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Agenda
General Principal

HSDPA Key Characteristics

HSDPA Channel Structure
HSUPA Understanding

Comparison

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HSPA Evolution

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HSPA has improved performance and spectral efficiency in DL and UL by

introducing a shared channel principle:
Significant enhancement with peak rates up to 14.4 Mbps in DL, and 5
Mbps in UL.
Huge capacity increase per site; no site pre-planning necessary
Improved end user experience: reduced delay/latency, high response time

Rel.99
Introduced by
3GPP in Dec. 99,
WCDMA Based
Tech., Matured
GSM/GPRS CN, up
to 384 kbps
(2Mbps)

Rel. 4

Rel. 5

Bearer
independent CS
Core Network,
CAMEL Phase 4,
low chip rate
TDD mode, UTRA
FDD Repeater .

HSDPA (14
Mbps), IMS
phase 1, WAMR, Location
Services,
1800/1900 MHz

Rel. 6
HSUPA (5.76
Mbps), IMS
Phase 2, MMS
enhancement,
MBMS, WLANInternetworking

HSPA Principle

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Improved performance and spectral efficiency in DL and UL by introducing a shared

channel principle:
Significant enhancement with peak rates up to 14.4 Mbps (28 Mbps in Rel7) in
DL, and 5 Mbps (11.5 Mbps with 16QAM) in UL
Improved end user experience: reduced delay/latency, high response time

Rel. 99
Dedicated pipe for every UE
HSUPA (3GPP Rel6)

HSDPA (3GPP Rel5)

Fast pipe is shared among UEs

Dedicated pipe for every UE in UL

Pipe (codes and grants) changing
with time
E-DCH scheduling

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

High Speed Downlink Packet

Access

HSDPA Features

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Peak data rates of HSDPA increased to significantly higher than 2 Mbps;

Theoretically exceeding 10 Mbps.
Packet data throughput increased 50-100% compared to 3GPP release 4
Reduced delay from retransmissions.
Solutions
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Layer1 hybrid ARQ
Short frame 2 ms
Schedule in 3GPP
Part of Release 5
First specifications version completed 03/02

HSDPA Overview

15 Code
Shared
transmission

16QAM
Modulation

TTI = 2 ms

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Hybrid ARQ
with incr. redundancy

Fast Link
Adaptation

Benefit
Higher Downlink Peak rates: 14 Mbps
Higher Capacity: +100-200%
Reduced Latency: ~75 msec

Advanced
Scheduling

HS-PDSCH Transmit Power

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The Packet Scheduler is responsible for determining the transmission

power on the HS-PDSCH channels
Dynamic HSDPA power allocation is always used in NodeB
Enabled: No power limitation sent to NodeB, all available power
allocated to HSDPA
Ptx

Ptx

Cell maximum
TX power

Maximum
HSDPA power
(PtxMaxHSDPA
)

Cell maximum TX power

HSDPA
HSDPA

NonHSDPA
power
Common chs

Time

Non-HSDPA
power
Common chs

HSDPA power is not limited, all available

power can be allocated to HSDPA

Time

Maximum Code Allocation

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SF=1
SF=2
SF=4
SF=8
SF=16
15 HS-PDSCH codes

SF=32
SF=64

Codes for common

channels in the cell

Up to three HS-SCCH codes

SF=128
SF=256
Codes for associated DCHs and nonHSDPA users

Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL)

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Shared high bit rate channel between users High peak bit rates
Simultaneous usage of up to 15 DL channelization codes (In HSDPA SF=16)
Higher order modulation scheme (16-QAM) Higher bit rate in same
band
16-QAM provides 4 bits per symbol 960 kbit/s / code physical channel
peak rate

