Sunteți pe pagina 1din 71

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Marzano (2012), an evaluation system that fosters teacher learning will differ
from one whose aim is to measure teacher competence. States, districts, and schools all
across the United States are busy developing or implementing teacher evaluation systems.
One can trace this flurry of activity to a variety of reports and initiatives that highlight
two failings of past efforts: (1) Teacher evaluation systems have not accurately measured
teacher quality because they've failed to do a good job of discriminating between
effective and ineffective teachers, and (2) teacher evaluation systems have not aided in
developing a highly skilled teacher workforce (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2011;
Toch& Rothman, 2008; U.S. Department of Education, 2009; Weisberg, Sexton,
Mulhern, & Keeling, (2009); Fayyad, U. M., & Andreas Wierse, G. G. (2002); Ward, M,
Grienstein, G, &Keim Daniel(2010);
Although efforts to move quickly in designing and implementing more effective
teacher evaluation systems are laudable, the evaluation need to acknowledge a crucial
issuethat measuring teachers and developing teachers are different purposes with
different implications. An evaluation system designed primarily for measurement will
look quite different from a system designed primarily for development.
Data Visualization has lagged its sister disciplines of data capture, data storage,
data analysis, and knowledge discovery. The KDD tools now exist, but there is still a
huge gap between our ability to extract answers and our ability to present the information
in meaningful ways. (Fayyad & Andreas Wierse, 2002)

The eight steps of the model for developing a comprehensive faculty evaluation
system are: (1) determining the faculty role model; (2) determining faculty role model
parameter values; (3) defining roles; (4) determining role component weights; (5)
determining appropriate sources of information, including a checklist and review of
selected commercially available student rating forms; (6) determining information source
weights; (7) determining how information should be gathered; and (8) completing the
system, including selecting or designing forms, protocols, and rating scales. (Arreola
Raoul, 2000).
The principles of an effective faculty evaluation system that are repeatedly
recommended in the literature. These principles include the following: (1) clarify
institutional goals; (2) decide on the purposes of the data to be collected; (3) use pilot
programs when appropriate; (4) significantly involve participants in the development of
the system; (5) foster open communication about the system; (6) obtain support from
high-level administrators; (7) ensure that the system is flexible and legal; (8) define major
and minor faculty responsibilities as well as the sources of data used to evaluate each
subresponsibility at the beginning of the evaluation period; (9) use multiple data sources;
(10) ensure that the data are technically acceptable; (11) define the criteria for each
subresponsibility; (12) train the evaluators to evaluate and the supervisors to give
feedback; (13) maintain confidentiality; (14) reward effective performance; (15) combine
development with evaluation; and (16) review the system periodically. (Cashin William,
2011)
Data Visualization has lagged its sister disciplines of data capture, data storage,
data analysis, and knowledge discovery. The KDD tools now exist, but there is still a

huge gap between our ability to extract answers and our ability to present the information
in meaningful ways. (Fayyad & Andreas Wierse, 2002)

Purpose and Description

Figure 1.0: Organizational Char t of Colegio de Sta Monica de Angat


Through Faculty Evaluation System with Monitoring Assessment, the school will
be able to optimize the performance of each educators and be able to pin point the areas
where the teachers need improvements, thus, they will be able to give actions and
solutions on that problems.
Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat values education thats why having a good
quality of teaching is essential for them. Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat was founded in
1983 and it started as a Day Care Center. The Day Care Center became the Sta. Monica
Catholic Learning Center. In March 2, 1987, the high school was formally opened. The
school name was change to Colegio De Sta. Monica de Angat for their Hispanic Heritage.

To maintain their excellence in education the school is joining in various


organizations. The Catholic Educators of the Philippines, Bulacan Private Schools
Association (BULPRISA), and Malolos Diocesan Catholic Schools Association
(MADICSA). The school population continues to grow as they implement the K-12
program.
Project Context
Evaluation is the process of interpreting a measurement or aggregate of
measurements, by means of a specific subjective value or set of values to determine the
degree to which the measurement represents a desirable condition. Thus the evaluation
process implies the existence and use of a contextual system or structure of values
associated with the characteristics being measured.
Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat Guidance utilizes a manual procedure. It
employs of handwritten input on the evaluation form. It consumes a lot of time and lots
of papers in conducting a faculty evaluation. Unavoidable errors could be encountered
due to the manual procedure. Among these errors are the possibilities of lies on inputting
records and errors of tallying the records. The proposed system entitled Data
Visualization of Evaluation System for Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat provides reports
for the improvement of teaching and learning. The proponents would like to design a
more effective way to improve the evaluation by changing the system of Colegio de Sta.
Monica de Angat from manual procedure to an automated system. The proposed system
can help the guidance to be more accurate and be reliable with their records. It also
avoids some common mistakes on the results of the reports they made.

Colegio de Sta Monica de Angat has a population of 1,156 from Grade 7 to 10


students as well as the faculty which consists of 1,109 students and 47 faculty members.
Students population consists of Grade 7 which has 208 enrolled students, Grade 8 which
has 195 enrolled students, Grade 9 which has 206 enrolled students, and Grade 10 which
has 216 enrolledstudents. The data for Grade 11 students is not been collected. Due to the
reason that its their first batch on handling Grade 11 students. According to the Ms
Cynthia De Mesa, Guidance Counsellor ofColegio de Sta Monica de Angat.
Colegio de Sta Monica Angathas 202 school days which starts from the month of
June and ends at the month of March. CSMAs school calendar is considered into four
quarters each school year, each quarter has approximately 50 days. CSMA conducts
faculty evaluation in regards to their annual monitoring for their facultys performance.
For their old process, the school has 8 subject coordinators which handled the following
subjects; Mathematics, English, Science, TLE/Comp, CL, Filipino, AP, MAPEH and the
assistant principal in which are responsible for the evaluation for their faculty members.
Each subject coordinator is liable for evaluating their co-faculty concerning the subject
theyre handling. The assistant principals role is to evaluate each faculty member in the
school, also to monitor and observe how the faculty evaluation goes on, and to manage
and handle the evaluation results. In regards to their faculty evaluation, CSMA doesnt
have exact timeframe for their evaluation period. They considered a faculty members
number of evaluation based on how long it serves the school. For the newly hired faculty
which serves for less than 10 months is evaluated for up to 4 times, while for the new
faculty member which is considered stayed for more than two years is evaluated twice a
year and lastly, for those faculty member that lasts for more than 10 years is evaluated for
5

only once a year. According to Ms Francie M. Castro, Assistant Principal of Colegio de


Sta Monica de Angat.

