LANGUAGE & GRAMMAR

WORKSHEET 1.A. SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS

WORKSHEET 1.B. SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS

i. Tell whether each pair of words are synonyms or antonyms. Write synonyms or
antonyms on each line.
1. unusual / odd
_____________________
2. bright / dim
_____________________
3. happy / unhappy
_____________________
4. soaked / dry
_____________________
5. ancient / old
_____________________
6. fast / speedy
_____________________
7. icy / freezing
_____________________
8. remember / forget
_____________________
9. illness / sickness
_____________________
10. delicious / yummy
_____________________
11. draw / sketch
_____________________
12. friend / enemy
_____________________
ii. Read each word pair. Write an S next to word pairs that are synonyms.
Write an A next to word pairs that are antonyms.
1. sit/stand

13. rare/uncommon

2. watch/view

14. near/distant

3. work/play

15. miniature/small

4. pal/friend

16. angry/irate

5. car/automobile

17. musical/melodious

6. wild/tame

18. lead/follow

7. dull/boring

19. protect/defend

8. teach/instruct

20. buy/sell

9. hot/chilled

21. jump/leap

10. smelly/aromatic

22. book/tome

11. noisy/quiet

23. inside/within

12. rapid/fast

24. hungry/full

WORKSHEET 2. PROVERBS
i. A proverb is a short saying stating a general truth, or piece of advice. You have probably heard
many proverbs in your life and not realized it. See how many you know by filling in the missing half of
the proverbs below.
1. Absence makes _________________________________.

2. If you want something done right _______________________________________.

3. Even a broken clock __________________________________________________.
4. A friend in need _____________________________________________________.
5. A little bit of knowledge _______________________________________________.
6. A journey of a thousand miles __________________________________________.
7. Alls fair ____________________________________________________________.
8. All work and no play __________________________________________________.
9. Better safe __________________________________________________________.
10. Better the devil you know ____________________________________________ .
11. Dont judge a man until _______________________________________________.
12. Dont talk the talk unless you can _______________________________________.
ii. Use Damiana Eugenios system to classify the following proverbs. Use the given
codes.
G proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life and the laws that govern life
E ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices
V proverbs expressing a system of values
T proverbs expressing general truths/observations about life and human nature
H humorous proverbs
M miscellaneous proverbs
____ 1. Matibay ang walis, palibhasa'y magkabigkis.
A broom is sturdy because its strands are tightly bound.
____ 2. Sa taong walang takot, walang mataas na bakod.
To a fearless person, no fence is high enough.
____ 3. Kung ano ang puno, siya ang bunga.
Whatever the tree, so is the fruit.
____ 4. Aanhin pa ang damo, kung patay na ang kabayo.
What good is the grass if the horse is already dead.
____ 5. Kung may isinuksok, may madudukot.
If you save, you have something to withdraw.
____ 6. Ang magalang na sagot, nakakapawi ng pagod.
A respectful retort wipes away weariness.
____ 7. Ang hindi marunong magmahal sa sariling wika, daig pa ang
malangsang isda.
He who does not love the national language is worse than a smelly
fish.

____ 8. Ang mabigat ay gumagaan, kung pinagtutulungan.

A heavy burden is lightened if everyone participates in carrying it.
____ 9. Ang buhay ay parang gulong, minsang nasa ibabaw, minsang nasa
ilalim.
Life is like a wheel; sometimes you are on top, sometimes you are in
the bottom.
___ 10. Ang pili ng pili, natatapat sa bungi.
One who is choosy ends up with the least attractive choice.
iii. Proverbs and Adages Match
Match the proverb or adage in Column A to its meaning in Column B.

