Sunteți pe pagina 1din 252

!

"

!
#

&

XI.5.2.1
XI.5.2.2

"

,2"+/2+"% '( 0#,


+34"#$"%&% '(
+34"#$"%&% '(
+34"#$"%&% '(
+34"#$"%&% '(

XI.5.4.1
XI.5.4.2
XI.5.4.3
XI.5.4.4
XI.5.4.5

##

&

&

8
!

"#$"%&%, 4%"% (0 %.(9


# '( :0#"% 1 :%+.%
%.(9
# '( +(./%,
(,/%2( '( :0#"%
'+/%/)-. &3)(.2%0 (/+",# :0#"%
(,/%2( '( :%+.%

&

&

/ '

XI.5.7.1
XI.5.7.2

!
!
!8

&

8
8

0(
12

$+%, (,)'+%0(, #&=,2)/%, '(0 %&4%&(.2#


%.(9
# '( $+%, (,)'+%0(, .'+,2")%0(, '(0 )2)# '(

+(

%.(9
# '( 0% %2(")% ($(2%0 (2)"%'% '(0 &3%0,(
%.(9
# '( (,(/<#, -0)'#, '(0 %&4%&(.2# 1 3"%

XI.5.6.1
XI.5.6.2

#2

)!

%.(9
# '( )2)#, ";+(#0-$)/#, '(.2)*)/%'#,
#"&%, '( "#2(//)-. 4%"% %/)&)(.2#, ";+(#0-$)/#, 1 )(.(, +02+"%0(,
(')'%, '( "#2(//)-. '(0 %2")&#.)# ";+(#0-$)/#
(')'%, +02+"%0(,
0%. '( )2)$%/)#. 1 #&4(.,%/)-. '( %2")&#.)# +02+"%0

XI.5.5.1
XI.5.5.2

XI.5.8.1
XI.5.8.2
XI.5.8.3

'

,/+(0%, 1 (&40#,
"#$"%&% '( (9
#"%, '( .*"%(,2"+/2+"% %.)2%")%

XI.5.3.1
XI.5.3.2
XI.5.3.3
XI.5.3.4
XI.5.3.5

#(

"

#
!
(

"#$"%&% '( )*+,)-. ( .*#"&%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2#


"#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% #30%/)-. (,40%5%'%
0%. '( (0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, .6#0+/"%'#,
"#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/#

#+

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%" &'

"
$

XI.5.1.1
XI.5.1.2
XI.5.1.3
XI.5.1.4

'

3"%

%.(9
# '( #&3+,2)30(, (")6%'#, '( (2"-0(#
%'("% /#&# %2(")%0 '( #.,2"+//)-.

#.2"#0 '( &),)#.(, '(,'( :+(.2(, :)9


%,
#.2"#0 '( &),)#.(, :+$)2)6%, %0 )"(
&),)#.(, '(,'( :+(.2(, -6)0(,

!
XI.5.8.4

#0

)2)$%/)-. '( &),)#.(, '( +)'#

XI.5.9.1
XI.5.9.2

# 1

"

"

#""(/2%, ">/2)/%, '( #.,2"+//)-.


,2%3)0)5%'#"(, (/>.)/#,

XI.5.10.1
XI.5.10.2
XI.5.10.3

&

%.2("%,? (;+),)2#, 1 ("&),#, &3)(.2%0(,


(')'%, (.("%0(, '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
"#/(')&)(.2#, 4%"% (0 3%.'#.# '( @"(%, '(

%2(")%0(, '( "=,2%&#

8
+

XI.6.1.1
XI.6.1.2
XI.6.1.3
XI.6.1.4
XI.6.1.5
XI.6.1.6

&)

&

)-

0
0

,2%3)0)5%'#"(, )#0-$)/#,

'

#.6(.)# '( %0+'


(/#&(.'%/)#.(, 4%"% "(6(.)" (0 ./"(&(.2# '( (/2#"(,
.2"#'+//)-. '( (/(, 4%"% (0 #.2"#0 '( (/2#"(,

++

(
(

*
%

&

XI.7.2.1
XI.7.2.2
XI.7.2.3

)' $
$

#.)2#"(# '( 0% %0)'%' '(0 7# %3% 1


#.)2#"(# $+%, "")3% '(0 &3%0,(
#.)2#"(# $+%, 3%9
# '(0 &3%0,(

XI.7.3.1

XI.7.8.1

'

4#"2%.2(, '(0 &3%0,(

39
(2)6#,

%
%
%
%
%

): 4

#2
8
+1
+

(
(#
(+
((
(2

8
!
!

XI.6.5.1
XI.6.5.2
XI.6.5.3

39
(2)6#, '(0 "#$"%&%
#.2"#0 '( %0(5%, 1 )%.#3%/2(")%, "(6)# %0 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(
#.2"#0 '( 0%, %0(5%, 1 )%.#3%/2(")%, #,2(")#" %0 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(
=2#'#, '( #.2"#0 '( %0(5% /+>2)/%
"#/(,# '( (0(//)-. '(0 =2#'# '( #.2"#0 '( %0(5%, /+>2)/%,

XI.6.4.2

+#

'#4/)-. '( +. =$)&(. '( %+'%0(, /#0-$)/#,


%0)'%' '(0 $+%
$+%, (,)'+%0(, (.("%'%, (. (0 "(% '(0 &3%0,(
.2"#'+//)-. '( (/(, (. (0 &3%0,(
./(.2)6# '( /2)6)'%'(, '( ),/)/+02+"% 1 (4#30%&)(.2# '(0 7# %3%
(+3)/%/)-. 1 #.)2#"(# '( ,4(/)(, )06(,2"(,

XI.6.2.1
XI.6.2.2
XI.6.2.3
XI.6.2.4
XI.6.2.5

+
+

&

!
(

8
8!
8

(1
!

)%
,
,;
<

.
)
%

(,/")4/)-. '( ,2%/)-.

$
(2(#"#0-$)/%

(
(+
(0
2
2

!
(0
( 1

%
%

!
/
*;

XI.7.10.1
XI.7.10.2
XI.7.10.3

XI.8.4.1
XI.8.4.2
XI.8.4.3

2+

)!

01
01

$
$

&

"

'

.*#;+( '(0 0%.


(,4#.,%3)0)'%' 4#" (0 #.)2#"(# 1 6%0+%/)-. '( 0#, 0%.(, 1 "#$"%&%,
A(""%&)(.2%, 4%"% (0 #.)2#"(#
.')/%'#"(, '(0 "#$"%&% '( )*+,)-. ( .*#"&%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2#
.')/%'#"(, '(0 "#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% #30%/)-. (540%5%'%
.')/%'#"(, '(0 "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/#

'$

8
8
!

02
+')2#")%,
+')2#")%,

&3)(.2%0(, .2(".%,
&3)(.2%0(, B2(".%,

3 & 4

)* " ;

39
(2)6#, (.("%0(,
39
(2)6#, (,4(/7*)/#,

*
*

1
1
1

$
4
"+4#, '( (,4+(,2%
#&)2= '( "),),
##"').%/)-. .2(").,2)2+/)#.%0

2#
XI.8.5.1
XI.8.5.2
XI.8.5.3
XI.8.5.4

22

7
.

XI.8.1.1
XI.8.1.2

2
2
2

!
!
!

:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.


:%,( '( 4("%/)-.

XI.7.15.1
XI.7.15.2

2+
2+

; $

,$
%

XI.7.14.1
XI.7.14.2
XI.7.14.3
XI.7.14.4
XI.7.14.5
XI.7.14.6

( #

(2#'#0#$7%
:"(/+(./)% '( #.)2#"(#
#,2# '( #.)2#"(#

XI.7.13.1
XI.7.13.2

$+%, (,)'+%0(, .'+,2")%0(,


$+%, (,)'+%0(, #&=,2)/%,
$+%, "),(,

XI.7.11.1
XI.7.11.2
XI.7.11.3

(
(

"
.

8
8

1(

(,0)5%&)(.2#, ( .(,2%3)0)'%' '( %0+'(,


(""%&(, '( #&3+,2)30(, 1 +,2%./)%, (0)$"#,%,
//)'(.2(, /#. %;+).%")% 1 ;+)4#,
A%00%5$#, ";+(#0-$)/#,

"

* ;

3"

)%

XI.8.6.1
39
(2)6#
XI.8.6.2
A#9
% '( .*#"&%/)-. >,)/% '( 0% (.2"%0 A)'"#(0=/2")/% %3% 1 ,+ @"(% '(
.*0+(./)%
XI.8.6.3
"#/(')&)(.2# >,)/# (. %,# '( &("$(./)%,
XI.8.6.4
)&+0%/"#, /#. "%3%9
%'#"(, 1 #.2"%2),2%,
XI.8.6.5
#2)*)/%/)-. %.2( &("$(./)%

8
!

!
0
0
0
0
0#

"
3 & 4

)
$
)
/4
'$

*
,

1
1
1
1
1#
1+

3 & 4
4
!;
"
5
=
$
$
,
:

2
0
0
0
1

!
>

3 & 4
3 & 4 *" ;

#
#
#
+
!
(
2
2
0
0
1

* "
3 & 4
#
+
(
XI.12.7.1
XI.12.7.2
XI.12.7.3
XI.12.7.4

2
XI.12.8.1
XI.12.8.2
XI.12.8.3

5"
5

!
"

(*).)/)-. '( 0%, (2%, 1 39


(2)6#,
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, ,4(/2#, '( %1#" .2("=,
(/#0(//)-. 1 6%0+%/)-. '( .*#"&%/)-.
#&% '( 0% (/),)-.