Figure 2.0: Fishbone Diagram of Faculty Evaluation System

Objectives of the Study


General Objectives:
The proponents aim to develop a system entitled Data Visualization of
Evaluation System for Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat that is designed to
generate reports by using analytics on data through the automated system
developed by the proponents.
6

Specific Objectives:
Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat Evaluation System aims to fulfill the
following:
a. To design user interfaces for Administrators, Guidance Counsellor,
Faculty Members, Subject Coordinator and Students
b. To create login and logout module for Administrators, Guidance
Counsellors, Faculty Members, Subject Coordinator and Students
c. To integrate user reset password for Administrators, Guidance
Counsellors, Faculty Members, Subject Coordinator and Students
d. To create an announcement module for the Guidance Counsellors
e. To create Evaluation Management Module for the activation and
deactivation of the evaluation system for Guidance Counsellor and
Administrator.
f. To create Question Management Module for the modification of the
questions to be answered by the students for the Guidance
Counsellors.
g. To create User Management Module for the Guidance Counsellors and
Administrator
h. To create Evaluation Form Module for the Student and Subject
Coordinator
i. To create a Content Management System for the Administrator

j. To integrate a report card for the faculty members for them to know
their performance
k. To visualize data using dash boarding for Guidance Counsellors and
Administrator
l. To test the system using Alpha, Beta and User Acceptance testing

Scope and Limitation


The Faculty Evaluation System is intended for in-depth evaluations and
analysis of the existing manual procedures of student evaluations of Colegio de
Sta. Monica de Angat. This study will focus on encountered problems of the
system. The system is designed to lessen the workload of the personnel in charge
and managing the evaluation records.
With the help of the Faculty Evaluation System, the top management and the
faculty will be provided data visualization reports such as the following;

Average Faculty evaluation trendline ( Quarterly, Yearly or any given


time span assigned by the administrator)

Faculty population in a given time period

Student population in a given time period

Evaluation feasibility table that determines if the given evaluation is


feasible or not

Students Enrolled versus Faculty (Adviser) in a given time period

Students Enrolled versus Faculty (Subject)in a given time period

Average Student grade versus the Faculty in a given time period


8

Number of Students enrolled in Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angatin a


given time period for predictive purposes

Capability to predict possible average evaluation for the faculty as well


the department concerning the subject handled

Evaluation Results for the Faculty

It is online web-based and able to produce reliable Evaluation Data that is


integrated with analytics. Through the course of the system, it can help the
proponents to identify the problems in the systems particular areas. The system
will also be made to the benefit of both parties, Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat
and its administration. Though the system, the data will be stored and analyzed
with solutions that are commonly encountered.
The user interfaces and system access are available only for the following
users;

Administrator
o Login and Logout module
The Administrator has the ability to login and logout; admin has
separate user interface.
o Manage User Accounts Module
The Administrator has the ability to manage users such add,
modify, and view a faculty and the student.
o Search Faculty/Student module
9

Aside from managing the users, administrator has the ability to


search either a faculty or student.
o User Management Module (Evaluation by Students)
The Administrator has the ability to activate and deactivate the
users.
o Evaluation Management Module
The Administrator has the ability to activate and deactivate the
system in regards to the timeframe of the evaluation period.
o Data Visualization module
As an administrator, he has the ability to generate reports base on
the data that are inputted by the users
o Reset password
The Administrator has the ability to reset their password.
o Content Management Module
The Administrator has the ability to manage the systems content
such as editing the homepage

Guidance Counsellor
o Login and Logout module
The Guidance has the ability to login and logout; the basic page for
users.
o Evaluation Management Module

10

The Administrator has the ability to activate and deactivate the


system in regards to the timeframe of the evaluation period.
o Data Visualization module
As Guidance Counsellor, the ability to generate reports base on the
data that are inputted by the users is given.
o Manage User Accounts Module
The Guidance Counsellor has the ability to manage users such add,
modify, and view a faculty and the student.
o Search Faculty/Student module
Aside from managing the users, guidance has the ability to search
either a faculty or student.
o Faculty Evaluation module
The Guidance has the ability to use the main function of the
system, faculty evaluation.
o Reset password
The Guidance has the ability to reset their password.
o Announcement Module
The Guidance has the ability to view, create and removean
announcement about Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat.

o Questionaire Management Module


The Guidance Counsellor is responsible for managing the
questions that will be using in the Evaluation Module
11

Faculty
o Login and Logout module
The Faculty has the ability to login and logout; the basic page for
users.
o Evaluation Progress module/ dashboard
The Faculty has the ability to view their own progress of their
evaluation.
o Data Visualization module
As the Faculty, the ability to generate reports base on the data that
are inputted by the users is given.
o Search Faculty/Student module
Aside from managing the users, faculty has the ability to search
either a faculty or student.
o Faculty Evaluation module
The Faculty has the ability to use the main function of the system,
faculty evaluation.
o Reset password
The Faculty has the ability to reset their password.

Student
o Login and Logout module
The Student has the ability to login and logout; the basic page for
users.
12

o Faculty Evaluation module


The Student has the ability to use the main function of the system,
faculty evaluation.
o Reset password
The Student has the ability to reset their password.

Subject Coordinator
o Login and Logout module
The Subject Coordinator has the ability to login and logout; the
basic page for users.
o Faculty Evaluation module
The Subject Coordinator has the ability to use the main function of
the system, faculty evaluation.
o Reset password
The Subject Coordinator has the ability to reset their password.

Significance of the Study


The system will allow the top management to evaluate each individual
faculty using the system itself as well as it will be a great help to Colegio de Sta.
Monica de Angatto determine faculty promotion and appraisals. Thus, the Faculty
Evaluation System will be able to help Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat as a
whole including the management and the students themselves.

13

Direct Recipients:
The system to be created if for Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angatit will
help the students to have an easier way to evaluate their professors and this
system will also help every department to manage and to view the evaluation
result. The head of the department will know if the overall performance of every
professor has improved or not.
Schools:
Once the goals or objectives are achieved for this system and if its going
to be successful, the proponents can be able to promote our school the FEU
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY and make the said university will benefit with
this system.
Future Researchers:
This system can help the future researchers in creating an evaluation
system. This could be a good basis or guide for the future researchers to build a
successful evaluation system.

