INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE

ANALASIS NOVELET BRISTOL MURDER

PHILIP PROWSE

NAME:
ENI LARIANTI (1516230088)
Lecturer : ANDRIADI, M.A
Local : B / C 4.8
Semester III
FACULTY TARBIYAH AND TADRIS
PROGRAM STUDY TBI
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN)
BENGKULU
2016/2017

PREFACE
With all the praise and thanks to God Almighty, who has given love and mercy so
that a paper entitled "Analysis of novelet Bristol Murder " I was able to finish well.
1

This paper was prepared to meet any of the tasks subjects Introduction to Literature.
On this occasion, we would like to thank profusely to all those who have helped me in
completing the writing of this paper, to Andriadi, MA as a lecturer in Literature
Introduction of support and motivation and also for friends who have contributed
ideas were their idea and motivation to write this paper. I am fully aware that many
flaws in the writing of this paper, in terms of material, technical material and
presentations. Therefore, I expect criticism and constructive suggestions to further
enhance the writing of this paper. Finally, I hope that this paper can be useful for the
reader.
Bengkulu, 04 N0vember 2016

EniLarianti

CONTENTS
Preface.....................................................................................................2
Contents...................................................................................................3
2

1. Novelet................................................................................................4
2. The Elements Of Fiction.....................................................................4
3. Fiction Of Genre..................................................................................27
Bibliography............................................................................................28

A. Novellet
a. Defenition Of Novelet
Novelette, such as Josep Conrads Heart Darkness (1902), hold an intermediary position
between novel and short story, since its lenght and narratogical elements cannot be strictly
identified with either of the two genres1.
Randall Stevenson defined that novelette is a relations between the two story and narrative
text; between what happened and how it is told result from, reveal, and authors technical and
structural decisions2. So in my opinion novella is a literary work or a longer story of short stories
1 Mario Klarer.An Introduction to Literary Studies.Routledge.London and Newyork.2004.P 14.
3

and shorter than a novel with Long story usually 17500-40000 words and the average number of
pages 60-150 pages.
B. The Elements of fiction
1. Plot
a. Defenition of Plot
Ansendibelldefined that a general definition of the plot was that it was happening
in a story3 . Plot is structural measures to achieve an emotional effect. Definition by
Abrams from siebeckMohr "In a work of dramatic plot is the structure of its actions, as
these are ordered or given to achieve emotional and artistic effect of certain4.
MarioKlarer The plot is logical interaction of various thematic elements of the
text that cause changes in the original situation as presented at early narrative 5 .So from
some expert opinions I can conclude that the plot is formed by a series of stories which
stages events that occurred causal connection with the events of the other events in the
story.
b. Types of plot
Sayuti said that the grooves can be classified based on reviews such as in terms of
the preparation of the event, or portions, shaping it in terms of the end of the story in
terms of quantity and in terms of quality6 .
The plot of arrange even
1. advanced groove, the groove Tell the interwoven stories in sequence from beginning to
end by the time sequence that continues to advance. For example an incident in
January, followed by a story in February, March, June, and so on until the story ends.
2. Backward flow, the grooves that convey a sequence of interwoven stories the last time
until the time that most past or from the story of the last until the beginning of the story

2Dermot Cavanagh and Alan Gillis.The Edinburgh Introduction of Studying English Literature. Edinburgh
University Press Ltd. Great Britain.2010.P 120.

3AnsenDibell.Plot.WritersDigestBooks.United States of America.1988.P 5.

4Mohr Siebeck.The Disciples in The Fourth Gospel.Printed in Germany.Germany.2010.P 162.
5Mario Klarer.An Introduction to LiteraryStudies.Routledge.New York.2004.P 15.
6Dina Ramadhanti.Ajar ApresiasiProsa Indonesia.Deepublish.Yogyakarta.2016.hal 42
4

events. For example, the novel begins the story of what happened in December, and
then review the story in November, October, and so on.
3. Flow back and forth (mixture), which grooves convey the interwoven stories
chronologically diverse or partly developed and partly grooved grooved retreat.
In connection with the analysis of Bristol Murder novellet I read, I can conclude
about the grooves built into the new citations. Generally groove on quotation is the kind
of forward flow. It is characterized by a trip yan story comes from antiquity to the days
ahead; which tells of an incident in Bridgwater, Manchester to Bristol. However, the
flow of which was built in the novel as a whole does not flow forward. There is a
phrase that indicates the story of their journey that leads to the old. Which shows that in
the story there is also a backward flow. The sentence that indicates it is when the steel
bob tell the police about what really happened
c. The Phase of story in plot
Mario klarer defined that An ideal traditional plot line encompasses the
followingfour sequential levels: expositioncomplicationclimax or turning point
resolution.7
a. Exposition is a literary device used to introduce background information about
events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers. The word comes from
the Latin language and its literal meaning is a showing forth. Exposition is
crucial to any story, for without it nothing makes sense.
The exposition parts in this story are found, namely :
a) The beginning sentence that giving a time connection is in first paragraph of
chapter 1 page 7
It was early one morning in October. Mrs Jones was in the kitchen
making breakfast. She had been up since five o'clock. MrsJones looked at her
watch. It was time to wake Peter8.
a) Background information about character
This part are told in page 4, 5, and 6 about the people in this story
Name: Peter Jones
Age : 22
Address: 103 Mill Road, Bridgwater.
Description: tall, thin, dark hair, brown eyes.
Life: Peter Jones was fifteen when his father died. Peter's mother was very poor and
needed money, so Peter got a job. Peter gaveall the money he earned to his mother to
help pay for the housewhere they lived. Their house was very small and old but it
7Mario Klarer.An Introduction to LiteraryStudies.Routledge.New York.2004.P 15.
8Philip prowse.Bristol Murder.P.7
5