39
(2)6#,
/2)6)'%'(,
,2+')#, &3)(.2%0(, 4%"% (0

0
3%.'#.#

:
:

8
!
:
E
:
F

:
F

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
!
!
!
!
!

8
!
D

:
J

@
:

?
:

::

!
!

G
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

!
8
8
8
8
88
88
88
8
8
8
8
8
8
!
!
!
!
!
!

:
:

:
:

:
8
H
@

@
@

F
D:

:
D

:
:
K
:
J

F D

L
E

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"

0 0%. '( %.(9


# &3)(.2%0 (, +. ).,2"+&(.2# '( $(,2)-. '(,2).%'# %
4"#6((" '( +. /#.9
+.2# '( 4"#$"%&%,J 4"#/(')&)(.2#,J 4">/2)/%, 1 %//)#.(,J
#")(.2%'#, % 4"(6(.)"J (0)&).%"J &).)&)5%"J /#.2"#0%" 1 /#&4(.,%" 0#,
)&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, ;+( (0 "#1(/2# ).'+/)"> (. (0 (.2#".#
,7&),&#J (0
40%. 4"#4#.( &%B)&)5%" %;+(00#, %,4(/2#, 4#,)2)6#, '(0 "#1(/2#
0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0 '(3("> ,(" (.2(.')'# /#&# +.% <(""%&)(.2%
').>&)/%J 1 4#" 0# 2%.2# 6%")%30( (. (0 2)(&4#J (0 /+%0 '(3("> ,(" %/2+%0)5%'# 1
&(9
#"%'# (. 0% &(')'% ;+( 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 1 4">/2)/%, ,( 6%1%.
)&40(&(.2%.'#J 0% ,)$.)*)/%./)% '( 0#, )&4%/2#, 4"(6),2#, /%&3)(.J ,(
&#')*);+( ,+,2%./)%0&(.2( (0 4"#1(/2# # (0 (.2#".# '( 0% #3"% '(
).*"%(,2"+/2+"% ')*)("% '( 0# 4"(6),2# ).)/)%0&(.2( #" 2%0 &#2)6#J (0 4"#&#2#"
'(0 4"#1(/2#J (0 /#.,2"+/2#" 1 (0 #4("%'#" '(3(">. &%.2(.(" +. /#&4"#&),#
<%/)% (0 &(9
#"%&)(.2# /#.2).+# '( 0#, %,4(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1
,+, #4("%/)#.(,
"%
)

$ !*

0 4"(,(.2( 0%. '( %.(9


# &3)(.2%0 '(0 "#1(/2#
<% '(,%""#00%'# 3%,%'# (. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, #39
(2)6#,?

+02)4"#4-,)2#

J ,(

,($+"%" (0 /+&40)&)(.2#J 4#" 4%"2( '(0 "#1(/2#J /#. 0%, 0(1(,J


"($0%&(.2#, 1 .#"&%, %&3)(.2%0(, 6)$(.2(, (. (0 /+%'#"
"(6(.)"J /#.2"#0%"J &).)&)5%"J &)2)$%" 1 /#&4(.,%" 0#, )&4%/2#,
%&3)(.2%0(, .($%2)6#, ;+( 0%, ')*("(.2(, *%,(, '(0 "#1(/2# 4+('%.
$(.("%"
"(6(.)"J /#.2"#0%"J &).)&)5%"J &)2)$%" 1 /#&4(.,%" 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#/)%0(,
.($%2)6#,J %,7/#&# "(,%02%" # 4"#&#6(" %;+(00#, )&4%/2#, 4#,)2)6#, (. (0
>&3)2# ,#/)#(/#.-&)/# 1 2(/.#0-$)/#J (. 0% 3O,;+('% '( +.% "(0%/)-.
%"&-.)/% /#. 0% /#&+.)'%'

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"%
+
0 4"(,(.2( 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0 K
K /#.,2)2+1( +. /#.9
+.2# '(
40%.(,J 4"#$"%&%,J 4"#/(')&)(.2#,J 4">/2)/%, 1 %//)#.(, ;+( (0 4"#4)(2%")#J (0
/#.,2"+/2#" 1 (0 #4("%'#" '(3(">. )&40(&(.2%" 4%"% 4"(6(.)"J (0)&).%"J
&).)&)5%"J /#.2"#0%" 1 /#&4(.,%" 0#, )&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, ;+( (0 "#1(/2#
).'+/)"> (. (0 (.2#".#
,7 &),&#J (0 40%. 4"#4#.( &%B)&)5%" %;+(00#,
%,4(/2#, 4#,)2)6#, '(0 "#1(/2#
. ,+ *#"&% $(.("%0J (0
/#&4"(.'(
4"#$"%&%, '( $(,2)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 ,#/)%0 4%"% 0% 2%4% '( #.,2"+//)-. '(0
"#1(/2# +02)4"#4#,)2#
'(&>,J ,( )./0+1(. 4"#$"%&%, '( &%.(9
#
,#/)%0 1 %&3)(.2%0 %40)/%30(, 4%"% 0% 2%4% '( 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,( 1
*).%0&(.2( 4%"% 0% 2%4% '( 4("%/)-. 1 3%.'#.# '( 0% #3"%
, '( "(,%02%" ;+( (,2( 40%. 4"(,(.2% 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"%
(,2+')#, 4#,2(")#"(, '( '(2("&).%'%, &(')'%, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0
.
(9
(&40# '( (,2# (, (0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# (*).)2)6# 4%"% 0% 4#30%/)-. %
,(" '(,40%5%'% 4#" (0 (&4"(.')&)(.2# '( 0% #3"% 1 +. 4"#$"%&% '(
/#&4(.,%/)#.(, '(,2).%'# % )&4+0,%" (0 '(,%""#00# ,#/)%0 '(0 (.2#".# ,7J (0
"#$"%&% '( /#&4(.,%/)#.(, 4"#4#.( 0% &(9
#"% '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% ,%.)2%")%
(. %2")/)% )0%" 1 +(.% := &(')%.2( (0 %.>0),), '( +.% 4"#4+(,2% 4%"% (0
&%.(9
# ).2($"%0 '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, (. %2")/)% )0%"J (,2# /#. (0 #39
(2# '(
&)2)$%" 0#, (*(/2#, ;+( 0% %+,(./)% '( ,%.(%&)(.2# %&3)(.2%0 (. (,2%
%""#;+)% 4#'"7%. #/%,)#.%" (. 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(
%"% (0 /%,# '( 0%
"
" ) J 0%, &(')'%, '( &%.(9
#
%&3)(.2%0 )./0+1(. 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 1 %//)#.(, (,4(/7*)/#, % ,(" (9
(/+2%'#, 4#"
(0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2#J % 2"%6=, '( 0% (&4"(,% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"%
0
)./0+1(J (.2"( #2"#,J +. 4"#$"%&% '( &%.(9
# '( '(,(/<#, '(
/%&4%&(.2#J '( &%.(9
# '( (*0+(.2(, '( #")$(. ).'+,2")%0 K 0%.2% '(
A#"&)$-.J &(')'%, '( 4"(6(./)-. '( /#.2%&).%/)-. '( ,+(0#, 1 /+("4#, '(
%$+%J 1 &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. 4%"% (&),)#.(, %0 %)"(J .)6(0(, '( "+)'#
#&# 4%"2( ).2($"%0 '(0 &%.(9
# '( 0% (2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-.J (0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0
4"#1(/2# (. /#.9
+.2# /#. 0% (&4"(,% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"%J '(3(">.
)&40(&(.2%" +. 4"#$"%&% '( "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/# 1 /+02+"%0J '(,2).%'# %
4"(,("6%" 0#, 3)(.(, %./(,2"%0(, '( 0% .%/)-. ;+( ,( 0#/%0)5%"(. (. (0 ,)2)# '(0
4"#1(/2#
0 4"#$"%&% '( "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/#J 4%"2( '(0
J )./0+1( +.%
'(,/")4/)-. '( 2"%3%9
#, /#./"(2#, % "(%0)5%",(J /#. 40%5#, 1 4"(,+4+(,2#,
(,2)&%'#, %&3)=. ,( )./0+1(. 0%, 07.(%, '( %//)-. 1 (0 (.*#;+( 4%"% 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/# :).%0&(.2( ,(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