Researchers/Proponents:
Through this system, this would enable us to widen the proponents
knowledge when it comes with big data, web development, and especially in
analytical skills. Because analytical skills enable you to collect and analyze
14

information, a problem solves, and makes decisions, creating this thesis project
will make the proponents become more religious and devotional because the
proponents are hopeful for the success of this project.

Definitions of Terms
Definition of Terms to further understand this study, the following terms
used is defined:
Faculty Evaluation System - is an online web application which automates the
process by which the performance of faculty is monitored, judged and developed.
The system helps the Faculty Member to register for an evaluation and fill the
evaluation requirements in a timely and efficient manner. Also, it allows
evaluators to accomplish their evaluation tasks according to the schedule of the
process and with the proper confidentiality of the information circulated in the
system.
Analysis the storage of identifying, designing and implementing the system
Beta version- a pre-release version of new software often made available over the
Internet as freeware or shareware.
Confidentiality - entrusted with private information and the confidence of
another.
Data raw materials that are processed and refined to generate information.

15

Database - is a system intended to organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of


data easily. It consists of an organized collection of data for one or more uses,
typically in digital form.
Data Flow Diagram it is the graphical representation of the flow of data
through an information system which can also be used for the visualization of
data processing.
Debugging- Debugging is a methodical process of finding and reducing the
number of bugs, or defects, in a computer program or a piece of electronic
hardware.
Deliverable - a term used in project management to describe a tangible or
intangible object produced as a result of the project that is intended to be
delivered to a customer (either internal or external).
LAN - Local Area Network a technology system is the connecting of two or more
computers to common peripheral resources.
MySQL - (My Structured Query Language) is a relational database management
system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases
Network architecture- is the design of a communications network. It is a
framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their
functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and
procedures, as well as data formats used in its operation.

16

Organizational structure- is a formal and informal framework of policies and


rules, within which an organization arranges its lines of authority and
communications, and allocates rights and duties. Organizational structure
determines the manner and extent to which roles, power, and responsibilities are
delegated, controlled, and coordinate, and how information flows between levels
of management.

17

CHAPTER II
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Requirement Specification
The requirement specification shows the requirements needed for the
success of the project. This section explains the application domain and the
system to be developed. It provides information about the system to verify
whether the system meets the requirements. It contains different tables and
diagrams on how the software interacts with the users, the systems hardware and
other software. The design for web application will be shown. This section is
divided into parts, the operational feasibility, technical feasibility, schedule
feasibility, and economic feasibility.

Operational Feasibility
Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angats faculty evaluation system has
encountered

many problems, circumstances and malfunctions that are difficult

to troubleshoot due to the lack of data organization and repository of data. To


ensure success, the proponents include such design-dependent parameters such as
reliability, maintainability, supportability, usability, disposability, sustainability,
affordability and others. `

18

In this section, it will show that the system will be helpful in


helping Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat in improving their quality of
teaching. The problem of the school will be stated in here and the solution
of the problem.
Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat is using a manual process of
evaluating their teacher. Their evaluator is the principal, assistant
principal, and the guidance office.

Figure 3.0: Functional Diagram of Faculty Evaluation System for Colegio de Sta
Monica de Angat
Figure 3.0 shows the functional diagram that represents the function and process
of the system. The Functional Decomposition Diagram will help the proponent to know
the strength and weaknesses of the system they are developing.

19

Technical feasibility
Technical Feasibility considers the technical requirements of the system
that Colegio De Sta. Monica De Angat needs. A proposed system is considered
technically feasible if the school itself can provide internal technical capabilities
to support the project requirements.
Ever since, Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat is using manual process of
evaluation. A certain supervisor will evaluate the full- time faculty members under
the supervisors supervision. The full- time faculty members will be able to
evaluate their peers in their respective department as well. The supervisor and
full- time faculty members are using paper forms in conducting their evaluation
and then record it and compute the average evaluation manually using oldfashioned process. Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat has not tried to adapt their
manual evaluation system into an automated system for the web. Hence, the
proponents have decided to develop a Faculty Evaluation System for Colegio de
Sta. Monica de Angat. The faculty members have existing computers in their
respective departments which makes the system technically feasible. By having a
web based system, the system will be able to help faculty members and
supervisors to evaluate faster and accurate results in getting the evaluation results
the system have produced.

Familiarity with the Web Application


o The system is new to the users, since there a no existing research, the
users will take time to get familiar with the system
Familiarity with the Technology Used

20

o The dashboard can give access to the faculty to view their evaluation
grade. By this dashboard the faculty are given the aspect to view their
teaching progress.
o The system would give solution mostly to the guidance departments
manual processing of evaluation forms. An automated system would help
decrease the workload of the guidance department and accelerate the

processing of the data of the evaluation forms.


Project Size
o The components of the system will be limited only to four entities which
are the Students, the Guidance Counselor, the Faculty department, and the
administrator which is responsible for activating/deactivating the

evaluation activity.
Users
o The systems end users would be the Students, Faculty, Subject
Coordinators, and the administrator. They are the main targets for the
system. As a result, the users will reap a huge benefit by having a wellorganized way of handling the faculty evaluation, submitting and
analyzing of the evaluation forms. It can enhance the teachers
performance.

Economical Feasibility
o The departments of Colegio de Sta. Moinca de Angat has access to the computer
laboratory; they can also access the portal with a personal computer. By this, the
school has no need to purchase computers to use the system.

21

o The Guidance Counsellors, as the handlers of the evaluation system, have their
personal computers with internet connection. In case they do not have one, they
can use the computers in the computer laboratory.
Tangible Benefits

Improves the productivity of process and personnel

Maximizing the salary cost versus the faculty performance

Paper and postage cost reductions

Lead time reduction

Faster generation of reports

Automated Evaluation

With the help of the Faculty Evaluation system, Colegio de Sta. Monica de
Angat will be able to reduce its cost for their paperwork, reduce the time needed
to do their evaluation process and determine who to promote ( due to the
capability of the system to determine each faculty members performance ).
Intangible Benefits

Increases organizational responsibility

Accurate and faster access to data for timely decisions


22

Improved faculty response

Saves enormous time and effort in data entry ;

Facilitates strategic planning

Uniform reporting according to global standards

More controls; lowering the risk of mis-utilization of resources

With the help of the Faculty Evaluation system, Colegio de Sta. Monica de
Angat will be able to increase its organizational responsibility, be capable to
produce accurate data needed for critical situations, as well as planning strategic
undertaking for the benefit of the school itself and give a uniform report format
according to global standards.