wascheap. When he was seventeen, Peter changed his job and startedto work for a
company called Universal Transport Limited. Thiscompany had a lot of lorries. As
soon as he was old enough,Peter learnt to drive. When he was twenty-one, he passed
adriving test which allowed him to drive big lorries on his own.Now he drives lorries
with goods in them from Bridgwater toBristol, London, Birmingham and
Manchester9.
Name: John Stevens
Age: 16
Address: 24 Devonshire Road, Bristol.
Description: medium height, thin, brown hair,brown eyes.
Life: John Stevens' mother and father are dead. He lives with hisuncle. His uncle,
Robert Stevens, is a school teacher. John is stillat school but he doesn't enjoy it and he
wants to leave.
Name : Jeff Beck
Age: 24
Address: Cabaret Club, 12 Victoria Street,Manchester.
Description : medium height, quite fat,long dark hair, blue eyes.
Life : Jeff Beck left school at fifteen. He was soon in trouble withthe police. When he
was eighteen, he was sent to prison for threemonths for stealing cars. After he left
prison, he continuedstealing and was caught again. He is now twenty-four and
hasbeen in prison three times. He is the owner of a night club10 .
Name: Bob Steel
Age: 42
Address: 12 River Street, Bristol.
Description: short, average weight, red hair,small red beard, green eyes.
Life: Nothing is known about his childhood. He has no job. Hesells information to the
police about robberies and people whostea11
b) The exposition which introduction the event before the conflict.
This part is in the last paragraph of chapter 1 page 9
As Peter looked out ahead, he saw a boy standing by the side of the road. It was
difficult to see in the rain but the boy looked about sixteen. He was wearing a red
jersey, and jeans. He was hitch-hiking and was holding out his hand to ask for a
lift.Peter slowed down and stopped. The boy ran up and opened the door.12
9Philip Prowse.Bristol Murder.P.4
10Philip Prowse.Bristol Murder.P.5
11Philip Prowse.Bristol Murder.P.7
12Philip prowse.Bristol Murder.P.9
6

The introductions of the conflict between police and Peterjames in chapter 3 page
16
The policeman held his hand up. Peter slowed the lorry down and stopped. The
policeman walked up to the side window. 'What is it?' asked Peter. 'What's the
matter?' 'We're looking for a boy who we think may have killed his uncle,' replied the
policeman. 'Oh, yes,' said Peter, 'I heard the news about it on the radio this morning.'
'Well,' continued the policeman, 'we think the boy has left Bristol and he may be
hitch-hiking north.' 'Is he dangerous?' asked Peter.'Very dangerous. He killed his uncle
with a chair leg,' the policeman added.13
b. Conflict(backwardflow)
1. When John run away from house
'I said I've left home. Im not going to go back,' the boy shouted.
'Why?' asked Peter.
'We had an argument, that's all,' the boy replied slowly14.
2. Then, John Steves conflict with her uncle as in the sentence in page 13
'My uncle has always been kind to me, but he never lets me do anything.'
'What do you mean?' asked Peter.
The boy pushed back his chair. 'Well, he never lets me go out in the
evenings15.'
3. The Conflict between John Steve and his uncle in page 14:
'When he wasn't looking, I ran out and went to the cinema with my
friends. When I came back my uncle was waiting for me. He was very, very
angry and asked me where I had been. I told him I'd been to the cinema.
When I told him that I'd been to the cinema, my uncle hit me in the face.' John
paused to drink his tea.
'Does he often hit you?' asked Peter.'When he gets angry. Last night he hit
me very hard and I got angry and hit him back16,'
4. when the police going to search Peters lorry

13Philip prowse.Bristol Murder.P.16

14Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.11
15Philip prowse.Bristol murder.P.13
16Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. P.14
7

They, you,come and help us open the back of your lorry,right, shouted Peter
and got out. If I am there when they find John, he thought, perhaps I can give him
a chance to escape by getting in the policemens way17.
5. The conflict Peter when asked about jeff beck cafe waiters and servants of jeff
beck.
Jeff Beck,' said Peter quietly.
The caf owner dropped the cup he was holding. It broke on the floor.
'No, mister,' said the caf owner. 'I don't know anyone of that name. You
must have made a mistake.'
'Are you sure?' asked Peter going up close to the caf owner. 'I think you
do know him.'
'Look. I said I didn't. I don't like people asking questions. Why don't you
go and ask someone else?' the caf ownershouted. 'Go on. Get out.'
'OK,' said Peter, 'thank you for your help.'
Peter left the caf and started to walk along the street.
'Excuse me, can you tell me the time?' said a voice from behind.
Peter turned round. It was the man who had been sitting next to him in the
caf.
'Of course,' said Peter, and looked at his watch. As he did so the man
caught hold of Peter's hair and twisted his head back.Peter felt the cold steel of a
knife against his throat.
'Now we're going to see whether you really do know Jeff or whether
you're from the police,' the man said18.