)./0+1(. 4"#$"%&%, '( &#.)2#"(#J ,($+)&)(.2# 1 %+')2#"7% %&3)(.2%0 4%"%


(,2% (2%4% '(0 4"#1(/2#
% " " 4
/#.00(6% 0% %40)/%/)-. '( +. 4"#$"%&% '(
&(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. 1 /#&4(.,%/)-.
( )'(.2)*)/%. 4"#$"%&%, '(
/#&4(.,%/)-. ;+( )./0+1(. 0% 4"#6),)-. '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% '( ,("6)/)#,
3>,)/#, 1 '( ,%0+' 4%"% 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, %*(/2%'%, 4#" 0% /"(%/)-. '(0
(&3%0,(
'(&>,J (0
)./0+1( +. 4"#$"%&% '( /#&4(.,%/)-. 4#"
4="')'% '( 2)(""%, % 0#, 4"#4)(2%")#, ,)2+%'#, (. >"(%, % ).+.'%",( 0 %0/%./(
'( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, %;+7 '(,%""#00%'#, )./0+1( %/2)6)'%'(, (,4(/7*)/%,J ,).
(&3%"$# (. %0$+.#, /%,#,J =,2%, '(3(">. ,(" (,2+')%'%, % &%1#" .)6(0 '(
'(2%00( 4#" 4%"2( '(0 (9
(/+2%.2( '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%,
:).%0&(.2(J 0%
"
"
" )
/#&4"(.'(J (.2"( #2"#,J
4"#$"%&%, '( &%.(9
# '( '(,(/<#, '( 0% (.2"%0 A)'"#(0=/2")/% %3%J '(
&%.(9
# '( '(,(/<#, '( &%.2(.)&)(.2# '(0 (&3%0,(J 1 &(')'%, '( &%.(9
#
,#/)%0J (.2"( 0%, ;+( ,( '(,2%/% +. 4"#$"%&% '( ,%0+' (.*#/%'# <%/)% &(')'%,
4"(6(.2)6%, 1 '( &)2)$%/)-. 4%"% (.*("&('%'(, %,#/)%'%, /#. (&3%0,(, '(
%$+%
0
)./0+1( +. 4"#$"%&% '( &%.(9
# '(0 (&3%0,( 1 '( 0%,
,+3/+(./%, '( 0#, 7#, %3% 1 #%/<)J ;+( )./0+1( &(')'%, '( "(*#"(,2%/)-.J
&#.)2#"(# '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%J /%+'%0 (/#0-$)/# (. 0% '(,/%"$%J (2/
:).%0&(.2( ,( )./0+1(. 4"#$"%&%, '( &#.)2#"(#J ,($+)&)(.2# 1 %+')2#"7%
%&3)(.2%0 4%"% (,2% (2%4% '(0 4"#1(/2#
, '( "(,%02%" ;+( 0%, &(')'%, ;+( "(;+)("%. '( (,2+')#, 2=/.)/#, %')/)#.%0(,
'(3(">. (,2%" (./+%'"%'%, (. (0 0%. .2($"%0 '( (,2)-. #/)%0 1 &3)(.2%0
K
K /#. ;+( /+(.2% 0% #&),)-. '( ,2+')#, 4%"% 0% +(./% '(0 7#
+%1%, K
EKJ /#"4#"%/)-. "(,4#.,%30( '(0 &%.(9
# '( 0% +(./% '(0 7#
+%1%,
" %,

-!./ !/.

% ,)$+)(.2( (, 0% (,2"+/2+"% 4"#4+(,2% 4%"% (0


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
(,2)-.

&3)(.2%0

2%4% '( #.,2"+//)-. 1 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

0%. '(

!
%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0J

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

2%4% '(
o
o
o
o
o
o
0%. '(

"#$"%&% '( %.(9


# '( 0#, &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#,
"#$"%&% '( #&4(.,%/)-. 4#" .*"%(,2"+/2+"% 1 )(.(,
O30)/#,
"#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( (/+",#, )#0-$)/#,
"#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( (/+",#, ";+(#0-$)/#, 1 +02+"%0(,
"#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( (,(/<#, -0)'#,
%.(9
# '( $+%, (,)'+%0(,
%.(9
# '( .,+&#, (. )2)# '( 3"%
(')'%, '( )2)$%/)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( &),)#.(, %0 )"(
(')'%, '( "(6(./)-. '( &4%/2#, 4#" .(,2%3)0)'%' '(
%0+'(,
(')'%, '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0 '( @"(%, '( %2(")%0(, '(
"=,2%&#
4("%/)-.
%.(9
# '(0 &3%0,(
%.(9
# 1 #.2"#0 '( 0% %0(5% /+>2)/% 1 )%.#3%/2(")%,
%.(9
# '( 0% #&+.)'%' 0%./2-.)/% 1 (.2-.)/%
#.2"#0 '( "#,)-.
(')'%, '( )2)$%/)-. /#. (0%/)-. % %0+' O30)/%
%.(9
# '( (/+",#, +"7,2)/#,
#.)2#"(# #/)# %&3)(.2%0

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

#.)2#"(# '( %0)'%' '(0 $+%


#.)2#"(# '( %0)'%' '( $+%, +32("">.(%, 1 )6(0 :"(>2)/#
#.)2#"(# '( 0% #&+.)'%' 0%./2-.)/% 1 (.2-.)/%
#.)2#"(# '( #.2"#0 '( %0(5%, /+>2)/%,
#.)2#"(# '( (/+",# (,;+("#
#.)2#"(# '( 0% (*#"(,2%/)-. 1 :0#"%
#.)2#"(# '( %")%30(, (2(#"#0-$)/%,
#.)2#"(# '( (,(/<#, '( %&4%&(.2# 1 '( 3"%
#.)2#"(# '( *0+(.2(, 7;+)'#,
#.)2#"(# (#&#"*#0-$)/#
#.)2#"(# ";+(#0-$)/#
#.)2#"(# '(0 "#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( &4%/2#,
#/)#(/#.-&)/#,

0%. '( (0%/)#.(, #&+.)2%")%,


*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0%. '( #.2).$(./)%,


0%. '( ($+")'%' .'+,2")%0 1 %3#"%0
0%. '(

3%.'#.#

" %0

1 -!

. 2#'% #"$%.)5%/)-. 0% $(,2)-. %&3)(.2%0 '(3( /#.,)'("%",( /#&# 4%"2(


).2($"%0 '( 0% *+./)-. %'&).),2"%2)6% $(.("%0J 1 0#, %,4(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(,
/#&# +.% 6%")%30( /"72)/% '(0 .($#/)#
. ,),2(&% '( $(,2)-. %&3)(.2%0
4("&)2( &).)&)5%" 0#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)%0(, ,)$.)*)/%2)6#,J (6)2%"
/(.,+"%, 4O30)/%, 4#" "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' %.2( (6(.2#, %&3)(.2%0(,J %,7/#&#
"(,4#.'(" #4#"2+.%&(.2( % 0%, 4"(#/+4%/)#.(, '( 0%, 4%"2(, ).2("(,%'%,1
( (.2)(.'( 4#" ,),2(&% '( $(,2)-. %&3)(.2%0 M
N % %;+(00% 4%"2( '(0
,),2(&% '( $(,2)-. $0#3%0 '( +.% #"$%.)5%/)-.J ;+( )./0+1( 0% (,2"+/2+"%
#"$%.)5%2)6%J 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( 40%.)*)/%/)-.J 0%, "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(,J 0%,
4">/2)/%,J 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#,J 0#, 4"#/(,#, 1 0#, "(/+",#, 4%"% '(,%""#00%"J
)&40(&(.2%"J "(%0)5%"J "(6),%" 1 &%.2(.(" 0% 4#072)/% %&3)(.2%0 '( +.%
(&4"(,% # .($#/)# M #"&%
?
8N
% %'#4/)-. '( +.
*%/)0)2% % +.% #"$%.)5%/)-. *#"&+0%" ,+ 4#072)/% 1
#39
(2)6#, %&3)(.2%0(, /#.,)'("%.'# 0#, "(;+),)2#, 0($%0(, 1 0% ).*#"&%/)-.
"(0%2)6% % 0#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(,2 ,)$.)*)/%2)6#,
;+( $(.("%. 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, '( 0% (&4"(,%
0
'(3( ,(" '),(P%'# 4%"% %'&).),2"%"
%;+(00#, %,4(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, /#.,)'("%'#, /#&# ,)$.)*)/%2)6#,3 '( &%.("%
2%0 ;+( =,2#, 4+('%. ,(" 4"(6),2#, 1 /#.2"#0%'#,J /#. (0 "(,4%0'# '( %+')2#")%,
4(")-')/%, ;+( 2"%.,&)2%. 0% ).*#"&%/)-. % 0#, .)6(0(, ')"(/2)6#, 1 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '( %//)#.(, /#""(/2)6%,

%"2( .2("(,%'%? .')6)'+# # $"+4# '( ).')6)'+#, ).6#0+/"%'#, /#. (0 '(,(&4(P# %&3)(.2%0 '( +.%
#"$%.)5%/)-. # %*(/2%'#, 4#" ')/<# '(,(&4(P# %&3)(.2%0 M #"&%
?
8N
2
&4%/2# &3)(.2%0? +%0;+)(" /%&3)# (. (0 &(')# %&3)(.2(J ,(% %'6(",# # 3(.(*)/)#,#J 2#2%0 # 4%"/)%0J
"(,+02%.2( '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,J 4"#'+/2#, # ,("6)/)#, '( +.% #"$%.)5%/)-. M #"&%
?
8N
3
,4(/2# &3)(.2%0? 0(&(.2# '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,J 4"#'+/2#, # ,("6)/)#, '( +.% #"$%.)5%/)-. ;+(
4+('( ).2("%/2+%" /#. (0 &(')# %&3)(.2(
. %,4(/2# %&3)(.2%0 ,)$.)*)/%2)6# (, +. %,4(/2# %&3)(.2%0
;+( 2)(.( # 4+('( 2(.(" +. )&4%/2# %&3)(.2%0 ,)$.)*)/%2)6#M #"&%
?
8N
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#&# 4%"2( '( 0% $(,2)-. %&3)(.2%0 '(0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0