Requirements Modelling
Requirements modelling are used to help us understand the business
process that would be automated. In this section the process of the proposed
system will be explained for better understanding of the users. Building accurate
model will show that the proposed system meets the correct requirements. The
requirements modelling includes the diagram Conceptual Framework, Data Flow,
System Flow Chart and Context of the Faculty Evaluation of Colegio de Sta
Monica de Angat.
23

Figure 4.0: Initial Systems Input Process Output Diagram


Figure 4.0 shows the diagram for the input needed such as the students data,
faculty data, evaluation grades, and feedback/comments. The input will be processed to
generate summarized faculty evaluation result. The output is the Online Faculty
Evaluation for Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat.

24

Figure 5.0: Context Diagram for the Faculty Evaluation System


Figure 5.0 shows the five entities mainly the faculty, guidance, student, subject
coordinator and the administrator with each of its own function and capabilities. The
25

faculty mainly the principal can answer questionnaires and provide comments. Guidance
can provide questionnaires to be answered by the students and in the faculty side by the
principal and assistant principal. The student as well as the subject coordinator can
answer questionnaires about the faculty and provide comment feedbacks. The
administrator can provide reports using the answered questionnaires.

26

Figure 6.0: Data Flow Diagram for Administrator


Figure 6.0 shows the data flow diagram for administrator that consists five main
processes. Process 1.0 is the login session where the user should input their username and
password, and it will be verified. Process 2.0 is he process where the administrator

27

manages the users and their details of the systems. Process 3.0 focuses on the generation
of reports by the administrator. Process 4.0 lets the administrator handle work flow in the
evaluation system. Process 5.0 lets the administrator change his/her own password.

Figure 7.0: Data Flow Diagram for Faculty


Figure 7.0 shows the data flow diagram processes for faculty. The username and
password of the student will be validated on the Process 1.0. After validating the
username and password, the student can v or change his/her password.

28

Figure 8.0: Data Flow Diagram for Students


Figure 8.0 shows the data flow diagram processes for students. The username and
password of the student will be validated on the Process 1.0. After validating the
username and password, Process 2.0 allows thestudent to answer the questionnaires in the
evaluation form. Process 3.0 lets the student to change password.

29

Figure 9.0: Data Flow Diagram for Subject Coordinator


Figure 9.0 shows the data flow diagram processes for subject coordinator. The
username and password of the student will be validated on the Process 1.0. After
validating the username and password, Process 2.0 allows thesubject coordinatorto
answer the questionnaires in the evaluation form. Process 3.0 lets the subject coordinator
to change password.

30

Figure 10.0: Data Flow Diagram for Guidance


Figure 10.0 shows the data flow diagram for administrator that consists of four
main processes. Process 1.0 is the login session where the user should input their

31

username and password, and it will be verified. Process 2.0 is he process where the
guidance manages the users and their details of the systems. Process 3.0 focuses on the
generation of reports by the guidance. Process 4.0 lets the guidance to manage the
questions that will be shown to the evaluation form. Process 5.0 lets the guidance
counsellor to change password. Process 6.0 allows the guidance counsellor to manage the
announcement module. Process 7.0 allows the guidance to activate and deactivate the
evaluation system.

Figure 11.0: Subprocesses of Process 2.0 for Administrator


32

Figure 11.0 shows the sub process 2.0 of the administrator. Administrators can
manage user accounts which are the faculty, student, and guidance counsellor. Process 2.1
is the uploading of csv file for the batch processing of user accounts.Process 2.2 is the
adding of users. Processes 2.3 is for altering user accounts. Process 2.4 and 2.5 is for the
activation and deactivation of the user. All of the modifications will be saved on Table 1.

Figure 12.0: Subprocesses of Process 6.0 for Administrator


Figure 12.0 shows the sub process 6.0 of the administrator in which this sub
process is capable of activating and deactivating the evaluation system and the
administrator is capable of doing it.

33

Figure 13.0: Subprocesses of Process 2.0 for Guidance Counsellor


Figure 13.0 shows the sub process 2.0 of the guidance counsellor. Guidance
Counsellor can manage user accounts which are the faculty and student. Process 2.1 is the
uploading of csv file for the batch processing of user accounts.Process 2.2 is the adding
of users. Processes 2.3 is for altering user accounts. Process 2.4 and 2.5 is for the
activation and deactivation of the user. All of the modifications will be saved on Table 1.

34

Figure 14.0: Subprocesses of Process 4.0 for Guidance Counsellor


Figure 14.0 shows the sub process 4.0 of the guidance counsellor. Guidance
Counsellor can manage the questionnaire/s that will be used in the system. Process 4.1 is
the adding of question.Process 4.2 alteration of a question. Processes 4.3 is for the
deletion of a question. All of the modifications will be saved on Table 3.

35

Figure 15.0: Subprocesses of Process 6.0 for Guidance Counsellor


Figure 15.0 shows the sub process 6.0 of the guidance counsellor. Guidance
Counsellor can manage the announcement/event that will be used in the system. Process
6.1 is for posting an announcement. Process 6.2 is for removing a certain announcement.
All of the modifications will be saved on Table 4.

36

Figure 16.0: Subprocesses of Process 7.0 for Guidance Counsellor


Figure 16.0 shows the sub process 7.0 of the guidance counsellor. This sub
process is capable of activating and deactivating the evaluation system and guidance
counsellor has given the capability to do it.

37

Figure 17.0: HomepagesSystem Flowchart


Figure 17.0 shows the data flow diagram shows the flow of data in the systems
homepage. Once the user entered the homepage, there are several navigations in which
theyre going to enter data and information that are automatically saved in the database
and the system will produce reports.

38

Figure 18.0: Administrators System Flowchart


Figure 18.0 shows the system flowchart for the administrator. Administrator can
change their password. Next, admin can manage user accounts in which the admin can
create, modify, activate/deactivate user, upload csv file, and view a user profile. Next,
admin can manage the content of the website. Lastly, admin has a separate user interface
for the dashboard.