WORKSHEET 3. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT EXERCISE 1

RULE: Singular subject takes singular verb. Plural subject takes plural verb.
Directions: Underline the subject and encircle the correct verb in each of the sentences below.
1. Your friend (talk-talks) too much.
2. The man with the roses (look-looks) like your brother.
3. The women in the pool (swim-swims) well.
4. Bill (drive-drives) a cab.
5. The football players (run-runs) five miles every day.
6. That red-haired lady in the fur hat (live-lives) across the street.
7. He (cook-cooks) dinner for his family.
8. The boys (walk-walks) to school every day.
9. The weather on the coast (appear-appears) to be good this weekend.
10. The center on the basketball team (bounce-bounces) the ball too high.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT EXERCISE 2
RULE: The expression the number is followed by a singular verb while the expression a number is
followed by a plural verb.
Directions: Choose the correct word in each sentence. Encircle.
1. The number of people lined up for tickets (was, were) four hundred.
2. A number of suggestions (was, were) made.
3. There (is, are) a number of important announcements in the bulletin.
4. Here (is, are) the number of milk shakes you requested.
5. The number of people we need to hire (is, are) thirteen.
6. A number of people (has, have) written in about this subject.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT EXERCISE 3
RULE: Dont get confused by the words that come between the subject and verb; they do not affect
agreement.

Directions: Underline the subject and encircle the correct verb in each of the sentences below.
1. The dog, who is chewing on my jeans, (is, are) usually very good.
2. The President, together with his secretary (is, are) here.

3. The shoppers in the store (look, looks) tired.

4. Her collection of baseball cards (is, are) valuable.
5. The government's proposals about preserving the environment (cause, causes) controversy.
6. His assistant always (make, makes) mistakes.
7. His daughter, as well as his two sons, (want, wants) him to move.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT EXERCISE 4
RULE: Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement.
1. The colors of the rainbow (is, are) beautiful.
2. A convoy of trucks (is roaring, are roaring) down the dirt road.
3. This list of names (is used, are used) to check in contestants as they arrive.
4. That group of stars (is called, are called) the Little Dipper.
5. The musicians in the band (is practicing, are practicing).
6. Sounds of music (floats, float) throughout the neighborhood.
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT EXERCISE 5
Directions: Box the correct verb in each sentence below. Underline the subject.
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.
3. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
4. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.
5. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
6-7. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
8. A bouquet of yellow roses (lend, lends) color and fragrance to the room.
9. I (eat, eats) apple every day.
10. You (is, are) my sunshine under the rain.
Subject Verb Agreement Exercise 6
Directions: Circle the correct verb in the following sentences.
1. The rhythm of the pounding waves is / are calming.
2. All of the dogs in the neighborhood were / was barking.
3. A high tax, not to mention unemployment, influence / influences votes.
4. My friends and my mother like / likes each other.

5. The team and the band was / were on the field.

6. Building a good marriage and building a good log fire is / are similar in many ways.
7. John or Doris write / writes to us regularly.
8. Neither Carol nor Ted is / are excluded from the meeting.
9. Either Patty or Tom was / were asked to lead the meeting.
10. Neither the basket nor the apples was / were expensive.
11. Neither the apples nor the basket was / were expensive
12. Either Maria or you was / were late for class.
13. Either you or Maria was / were late for class.
14. Hardest hit by the high temperatures and the drought was / were the farmers.
15. Neither of them like / likes going to the show.
16. Each of them has / have a good seat.
17. Everybody in the class has / have tickets.
18. Every silver knife, fork, and spoon has / have to be counted.
19. Each cat and each dog has / have its own toy.
20. The committee is / are meeting today.
21. Ten million gallons of oil is / are a lot of oil.
22. The jury vote / votes today.
23. The number is / are very small.
24. A number of students was / were absent.
25. Ten million gallons of oil was / were spilled.
26. The majority of us is / are in favor.
27. Statistics is / are an interesting subject.
Subject/Verb Agreement Quiz
You may use your agreement rule sheet to help you with this quiz.
1. Everyone these days (knows, know) that people cant really get warts by touching a toad.
2. The whining of the impatient customers (was, were) beginning to infuriate the tired cashier.
3. Why (does, do) the manager and the workers always have to start the day with an argument?

4. Either the casserole or the meat dish (are, is) my cousins speciality; I forget which.
5. Glaring at each other in the wrestling ring (are, is) the two opponents, Abner the Animal and
Khan.
6. The brightly-wrapped packages on the closet shelf (contains, contain) Lizzies presents.
7. Each of the game show contestants (give, gives) background information at the beginning of
the show.
8. There (is, are) a Ferris wheel and two slow roller coasters at the county fair.
9. Everyone in our class (has, have) missed at least one day of class.
10. All of the catsup (has, have) spilled on the floor.
11. Today twenty dollars (are, is) not much to pay for a pair of shoes.
12. Several of the students in our class (has, have) come down with the flu.
13. Neither my sisters nor my brother (like, likes) cheery pie, my favorite.
14. My grandmother, along with her sisters, (attends, attend) church regularly.
15. Most of the wood (has, have) been used by the builders.
16. Everybody at the caf (prepare, prepares) the food.
17. Neither of the cars (is, are) for sale.
18. The science fiction club (plan, plans) to have a meeting next month.
19. One of the girls (forgets, forget) her textbook at least once a month.
20. There by the woodshed (is, are) the hammer and the nails.
21. Any of the athletes who (use, uses) steroids runs a health risk.
22. A few of the items (was, were) lost.
23. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
24. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
25. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
26. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.
27. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie.
28. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer.
29. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France.

30. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
31. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch.
32. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win.
33. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
34. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
35. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen.
36. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
37. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite subject.
38. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days.
39. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
40. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's.
41. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
42. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.
43. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private.
44. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially.
45. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case.

WORKSHEET 4. PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. If the antecedent is
singular, a singular pronoun is required. The plural antecedent requires a plural pronoun.
The following antecedents are referred to by singular pronouns: anybody, anyone, each, either,
everybody, everyone, neither, nobody, one, somebody, someone.
ex.

Each of the boys has his own savings account.

Anyone can achieve his or her goals.
Singular antecedents joined by or/nor are referred to by a singular pronoun.

ex.

John nor Dave could find his jacket.

A dog or a cat can find its way home.

Collective nouns may take either a singular or plural pronoun, depending on the meaning
of the sentence.

ex.

The cast is having its picture taken. (whole group as one)

The cast quickly took their places on stage. (individuals)

Choosing the Right Pronoun. Underline the correct pronoun.

1. Neither Mary nor Laura has turned in (her, their) report.
2. Anybody can learn to set up (his, their) own tent.
3. Each of the boys takes care of (his, their) own room.
4. Neither Tom nor Jim can give (his, their) report today.
5. Anyone can join our group if (he, they) is really interested.
6. The team can't play (its, their) best when it's too hot.
7. Either Bill or Tony will lend you (his, their) book.
8. Everyone should do (his, their) best work on the project.
9. George wants to go into politics; he finds (it, them) exciting.
10. Everyone should be in (his, their) seat before the curtain goes up.
11. Some of the team are wearing (his, their) new helmets.
12. Every class officer will do (her, their) best.
13. I find that playing bridge is hard on (my, your) nerves.
14. Some of the vanilla has lost (its, their) flavor.
15. Everybody will receive (his, their) scores in the mail.
16. Someone will be disappointed by (his, their) grade on the exam.
17. One should not worry too much about (his, their) past mistakes.
18. Each of us is prepared to give (his, their) speech on Thursday.
19. Has anyone lost (her, their) jacket?
20. Nobody plays (his, their) best when the humidity is very high.
21. Neither Mary nor Laura has turned in (her, their) report.
22. Anybody can learn to set up (his, their) own tent.
23. Each of the boys takes care of (his, their) own room.
24. Neither Tom nor Jim can give (his, their) report today.

25. Anyone can join our group if (he, they) is really interested.
26. The team can't play (its, their) best when it's too hot.
27. Either Bill or Tony will lend you (his, their) book.
28. Everyone should do (his, their) best work on the project.
29. George wants to go into politics; he finds (it, them) exciting.
30. Everyone should be in (his, their) seat before the curtain goes up.
31. Some of the team are wearing (his, their) new helmets.
32. Every class officer will do (her, their) best.
33. I find that playing bridge is hard on (my, your) nerves.
34. Some of the vanilla has lost (its, their) flavor.
35. Everybody will receive (his, their) scores in the mail.
36. Someone will be disappointed by (his, their) grade on the exam.
37. One should not worry too much about (his, their) past mistakes.
38. Each of us is prepared to give (his, their) speech on Thursday.
39. Has anyone lost (her, their) jacket?
40. Nobody plays (his, their) best when the humidity is very high.
41. Jane and Sarah said (she, they) were too tired to skate any longer.
42. Either Bill or John will bring a sample of (his, their) own work.
43. Jane and Jill called (her, their) friend.
44. Either Jane or her friends will present (her, their) project.
45. Neither Mary nor Susan said (she, they) would be there.
46. Every student wants to impress (his or her, their) professors.
47. Both John and Jim said (he, they) were not exercising regularly.
48. The jury was asked to return to (its, their) seats.
49. Please remind each student to bring (his or her, their) homework tomorrow.
50. Neither John nor Bob was willing to admit that (he, they) had cheated.
51. Each of the girls had (her, their) assignment completed.
52. Every worker in this office needs (his or her, their) own computer.