"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J (,2( ,( %,($+"%"> ;+( ,( (,2%30(5/% 4#" 4%"2( '(0
:)'()/#&),# # 0% (.2)'%' ;+( (,2( '(,)$.( 4%"% $(,2)#.%" (0 4"#1(/2#J +.%
(,2"+/2+"% #"$%.)5%/)#.%0 /#. 07.(%, /0%"%, '( "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' "(*("(.2( % 0#,
')6(",#, %,4(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)#/+02+"%0(, '( 0%, (2%4%, '( #.,2"+//)-.
'( 0% (.2"%0 A)'"#(0=/2")/% %3% 1 '(0 0(.%'# 1 4("%/)-. '(0 &3%0,( (
%,)$.%">. 1 (,2%30(/(">. 0#, *0+9
#, '( ).*#"&%/)-. 1 0%, "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(,
%&3)(.2%0(, '( /%'% '(4%"2%&(.2#J ,(//)-. # ,(/2#" '( 0% (&4"(,%J
)./0+1(.'# 0% /##"').%/)-. /#. 0%, /#.2"%2),2%, K #.,2"+/2#"% '( 3"% 1
4("%'#"% '( 0% (.2"%0K 0 ),2(&% '(3( %,($+"%" ;+( 0% 4#072)/% %&3)(.2%0
;+( %'#42( (0 4"#4)(2%")# (, (.2(.')'% 1 %,+&)'% 4#" 2#'#, 0#, &)(&3"#, '(
0% #"$%.)5%/)-. %,7/#&# % ,+, /#.2"%2),2%,J 4"#6(('#"(, 1 4"(,2%2%")#, '(
,("6)/)#,
" %0%)

0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2#J # 0% (.2)'%' ;+( (,2% '(,)$.( 4%"% $(,2)#.%" (0


4"#1(/2#J *#"&+0%"> +.% 4#072)/% '( 4"#2(//)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 &%.(9
# ,#/)%0 (.
,+, ')*("(.2(, #4("%/)#.(,J 4")./)4%0&(.2( 4%"% (0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#, ,)$+)(.2(, ,#. 4")./)4)#, 3>,)/#, ;+( /#.*#"&%">. 0% 4#072)/%
,#/)# %&3)(.2%0 '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. (. ,+ 6(",)-. '(*).)2)6%?
+&40)" /#. 0%, 0(1(, 1 "($0%&(.2%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, '(0 4%7,
(,%""#00%" 0%, (2%4%, '( /#.,2"+//)-.J #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
/#.,)'("%.'# 0% 4"(6(./)-.J &)2)$%/)-.J /#.2"#0 1 /#&4(.,%/)-. '( 0#,
)&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)%0(, 4"(6),2#,J 1 "(%05%.'# 0#, (*(/2#,
4#,)2)6#, ;+( (0 4"#1(/2# $(.("%">
2#"$%" (,4(/)%0 =.*%,), %0 '(,%""#00# 1 3)(.(,2%" /#&+.)2%")# '( 0%,
>"(%, '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
J (,4(/)%0&(.2(
'( 0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'% 4#" 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( 1 %$+%,
%3%9
# (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2%
% 4#072)/% %&3)(.2%0 1 ,#/)%0 '(3("> ,(" ')*+.')'% % 2#'# (0 4(",#.%0 '( 0%
#"$%.)5%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %0%+

%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. 1 ,($+)&)(.2# '(0 ),2(&% '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0J ,(


/#.,)'("% .(/(,%")% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. #&)2= '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0
M
N
#.,)'("%.'# 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,+, ')*("(.2(, (2%4%,J
%,7/#&# 0% .%2+"%0(5% '( 0%, &(')'%, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 %40)/%30(, % /%'%
(2%4%J ,( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( (0
,(% /#.*#"&%'# 4#" '#, .)6(0(,J (0 )6(0
("(./)%0 1 (0 )6(0 4("%2)6# #, .)6(0(, '(0
,( ')*("(./)%. (.2"( ,7
4#" ,+ /%4%/)'%' (. 0% 2#&% '( '(/),)#.(, '(.2"# '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-.
0 )6(0 ("(./)%0 '(0
(,2> /#.*#"&%'# 4#" 0% &>B)&% %+2#")'%' '( 0%
(.2)'%' 4"#4)(2%")% '(0 4"#1(/2# # '( 0% (.2)'%' ;+( =,2% '(,)$.( 4%"%
$(,2)#.%" (0 4"#1(/2#J (0 ("(.2( '( "#2(//)-. &3)(.2%0J ,(,#" ($%0 1
,(,#" /#.-&)/# 0 )6(0 ("(./)%0 ,("> (0 (./%"$%'# '( ')/2%" 0%, 4#072)/%,
1 (,2%30(/(" 0#, #39
(2)6#, ,#/)#%&3)(.2%0(, '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-.
0 )6(0 4("%2)6# '(0
(,2%"> /#.*#"&%'# 4#" (0 ("(.2( '( "#2(//)-.
&3)(.2%0 1 0#, &%.'#, #4("%2)6#, ;+( ,( '(,)$.(. 4%"% 0%, ')*("(.2(, (2%4%,
'(0 4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/#
0 )6(0 4("%2)6# ,( (./%"$%"> '( 6)%3)0)5%" (0
/+&40)&)(.2# '(0 40%. '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0J 0%, ')"(/2")/(, (,2%30(/)'%, 4#"
0%, 4#072)/%, 1 0#, #39
(2)6#, ,#/)# %&3)(.2%0(, '(,%""#00%'#, 4#" (0 )6(0
("(./)%0
0 ##"').%'#" '( %&3#, .)6(0(, '(0
"#2(//)-. &3)(.2%0
" %0%,

%, *+./)#.(, '( 0%

1
("(./)% '( "#2(//)-.

&40(&(.2%" 0%, "(,#0+/)#.(, '(0

,("> (.2#./(, (0

("(.2( '(

3
&3)(.2%0 '(3(">. ,("?
(. ,+, '#, .)6(0(,

),(P%" 0% 4#072)/% %&3)(.2%0 '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. 1 4"(,(.2%"0% 4%"%


%4"#3%/)-. '(0 )6(0 ("(./)%0 '(0
(0%" 4#";+( 0#, #39
(2)6#, 1 &(2%, '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. "(,4#.'%. % 0%
4#072)/% %&3)(.2%0 1 ,#/)%0 '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%.2(.(" % 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. %/2+%0)5%'% ,#3"( /%&3)#, (. 0%, 0(1(,J


"($0%&(.2#,J #"'(.%.5%, 1 .#"&%, %&3)(.2%0(, '(0
/+%'#" 1
/#&+.)/%" =,2#, % 0%, +.)'%'(, "(,4#.,%30(,
4"#3%"J %/2+%0)5%" 1 6(")*)/%" (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '(0
&3)(.2%0

0%. '(

%.(9
#

,2%30(/("J (. /#./#"'%./)% /#. (0 #"$%.)$"%&% '( 0% (&4"(,%J 0%,


*+./)#.(, '( 0#, (&40(%'#, 1 /#.2"%2),2%,J 0%, 07.(%, '( %+2#")'%'J '(
"(4#"2( 1 '( "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' "(,4(/2# %0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
#.6#/%" "(+.)#.(, 4(")-')/%, /#. 0#, .)6(0(, '(0
J %0 &(.#,
J 4%"% "(%0)5%" +. ,($+)&)(.2# %0 0%. '(
%.(9
#
&3)(.2%0 1 2#&%" &(')'%, /#""(/2)6%,J /#. =.*%,), (. 0% 4"(6(./)-.
)")&)" /#.*0)/2#, '( %+2#")'%' # "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' /#. "(,4(/2# %0 0%.
'( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
(,2)#.%" %.2( 0% &>B)&% %+2#")'%' '( 0% (.2)'%' 1 0% ("(./)%
:).%./)("% (0 4"(,+4+(,2# %.+%0 4%"% )&40(&(.2%" (0 40%. '( &%.(9
#
%&3)(.2%0
%.2(.(" 0#, "($),2"#, '( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0#, 40%.(, 1 4"#$"%&%,
(,2%30(/)'#, (. (0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
" %0%
0
%, ')"(/2")/(, %&3)(.2%0(, 4")./)4%0(, ;+( (0 4"#4)(2%")# # 0% (.2)'%'
'(,)$.%'% 4#" =,2(J (,2%30(/("> ,#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,?
,2+')#, &3)(.2%0(,
(,%""#00%" 0#, (,2+')#, %&3)(.2%0(, .(/(,%")#, 4%"%
%;+(00#, 4"#1(/2#, + #3"%, %.(B%, % )&40(&(.2%",(J # 4%"% &#')*)/%/)#.(,
&%1#"(, '( 0%, #3"%, #")$).%0&(.2( 4"(6),2%,
,7 4#" (9
(&40#J 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, '( (B2"%//)-. '( &%2(")%0(, '( 4"=,2%&# K 2%4% '( #.,2"+//)-.K
# '( +. 4#,)30( )./"(&(.2# (. 0% /%4%/)'%' '( $(.("%/)-. <)'"#(0=/2")/% K
2%4% '( 4("%/)-.K "(;+(")">. (,2+')#, %&3)(.2%0(, '( %/+("'# % 0%,
"($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, 6)$(.2(,
'(&>,J 0% (&4"(,% "(%0)5%"> %+')2#"7%,
%&3)(.2%0(, 4(")-')/%, '+"%.2( 0%, '#, (2%4%, '(0 4"#1(/2# M/#.,2"+//)-. 1
#4("%/)-.N
. %,4(/2# '( (,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. ,(">. 0%, %+')2#"7%, '(
6(")*)/%/)-. '( /+&40)&)(.2# /#. (0
0%. '(
(%,(.2%&)(.2# 1
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#&4(.,%/)-. % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, % ,(" '(,40%5%'%, (. (0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,(J