SF8= 240 Ksymb/Sec

Coding rate Coding rate

QPSK

16QAM

5 codes

10 codes

15 codes

1/4

600 kbps

1.2 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

2/4

1.2 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

3/4

1.8 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

5.4 Mbps

2/4

2.4 Mbps

4.8 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

3/4

3.6 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

10.7 Mbps

4/4

4.8 Mbps

9.6 Mbps

14.4 Mbps

HSDPA Principle

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Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft

Combining

Shared Channel Transmission

Reduced round trip delay

HSDPA

Dynamically shared in time & code

domain

Dynamic Power Allocation

Fast Link Adaptation

Efficient power &

spectrum utilization

Data rate adapted to radio

conditions on 2 ms time basis
Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK
for higher peak bit rates

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

Server

RNC

Node-B

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H-ARQ:
MAC-hs Layer-1
retransmissions

Round-Trip Time:
16 ms

UE

TCP retransmissions
RLC retransmissions

Adaptive Modulation & Coding

HSDPA uses:
QPSK
16QAM
Dynamically based on quality of the radio link

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Adaptive Modulation & Coding

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HSDPA adapts the Modulation to the current Radio Link Quality (Ec/Io) HSDPA
uses:
QPSK at low Radio Link Quality
16QAM at high Radio Link Quality
HSDPA adapts the Coding to the current Radio Link Quality (Ec/Io)
HSDPA varies the Coding between 1/4 3/4 (theoretically 1/6 0.98)

Scheduling

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Fast Scheduling in the Time domain:

Transmission is based on:
Channel Quality, UE Capabilities
Current load in the cell (available resources / buffer status)
Traffic Priority classes / QoS classes
UE Feedback (ACK/NACK)
Fast Scheduling in the code Domain
Up to 15 codes in parallel per TTI

HSDPA - UE Categories

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QPSK and 16QAM modulation with multicode transmission used to achieve high
data rates
12 different UE categories defined, categories are characterised by
Number of parallel codes supported
Minimum inter-TTI interval
Theoretical peak bit rate up to 14.4 Mbps for category 10 UE using 15 codes and
16QAM

Physical Channels for R99 UE

Node B

Dedicated

DPDCH
DPCCH

DPDCH
DPCCH

R99 DPCH

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UL CHANNELS
DPCH includes
DPDCH
DPCCH Pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC
DPDCH encapsulates
Signaling radio bearers
User plane radio bearers

DL CHANNELS
DPCH includes
DPDCH
DPCCH - Pilot, TFCI, TPC
DPDCH encapsulates
Signaling radio bearers
User plane radio bearers

Physical Channels for Rel5

UL CHANNELS
DPCH includes
DPDCH
DPCCH Pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC
HS-DPCCH CQI, ACK/NACK
DPDCH encapsulates
Signaling radio bearers
User plane radio bearers

Node B

Common

1-4 x HS-SCCH

1-15 x HS-PDSCH

DPDCH
DPCCH

DPDCH
DPCCH
HS-DPCCH

HSDPA
Associated DPCH

Dedicated

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DL CHANNELS
DPCH includes
DPDCH
DPCCH - Pilot, TFCI, TPC
DPDCH encapsulates
Signaling radio bearers
HS-PDSCH encapsulates
User plane radio bearers
HS-SCCH provides
Channelization code set, modulation scheme,
transport block size, HARQ process, redundancy
and constellation version, new data indicator, UE
identity

Channels for HSDPA Operation

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HS-DPCCH: High-Speed Dedicated Physical Common Control Channel.

HS-SCCH: High-Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-PDSCH: High-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel.