6. Then, the conflict comes from john steve and susans boyfriend
Steve came up to John and pushed him against the wall. 'So,'he said,
'you ..want. . . to . . . fight. . . do . . . you?' As he said each word, he pushed John
hard against the wall with his hand.
John felt lost. What could he do? There were four peopleagainst him and he
was in a strange town.
'We're going to teach you a lesson,' said Steve, with a nastylaugh. 'We're
going to teach you not to try to steal my girlfriend.
17Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. P.17
18Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. P.23
8

'John began to feel afraid. He knew that he must dosomething quickly.

Suddenly, he hit Steve in the stomach andtried to run away, but the other three
boys caught him.
So you're frightened, are you?' asked one of the boys.
'You can't get away now,' said another.
'We're going to teach you a lesson,' said the third.
Then one of the boys hit John hard in the face and anotherboy hit him in
the stomach. John fell on the ground. He felt sick.Then Steve came up and started
to kick him19
7. When Bob Steel sell information to Peter and John,he want money

from Peter

and John
Thats not much help, said Peter.
Look, said Bob Steel, I can find out a lot more but you must give me a
little time. Come back after lunch and bring the money.
what money/ exclaimed Peter. Jeff Beck told us you would help us
because you were a friend of his.
Jeff was right,replied Bob Steel I will help you, but I want a hundred
pounds for helping you20.

8. Then conflict comes from bob steel, tommy logan and peter at the bobs in the
room
Suddenly, Peter saw that Bob Steel wascarrying a chair. It was the chair
Peter had tied Bob Steel up in.Tommy Logan must have untied him. With a laugh,
Bob Steelthrew the chair at Peter from the top of the stairs. Thechair was heavy. It
hit Peter on the shoulder and knockedhim down the stairs. Then Tommy Logan
and Bob Steel randown the stairs, jumped over Peter's body and ran out into
thestreet.
Peter lay at the bottom of the stairs. His head and rightshoulder hurt badly.
Then he heard the motorbike starting. Withdifficulty, Peter got up and went to the

19Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P.35

20Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P.39

door. Bob Steel andTommy Logan were both on the motorbike and they
weredriving away fast down the street.
'I'm not going to lose them again,' said Peter aloud. He forgotabout the pain
in his shoulder and ran as fast as he could to hislorry. In a moment he was chasing
after the motorbike in hislorry. The motorbike turned right at the end of the street
andwent down the hill towards the river. Peter switched on thelorry's headlights
fully and with the tyres screaming, he followedthe motorbike around the corner.
Going down the hill, Peter wasable to go faster than the motorbike and was soon
only fiftymetres behind. Then, at the bottom of the hill, the motorbikesuddenly
turned right into a narrow street. Peter followed themotorbike into the narrow
street. As the lorry's lights lit up thewall at the end of the street, Peter shouted
happily.
Now I've got you,' he shouted. 'There's no way out!'The street had no exit.
The only way out of the street wasback to the road.
The motorbike went to the end of the street, and discoveringthat there was
no way out, turned around. Then the motorbikedrove back towards Peter. Peter
could see Tommy Logan's faceas he drove the motorbike straight at the lorry.
Peter quicklyturned the lorry across the street so that the motorbike could notpass
and then he waited for the crash.
With a roar, the motorbike came right up to the lorry. The Tommy Logan
saw a narrow gap between the lorry and the wall. The gap was less than a metre
wide, but big enough to let themotorbike escape. The motorbike roared through
the gapbetween the lorry and the wall.
Peter was furious. Angrily, he turned the lorry around andbegan to chase
the motorbike. When he turned into the road bythe river, Peter could just see the
back light of the motorbikedisappearing in the distance. He drove faster. He
turned a corner.And then to his surprise, Peter saw that Tommy Logan and
BobSteel had been delayed. They had stopped in a queue of cars atthe traffic
lights. The lights were red and so the cars had to wait.
Tommy Logan looked over his shoulder and saw that Peter'slorry was
approaching fast. Peter was now very close. TommyLogan decided that he would
not wait at the red lights. Suddenly,he drove the motorbike out into the middle of
the road andpassed all the cars waiting at the traffic lights. Then, withoutstopping,
10

the motorbike went straight across the crossroadsagainst the red lights and nearly
crashed into a car coming theother way.
Peter immediately followed the motorbike and passed the lineof cars which
was waiting. He didn't wait for the traffic lights toturn green. He drove faster and
chased Tommy Logan and BobSteel across the crossroads and down the street.
They were getting nearer the centre of town now and theroads were busier.
As Peter passed car after car in his chase afterthe two men, he looked in the lorry's
minor. In the minor, Petercould see a police car with its lights flashing, chasing
both thelorry and the motorbike.
Well, thought Peter, I'm not going to stop now. I'll catch thatmotorbike if
it's the last thing I do. With the tyres screaming andsmoking as they went around
the corners, Peter drove his lorryas fast as he could after the motorbike. And
behind both thelorry and the motorbike came the police car with its
flashinglights21

c. Climax
The climax in page 63-67
The road was straight now for nearly a kilometre. The twopolice cars behind the
lorry were now much closer. Peter couldsee the flashing lights of another police car in
front of them.Tommy Logan saw the police car coming too and started to slowdown.
A moment later, Tommy turned the motorbike aroundand came roaring back towards
Peter.
Peter stopped the lorry in the middle of the road. The twopolice cars behind the
lorry screamed to a stop, one on each sideof the lorry. Now there was no space for the
motorbike to pass.Peter jumped out of his lorry and started running towards
themotorbike. Tommy Logan drove the motorbike straight at Peter,but at the last
moment Peter jumped aside. The motorbikecrashed into the lorry.
Peter stood still in the middle of the road for a second. Hewatched the motorbike
hit the back wheel of his lorry. Behindhim he could hear the policemen getting out of
their cars andrunning towards him and the motorbike. In front of him,
anotherpoliceman pointed at him and shouted, 'Stop'.
21Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P58-61
11