%,7/#&# %+')2#"7%, '( /+&40)&)(.2# /#. (0
4#" 4%"2( '( 0% (&4"(,%
/#.,2"+/2#"% '( 0% #3"%
. 2#'#, 0#, /%,#,J (0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2#
/#&+.)/%"> 0#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0%, %+')2#"7%, %.2( 0% %+2#")'%' %&3)(.2%0
/#&4(2(.2(
6%0+%/)-. '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 .2(".%
&40(&(.2%" 4"#/(')&)(.2#,
).2(".#, '( (6%0+%/)-. /#.2).+% '(0 '(,(&4(P# '( ,+ 0%. '(
%.(9
#
&3)(.2%0
,2( 4"#/(,# '( (6%0+%/)-. '(2("&).%"> 0%, %/2+%0)5%/)#.(, #
&#')*)/%/)#.(, .(/(,%")%, %0
J '( ,(" (0 /%,#J 1 %/#"'(, /#. 0% (6#0+/)-. 1
/%&3)#, (. 0%, "($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(,J (. 0%, /#.')/)#.(, *7,)/%,J 3)-2)/%, 1
,#/)#(/#.-&)/%, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#
(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(,
,)$.%" 1 (,2%30(/(" 0#, *0+9
#, '( ).*#"&%/)-. 1 0%,
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, (. /%'% (2%4% '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 4%"% 0#, ')*("(.2(, 4"#$"%&%,
'( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 % (9
(/+2%",(
%"% (,2# (0 4"(,(.2(
)./0+1( +.%
'(,/")4/)-. '( 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, % ,($+)",(J 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0J "('+//)-.J
&)2)$%/)-. 1 /#&4(.,%/)-. '( 0#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(,
% #"$%.)5%/)-.
%'#42%"> 1 &(9
#"%"> (. 0% &(')'% .(/(,%")% 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, %;+7
(,2%30(/)'#,
##"').%/)-. .2(").,2)2+/)#.%0
% (9
(/+/)-. 1 6)$)0%./)% '( ')*("(.2(,
&(')'%, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 "(;+(")">. 0% /##"').%/)-. (*(/2)6%
(
(./+(.2"%. &(')'%, 2%0(, /#&# #3"%, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%J #3"%, '(
,%.(%&)(.2# %&3)(.2%0J /#.2"#0 '( 6(/2#"(, '( (.*("&('%'(, %,#/)%'%, /#.
%$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J ).'(&.)5%/)-. '( 0#, %/2+%0(, <%3)2%.2(, % ,(" "(+3)/%'#,J
"(;+(")">. '( +.% (*(/2)6% /##"').%/)-. 1 '(0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( %/+("'#,J
2%.2# 2=/.)/#, /#&# (/#.-&)/#,J (.2"( (0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 0#,
"($+0%'#"(, 1 "(4"(,(.2%.2(, '( 0#, $"+4#, '( ).6#0+/"%'#, /#. 0#, ;+( ,(
<%1%. (,2%30(/)'# 0#, %/+("'#,
(0%/)#.(, #&+.)2%")%, 1 4).)-. O30)/%
0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2# # (0
$(,2#" '(0 4"#1(/2# '(,)$.%'# (,2%30(/("> &(/%.),&#, '( "(/(4/)-. 1
%2(./)-. '( #4).)#.(, '( 0%, 4%"2(, ).2("(,%'%,
( "($),2"%">. 0%, ')6(",%,
#4).)#.(, 1 ,( (,2%30(/("> +. 4"#/(')&)(.2# '( (6%0+%/)-. 1 "(,4+(,2%J
&%.2(.)=.'#,( "($),2"#, '( 0%, %//)#.(, (9
(/+2%'%,
)*+,)-. '(0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
,($+"%" ;+( 2#'# (0 4(",#.%0
).6#0+/"%'# /#.#5/% (0
0%. '(
%.(9
#
&3)(.2%0J 1 %'#42( 0#,
4"#/(')&)(.2#, %&3)(.2%0(, "(,4(/2)6#, ,2#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ,( (B2(.'(">.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%0 4(",#.%0 '( 0%, (&4"(,%, /#.2"%2),2%, 1 4"(,2%2%")#, '( ,("6)/)#,


(
(,2%30(/("> (0 .)6(0 1 &=2#'#, .(/(,%")#, '( /%4%/)2%/)-. "(;+(")'#,J %,7
/#&# 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, '( "($),2"#, 1 %"/<)6# .(/(,%")#,
/2+%0)5%/)-. ($%0
%.2(.(" +. "($),2"# %/2+%0)5%'# '( 0%, "($+0%/)#.(,
%&3)(.2%0(, 6)$(.2(,J (. 0# "(0%/)#.%'# % 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( '(,%""#00( 0%
#"$%.)5%/)-.
% (2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-.
2%4%, '( #.,2"+//)-. 1 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(
4%"% 4"#4-,)2#, '(0
,( (.2)(.'( '(,'( 0% &#6)0)5%/)-. %0 >"(% '( 0%
(&4"(,% /#.,2"+/2#"% '(,)$.%'% 1 (0 ).)/)# '( 0#, &#6)&)(.2#, '( 2)(""% <%,2%
0% /+0&).%/)-. '(0 /+("4# '( 0% 4"(,% 0 0(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( ,( '(*).( /#&#
0% *).%0)5%/)-. '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% 1 "(4"(,%&)(.2# '(*).)2)6# '(0
7# %3% <%,2% %0/%.5%" 0% /#2% '( #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# % (2%4% '(
/#.,2"+//)-. "(;+(")"> %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( 2"(, %P#, 1 (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
%4"#B)&%'%&(.2( '#, %P#,
" %4

" %4%)

-!./

. 0% (//)-.
6%0+%/)-. '( &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, ,( )'(.2)*)/%. 0#,
)&4%/2#, %,#/)%'#, %0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J 2%.2# 4"(6)# % 0%
/#.,2"+//)-.J '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.J 00(.%'# 1 #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
#""(% M
NJ (. ,+ #3"% ).2)2+0%'% I &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, 4%"% (0
%.(9
# '( "%.'(, "#1(/2#,GJ &(./)#.% ;+( 0% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#,
)&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. #3"%, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%J
(6)'(./)% 0% .(/(,)'%' '( )./0+)" (. (0 &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#J
%//)#.(, 1L# 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 4%"% ,+ %'(/+%'# &%.(9
# ,2% %+2#"% (,2%30(/(
;+( 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#,J $(.("%0&(.2( ,(
(&40(%. '#, 4#,)/)#.(, )'(#0-$)/%,?
.% 4#,)/)-. ,+,2(.2% ;+( (0 4"#$"(,# 2)(.( ,+, /#,2#, 1 %0$+)(. '(3(
%,+&)"0#, M0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'%N
# ,( .)($% 0% (B),2(./)% '( 0#,
)&4%/2#, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. 0% #3"%J 4("# ,( %,+&( ;+( ,#. +.% /+#2% %0
'(,%""#00# ;+( 0( /#""(,4#.'( % 0% 4#30%/)-. (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'(0 4"#1(/2#J ).'(4(.')(.2(&(.2( '( ;+( 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, ,(%.


/+%.2)*)/%30(, 4%"% #2"%, /#&+.)'%'(,
% ,($+.'% 4#,)/)-. 40%.2(% ;+( (. .#&3"( '(0 4"#$"(,# .# ,( '(3(.
4("9
+')/%" .) '(2(")#"%" 0%, /#.')/)#.(, '( 6)'% '( 0% 4#30%/)-. ;+(
"(,)'( (. (0 >"(% '( )&40%.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
( /#.2(&40%. '#,
#39
(2)6#, 4")./)4%0(,? % /#.,2"+//)-. (0 4"#1(/2#J ,). 4("9
+')/%" % 0%
4#30%/)-. '#.'( (0 4"#1(/2# ,( 0#/%0)5%
%'% 4#,)/)-. )'(#0-$)/% 4(",)$+( #39
(2)6#, ')*("(.2(,
2)(.( /#&# #39
(2)6# 9
) "
,($+.'% (. /%&3)# 40%.2(% /#&# #39
(2)6#,
" &
"
J1
"
;
4
M #""(%J
N

% 4")&("% 4#,)/)-.
" )
%
" )
"