39

Figure 19.0: Facultys System Flowchart


Figure 19.0 shows the system flowchart for the faculty. Faculty can change their
password. Then, faculty can view their own dashboard and feedbacks based on the
evaluation that is performed by the guidance counsellor and the students.

40

Figure 20.0: Students System Flowchart


Figure 20.0 shows the system flowchart for the students. Students can change
their password. Then, student can view the questionnaire page where theyll evaluate and
comment in a certain faculty. Once they answered the questionnaire, itll automatically
stored in the database.

41

Figure 21.0: Guidance Counsellors System Flowchart

42

Figure 21.0 shows the system flowchart for the guidance counsellor. Guidance
Counsellor can change their password. Next, guidance counsellor can manage user
accounts which are the student and faculty and they can create, modify,
activate/deactivate user, upload csv file, and view a user profile. Next, guidance
counsellor can manage the questionnaire in which they can add, modify and delete a
question. Next, guidance counsellor can manage the announcement/event in the webpage.
Last, same with the administrator, guidance counsellor also has a view on the dashboard.

Figure 22.0: Subject Coordinators System Flowchart


Figure 22.0 shows the system flowchart for the subject coordinators. Subject
coordinators can change their password. Then, subject coordinators can view the

43

questionnaire page where theyll evaluate and comment in a certain faculty. Once they
answered the questionnaire, itll automatically stored in the database.

Schedule feasibility
The potential time frame and completion will last for approximately, two
terms or six months. In this time-frame, the proponents will be working on their
clients system and gather further details and documents needed to develop a
system that will suffice the needs of the client itself.
The proponents are currently gathering further details and working on the
documents needed for the development of the system.

Table 1.0
Project Development Gantt Chart

Project Planning
Determining the
Project Tile
Overview of the
Project Title
Gathering
of
Related Literature
Title
Proposal
Presentation
Interviewing
Creating
the

Durati
Target Start
on

Target Completion

1 day

5/18/2016

5/19/2016

2 days

5/20/2016

5/22/2016

2 days

5/25/2016

5/26/2016

1 day

5/31/2016

6/1/2016

1 day

8/8/2016

8/9/2016
44

Interview form
Scheduling
Appointments
1 day
with Client
Conduct Interview
3 days
with the Client
Project Design
Determining the
1 day
system process
IPO Diagram
Software
Specifications
Hardware
Specifications
Data
Flow
Diagram

1 day
1 day
1 day
1 day

SCRUM Method

1 day

System Flowchart

1 day

Begin
Project
Cycle
Develop Interface
- Login and 3 days
Logout
Module
(Administr
ator,
Student,
Faculty,
Guidance)
- Administra
tor Module
- Student
Module
- Faculty
Module
- Guidance
Module
- Homepage
- Registratio
n Module
- Content

8/11/2016

8/12/2016

8/16/2016

8/19/2016

8/21/16

8/22/16

8/22/16

8/23/16

8/23/16

8/24/16

8/24/16

8/25/16

8/25/16

8/26/16

8/27/16

8/28/16

8/28/16

8/29/16

9/4/
16

9/7/16

45

Manageme
nt Module
Testing of the
System
System Release

2 days
2 days
Note: Tabular Representation of the Schedule

Figure 23.0: Faculty Evaluation System Gantt Chart

46

Figure 23.0 demonstrates the phases that the proponents needs to be focus.
Includingthearrangementofplansoftheproponents.Themotivationbehindthisisto
haveacarefultimespantobetakenaftermakingandbuildingupthetask.Thiswillserve
asaguidetofinishedthetaskthatwillneedtobefinishedaccordingtoitsdue.

Project Design
The project design will include real-time notifications for faculty
evaluation. The system will be used by faculty or administrators. Charts, tabular
reports, and dynamic system design will also be included. Security protection
program involving vulnerability alert processes, vulnerability assessment
processes, monitoring services, and anti-virus programs plan based on
information security best practices.

47

Figure 24.0: Faculty Evaluation System Homepage


Figure 24.0 shows the homepage for the faculty evaluation system for Colegio de
Sta Monica de Angat. Under it is the About Page and Announcement Page conducted by
the Guidance.

Figure 25.0: Administrator


Login Panel
Figure
shows

the

administrator,

25.0
panel

of
the

administrator needs to input the username and password. In order to access the system,
the username and password must be valid.

48

Figure 26.0: Administrator Panel

Figure 26.0 shows the Administrators panel where the admin can view all the
registered students and faculty. The admin can also manage the users. Admin can modify,
add, and search a user. Admin has the User Management Module where the admin can
activate and deactivate a particular user.
DataDesign

49

Figure 27.0: Entity Relationship Diagram


Figure 27.0 shows the ERD shows each primary key and foreign key for every
each table to describe how the database will be created and how will the tables be related
to each other.

50

Data Dictionary
Table 2.0
Administrator Table dictionary
Column
admin_id
admin_usernam
e
admin_password

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR

Length
6
20

VARCHAR

42

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN
NN

Table 2.0 shows the columns inside the administrator table. The columns are the
details about the login module for the administrator. The admin_id is the primary key of
the table. This means that it should not be null, auto incrementing and must be unique as
well with the maximum length of 6 numbers. The admin_username and admin_password
on the other hand has a maximum length of 20 and 42 respectively.

Table 3.0
Student Table dictionary
Column
stud_id
stud_fname
stud_mname
stud_lname
stud_section
username
password
birthday
Gender
Email

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
DATE
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

Length
6
20
20
20
10
10
42
10
20

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN

51

Table 3.0 shows the columns on the student table. The columns are the details
about the student login and registration module. The stud_id is the primary key of the
table where it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum length of 6
numbers. The students first name, middle name and last name will be stored at
stud_fname, stud_mname and stud_lname respectively with the data type of varchar. It
should also not be null and have a maximum length of 20. The stud_section will be in the
data type varchar and with a maximum length of 10 and it cannot be null. Same with the
administrator table, student has their own username and password with the data type
varchar, has a maximum length of 10 and 42 respectively, unique and cannot be null. The
birthday column has a data type of date. The gender and email column respectively has a
data type of varchar, with the maximum length of 10 and 20 correspondingly and cannot
be null.
Table 4.0
Faculty Table dictionary
Column
faculty_id
first_name
last_name
middle_name
Age
fac_user
fac_pass
Gender
fac_bday
Street
City
contact_number
civil_status
Email
no_of_years_in_service
highest_eduactional_attainmen