Tommy Logan was not hurt. He jumped up immediately andstarted to run away.
Peter chased after him. As he ran, Peterquickly looked behind him. Bob Steel was
lying on the ground bythe motorbike with a policeman standing over him. Two
otherpolicemen were chasing Peter.
Peter could run faster than Tommy Logan. He got closer andcloser and finally
jumped and caught Tommy by the shoulders.They both fell to the ground, with Peter
holding on to Tommy'scoat. Then Peter felt two strong hands pulling him away.
Helooked up and saw two policemen.
'All right, you two; stop fighting. You're both under arrest,'said one of the
policemen.
Peter and Tommy both stood up and looked at each other.
'Now, come with us,' said the policeman, who was now firmlyholding Tommy's
arm. And the four of them walked back to the police cars.
Another policeman was waiting for them with Bob Steel. BobSteel had some
blood on his face, but he looked more frightenedthan hurt. The motorbike was put in the
back of Peter's lorryand a policeman drove it back to the police station. Peter,Tommy
Logan and Bob Steel followed in the police cars.
When they arrived at the police station, they were taken tosee the sergeant.
The sergeant took their names and addresses. 'Now then,' hesaid, 'what's all this
about?'
Bob Steel and Tommy Logan said nothing.
Peter thought for a minute and then he spoke. 'It's about themurder. The murder of
Mr Stevens.'
'Really?' said the sergeant. 'You were driving through Bristolat a hundred
kilometres an hour because Mr Stevens wasmurdered, were you?'
Peter tried to explain the situation, but the sergeant didn'twant to listen.
'If it's about the murder,' the sergeant said, 'you can talk tothe Inspector. He's out
now, but he'll be back in half an hour. Ihope you're telling the truth, because the inspector
is a very busyman. He'll be very angry if he thinks you're wasting his time.'
'He's mad,' shouted Bob Steel, pointing at Peter.
'All right, be quiet, all of you,' said the sergeant. 'You can alltalk to the inspector
when he comes.'
The sergeant took Bob Steel and Tommy Logan and putthem in one room. Then
he opened another door and pushedPeter into a different room.
'Peter!' shouted a voice.
Peter looked up. It was John.
'Peter, how good to see you. Is everything all right now?'
12

asked John. 'Are they going to let me go?'

'No,' said Peter sadly.
'Then what are you doing here?' asked John.
'I'm under arrest, too,' said Peter.
'What for?' John asked in surprise.
'Dangerous driving,' replied Peter. He told John the wholestory and John listened
without saying anything. Then John toldPeter that the police had asked him lots of
questions, but that hehadn't told them anything.
'I think it's about time you did tell us everything,' said a voicefrom behind them. It
was Inspector Shaw.
'Now,' said Inspector Shaw, 'you're both in bad trouble. Iwant the truth.'
Inspector Shaw sat down. He looked at Peter and John.
'I wantthe truth,' the inspector said again.
Peter looked serious. He was going to tell the inspector thewhole story. He hoped
Inspector Shaw would believe him. If theinspector didn't believe his story, Peter knew
that he would besent to prison for helping John and for driving dangerously.Inspector
Shaw listened without saying anything, while Peter toldhim the whole story from the
moment he had given John a lift tothe chase through Bristol. The inspector wrote some
notes in alittle book while Peter was talking.
'Do you expect me to believe this story?' asked InspectorShaw, when Peter had
finished.
'Yes,' said Peter.
'It's the truth,' John added.
'We'll see,' replied the inspector, as he left the room.
Inspector Shaw returned a minute later with Sergeant Black,Bob Steel and
Tommy Logan. Sergeant Black brought in somechairs and they all sat down.
Inspector Shaw turned to Bob Steel, who looked veryfrightened.
'You've been in trouble before,' said the inspector, 'and thistime you'll go to prison
unless you tell us all that you know.'
'Prison?' said Bob Steel. 'I haven't done anything. I haven'tkilled anyone. I was
just walking past Mr Stevens' house thenight before last, when I saw
'Be quiet, you old fool,' shouted Tommy Logan, as he jumpedto his feet. Sergeant
Black pushed Tommy back into his chair.
'What did you see?' Inspector Shaw asked Bob Steel.
Bob Steel continued. 'I saw a young man running out of thehouse. He left the
front door open. I was surprised, so I went into have a look. Mr Stevens was lying on the
floor.'
'Who was the boy you saw running out of the house?' askedthe Inspector.
Bob Steel pointed at John. 'It was him,' he said.
13

'I didn't. . .' started John.