,2%, 4#,)/)#.(, )'(#0-$)/%, %0 ,(" ')*("(.2(,J 40%.2(%. 2%&3)=. 4#072)/%, '(


%//)-. ')*("(.2(,
(.("%0&(.2(J 0% 4")&("% 4#,)/)-. ).6#0+/"% %.2( 0%,
"(%//)#.(, '( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, J "(4+(,2%, 274)/%, /#&# 0% "(4"(,)-.J (0
,#3#".# 1 (0 /<%.2%9
(J %,#/)%'%, /#. '(&#,2"%/)#.(, '( 4#'(" '( 0#,
4"#&#2#"(, '( 0%, #3"%,
,2% 4#072)/% .# (, (*(/2)6% 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# 1
(9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, #3"%,Q (. (0 0%"$# 40%5# ,#. 2%. $"%6(, 0#, /#.*0)/2#, ;+(
$(.("%. 0%, %//)#.(,J ;+( ,( 2"%'+/(. (. /#,2#, 1 '(&#"%, (. 0#,
/"#.#$"%&%, '( (9
(/+/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# M #""(%J
N
#" (0 /#.2"%")#J 0%, 4#072)/%, %,#/)%'%, % 0% ,($+.'% 4#,)/)-. 40%.2(%. ;+( 0#,
)&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#, '(3(. ,(" &%.(9
%'#,J (, '(/)"J 4"(6(.)'#,J
&)2)$%'#, # /#&4(.,%'#, /#. (0 4"#4-,)2# '( 0#$"%" ;+( (0 4"#1(/2# .#
4("9
+');+( .) '(2(")#"( 0%, /#.')/)#.(, '( 6)'% '( .).$O. $"+4# <+&%.#
M #""(%J
N
0 "#$"%&% 4%"% (0 %.(9
# '( 0#, &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, '(0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J ;+( ,( 4"(,(.2% (. (,2( (,2+')#J ,( 3%,% (. 0% ,($+.'%
4#,)/)-. )'(#0-$)/% 1 3+,/% "(/#./)0)%" 0% .(/(,)'%' '( 0%, ,#/)('%'(, '(
&(9
#"%" ,+ ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% /#. 0% 4"#2(//)-. '( 0#, '("(/<#, ( ).2("(,(, '( 0%,
4(",#.%, %*(/2%'%,
0 4"#$"%&% 4"(,(.2%'#J ,( /#.,2)2+1( (. +. "#$"%&% (.("%0 ;+( /#.2)(.(
0%, 4#072)/%,J #39
(2)6#, 1 %//)#.(, 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '( +. "#$"%&%
(2%00%'#
,7J (. (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')# ,( (,2%30(/(. 0%, (,2"%2($)%, 4%"% (0
'(,%""#00# '( +. "#$"%&% '( .*#"&%/)-. 1 )*+,)-. '(0 "#1(/2#J +.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# .6#0+.2%")# 1 +. "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00#


+"7,2)/# ,2( O02)&# (,2%30(/( 0% 4#072)/% 1 ')"(/2")/(, 4%"% (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2#
'( 0% 4#30%/)-. '(,40%5%'% 4#" 0% #3"%J 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, % "(%0)5%" 4"(6)% 0%
(B4"#4)%/)-. ( ).'(&.)5%/)-. 4#" 0#, 4"(')#,J /#.,)'("%/)#.(, 4%"% 0%
"().,("/)-. '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '(,40%5%'% (. 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, (0($)'%, /#&#
4#30%/)-. "(/(42#"%J #39
(2)6#, 4%"% 0% *#"&+0%/)-. '( 40%.(, '( '(,%""#00# '(
0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'%J (.2"( #2"#,
0 (.*#;+( 1 %0/%./( '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, ,( <%. '(,%""#00%'# ,#3"( 0%, $+7%,
4"#6),2%, 4#" #""(% M
NJ 0%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '(0 .*#"&( '( 0% #&),)-.
+.')%0 '( (4"(,%, M
NJ 0% 4#072)/% 4("%/)#.%0 '(0 %./# .2("%&(")/%.#
'( (,%""#00#
!
(%,(.2%&)(.2# .6#0+.2%")# M
NJ 0% #"&% '(
(,(&4(P# # ? '(0 : M 8N ';+),)/)-. '( )(""%, 1 (%,(.2%&)(.2#
.6#0+.2%")#J 1 0% #072)/% 4("%/)#.%0 '(0 %./# +.')%0 K
4%"%
(%,(.2%&)(.2# .6#0+.2%")# '(3)'# % 3"%, '( .*"%(,2"+/2+"% M
N
XI.5.1.1
0 4"(,(.2( 4"#$"%&% '( ')*+,)-. ( ).*#"&%/)-. ,( #")(.2% % 0% (2%4% '(
(,2+')#, 4"(6)#, 1 4#'"> ,(" +2)0)5%'# '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
( %/+("'# % 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 4"#$"%&% ,( %.%0)5%"> (0 (.*#;+( 1 %0/%./( '(
0#, 4"#$"%&%, '( ')*+,)-. ( ).*#"&%/)-. 4%"% 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-. '(0
4"#1(/2#
XI.5.1.1.1
% (0%3#"%/)-. '( 0#, (,2+')#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"% (&4"(.'(" (0 "(/#.#/)&)(.2#
'( +. 4"#1(/2#J ,+ 4"(*%/2)3)0)'%'J *%/2)3)0)'%' 1 '),(P#J $(.("%. +.% ,(")( '(
)&4%/2#,J (,4(/)%0&(.2( 4#" 0%, (B4(/2%2)6%, ;+( ,( /"(%. % 4%"2)" '( (00#,
+%.'# 0% $(.2( '(,/#.#/( (0 &#2)6# '( 0% 00($%'% '(0 4(",#.%0 ;+( "(%0)5%
0#, (,2+')#,J (&4)(5%. % /)"/+0%" "+&#"(, 3%,%'#, (. /#.6(",%/)#.(,
(,/+/<%'%,J (. 0%, 4"($+.2%, ;+( *#"&+0%. # (. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( 0#, 6(.
'(,%""#00%"
,+ 6(5 (,2%, ,)2+%/)#.(, 4+('(. ,(" %4"#6(/<%'%, 4#"
4(",#.%, ).(,/"+4+0#,%, 4%"% #32(.(" 3(.(*)/)#, 4(",#.%0(,
% ).2("6(./)-. #"'(.%'% 1 ,),2(&>2)/% % 2"%6=, '( +. 0%. '(
%.(9
#
'+"%.2( (,2%, (2%4%, 4"(6)(.( 0% %4%")/)-. '( )&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, %0 <%/("
/#<("(.2(, 0%, (B4(/2%2)6%, '( 0%, %+2#")'%'(, 0#/%0(, 1 '( 0% /#&+.)'%' /#.
0% "(%0)'%'J 1 4"(4%"% % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 4%"% (0 (,/(.%")# '( (9
(/+/)-. '( 0%
#3"%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

. (0 /%,# '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( +. 4"#1(/2# /#&# (0


J ,( "(/#&)(.'%
).)/)%" /#. +. 4"#$"%&% '( ')*+,)-. 1 '),/+,)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J ')/<#
4"#$"%&% 4("&)2)"> +.% /#&+.)/%/)-. #"$%.)5%'% ( ).*#"&%'% ,#3"( 0%
.(/(,)'%' '( 0% "(4"(,% 1 '(2("&).%" ,) 0% #3"% ,( (.&%"/% (. 6%0#"(, ;+(
$%"%.2)/(. % 0% 4#30%/)-. +. 3%0%./( (.2"( (0 '(,%""#00# (/#.-&)/# 1 (0 +,# '(
0#, "(/+",#, .%2+"%0(,
7

(.("%" +. /0)&% *%6#"%30( 4%"% (0 ).)/)# '( 0% '),/+,)-. 1 0% (9


(/+/)-. '(
0#, (,2+')#,
.*#"&%" % 0% /#&+.)'%' ,#3"( 0% *).%0)'%'J &(2#'#0#$7% 1 "(,+02%'#, '(
0#, (,2+')#, ;+( ,( (,2>. 00(6%.'# % /%3#
"(6(.)" 0% $(.("%/)-. '( (B4(/2%2)6%, ;+( 4("9
+');+(. % 0% /#&+.)'%'
,2%30(/(" /%.%0(, '( /#&+.)/%/)-. 3)0%2("%0(, /#. 0% /#&+.)'%'
.&+.)5%" % 0% /#&+.)'%' /#.2"% ).*#"&%/)#.(, ;+( 4+('%. ,(" *+(.2( '(
&%.)4+0%/)-.
"#4)/)%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0% /#&+.)'%' (. 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( 0#,
(,2+')#,
+&40)" /#. 0%, '),4#,)/)#.(, (,2%30(/)'%, (. (0 ),2(&% C.)/# '( %.(9
#
&3)(.2%0 1 (0 ($0%&(.2# &3)(.2%0 4%"% /2)6)'%'(, 0=/2")/%, (. 0#
;+( "(,4(/2% % 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. /)+'%'%.% 1 0#, "(;+),)2#, 4%"% 0% ,#0)/)2+'
'( 0% 0)/(./)% %&3)(.2%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#
#.,)'("%" ( )./#"4#"%" 0#, /")2(")#, 1 0%, #3,("6%/)#.(, '( 0% /)+'%'%.7%
1 '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2# ,#3"( 0#, %,4(/2#,
%&3)(.2%0(, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
%"%.2)5%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0% /#&+.)'%'J 4#30%/)-. ).6#0+/"%'% (. 0%
#3"%J #"$%.),&#, ,(//)#.%0(,J 1 '( #2"#, $"+4#, 1 #"$%.)5%/)#.(, '( 0%
,#/)('%' /)6)0 /#. ).2("(,(, (. (0 4"#1(/2#
7
*;; ?
$#,2#