Iub
RNC

Node B

High-Speed Shared Control Channel

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L1 Control Data for UE; informs the UE how to decode the next HSPDSCH frame e.g. UE Identity, Channelization Code Set, Modulation
Scheme, TBS, H-ARQ process information
Fixed SF128
transmitted 2 slots in advance to HS-PDSCHs
SF16
HS-PDSCH
15

User 1

User 2

User 3

User 4

Subframe
2 ms

10

Time

Professionals, Inc.
High Speed-Physical Downlink SharedMobileComm
Channel

SF= 1
SF= 2
SF= 4
SF= 8

SF=16
allocated for other channels

Example: Allocated for HS-DSCH

UL-- HS-Speed-Dedicated Physical

Control Channel

1 Slot = 2560 chip

HARQ-ACK
(10 bit)

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2 Slots = 5120 chip

CQI (20 bit)
Channel Quality Indication

1 HS-DPCCH Subframe = 2ms

Subframe # 0

Subframe # i

TS 25.212: CQI values = 0 (N/A), 1 .. 30; steps: 1;

1 indicating lowest, 30 highest air interface quality

Subframe # N

CQI- Channel Quality Indicator

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HS-DPCCH & CQI

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UE observes
P-CPICH (Ec/Io)
CQI*
CQI used for:
Link Adaptation decision
Packet Scheduling decision
ACK/NACK used for:
H-ARQ process
Link Adaptation decision
HS-SCCH power adaptation

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

High Speed Uplink Packet

Access

HSUPA Overview

1-4 Code
Multi-Code
transmission

TTI = 10 ms

Hybrid ARQ
with incr. redundancy

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Fast
Power Control

Benefit
Higher Uplink Peak rates: 5.76 Mbps
Higher Capacity: +50-100%
Reduced Latency: ~50-75 ms

NodeB
Controlled
Scheduling

Shorter (TTI)

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2 ms TTI:
reduced latency
higher peak rates
(up to 5.76 Mbps)

10 ms TTI:
Improved cell edge
performance

NodeB Controlled Scheduling

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RoT
Maximum
allowable UE 1
noise rise
UE 2

L3 Resource
Allocation

UE 3

UE 2
UE 1

UE 3

UE 1

UE 2
UE 1

Data
transmission

Scheduling Info

DCH services
(eg voice and visio)
Scheduling
Assignment

Time

TTI 0

TTI 1

TTI 2

TTI 3
R6 E-DCH

H-ARQ

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For Fast retransmissions

Fast Power Control

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Node B

UE

Channels for HSUPA Operations

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E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel, carries E-DCH PDUs.

E-DPCCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel, carries the control information
of the E-DPDCH.

RNC

Iub

Uu

Node B
UE
E-HICH: E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator Channel, carries the HARQ
ACK/NACK indication message of the E-DCH.
E-AGCH: E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel, carries the absolute grant (AG) information
determined by the scheduler.
E-RGCH: E-DCH Relative Grant Channel, carries the relative grant (RG) information
determined by the scheduler.

Physical Channels HSUPA

Dedicated

Common

E-DCH AGCH

1-4 x HS-SCCH

1-15 x HS-PDSCH

E-DCH HICH

F-DPCH
E-DCH RGCH

DPDCH
DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
1,2,4 x E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH

Node B

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UL CHANNELS
E-DPCH includes
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH E-TFCI, RSN, Happy Bit
DPCH includes
DPDCH
DPCCH Pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC
HS-DPCCH CQI, ACK/NACK
E-DPDCH encapsulates
User plane radio bearers
DPDCH encapsulates
Signalling radio bearers

Physical Channels HSUPA

DL CHANNELS
DPCH includes
F-DPCH TPC
E-DCH RGCH
E-DCH HICH
E-DCH AGCH encapsulates
Absolute grant value, absolute grant
scope

Common

E-DCH AGCH

1-3 x HS-SCCH

1-15 x HS-PDSCH

E-DCH HICH

E-DCH RGCH

F-DPCH

DPDCH
DPCCH
HS-DPCCH
1,2,4 x E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH

Node B

Dedicated

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

HS-PDSCH encapsulates
User plane radio bearers
HS-SCCH provides
Channelization code set, modulation
scheme, transport block size, HARQ
process, redundancy and constellation
version, new data indicator, UE identity

Enhanced Dedicated Channel

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Channel For HSUPA

Enhanced dedicated channel E-DCH
Dedicated channel DCH
A channel dedicated to 1 UE
used in UL or DL.

