest point in the pipeline? The exit and entry are sharp.
C

5m

10.5m

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Answer: v= 1.59m/s
Pc = -81.3kPa

B
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EXERCISE 2
Two reservoirs connected by a single pipeline, which is
400mm in diameter and 5km long. The difference in water
level elevations between the two reservoirs is 10m. Point B is
the highest point in the pipeline where it is 5m above the
water level in the upper reservoir. The length of the pipeline
from the entrance to point B is 2.0km. The exit and the entry
are sharp edges. Assume f =0.01.
i.
Describe all losses in this pipeline
ii. Calculate the discharge in the pipeline. (Q=0.0786m3/s)
iii. What is the pressure at point B? (PB=-88.468Pa)
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