Experiment 2 - PH and Buffers: 1. Objectives

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 1
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
EXPERIMENT 2 - pH AND BUFFERS

Student Name:_______________________________ ID:________________
TAs signature:___________
1. OBJECTIVES
To distinguish between strong and weak acids

To learn how to calculate and prepare a buffer solution and test its buffering ability
2. INTRODUCTION
Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. Acids primarily serve as sources of hydrogen ions (H+)
or hydronium ions (H3O+) while bases mainly provide hydroxide ions (OH-).
Water is amphoteric because it can play a role as either an acid or a base. In other words, water can donate and
accept protons. Water undergoes auto-ionization to form H3O+ and OH-.
The extent of dissociation of water is very small; therefore pure water has no electrical conductivity. At the
equilibrium, the ion product of water is only 1 x at 25oC:
In pure water, the concentration of the (H3O+) and (OH-) are equal:
In acidic solutions, H3O+ ions predominate: (H3O+)>(OH-). In basic solution, OH- ions predominate: (H3O+)<(OH).For convenience the negative value of the log of (H+) is used to express the concentration of H+. Therefore the
pH can be defined as
pH = (lg(H3O+)
Therefore, pH = 7 in neutral solutions, < 7 in acidic solutions and > 7 in basic solutions.
pH denotes the strength of acids or bases. The lower pH, the more acidic the solution whereas the higher pH
the more basic the solution. Strong acids and strong bases are completely dissociated in water to produce
hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions respectively. Weak acids dissociate only partially and form little or very little
H+. This means that equilibrium is established between the dissociated and un-dissociated forms:
HA(aq) (H+(aq) + A-(aq)
Ka
[ H ][ A ]
HA
Where HA is the weak acid and A- is its conjugate weak base, of HA. The equilibrium constant (Ka) is called the
acid dissociation constant or acid ionization constant. pKa is defined in a way comparable to pH, i.e. pKa = -lgKa
Last updated: 15/10/2016
Semester I: 2016-2017
By Ms Tran Thi Khanh Linh, MSc. Nguyen Tuong Linh and MSc. Le Nguyen Thien Phuc

A buffer is a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate weak base. Buffers have the function that resists large
change in pH on the addition of H+ or OH-. This is because the weak base, A-, will react with added H+ and the
weak acid, HA, will react with added OH. Changes in pH of buffer solutions can be determined using the
Henderson-Hasselbach equation:
[A- ]
pH = pKa + lg
[HA]
A pH meter can be used to measure the pH of prepared solutions. Different classes of chemicals behave
differently when dissolved in water. By doing this experiment, you will gain a better understanding of strong
acids and strong bases, weak acids and weak bases, salts and buffers.
3. PROCEDURE
1. Deionized water
Pour 50mL
distilled
water
100mL
Assemble
pH meter
pH?
20s stirring
Keep doing the

same procedures
until there is NO
appreciable
change in pH
pH?
20s stirring
Discard the solution and repeat the experiment the second time.
2. Strong acid
Place 10mL 0.1M HCl
250
mL
pH?
+ 90mL distilled water
pH?
+ 10mL 0.1M NaOH
pH?
+ 90mL 0.01M NaOH
pH?

3. Weak acid
Session 1: pH of 0.1M CH3COOH
20mL 0.1M
CH3COOH
Measure pH
Calculate Ka
100mL

Make 100mL
0.01M CH3COOH
100
mL
Take 20mL
0.01M
CH3COOH
100mL
Measure pH
Calculate Ka
Take 20mL
0.001M
CH3COOH
100mL
Measure pH
Calculate Ka

Make 100mL
0.001M CH3COOH
100
mL
4. Salts
Place 50mL 0.1M NaCl
Place 50mL 0.1M CH3COONa
100mL
#1
100mL
#3
100mL
#2
pH?
Place 50mL 0.1M NH4Cl
pH?
pH?
5. Buffers
Section 1:
Mix 10mL of
0.1M CH3COOH
+ 40mL of 0.1M
CH3COONa
BUFFER A
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer A1
+10 drops
0.1M HCl
+ More
0.1M
HCl
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer A2
+10 drops
0.1M NaOH
+ More
0.1M
NaOH
Keep
dropping
until
buffer
changes
pH by
one unit
from the
start
VNaOH
added?
VHCl
added?
100mL
pH?
pH?


Section 2:
Mix 40mL of
0.1M CH3COOH
+ 10mL of 0.1M
CH3COONa
BUFFER B
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer B1
+10 drops
0.1M HCl
+ More
0.1M
HCl
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer B2
+ More
0.1M
NaOH
+10 drops
0.1M NaOH
Keep
dropping
until
buffer
changes
pH by
one unit
from the
start
VNaOH
added?
Keep
dropping
until
buffer
changes
pH by
one unit
from the
start
VNaOH
added?
VHCl
added?
100mL
pH?
pH?
Section 3:
Mix 25mL of
0.1M CH3COOH
+ 25mL of 0.1M
CH3COONa
BUFFER C
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer C1
+10 drops
0.1M HCl
+ More
0.1M
HCl
100mL
Take 25mL
Buffer C2
+10 drops
0.1M NaOH
+ More
0.1M
NaOH
VHCl
added?
100mL
pH?
pH?
NOTE: 20 drops ~ 1mL

4. CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT
Equipment
No.
Equipment
No.
100-mL beaker
07
10 mL volumetric pipet
05
250-mL beaker
05
100mL Graduated cylinder
02
pH meter
04
50mL volumetric flask
01
Stirring rod
Chemicals
05
Location
100mL volumetric flask

Chemicals
01
Location
0.1M HCl
assigned area
0.1M CH3COONa
assigned area
0.1M NaOH
assigned area
0.1M NaCl
assigned area


0.1M CH3COOH
assigned area
De-ionized water
assigned area
0.1M NH4Cl
assigned area
Distilled water
assigned area
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
+ The new visualization of this Lab Manual's contents was made by Ms. Tran Thi Khanh Linh, and
revised by MSc. Le Nguyen Thien Phuc & M.Sc. Nguyen Tuong Linh
+ The earlier versions of this Lab Manual was made by Dr. Huynh Kim Lam, MSc. Le Nguyen Thien
Phuc, and M.Sc. Nguyen Tuong Linh


Experiment 2 - PH and Buffers: 1. Objectives

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Experiment 2 - PH and Buffers: 1. Objectives

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 1

GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 2 - pH AND BUFFERS

To distinguish between strong and weak acids

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 2

Keep doing the

+ 90mL distilled water

+ 10mL 0.1M NaOH

+ 90mL 0.01M NaOH

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 3

Session 2: pH of 0.01M CH3COOH

Session 3: pH of 0.001M CH3COOH

Place 50mL 0.1M CH3COONa

Place 50mL 0.1M NH4Cl

Last updated: 15/10/2016

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 4

NOTE: 20 drops ~ 1mL

100mL Graduated cylinder

50mL volumetric flask

100mL volumetric flask

Last updated: 15/10/2016

International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC 5

Last updated: 15/10/2016

S-ar putea să vă placă și