2
M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

.*#"&%" % 0% /#&+.)'%' 1 %+2#")'%'(, /)6)0(,J (/0(,)>,2)/%, 1 % 0#,


*+./)#.%")#, '( 0%, (.2)'%'(, $+3(".%&(.2%0(, ;+( 2)(.(. 4"(,(./)% (. 0%
"($)-.J ,#3"( 0#, (,2+')#, ;+( ,( (,2>. 00(6%.'# % /%3#J 0% *).%0)'%' '( 0#,
&),&#,J 0% &(2#'#0#$7% %40)/%'% 1 0#, "(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#,
,2%30(/(" /%.%0(, 3)0%2("%0(, '( /#&+.)/%/)-. (.2"( (0 :)'()/#&),#
"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3% 1 0%, %+2#")'%'(,
+,/%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0%, %+2#")'%'(, 1 '( 0%, (.2)'%'(,
$+3(".%&(.2%0(, (. 0% ')*+,)-. '( 0#, (,2+')#,
.*#"&%" ,#3"( 0%, '(/),)#.(, 6)$(.2(, (. 2#".# %0 4"#1(/2#
%"%.2)5%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. 4O30)/%J /#.,%$"%'% (. 0% #.,2)2+/)-.J 0%
(1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 1 (0
4%"% 0% (9
(/+/)-. '(0
(*).)2)6# ,2#, &#&(.2#, ,#.?
#.,+02% O30)/% '( 0#, ="&).#, '( (*("(./)% '(0 ,2+')#
#.,+02% O30)/% '(0 #""%'#" :).%0 '(0 '#/+&(.2# '(
3

% 4#30%/)-. #39
(2)6# % 0% /+%0 ,( ')")$)"> 0% /%&4%P% (,?
#&+.)'%' 1 %+2#")'%'(, '( 0#, /%.2#.(, +(.% := 1 %0(./)%J "#6)./)%
'( #, )#,
"#4)(2%")#, # 4#,(,)#.%")#, '( 0% 2)(""% (. '#.'( ,( +3)/%"> (0 (&3%0,(
,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. ,( 3").'%"> % 0% 4#30%/)-. %,(.2%'% (.?
o
0 /+("4# '( 0% 4"(,% ;+( ,( %,)(.2% (. 0% 4(")*(")% '( 0#, /%.2#.(,
+(.% := 1 (0 %.2-. %0(./)%
o
% ,+4("*)/)( '(0 (&3%0,( # >"(% % ).+.'%"J ,( ')6)'( (. 4%"2( '(0
>"(% '),4(",% '( 0% %""#;+)% +"%0 %2")/)% )0%" '(0 %.2-. +(.%
:= 1 (. 0%, 4(")*(")%, '( 0#, %.2#.(, %0(./)% 1 +(.% :=
)"(/2#"(, 1 *+./)#.%")#, '( 0#, #"$%.),&#, $+3(".%&(.2%0(, /#.
4"(,(./)% (. 0% "($)-.
+2#")'%'(, (/0(,)>,2)/%,
%"% 4"#4-,)2#, '(0 4"#$"%&% '( ')*+,)-.J 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 4+('(.
#"$%.)5%",( 4#" ,(/2#"(, '( "(,)'(./)%J ')6),)#.(, 2("")2#")%0(, # 4#072)/#
%'&).),2"%2)6%J $"(&)#, 1L# #"$%.)5%/)#.(, ,#/)%0(, /#. ).2("(,(, (,4(/7*)/#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"#$"%&%/)-. '( (+.)#.(, 1

,4(/2#, #$7,2)/#,

%, "(+.)#.(, '(3(">. "(%0)5%",( (. 0# 4#,)30( (. 0#, 0+$%"(, '( "(,)'(./)% '(


0%, 4(",#.%,
( 4+('(. 4"#$"%&%" "(+.)#.(, (. *(/<%, 1 <#"%")#,
%4"#4)%'#, 4%"% 0% /#&+.)'%'J (. ,%0#.(, /#&+.%0(,J (,/+(0%,J (,4%/)#,
%3)("2#, %'(/+%'#, 4%"% (0 (*(/2# # +.)6(",)'%'(,
% 0#/%0)5%/)-. '( 0#,
(6(.2#, (, +. %,4(/2# )&4#"2%.2( 4%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0% %,),2(./)% % 0%, "(+.)#.(,
) 0#, ,)2)#, '( "(+.)-. ,( +3)/%">. 0(9
#, '( 0%, 0#/%0)'%'(, ).2("(,%'%,J ,(
'(3( 4"#4#"/)#.%" 2"%.,4#"2( 4%"% (0 2"%,0%'# '( 0#, ).6)2%'#,
"(4%"%/)-. '(

%2(")%0(, 1

1+'%,

+')#6),+%0(,

#, &%2(")%0(, '(3(. )./0+)" 0% ).*#"&%/)-. "(0(6%.2( "(,4(/2# %0 4"#1(/2#J 1


0% &%.("% /#&# ,( 2"%2%. (. (0 (,2+')# 0#, )&4%/2#, 2%.2# 4#,)2)6#, /#&#
.($%2)6#, ;+( 4+('( $(.("%" 0% #3"% (. 0% "($)-. % ).*#"&%/)-. '(3("> ,("
4"(,(.2%'% 1 &%.(9
%'% '( *#"&% ;+( "(,+02( %&(.% 1 /#&4"(.,)30( 4%"% (0
).2("0#/+2#"
#.6#/%2#")%, % (+.)#.(,
. /+%.2# % 0%, %+2#")'%'(,J 0%, ).6)2%/)#.(, '(3(">. ,(" *#"&%0(,J 4#" (,/")2#J
*)"&%'%, 4#" 0% &>B)&% %+2#")'%' '(0 '+(P# '( 0% #3"% # 0% (.2)'%' $(,2#"%
'(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (.6)%'%, /#. 0% '(3)'% %.2)/)4%/)-.
%"% 0% /#&+.)'%'J 0% /#.6#/%2#")% '(3( "(%0)5%",( /#. 0% %1+'% '( 0#,
&(')#, '( /#&+.)/%/)-. ( ,(0(//)#.%"> %;+(0 &(')# '( /#&+.)/%/)-. ;+(
2(.$% &%1#" /)"/+0%/)-. # %+')(./)% '(.2"# '(0 $"+4# (,4(/7*)/# %0 ;+( 6%
')")$)'% 0% /#.6#/%2#")% ,2% /#.6#/%2#")% ,("> "(*#"5%'% /#. 0% /#0#/%/)-. '(
%*)/<(, (. 0#, 0+$%"(, '( &%1#" 2">.,)2#J 1 (0 (&40(# '( 6#0%.2(,
9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, (+.)#.(,
%, "(+.)#.(, '(3(. ,(" 4"(,)')'%, 4#" 0%, %+2#")'%'(, &>B)&%, '(0
:)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3% # 0% (.2)'%' $(,2#"% '(0 4"#1(/2#
0 "(4"(,(.2%.2( '( 0% (&4"(,% '(3("> 2(.(" 0% %+2#")'%' ,+*)/)(.2( 4%"%
4#'(" 00($%" % %/+("'#, 1 /#.,(.,#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+($# '( 4"(,(.2%" 0% ).*#"&%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J %0 *).%0 ,( '(3( (,2%30(/(" +.


2)(&4# 4%"% "(,#06(" 2#'%, 0%, 4"($+.2%, ( ).;+)(2+'(, ;+( 2(.$% 0%
/#&+.)'%'
,2% "(2"#%0)&(.2%/)-. 0#$"% (0 #39
(2)6# '( +.% /#&+.)/%/)-.
3)0%2("%0
(.2"# '( .*#"&%/)-. O30)/%
( ).,2%0%"> +. (.2"# '( .*#"&%/)-. O30)/% M
N (. 0% )+'%' '( +(.%
:= 0
4("&%.(/("> %3)("2# '+"%.2( 0#, 4")&("#, %P#, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1
%2(.'("> (. +. <#"%")# ;+( 4("&)2% (0 %//(,# % 0% &%1#"7% '( 0% 4#30%/)-. 0
/#.2%"> /#. &%2(")%0(, '( ')*+,)-.J %1+'%, %+')#6),+%0(,J (,2+')#, '(0
4"#1(/2# 1 4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# 2=/.)/%&(.2( /#. "(0%/)-. %0 4"#1(/2# 1
(.2"(.%'# (. 0%3#"(, '( /#&+.)/%/)-.
XI.5.1.1.2

% (6%0+%/)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(,/")2%, (. (0 4"(,(.2( 4"#$"%&% 4+('(.