53. The committee finally made (its, their) decision public.

54. Nobody remembered to bring (his or her, their) photos.
55. Neither girl will wear (her, their) black pants.
56. Beth and Jane reported the problem to (her, their) supervisor.
57. Each teacher turned in (his or her, their) grades to the principal.
58. The choir presented (its, their) final performance.
59. Either the employees or Ms. Jones will make (their, her) presentation.
60. Both Suzi and Beth will try to see (her, their) parents over the weekend.

4.2. Underline the antecedent for the underlined pronoun in each sentence. If the pronoun has no
antecedent, write no antecedent; if the antecedent is not clear, write not clear.
Example: The boy wore his yellow raincoat.
1.

Everyone at the party enjoyed her evening.

2.

The car has a leak in its transmission.

3.

Wearing a hat when it snows is wise.

4.

More and more physicians are beginning to look not just for illnesses but also for patients habits
with long-term health implications. This is definite progress.

5.

The cow twitched its tail at the fly.

6.

Someone from the circus led the injured horse out of the ring.

7.

I go to Hockey Homeland every Tuesday to watch them practice.

8.

My aunt asked me to catch her dog.

9.

The audience clapped its hands.

10.

The audience applauded her performance.

11.

The student used her pen to write in her notebook; then she put it away.

12.

The hostages have been free for months, but some have not yet recovered from the experience.

13.

Ed Blaker promoted Bill this morning; he will go on the Washington trip next week.

14.

During winter snowstorms, the sparrows depend on our feeder for their food.

15.

The rain continued to fall, and the mud grew deeper until it finally stopped.

WORKSHEET 5. COLLOQUIAL PAIR PHRASES

1. Choose the appropriate colloquial pair phrase to complete the sentences. (Part 1)

prim and proper

by and large

to and fro
pros and cons

odds and ends

down and out

hard and fast

length & breadth

tooth & nail

safe and sound

(A) She is very ________________________ about everything. Make sure you dont use any
swear words around her.
(B) You can find quality beer throughout the _______________________ of Ireland.
(C) She believes that, ___________________, there is nothing we can do to change anything.
(D) Im afraid these rules are ___________________. We cant make any exceptions.
(E) Now, youll have to fight ___________________ to win this game.
(F) We just had __________________ for dinner.
(G) Im afraid that John is ____________________. I saw him begging the other day.
(H) Their parents were relieved when they arrived ____________________ from their hiking trip.
(I) Ive been running _____________________ all day long. Im exhausted.
(J) You need to consider the ____________________ before you make a decision.

2. (Part 2).

ins and outs

song and dance

cloak and dagger

collar and tie

up and about
pins and needles

ups and downs

sick and tired

(A) I love reading suspenseful ____________________ novels.

(B) When I called the computer company all I got was a ___________________.

bits and bobs

(C) Shes _____________________ of her boss. I think shes looking for a new job.
(D) As soon as you learn the ____________________ of the business, youll be very successful.
(E) I keep all the _____________________ in that draw over there.
(F) Dont worry, youll be ___________________ within 10 days.
(G) Its a formal dinner, very much a ____________________ affair.
(H) Of course all marriages have their ____________________, but they are worth the effort.
(I) Im sitting on ____________________ about the job interview next week. Im so nervous.

3. In each sentence replace one or more words with one of the words given, so that the
sentence has the opposite meaning.

appreciate
make

prosperous
purchase

rise
squander

wasteful
worthless

(A) The precious stones our company mines are now known to be priceless.
(B) Nigel cannot get used to being an unsuccessful businessman.
(C) The company has decided to sell its premises on East Road.
(D) I like living in this part of town. Of course, its very cheap!
(E) Jim inherited $20,000 and managed to save it all.
(F) We were poor when we were young and my father was very thrifty.
(G) At the moment house values are going down in this area.
(H) The workers were given a cut in wages when the take over was announced.
(I) Nobody thought that the company would lose a lot of money.
READING & LITERATURE