Uu

Iub

RNC

Node B

UE

E-AGCH & E-RGCH

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E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative Grant Channel)

carries DL relative grants for UL E-DCH;
complementary to E-AGCH
contains: relative Grants (UP, HOLD, DOWN) &UEIdentity
E-DCH relative grant transmitted 1 TTI (2/10ms)

E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel):

carries DL absolute grants for UL E-DCH
contains: UE-Identity (E-RNTI) & max. UE power ratio
E-DCH absolute grant transmitted over 1 TTI (2/10 ms)

E-HICH

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E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

Carries H-ARQ acknowledgement indicator for UL E-DCH
Contains ACK/NACK (+1; -1) & UE-Identity
E-DCH relative grant transmitted 1 TTI (2/10 ms)

HSUPA - UE Categories

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BPSK modulation with multicode transmission used to achieve high data rates
6 different UE categories defined, categories are characterized by
Number of parallel codes supported
Support of 2ms TTI - 10ms TTI supported by all the HSUPA UEs

Theoretical peak bit rate up to 5.74 Mbps for category 6 UE using 2 ms TTI
No coding and no retransmissions - all bits must be delivered correctly over the air
HSUPA
Category

Codes x Spreading

TTI

Transport
Block size

Data rate

1 x SF4

10

7110

0.71 Mbps

2 x SF4

10

14484

1.45 Mbps

2 x SF4

2798

1.40 Mbps

2 x SF4

10

14484

1.45 Mbps

2 x SF2

10

20000

2 Mbps

2 x SF2

5772

2.89 Mbps

2 x SF2

10

20000

2 Mbps

2xSF2 + 2xSF4

10

20000

2 Mbps

2xSF2 + 2xSF4

11484

5.74 Mbps

HSPA mobility

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HSDPA
Soft handover on associated DCH channels (signalling, UL data)
Serving cell change for HSDPA data channel
Connected only to one cell at a time
Notice that soft/softer handover
is not supported for HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
Serving
HS-DSCH cell

HS-PDSCH

DPCH

DPCH

HSUPA
Soft handover utilised for uplink channels as required due to near-far problem
Only Serving Cell can allocate more UL capacity/power

Physical Layer Bit Rates HSUPA

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

3GPP Release 6 standards introduced enhanced UL bit rates with High

Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSUPA) technology
Fast allocation of available UL capacity for users High peak bit
rates
Simultaneous usage of up to 2+2 UL channelization codes (In
HSUPA SF=2 4)

SF2= 1920 kb/s

Coding rate

1 x SF4

2 x SF4

2 x SF2

2 x SF2 +
2 x SF4

1/2

480 kbps

960 kbps

1.92 Mbps

2.88 Mbps

3/4

720 kbps

1.46 Mbps

2.88 Mbps

4.32 Mbps

4/4

960 kbps

1.92 Mbps

3.84 Mbps

5.76 Mbps

UL DCH vs HSDPA vs HSUPA

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Feature

Rel. 99 (DCH)

HSUPA

HSDPA

variable Spreading Factor

Yes (256 4)

Yes (256 2)

No (16)

Yes

Yes

Yes
No

Multicode transmission

(Not in practice)

Fast Power Control

Yes

Yes

Soft Handover

Yes

Yes

Fast Power Control

Yes

Yes

No

Node B: Fast Link Adaptation

No

No

Yes

Modulation

QPSK

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM/64QAM

Node B: Fast Packet Scheduling

No

Yes

Yes

Node B: Fast L1 HARQ

No

Yes

Yes

No
(associated DCH only)

Summary
General Principal

HSDPA Key Characteristics

HSDPA Channel Structure
HSUPA Understanding

Comparison

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MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

HAPPY LEARNING
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