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
DATE
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

Length
6
20
20
20
3
10
42
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
52

Table 4.0 shows the column for the faculty table. The columns are the details
about the faculty login and registration module. The faculty_id is the primary key of the
table where it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum length of 6
numbers. The facultys information first name, middle name, last name, age, gender will
be stored at first_name, middle_name, last_name, age and gender with the data type of
varchar, with the maximum length of 20 and cannot be null. The username and password
of the faculty, on the other hand, will be stored in fac_user and fac_passvariable having a
maximum length of 10 and 42 respectively. The fac_bday has a data type of date and
cannot be null. The facultys other information street, city, contact number, civil status,
email, number of years in service and highest educational attainment will be stored at
street,

city,

contact_number,

civil_status,

email,

no_of_years_in_service,

and

highest_educational_attainment with the data type of varchar, has a maximum length of


20 and cannot be null.
Table 5.0
Guidance Table dictionary
Column
guidance_id
gui_fname
gui_lname
gui_mname
gui_username
gui_password
activate/deactivate

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC

Length
6
20
20
20
20
42
3

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN

53

Table 5.0 shows the column for the guidance table. The columns are the details
about the guidance login module. The guidance_id is the primary key of the table where
it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum length of 6 numbers.
The username and password of the user on the other hand will be stored in gui_username
and gui_password variables having a maximum length of 20 and 42 respectively. The
first name, middle name, and last name will be stored in gui_fname, gui_mname and
gui_lname variables with the maximum length of 20 respectively and they cannot be null.
The user management module for guidance which has a column of activate/deactivate
with the data type of numeric and cannot be null.
Table 6.0
User Table dictionary
Column
Username
Password
stud_id
faculty_id
guidance_id
admin_id
sbjc_id

Type
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC

Length
6
42
6
6
6
6
6

PK

FK
FK
FK
FK
FK
FK

Null?
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN

Table 6.0 shows the column for the user table. The columns are the details about
the login for each user. Table 5.0 inherits the primary key of Table 2.0, Table 3.0, Table
4.0 and Table 5.0 which are the stud_id, faculty_id, guidance_id,sbjc_id and admin_id
which are considered foreign key respectively, with the maximum length of 6 and has a
data type of numeric and cannot be null.

54

Table 7.0
Questionnaire Table dictionary
Column
ques_id
q_questions
faculty_id
stud_id
sbjc_id

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
NUMERIC
NUMERIC

Length
6
50
6
6
6

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN

FK
FK
FK

Table 7.0 shows the column for the questionaire table. The columns are the details
about the questionaire module. The ques_id is the primary key of the table where it
cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum length of 6 numbers. The
questions will be stored at the q_questions variable with the data type of varchar and has
a maximum length of 50 and cannot be null. The foreign keys are faculty_id, sbjc_id and
stud_id which are the primary key of the tables Guidance, Faculty and Student table with
the maximum length of 6 and cannot be null.
Table 8.0
Subject Coordinator Table dictionary
Column
sbjc_id
sbjc_fname
sbjc_lname
sbjc_mname
Age
sbjc_user
sbjc_pass
Gender
sbjc_bday
Street
City
contact_number
civil_status
sbjc_email

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
DATE
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

Length
6
20
20
20
3
10
42
20
20
20
20
20
20

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
NN
55

no_of_years_in_service
highest_eduactional_attainmen
t

VARCHAR
VARCHAR

20
20

NN
NN

Table 8.0 shows the column for the subject coordinator table. The columns are the
details about the subject coordinator login and logout module. The sbjc_id is the primary
key of the table where it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum
length of 6 numbers. The subject coordinators information first name, middle name, last
name, age, gender will be stored at sbjc_fname, sbjc_mname, sbjc_lname, age and gender
with the data type of varchar, with the maximum length of 20 and cannot be null. The
username and password of the subject coordinator, on the other hand, will be stored in
sbjc_user and sbjc_pass variable having a maximum length of 10 and 42 respectively.
The sbjc_bday has a data type of date and cannot be null. The subject coordinators other
information street, city, contact number, civil status, email, number of years in service
and highest educational attainment will be stored at street, city, contact_number,
civil_status, email, no_of_years_in_service, and highest_educational_attainment with the
data type of varchar, has a maximum length of 20 and cannot be null.

Table 9.0
Subject Table dictionary
Column
subj_id
subj_name
subj_code

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

Length
6
30
20

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN

56

fac_id

NUMBERIC

FK

Table 9.0 shows the column for the subject table. The subj_id is the primary key
of the table where it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum length
of 6 numbers. Subject name and subject code will be stored at subj_name and subj_code
respectively with the data type of varchar and has a maximum length of 20 and 30.
Table 10.0
Department Table dictionary
Column
dept_id
dept_name
population
fac_id

Type
NUMERIC
VARCHAR
NUMERIC
NUMBERIC

Length
6
30
3
6

PK
PK

FK

Null?
NN

FK

Table 10.0 shows the column for the department table. The dept_id is the primary
key of the table where it cannot be null, unique, auto incrementing and has a maximum
length of 6 numbers. Department name and the department population will be stored at
dept_name and population respectively with the data type of varchar and has a maximum
length of 20 and 30.

Project Development
Development Model

57

A development model is used to analyze and understand the process of


development that will be implemented during the developmental stage. This section will
include developmental models such as the Scrum Model, Product Backlog and Sprint.

Figure 28.0: SCRUM Method


Figure 28.0 is the Scrum Method - a process where the team focused on managing
iterative development. The three phase in scrum. The first one is the initial phase where
the team outlines the design and project software architecture. The second phase is a
series of sprint cycles where each cycles develops an increment of the system. The third
phase is the project closure, it contains the complete required documentation such as
system help frames and user manuals and assesses the lessons learn from the project.
The team organize themselves to develop the software. During this stage the team
is isolated from the client, with all communications channeled through the so-called
Scrum Master. The whole team organizes daily meetings where all members share
58

information and describe the progress since the last meeting, problems with the project
and what to plan for the following day
Product Backlog
Product backlog occupies the field of knowing the different roles of each
individual that has an important role in developing the system. First is the product owner;
The Colegio de Sta Monica de Angat is under the department of Ms Angeles D. Santiago,
Principal of Colegio de Sta Monica de Angat.
These different modules were needed to be done in the span of one
month. In order for the team to do that, Sprint Goal was utilized. Sprint Goal tackles a
set priority or the list of works to be done. Another is the assignment of task; this helped
in attaining the set of goals to be finished by each member of the team.