YOUR TEXT
The Origin of This World (Maranao)
from the Anthology of Philippine Myths by Damiana L. Eugenio

dear

According to Maranaw folklore, this world was created by a great Being. It is not known, however,
who exactly is this great Being. Or how many days it took him to create this world.
2

This world is divided into seven layers. The earth

has also seven layers. Each layer is inhabited by a
different kind of being. The uppermost layer, for
example, is the place we are inhabiting. The second
layer is being inhabited by dwarfs. These dwarfs are
short, plump, and long-haired. They are locally known
as Karibanga. The Karibanga are said to
possess magical powers. They are usually
invisible to the human eye. The third layer of the
earth which is found under the sea or lake is
inhabited by nymphs. These nymphs also possess
certain magical powers. It is stated in the story of
Rajah Indarapatra that he met and fell in love with the
princess- nymph with whom he had a child.
3

The sky also consists of seven layers. Each layer has a door which is guarded day and night by
huge mythical birds called garoda. The seventh layer of the sky is the seat of heaven which is also
divided into seven layers. Every layer in the sky is inhabited by angels. Maranaws believe that
angels do not need food. They all possess wings with which they fly.

Heaven which is found on the seventh layer of the sky is where good peoples
spirits go after death. Saints are assigned to the seventh layer while persons who
barely made it are confined to the lower most layer which is found at the bottom of
heaven.
5

It is in heaven where we find the tree-of-life. On each leaf of the tree-of-life is written the name
of every person living on earth. As soon as a leaf ripens or dries and falls, the person whose
name it carries also dies.
6

The soul of every person is found in tightly covered jars kept in one section of heaven. This
particular section of heaven is closely guarded by a monster with a thousand eyes, named Walo.
Walo, in addition to his thousand eyes, has also eight hairy heads. The epic Darangan speaks of
Madale, Bantugans brother and, Mabaning, Husband of Lawanen, entering this section and
retrieving the soul of Bantugan.

YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS

Task 1. Word Webs
Attach as many words you can find in the selection which you could associate with each idea
featured in each box. Use a whole sheet of paper for your webs.

heaven

earth

tree of life

Task 2. Locate, Reflect, Evaluate!

Locate information in the selection to determine whether each statement is true
(T) or false (F). Write your answer on a one-whole sheet of paper.
1. Everything has its own place in heaven or on earth.
2. Even monsters have a place in heaven.
3. The nymphs, unlike the Karibanga, have magical powers.
4. The number seven is a significant detail in the narrative.
5. Angels can fly.
6. The heaven in the selection accommodates saints and sinners.
7. There is a reward for good people in heaven.
8. The narrative is close to the accounts of other stories of origin of the world.
9. Death as explained in the narrative is a natural occurrence.
10. The Maranaw story of the origin of the world is unique.
Task 3. Show It, Say It!
Reflect on the following series of questions:
What is it that you found puzzling, interesting, intriguing, or
strange in the story? Is it similar to your belief of how the world
began? Why or why not?

Illustrate and color the puzzling, interesting, intriguing, or strange part that you found in the story then
explain your answer in not more than five sentences on a whole sheet of paper. In your explanation,
consider:
1. avoiding informal expressions;
2. using facts from your recall of information; and
3. using more nouns and adjectives than verbs and adverbs.
Task 4. Watch Out!
Study the following sentences. Write C if the sentence observes correct subject- verb agreement. If it
does not, write I. Write your answers on a one fourth sheet of paper.
1. Ritual and magic are common elements in myths.
2. Each man and woman is controlled by a powerful being in many myths.
3. Every deity has magical powers.
4. Every myth and legend have unique features.
5. Somebody is shown as more powerful in creation stories.
6. The gods nor the goddess play favorite among the humans.
7. Many of the themes in myths were used already in movies.
8. All myths is regarded as stories from oral tradition.
9. Neither a myth nor a legend explains the full nature of creation.
10. Either the historians or the mythologist are coming to the lecture.