'Be quiet,' said Sergeant Black.
'What happened next?' the Inspector asked Bob Steel.
'Well,' Bob Steel continued, 'Mr Stevens was lying on thefloor. I could see that he
wasn't dead because he was breathing.Just then, I heard footsteps coming, so I ran out of
the back doorand hid in the garden. I could hear a loud argument and then afight. I went
around to the front of the house and looked in thewindow, but I couldn't see anything. I
waited and after a fewminutes I saw a young man leaving the house.'
'Was it the same boy as before?' Inspector Shaw asked.22.
d. Resolution
The resolution in page 68-70
Bob Steel looked at Tommy Logan. 'No,' he said, 'it was Tommy Logan.
'You're a liar,' shouted Tommy Logan. 'That's not true.'
'What did you do then?' asked the inspector.
'I went into the house again,' replied Bob Steel, 'but when Isaw that Mr Stevens
was dead, I left. I telephoned the police andthen went home.'
'That's not true,' shouted Tommy Logan. 'That's not true.Bob Steel followed me
and then asked me for money. He said if Ididn't give him a hundred pounds, he would
tell the police hehad seen me at Mr Stevens' house.'
'So you were at Mr Stevens' house,' the inspector said quickly.
'Yes, that's right,' replied Tommy Logan. He looked angry andat the same time he
looked as if he was going to cry.
'Bob Steel kept on asking for more money,' said TommyLogan. 'I gave him some
more, but it was no use. You've caughtme anyway.'
Tommy Logan stopped talking and started to cry.
'Stop crying,' said Inspector Shaw to Tommy roughly, 'andtell us what happened
when you went to Mr Stevens' house.'
'I didn't mean to . . .' started Tommy Logan, 'I didn't mean to. . .'
'Come on,' said Inspector Shaw in a more gentle voice. 'Tellus what happened.'
Tommy Logan looked around at the others. 'I went to see MrStevens,' Tommy
continued, 'because he had given me a lot ofextra work to do. He had given me some
extra homeworkbecause he thought I had been rude to him in class. I did thework at
home and then took it around to Mr Stevens' house. Iwanted to explain to him that I
thought he was being unfair tome. When I got to the house, the front door was open.
Iknocked, but there was no answer. I went into the front roomand I saw Mr Stevens
lying on the floor. I thought he was ill, so Istarted to lift him up.'
22Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.63-67
14

'What did Mr Stevens do?' asked the Inspector.

'Mr Stevens opened his eyes and looked at me. Then hepushed me away and stood
up. I gave him the work that I haddone. Mr Stevens looked at it for a minute and then
threw it onthe floor. He said it was all wrong. He hit me hard on the face,and said that
he was going to teach me a lesson. I told MrStevens that he didn't have any right to
hit me. He just laughed. Itried to leave, but he stopped me. Then he took off his coat
andsaid he was going to beat me. I pushed him away and ran for thedoor. But Mr
Stevens got there first and pushed me back.'
Tommy Logan stopped talking and looked quickly at theinspector.
'And what happened then?' the inspector asked.
'Mr Stevens started hitting me on the head and on the body,'Tommy Logan
continued.
'He was hitting me hard, so I became angry and picked up achair to push him
away. Mr Stevens caught hold of the chair andit broke. One of the legs fell on the
floor, so I picked up thechair leg instead. Mr Stevens laughed and said I couldn't
hurthim however hard I tried. He hit me again.
' "Come on," he said, "hit me. Are you frightened to hit me?"Then Mr Stevens
came closer and hit me in the face again. I hithim with the chair leg. He stopped and
picked up another chairleg. Then he shouted that he was going to kill me. He
rantowards me, holding the chair leg. As he came close, I hit himwith all my strength
and he fell to the floor.'
Tommy Logan stopped speaking and there was a shortsilence. Then he looked at
the inspector and at John. 'I didn'tmean to do it,' he said. 'I didn't mean to do it.'
Peter and John walked out of the police station.
'It's wonderful,'John said. 'I didn't think the police would let me go.'
'The police had to let you go,' replied Peter, 'because TommyLogan said that he
had killed your uncle.'
'I know,' said John slowly, 'but I don't think he wanted to killmy uncle. I think it
was an accident.'
'That's true,' agreed Peter.
Peter and John walked around to the back of the policestation and got into Peter's
lorry.
'What do you think will happen to Tommy Logan?' askedJohn.'I don't know,'
answered Peter, as he drove the lorry out ontothe road. 'He is very young to go to
prison. The person whoshould go to prison is Bob Steel, because he tried to make
moneyout of your uncle's death.'
15

'But why aren't you angry with Tommy for trying to hit youwith his motorbike
when you were chasing him?' John asked.
'Because I expect I would have done the same in hissituation,' said Peter. 'Don't
forget that Bob Steel had frightenedTommy and told him that the police would put
him in prison forthe rest of his life,' replied Peter.
'I don't know what I'm going to do now,' said John. 'I don'twant to stay at school. I
must try to find a job.'
'Why not come to Universal Transport with me,' suggestedPeter, 'and see if they
can give you a job?'
John looked at Peter. 'Do you think they would give me ajob?' he asked.
'I expect so,' said Peter, smiling

