LINEAR

REGRESSION
Curve Fitting

REGRESSION
A

statistical measure that attempts to

determine the strength of the relationship
between one dependent variable (usually
denoted by ) and a series of other
changing
variables
(known
as
independent variables).

LINEAR REGRESSION
Linear

regression attempts to model the

relationship between two variables by
fitting a linear equation to observed data.
One variable is considered to be an
explanatory variable, and the other is
considered to be a dependent variable.

CURVE FITTING
Techniques

to fit curves to such data to

obtain intermediate estimates
Data is often given for discrete values
along a continuum (range); however, it
may require estimates at points between
the discrete values

(A) SCATTER
Where

data exhibits a significant degree

of error or scatter
The strategy to derive a single curve that
represents the general trend of the data
Normally

Regression

done

using

Least

Squares

(B) INTERPOLATION
Where

data is known to be precise

To fit curve or series of curves that pass
directly through each of points
Normally

done using Newtons Divided

Difference
((NDD)
or
Lagrange
Interpolating Polynomial (LIP)

STATISTICAL MEASURES
1. Arithmetic mean, y
y
-sum of individual data points

y
(y)
n
-number of points (n)

2. Standard Deviation, (Sy)

Sy

St
n 1

St ( yi y) 2

STATISTICAL MEASURES
3. Variance, (S2y)
S2y

2
(
y
y
)
i

n 1

4. Coefficient of Determination, r2
St Sr
r
St
2

St ( yi y ) 2

Sr ( yi y ) 2

STATISTICAL MEASURES
5. Standard Error, S y

Sr
n2

Sy

6. Regression Line, y

y a0 a1 x y A Bx
y b x

A
B

n
n xy x y
n x 2 ( x) 2

A STUDY WAS MADE ON THE AMOUNT OF CONVERTED

SUGAR IN A CERTAIN PROCESS AT VARIOUS
TEMPERATURES. THE DATA WERE RECORDED AS
FOLLOWS:
Temp, x

Converted
sugar, y

=a+bx

Sr=(y-)2

St=(y-y)2

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0

8.1
7.8
8.5
9.8
9.5
8.9
8.6
10.2
9.3
9.2
10.5

8.2227
8.4036
8.5845
8.7654
8.9463
9.1273
9.3082
9.4891
9.6700
9.8509
10.0318

0.0151
0.3643
0.0071
1.0703
0.3065
0.0516
0.5015
0.5054
0.1369
0.4237
0.2192

1.0553
1.7617
0.3935
0.4525
0.1389
0.0517
0.2780
1.1507
0.0298
0.0053
1.8843

3.6017

7.2018

N=11
mean, y
A
B

y 9.1273
n

stdrdev, Sy

y b x 6.4136
n
n xy x y
n x 2 ( x ) 2

var, S
1.8091

y A Bx 6.4136 1.8091 x

St
0.8486
n 1

( y
y

y) 2

n 1

St Sr
0.4999
St

0.7202

Stndrd.error, S y

r2

Sr
0.6326
n2

SCATTER DIAGRAM
12

10

8
Scatter data points

Regression line

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5