YOUR TEXT
How the World Was Created (Panayan)
1 One of the stories about the creation of the world, which the old folks of Panay, especially those living
near the mountain, do not tire relating, tells us that in the beginning there was no heaven or earthonly
a bottomless deep and a world of mist. Everything was shapeless and formlessthe earth, the sky, the
sea, and the air were almost all mixed up.
2 Then from the depth of this formless void, there appeared two gods,
Tungkung Langit and Alunsina. Just where the two deities came from it
was not known. However, it is related that Tungkung Langit fell in love
with Alunsina and, after so many years of courtship, they got married and
had their abode in the highest realm of the eternal space where the
water was constantly warm and the breeze was forever cool. It was in
this place where order and regularity first took place.
3 Tungkung Langit was an industrious, loving, and kind god whose chief
concern was how to impose order over the whole confused set-up of
things. He assumed responsibility for the regular cosmic movement. On
the other hand, Alunsina was a lazy, jealous, and selfish goddess whose
only work was to sit by the window of their heavenly home, and amuse
herself with her pointless thoughts. Sometimes, she would go down from the house, sit down by a pool
near their doorstep and comb her long, jet-black hair all day long.
4 One day Tungkung Langit told his wife that he would be away from home for sometime to put an end
to the chaotic disturbances in the flow of time and in the position of things. The jealous Alunsina,
however, sent the sea breeze to spy on Tungkung Langit. This made the latter very angry upon
knowing about it.
5 Immediately after his return from the trip, he called this act to her attention saying that it was ungodly
of her to be jealous, there being no other creature living in the world except the two of them. This
reproach was resented by Alunsina, and a quarrel between them followed.
6 Tungkung Langit lost his temper. In this rage, he divested his wife of powers and drove her away. No
one knew where Alunsina went; she merely disappeared.
7 Several days after Alunsina left, however, Tungkung Langit felt very lonely. He realized what he had
done. Somehow, it was too late even to be sorry about the whole matter. The whole place once vibrant
with Alunsinas sweet voice, suddenly became cold and desolate. In the morning, when he woke up he
would find himself alone and in the afternoon when he came home, he would feel the same loneliness
creeping deep in his heart because there was no one to meet him at the doorstep or soothe the aching
muscles of his arms.
8 For months, Tungkung Langit lived in utter desolation. He could not find Alunsina, try hard as
he would. And so, in his desperation, he decided to do something in order to forget his sorrows. For
months and months he thought. His mind seemed pointless, his heart, weary, and sick. But he must
have to do something about his loneliness.
9 One day, while he was sailing across the regions of the clouds, a thought came to him. He would
make a big basin of water below the sky so that he can see the image of his wife, if she were just
somewhere in the regions above. And lo! The sea appeared. However, Alunsina was never seen.
10 After a long time, the somber sight of the lonely sea irritated Tungkung Langit. So he came down to
the Middleworld and created the land; then he planted this with grasses, trees, and flowers. He took his
wifes treasured jewels and scattered them in the sky, hoping that when Alunsina would see them she
might be induced to return home. The goddess necklace became the stars, her comb the moon, and
her crown the sun. However, despite all these Alunsina did not come back.

11 And up to this time, the folks in Panay say that Tungkung Langit is alone in his palace in the skies.
Sometimes, he would cry out of his pent-up emotions and his tears would fall down upon the earth. The
people say that rain is Tungkung Langits tears and that is why in some localities in the island of Panay,
the first rain in May is received with much rejoicing and sacrifice. Incidentally, when it thunders hard, the
old folks also say that it is Tungkung Langit sobbing, calling for his beloved Alunsina to come back
entreating her so hard that his voice thunders across the fields and countryside.

YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS Task 1.

Character Study
Construct a Venn diagram similar to the one below on a half sheet of paper. Compare and
contrast Tungkung Langit and Alunsina.
Tungkung Langit

Alunsina

Task 2. Locate, Reflect, Evaluate!

Determine whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). Beside your answer, write the
paragraph number to support your answer. Write your answer on a one fourth sheet of paper.
1. Tungkung Langit and Alunsina lived in a heavenly paradise.
2. There was no reason for Alunsina to be jealous.
3. Only Alunsina should be blamed for the loneliness of Tungkung Langit.
4. The world was created due to the hopelessness of Tungkung Langit.
5. Tungkung Langits bad temper cost him a significant lot.
6. Panays idea of creation originated from a happy setting.
7. How the World was Created is a myth.
8. The story is not associated with some real experiences in Panay.
9. The elders in Panay no longer speak of their story of creation.
10. The story speaks more of trust between a couple than of compromise