2. Characters
a. Definitions of Character
David Lodge said that character is arguably the most important single component
of the novel. Yet character is probably the most difficult aspect of the art of fiction to
discuss in technical terms23 .
Aritoteles says character gives us qualities, but it is in action 24 . Mario Klarer
defined that literature traditionally focus on plot and narrative structure, methods
informed by psychoanalysis shift the center of attention to the texts characters25 .
Of the opinion of the experts I can conclude that it is the moral character or a
character that distinguish one person to another, or significant congenital, heart, soul,
personality, character, behavior, personality, character, character, temperament, character.
b. The role of the character
Protagonist character is norm menivastation, values, that is idea for us.which one
of it is kainds is populary called hero.The protagonis character support the way the story
In the bristol murder the protagonis character is:
1. Peter Jones
Peter included the protagonist character because he is good, in the Bristol Murder that
show peter the good person is when he help jhon
'Where are you going?' the boy asked.
'Manchester,' Peter said.
23David Lodge. Art of the Fiction.Viking Penguin.New York.P 67.
24E.M.Foster. Aspects of the Novel.Harcourt.New York.London. P 83.
25Mario Klarer.An Introduction to Literary Studies.Routledge.London and New York.P 17.
16

'Can you give me a lift?' the boy asked anxiously.

'Yes, get in.' As he spoke, Peter leant over and helped the boyinto the lorry26.
if you want to sleep, peter said, you can get into the back. The lorrys not quiet full
and theres an old coat of mine there you can lie on27
Peter slowed down and stopped. The boy ran up and opened the door28.
Then I right not to tell the police about you,said Peter29.
2. John Stevens
John included the protagonist character because he is honest, in the Bristol Murder
that show
'I don't know,' said the boy.
'You don't know?' Peter repeated, in a surprised voice.
'No. I've run away from home.' The boy spoke quietly.
'What?' said Peter. The lorry was very noisy and it wasdifficult to talk.
'I said I've run away from home.' The boy repeated his wordsloudly but Peter still
could not hear.
'What?' Peter asked again.
'I said I've left home. I'm not going to go back,' the boyshouted.
'Why?' asked Peter.
'We had an argument, that's all,' the boy replied slowly30.
A chair leg? replied John in surprise. I didnt hit him with a chair leg. I hit with
my hands31.
3. Jeff beck
Jeff beck included the protagonist character because he is honest, in the Bristol
Murder that show
Peter grinned. 'So you've stopped stealing and started workinghonestly.'
Jeff laughed. 'Well, not exactly. You could say that I controlthe people who do the
stealing. I sell the things which they stea32

26 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. P.11

27Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.16
28Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.11
29Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.20
30Philip prowse. Bristol murder. Page 11
31Philip prowse.Bristol murder. Page 20
17

Jeff laughed. 'Of course not,' he said. 'But I can give you the name of someone in
Bristol who may be able to help you.'
'What's his name?' Peter asked.
'Bob Steel. He's a friend of mine. Bob lives by the river. He knows more about
what happens in Bristol than the police do33.

Antagonist character is the character, force, or collection of forces that

standsdirectly opposed the protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
In the bristol murder the antagonist character is Bob steel, because he lie to with a
report to police.
1. Bob Steel
After I read the novel Bristol Murder I conclude that the bob is the liar, greedy.
because there is a quote in the novel that BobStell asking for money to Peter and also
when BobStell call the police and say jhon killer.
What money?' exclaimed Peter. 'Jeff Beck told us you would help us because you
were a friend of his.'
'Jeff was right,' replied Bob Steel. 'I will help you, but I want a hundred pounds
for helping you34
Bob Steel watched John and Peter from his window. He waited until they had
gone. Then he went downstairs and over to the public telephone box across the street.
He dialled a number.
'Hello,' he said, 'is that the police?35'
2. Tommy Logan
Tommy Logan cowards, rude, and he was also the uncle Jhon actual killer. Seen
in the following quote that he is rough and the person who killed uncle Jhon

32Philip prowse. Bristol murder. Page 29

33Philip prowse. Bristol murder. Page 30
34Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. Page 39
35Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. Page 42
18

'Be quiet, you old fool,' shouted Tommy Logan, as he jumpedto his feet. Sergeant
Black pushed Tommy back into his chair36.
Bob Steel looked at Tommy Logan. 'No,' he said, 'it was Tommy Logan.'
'You're a liar,' shouted Tommy Logan. 'That's not true37.
And what happened then?' the inspector asked.
'Mr Stevens started hitting me on the head and on the body,'Tommy Logan
scontinued.
'He was hitting me hard, so I became angry and picked up achair to push him
away. Mr Stevens caught hold of the chair andit broke. One of the legs fell on the
floor, so I picked up thechair leg instead. Mr Stevens laughed and said I couldn't
hurthim however hard I tried. He hit me again.
"Come on," he said, "hit me. Are you frightened to hit me?"Then Mr Stevens
came closer and hit me in the face again. I hithim with the chair leg. He stopped and
picked up another chairleg. Then he shouted that he was going to kill me. He
rantowards me, holding the chair leg. As he came close, I hit himwith all my strength
and he fell to the floor.'
Tommy Logan stopped speaking and there was a shortsilence. Then he looked at
the inspector and at John. 'I didn'tmean to do it,' he said. 'I didn't mean to do it38.
3. Setting
a. Definition of setting
Setting is taken from English language, that mean is another aspect traditionally
included in analyses of prose fiction, and it is relavant to discussions of other genres,
too39. Rene and Austin said in their book, setting is concerned with the places where story
take a place40.Therefore Abrams said setting is the cornerstone of fulcrum , sugested in
terms of place , time relations , and social environment where the events narrated41.
36Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. Page 67
37Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder. Page 68
38Philip Prowse.Bristolmurder.Page 69
39Mario Klarer. An introduction to Literary Studies. Routledge. London. 2004.P 6.
40Rene Wellek and Austin.Theory of literature. New York. Harcourt. Brace and Company. 1949. P 131.
41Burhan Nurgiyantoro. 2010. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta. Gadjah Mada University Press.P 216.
19