Table 11.0: Product Backlogs


Item Number
1

Backlog Description Priority


As a user, I want to
have my own account.
I want to access the High Priority
system with my own
username
and
password.

Days
1 day

59

As a user, the Account


Registration
Form
should be a webbased.
As a user, I want to
post announcements
in the page since
announcement is one
of
the
important
things.
As a user, I can
activate
and
deactivate
the
evaluation.
As a user, I have to
attach or upload some
necessary files or
data.
As a user, I want to
view my evaluation
grades and feedbacks

2 days
Priority

High Priority

1 day

High Priority

3 days

High Priority

2 days

High Priority

1 day

Table 11.0 shows the product backlog. Under the product backlog are the things
that a user expects to the system. Every user wants to have a log-in module where they
can access their own accounts. A new user can register. A guidance user can activate and
deactivate the evaluation form. Faculty user can view their grades from their evaluation.
Guidance user can attach or upload some necessary files and data.

Table 12.0: Sprint Backlogs


Tasks
Chapter

2-

Time Estimated
Literature 3 days

Assigned Person
All

Review
60

Mentors Approval Sheet


Clients Interview Letter

1 day
1 day
Julius Cruz
Julius Cruz, Roniel Canto

Interview with the Client

and Kerwin Cutchon


Chapter 1- Purpose and
Description
3 days
Chapter1- Project Context
Chapter 1- Objectives
Chapter 1- Scope and

Marc De Guzman
Kerwin Cutchon
Jholo Apuli
Marc De Guzman

Limitations
Homepage of Administrator
Login and Logout Module
Registration Module
Evaluation Form Module
Dashboard Reports
Administrator Module
Faculty Module
Validation

Roniel Canto
Roniel Canto
Marc De Guzman
Jholo Apuli
All
Jholo Apuli
Julius Cruz
Kerwin Cutchon

2 days
2 days
1 day
2 days
4 days
2 days
2 days
1 day

In the Table 12.0, sprint backlog is discussed. Under the sprint backlog are all
the chapters necessary in the documentation, necessary functionalities and modules
that are written and their corresponding day that accomplished.
Table 13.0: Sprint Goal
WORKS AND PRIORITY OF TASKS
TASK
APULI
CANTO

Documentat
ion
Developer/
Program
Coder

CRUZ

CUTCHON

DE
GUZMA
N
P

61

WebDesigner
Tester
Business
Analyst

S
P

S
P

S
P

P
P

P
P

Legend: P Priority S Support

Table 13.0 shows the decomposition of tasks involves the sharing of assignment
in the group. The documentation is focused to be finish by Marc Josep De Guzman,
Kerwin Cutchon, Brian Julius Cruz and Roniel Canto and Jholo Apuli supported by the
two remaining number. The systems main core, which comprises the programming, is to
be led the Roniel Canto and Jholo Apuli supported by the three remaining members. The
design of the system is to be led by Brian Julius Cruz, Kerwin Cutchon, and Marc De
Guzman supported by the two remaining members. For the testing methods, Jholo Apuli,
Kerwin Cutchon and Marc De Guzman are responsible, supported by the two remaining
members. In this manner project has divided into smaller parts. Assignment of tasks
makes the project easier to handle.

Software Specifications
The system will be programmed using PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor). Speed and
security will take a big part on the system as the language itself, PHP, features. With the
help of other digital design software, the proponents will be laying out the blueprint and
the actual webpage for the school itself. The software included are Adobe Photoshop and
Adobe Illustrator to edit the design and images that will appear in the website. The
administrator could add, edit, delete, reset and update the whole system. The system will
62

let the student evaluate the professors by grading them and leaving a comment. The
comment will be necessary because it will determine if the professor way of teaching and
handling students is good or bad. The system will have a word bank that will contain all
words that are positive and negative that can be use as a tool in predicting whether the
comment is a positive or negative.

Hardware Specifications
Table 14.0
Hardware Specification
Components
CPU

Parameters
Dual Core ARM A9, Rockchip3066,
Frequency 1.6GHz

GPU
Quad Core Mali400
Memory
Internal Storage
LCD

DDRIII 1GB @400MHz


4GB NAND Flash
Resolution 800x400/1024x600,

Touch Screen
Wifi
3G Module
Storage Card
USB OTG
IR Control

Color depth
Capacitor touch screen
Built-in
WCDMA/EVDO (optional)
SD or T card
2 * USB
Supported (optional)

24Bit

Data Gathering

63

In this study, the methods that the proponents will be going to use are qualitative,
descriptive and quantitative. Quantitative method is to be used to understand behavior by
using complex mathematical and statistical modelling, measurement and research. By
assigning a numerical value to variables, quantitative analysts try to replicate reality
mathematically. The utilization of analytics will be through the help of descriptive
techniques for understanding companys historical data.
Quantitative analysis can be done for a number of reasons such as measurement,
performance evaluation or valuation of a financial instrument. It can also be used to
predict real world events such as changes in a share price. The other research technique is
qualitative, this method is for securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on
unquantifiable information, such as management expertise, industry cycles, strength of
research and development, and labor relations. Qualitative analysis contrasts
with quantitative analysis, which focuses on numbers that can be found on reports such
as balance sheets. The two techniques, however, will often be used together in order to
examine a company's operations and evaluate its potential as an investment opportunity.
In this study, the proponents will be using SCRUM the key objective is to broken
down into a set of manageable and understandable chunks and also the whole team have
visibility of everything and consequently team communication is improved.
There data gathering techniques will both involve qualitative and quantitative
approaches in data collection. Though, the collection of data will take much time as the
group surveys for information. The benefits of this kind of data collection are the
reliability, richness and depth of the reports or the result itself.
64

Both data will be processed as the quantitative data collection will be translated to
its qualitative data. Thus, making the survey or gathering of data will be accurate. To
gather the necessary data and information needed in the study, the group used
developmental type of research, which uses the following methods:

Interview: The proponents have sent a letter to the client about the interview
appointment; the proponents used interview method with the authorized personnel
involved to the project during the data gathering process. The proponents have been able
to interview Colegio Sta. Monia de Angats Assistant Principal, Mrs. Castro. In the
interview, Mrs. Castro herself presented us the documents needed to undertake their
evaluation process as well as the process itself. The proponents also exchanged questions
with the assistant principal to clarify information and understand the current situation.
The assistant principal has also provided a copy of evaluation forms that the faculty and
the supervisor have been able to process themselves.
Document Analysis: The group gathered the forms used in their proposed Faculty
Evaluation System to collect some important information needed in developing the new
system LAN-based student Faculty Evaluation system.
Research: It is a systematic investigation including research development, testing and
evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge; to better
understand the scope and background of the existing system, the group conducted a
research using the internet. Related information about the existing system was gathered to
conceptualize the new system; for further understanding of the system, the proponents

65

have referenced and studied other related thesis work of former students of Far Eastern
University Institute of Technology.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents will be mainly, the students of Colegio de Sta. Monica de Angat,
the faculty itself and some supporting officials in the university.
The respondents of this study are Ms. Angeles D. Santiago (Principal of Colegio
de Sta Monica de Angat), IT administrator and the MIS staffs of FEU INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY. They are the ones who are knowledgeable enough to answer the
problems posed in the present study. The respondents answered the questionnaire that the
researchers gave them which supplies the information the researchers need.
The respondent of the study includes the users wherein they can ask help for the
problem that they will encounter and the proponents will address the problem through
sets of analyzations that will determine the best way to solve or fix the problem.
Sample and Sampling Techniques
The proponents will use systematic sampling technique. In this sampling
technique, the proponents will be conducting survey on people based on ordered system.
Systematic sampling technique is the same with simple random sampling. In this
technique, the users are randomly chosen from the population. Systematic sampling is to
be applied only if the given population is logically homogeneous, because systematic
sample units are uniformly distributed over the population. The researcher must ensure
that the chosen sampling interval does not hide a pattern. Any pattern would threaten

66

randomness. As all members of the population have an equal chance of becoming a


research participant, then the researchers conduct a sample size that is needed for the
research then will list the all the participants for their records and get the data that we
need by identifying where are they from or what could be used for different level of the
research.
Statistical Treatment
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment
The data to be gathered will be tabulated, organized and analyzed using the
following statistical methods and techniques, this formula will be used for the percentage
of the individual survey questions:

1. Percentage
Formula: P= f/N x100
Where:
f = frequency
N =Number of respondents
P = Percentage.
Researchers will use the Percentage formula in getting the percentage of the
evaluators (students and subject coordinator) who already evaluates and those who not
yet evaluate. To get the percentage the researchers will use the formula:
% of students who already evaluates = (frequency of students who already evaluates /
total number of students) x 100

67

% of students who not yet evaluates = (frequency of students who not yet evaluates / total
number of students) x 100

2. Mean
Frequency distribution and weighted mean will be computed to measure the
average of the respondents answers regarding lists sets of indicators.
Mean is a synonym for arithmetic average - which is the value obtained by
dividing the sum of a set of quantities by the number of quantities in the set. It is the most
common measurement of average. It is the point which balances all values on either side.
It is preferred as the measure of central tendency when the distribution is symmetrical.
When the mean is computed from a grouped data, the accuracy of the result may be
affected by the loss of the true identity of the original numbers.
Mean is calculated using this formula
Wherex=mean
x=sumofallscores
N=numberofcases
The researchers will use the formula of Mean in getting the average evaluated
scores of each faculty and even for the whole department and getting the average number
of students who are enrolled every three to and five years. To get the average, the
researchers will use the formula:
x=x/N
Wherex=averagescoreofthefaculty

68

x=summationoftheinputtedgrades
N=numberofevaluatorswhoresponds
Wherex=averagenumberofstudents
x=totalnumberofthestudents
N=numberofyears
3. The Pearsons Correlation Analysis.
The Pearson correlation is used to measure the strength of linear dependence
between two variables. In a population, the correlation between two variables is defined
as the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations.
The concept of correlation can be expressed in terms of computed value called the
correlation coefficient, r, at 0.5 level of significance. (Plane and Upperman, 2004)
Correlation is a statistical technique which can show whether or how pairs of variable are
strongly related. An intelligent correlation analysis can lead to greater understanding of
data.
In a sample, given two variables X and Y in a sample for which we are interested
to study their linear relationship, the sample Pearsons correlation coefficient between X
and Y is defined as follows:

4.

Linear Regression Analysis

69

Linear Regression is a statistical technique used to investigate and model


relationship between a variable called dependent variable and one or more independent
variables called predictors. Linear regression finds the best line that predicts Y from X.
In general, linear regression models are fitted using the least squares technique.
However, linear regression models can be developed using other techniques that
minimize the lack of fit.
5. Exponential Smoothing
This is a very popular scheme to produce a smoothed Time Series. Whereas in
Single Moving Averages the past observations are weighted equally, Exponential
Smoothing assigns exponentially decreasing weights as the observation get older. In other
words, recent observations are given relatively more weight in forecasting than the older
observations.
Exponential Smoothing will be used primarily to compute for the sales of the
company. This method is useful for the company in determining the next value for
the sales.

Testing

User Acceptance Testing


o With the use of user acceptance testing, the system will be tested by the
users. Users will be asked to test the capabilities of the system and its
features, if it is working properly. The process will determine if the
application will encounter future errors and if the system will be able to

run smoothly.
Alpha
70

o Alpha testing takes place at the developer's site by the internal teams,
before release to external customers. This testing is performed without the
involvement of the development teams. In the first phase of alpha testing,
the software is tested by in-house developers during which the goal is to
catch bugs quickly. In the second phase of alpha testing, the software is
given to the software QA team for additional testing. Alpha testing is often
performed for Commercial off-the-shelf software (COTS) as a form of
internal acceptance testing, before the beta testing is performed.

(Tuitorialspoint, 2016)
Beta Testing
o The proponents will do a final testing before releasing the system to be
operated by the client to ensure its quality of work. The testing can be
considered a form of external user acceptance testing. The testing is also
used to ensure further that the system is free from errors, bugs and glitches
for it to be considered as a ready to operate system wherein the system
will be fully operational.

71

S-ar putea să vă placă și