So I think the setting is the fictional element that shows where and when an event
occurred
1. Setting of place
Setting of place is directs to the location where the event happened in a story.
Setting of place in a novel or fiction usually consist of several locations and it will move
from one place to another place because theres a development of plot and
characteristic42.

Aplication:
For example setting of place from Bristol Murder
a. In the Bridgwater
It was still only half past seven and Bridgwater was quiet. He drove

along

Corporation Street and trough the centre of the town43.

It was warm in the caf and Peter went up to the counter where a girl was
serving. John took a seat at a table44.
John stayed with Peter in Bridgwater45
b. In the Manchester
By fife oclock Peter and John were outside Manchester46.( page 39)
The caf was almost empty47
After a while he came to a cinema48.
There was a sign outside the house which
42KenUchica. 2013. The Definition of Novel(pdf)www.academia.edu .pdf accessed on 18/09/2016 at
19:05 pm
43Philip prowse.Bristol murder. Page 9
44 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. Page 13
45 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. Page 38
46Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.39
47 Philip prowse. Bristol murder.P.23
48 Philip prowse. Bristol murder.P.24
20

said "Cabaret Club". There were lots of cars parked in front of the house49.
c. In the Bristol
Bob Steel,12 River Street. Yes, that;s right. Number twelve River Street
was a smaal, low house which hadn;t been painted for a long time. The windows
were dirty and the curtains were drawn. The house look empty50.
Peter and John left the house and walked down the street. They stopped at
a caf on the corner and went in.51
he policemen took John outside the railway station, where there was a
police car waiting. They put John into the back seatand Detective Inspector Shaw
got in beside him. The otherpoliceman got into the driving seat and started the
car52.
After a while, the sergeant put John in another room with a bed and locked
the door53.
Peter stopped the lorry outside Manor Park Secondary School54.
Peter and John walked out of the police station55
2. Setting of time
Related to the problem of when the event happens in a story, the problem of when
is usually connected with factual time56.That has connection with historical event.
Aplication:For example setting of time from Bristol Murder
a. In the morning
it was early one morning in October57.
b. In the afternoon
49 Philip prowse. Bristol murder.P.28
50Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.38
51 Philip prowse. Bristol murder.P.40
52 Philip prowse. Bristol murder.P.44
53 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. P.46
54 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. P.53
55 Philip prowse. Bristol murder. P.70
56KenUchica. 2013. The Definition of Novel(pdf)www.academia.edu .pdf accessed on 06/11/2016 at
19:05 pm,
21

Peter and John had lunch in the cafe and afterwards went back to River Street 58.
(page 40)
3. Setting of society (Social Surrounding)
Direct to the problem which are related to the behavior of social life in certain
place and certain time in a novel. Social setting hasconnection with the system of social
life that contains many problems in complexscope, it can be, habits, costumes, religion,
ideology, and the way of thinking59.
4. Theme
a. Definition of Theme
Stanton have stated that theme is a meaning of story which especially explains a big
part of its elements in the simple way. It is more or less synonymous the main idea and
main purpose60.
Wilfred L. Guerin in his book explained that in determining a theme should require an
interpretation61. So in my opinion the theme is the underlying idea of a story.
Aplicationnovelet Bristol Murder :
After I read the novel bristol murder I can conclude that the theme of this story is to
find the real killer in the murder of bristol.why I can conclude this because this story
begins when Peter gave a lift to Jhon and here Jhon told him what happened, and when
they stopped at a cafe peter read the newspaper, and he saw John's name in the paper and
he was said to be the murderer of his uncle but peter doubt that John had killed his own
uncle and he then started helping jhon to find the real killer uncle jhon.
5. Point of view
In reading a story surely we often feel that we are engaged in the story.This is one of
the author's purpose in writing the novel.author always wanted his readers could feel what
was actually happening in the story
57Philip prowse.Bristol murder. Page 7
58Philip prowse.Bristol murder. Page 40
59KenUchica. 2013. The Definition of Novel(pdf)www.academia.edu .pdf accessed on 06/11/2016 at
19:05 pm,
60Burhan Nurgiyantoro.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi.Yogyakarta.Gadjah Mada University Press.2013.P 117
61Wilfred L. Guerin and Earle Labor. A Handbook of Critical Approaches Literature.New York.Oxford
University Press.1999.P 12
22

a. ( Abrams, 1999:231).Point of view shows the way a story is told. It is authors way that is
used as a means to present the story in a fiction to readers.
b. ( Bedic , 2001: 198 ) also explains that point of view is the angle position or where that is
advantageous to convey to the reader the events and stories that were observed and
profiled.
c. ( Stevick, 1967:89) suggested that the point of view is authots technique used to discover
and convey the meaning of his work to be up and connect with readers.62
according to my viewpoint is the way the author puts himself in the story or from the
point where the authors looked at the story.
Sharing of viewpoints will be presented below is based on the division that has been
common to use a lot of people :
a. Third - person point of view
In the viewpoint of the author is someone who is in the story Affairs figures show
both the characters by name or use the pronouns HE, SHE and THEY.
b. First person point of view
In a story that uses the first person perspective using the word I.
Here the narrator get involved in the story and the narrator also tells about the things he
knows or experienced.
c. Second person point of view
In a story that is rarely found from the beginning to the end of the story entirely in the
second person point of view. 63
AplicationNovelet Bristol Murder :
In the story of Bristol Murder author uses the third-person view. This proved the author
uses the word she,he and it.
In the story Briatol Murder
Mrs Jones was in the kitchen making breakfast. She had been up since five oclock64.
Peter got off and walked along the street to Universal TransportLtd. He went through the
gate and into the office65.
6. Irony
62Burhan Nurgiyayantoro. 2010. Teori pengkajian fiksi . Yogyakarta. Gadjah mada University press.
P. 338
63Ibid
64Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P.7
23

a. Defenition Of Irony
Utsumi (1996) defined presents a model that given a brief description of a situation
that involves one or more people identifies whether an utterance rendered by one of the
situation participants is ironic or not. Kumon-Nakamura, et al. (1995) introduce an
allusionalpretence explenation of irony, where an ironical utterance must not only be
pragmatically insincere (that is, a case not of saying but of making as if to say) but also
allude to a failed expectation or norm.66
According to Richard Taylor in his book Understanding the Elements of
Literature, Irony divided be : a contrast between what is said and the fact of the situation
(verbal irony), the actual situation and what ought or ought not to be (irony of situation),
and what is said or understood by a fictional character as opposed to what the far more
omniscient reader or audience knows and understands (dramatic irony). In every case
there is a contradiction, not only between various elements of the statement, but also
between the statement and an expectation derived directly from the context.67
So of expert opinions above I conclude irony is a figure of speech which stated
meanings contrary to reality
b. Type Of Irony
1. Verbal Irony : the contrast between what is said and what actually mean. Generally
used to allude something without having it directly. Verbal irony is the opposite from
what who say with the real situation.
In the story Bristol Murder there is the sentence
Yes, said Peter, I;ve seen hundreds of young men dressed like that this morning. It
could have been any of them68
Meaning from the sentence I;ve seen hundreds of young men dressed like that this
morning. It could have been any of them is not the real situation but he say only
parable.
65Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P.8
66Elena Filatova, Irony And Sarcasm: Corpus Generation And Analysis Using Crowdsourcing, From
Www.Fordham.Edu/Downloads/Id/3225/Vitalova-Irony And Sarcasm PdfOn 20 Sept 2016.
67Richard Taylor. Understanding The Elements Of Litarature. The Macmillan Press LTD. London And
Basingstoke. 1981. P 182.
68Philip Prowse. Bristol Murder.P.16
24

2. Situational Irony : This refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is actually
meant.
Situation irony is opposite from what who say with the real situation.
In the story Bristol Murder
A chair leg? replied Johnin surprise. I didint hit him with a chair leg. I hit him with
my hands69.
3. Dramatic irony : this occurs when the audience or reader knows more than the
charachters know.Dramatic irony is the reader more understand what actually
happens than character.
In the story Bristol Murder
Peter walked around to the back of the lorry and opened it for the policemen. They
look in. All they could see was a lot of boxes and in one corner, some old coats on the
floor70

7. Symbols
a. Defenition Of symbols
Symbols The word is derived from " symballein , which means

throw

together . From the Greek 'symbolon' and the Latin 'symbolum', which means the
sign.shaw argued that the symbol is something that is used for, or considered as
representing something else. More specifically, the symbol is a word, phrase, or
expressions that have meaning.Perrine stated that "literature is a symbol of something
that means more than objects, people, situations, actions that have a literal meaning in the
story, but it represents another meaning as well " . And Arthur Rimbaud declared that the
symbols used to express their thoughts71.Symbol is which happen in the story with use
symbol without expresion and utterance.
69Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.20
70Philip prowse.Bristol murder. P.17
71ElahehFadaee.symbol,
metaphors
similesinliterature.2010.http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379412793_Fadaee.pdf.accessed
06/11/2016 at 19:05 pm

25

and
on

AplicationIn the story from Bristol Murder

He was hitch-hiking and was holding out his hand to ask for a lift72
The meaning from the word hitch-hiking is someone who need a lift such as in the
sentence john hope he is get a lift from peters lorry.
C. Fiction of genre
1. Detective
Detective fiction is genre of writing where a detective works to solve a crime.the
audience is challenged to solve the clues provided before the detective reveals the answer
at the end of the novel.in beginningof the novel, a crime is introduced.often times ,it
seems like the perfect crime.the detective works to gather clues,and may at times seem
like he or she is making mistakes or may even seem inept.somenovels,the wrong person
is accused based on just a little evidence.eventually,the detective begins to piece to
together the crime and usually because of some unexpected event,the detective solves the
crime and finds the guilty culprit73.In the story of Bristol Murder the genre is detective,
because in the story tell about a man who was willing to help a child to find the truth who
had killed his uncle

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