"(%0)5%",( %0 *).%0 '( /%'% "(+.)-. # 6),)2%, %0
,(0(//)#.%.'# +.% &+(,2"%
'( 0#, %,),2(.2(, 4%"% %40)/%" /+(,2)#.%")#, '( ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 4("/(4/)#.(,
'(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (,/%0%, '( %/2)2+'(,
.')/%'#"(, '( 6%0+%/)-.
O&("# '( %,),2(.2(, % 0%, "(+.)#.(, 4"#$"%&%'%, # %0
)6(0 '( ).*#"&%/)-. 0#$"%'# (. 0% 4#30%/)-. ,#3"( 0#, #39
(2)6#,J
&(2#'#0#$7%, 1 "(,+02%'#, '( 0#, (,2+')#,
)6(0 '( ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( (0 (,2%'# %/2+%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#
/2)2+' <%/)% :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3% # <%/)% (0
/#.,2"+/2#"L#4("%'#" '(0 4"#1(/2#
XI.5.1.2
0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
'(,40%5%"> /#. ,+ /#.,2"+//)-. % 4(",#.%,J
0# /+%0 "(;+(")"> '( +. &%.(9
# ).2($"%0 '( 0#, %,4(/2#, (/#.-&)/#,J ,#/)%0(, 1
%&3)(.2%0(, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. 0% /#&4(.,%/)-. 1 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0#,
%*(/2%'#,
,7J ,( '(*).( /#&# 0% 4#30%/)-. ;+( (.*"(.2% 0#, &%1#"(, )&4%/2#,
"(0%/)#.%'#, /#. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# % %;+(00% ;+( '(3(
'(,40%5%",( 4#" /%+,% '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(3)'# %0 4"#1(/2#J 0#, ,),2(&%, '( 4"#'+//)-. <%,2% %<#"% '(,%""#00%'#, (.


0#, 4"(')#, ,(">. '(,&%.2(0%'#,J ,( 4("'(">. 0#, 3)(.(, 4"#'+/2)6#, 1 0#,
&(')#, '( ).$"(,#,
+%.'# (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 4#30%/)-. (, ).(6)2%30(J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '(0
4"(,(.2( 4"#1(/2#J (, ).'),4(.,%30( /#.2%" /#. +. 4"#$"%&% '(2%00%'# '(
"(%,(.2%&)(.2# ;+( )./0+1% /"#.#$"%&%, 1 /#,2#, "(0%/)#.%'#, 0 "#$"%&%
'( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '(3("> ,(" /#.,2"+)'# 3%,%'# (. +.% (,2"%2($)% '(
'(,%""#00# 1 +. 4%;+(2( '( %1+'% (/#.-&)/%, ;+( %0 &(.#, 0#$"( "(,2%+"%" (0
3)(.(,2%" '( 0% $(.2( % ,(" "(+3)/%'% % (B4(")(./)% '(0 %./# +.')%0 (. (0
"(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 4(",#.%, '(,40%5%'%, ).')/% ;+( (0 &%.(9
# '(
/#&4(.,%/)#.(, (/#.-&)/%, M(. ').("#N ,). (0 ,#4#"2( '( 4"#$"%&%, '(
'(,%""#00# # "().,("/)-. $(.("%0&(.2( ,#. ).%'(/+%'#, MR #"0' %.SJ
N
% (//)-.
K 7.(% %,( M (" .2#".# #/)#(/#.-&)/#N '( (,2( (,2+')#
4"(,(.2% 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 /(.,# "(%0)5%'# %0 ).2(")#" '(0 >"(% 4"#1(/2%'% '(0
4
(&3%0,( '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
% ).*#"&%/)-. /#""(,4#.')(.2( % 0#, /(.,#, '( 4#30%/)-.5J ).')/% ;+( 4%"% (0
%P#
0#, %,(.2%&)(.2#, &>, )&4#"2%.2(, '( 0% "($)-. '( (,2+')# ,#. 0%,
/%3(/("%, /%.2#.%0(, # /)+'%'(,? %. %/).2# '( +(.% := M ! 8 <%3)2%.2(,N 1
%0(./)% M
<%3)2%.2(,NJ ,)$+(. (. #"'(. '( )&4#"2%./)% 0%, /%3(/("%,
4%""#;+)%0(, 1 *).%0&(.2( 0#, /%,("7#, # 0#/%0)'%'(,Q '(,2%/>.'#,( (0
/"(/)&)(.2# '( 0% /)+'%' '( %. %/).2# '( +(.% :=
%"% (0 4"(,(.2( "#1(/2#J 0% 4#30%/)-. (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2% (,
%;+(00% ;+( 6)6( (. 0%, 2)(""%, % ).+.'%"J ,+&%'% % 0% 4#,)30( 4#30%/)-.
"(/(42#"% ( %/+("'# % 0# (B4+(,2#J 0% 4#30%/)-. '(,40%5%'% ).6#0+/"% +.%
4(;+(P% 4%"2( '( 0% 9
+"),')//)-. '( 0% 4%""#;+)% "+"%0 %2")/)% )0%" '(0 /%.2-.
+(.% := M8 <%3)2%.2(,N 1 +.% 4%"2( '( 0%, 4(")*(")%, '( 0#, /%.2#.(, +(.%
:= 1 %0(./)%J ;+( /#./(.2"% 8 1
<%3)2%.2(, "(,4(/2)6%&(.2(
,2% 4#30%/)-. %4"#B)&%'% M
4(",#.%,N ,( %$"+4% (.
6)6)(.'%,J '( 0%,
/+%0(, 8 4("2(.(/(. % 0#, '+(P#, '( 0#, 4"(')#,J &)(.2"%, ;+(
6)6)(.'%,
,( /#./(.2"%. (.
4"(')#,
( (,2%,J
6)6)(.'%, 4("2(.(/(. % 2"%3%9
%'#"(,
4

0 >"(% '#.'( ,( '(,%""#00%"> (0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


J (, 9
+"),')//)-. '( 0#, /%.2#.(, '(
+(.% := 1 %0(./)%
5
#" 0% ').>&)/% #072)/% '&).),2"%2)6% 0#, %/2+%0(, /%.2#.(, '( +(.% := 1 %0(./)% ("%. <%,2% (0
(.,# '(
4%""#;+)%, "+"%0(, '(0 %.2-. F+(6('# ( "(/#.,2"+1- ,+ 4#30%/)-. % 0% ,)2+%/)-.
%/2+%0 4%"% <%/(" *%/2)30( 0%, /#&4%"%/)#.(,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'( 0#, 4"#4)(2%")#, '( 0#, 4"(')#,J &)(.2"%, ;+(


'( (00%, ,#. '(
4#,(,)#.%")#, ;+( 4#,((. 4("&),# '(0 '+(P# '(0 4"(')# 4%"% 6)6)" (. 0% 2)(""%
4("# .# 2)(.(. .).$+.% 4"#4)('%' ,#3"( 0% &),&%
,2%,
*%&)0)%, '(3(">.
,(" 4")#")5%'%, '+"%.2( 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '(0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2#
0 4"(,(.2( "#$"%&% ,( <% '(,%""#00%'# ,#3"( 0%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '( 0%
4#072)/% '(0 %./# .2("%&(")/%.# '( (,%""#00# M
!
(%,(.2%&)(.2#
.6#0+.2%")#J
N 1 '( 0% #"&% '( (,(&4(P# # '(0 :? ';+),)/)-.
'( )(""%, 1 (%,(.2%&)(.2# .6#0+.2%")# M 3")0J
8N
0 4"#$"%&% ,(
(./+(.2"% ')")$)'# % (,2%30(/(" 0%, 4#072)/%,J 0).(%&)(.2#, 1 %/2)6)'%'(, ;+(
'(3(">. (9
(/+2%",( 4"(6)# 1 '+"%.2( (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0%, 4(",#.%,
%*(/2%'%,J %,7 /#&# 4"#4#.(" 0#, &(/%.),&#, 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0%,
%//)#.(, ;+( 00(6(. %0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, %//)#.(, %;+7'(,/")2%,
XI.5.1.2.1

0 "#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '(3( ,(" +.% 4%"2( ).2($"%0 '(0 '),(P# '(0
4"#1(/2# 1 '(3( ,(" (&4"(.')'# '(,'( 0%, (2%4%, 2(&4"%.%, '(0 &),&# ,7J
(0 "#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '(2%00%'#J % ,(" (0%3#"%'# 4%"% (0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J ,( ,#&(2("> %0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,
4#072)/%,?
6)2%" # &).)&)5%" (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 4#30%/)#.(,
,($+"%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, %*(/2%'%, (. 0% 2#&% '(
'(/),)-. /#. "(,4(/2# % "(%,(.2%&)(.2#, 1 /#&4(.,%/)#.(,
"#&#6(" (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# /#&# +.% #4#"2+.)'%' 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00#
'( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, %*(/2%'%,
,2%30(/(" 0#, /")2(")#, 4%"% ).'(&.)5%/)-.J "(<%3)0)2%/)-. (/#.-&)/%J
,+,2)2+/)-. '( 6)6)(.'%, # 2)(""%, 1 #2"#, 3(.(*)/)#, (. 0% (2%4% ).)/)%0
'( 40%.)*)/%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# '( &%.("% '( (6)2%" 0% (,4(/+0%/)-. 1 0%
).6%,)-. '( 4#30%/)#.(, (. 3O,;+('% '( %4"#6(/<%" 0%,
/#&4(.,%/)#.(,
6)2%" 0%, /#&4(.,%/)#.(, &#.(2%")%,J ,)(&4"( ;+( ,(% 4#,)30(J '%.'#
4"(*("(./)% % +.% 6%")('%' '( %02(".%2)6%,
#.,)'("%" 0#, ,),2(&%, '( 4"#4)('%' ).*#"&%0(, (B),2(.2(,J 3+,/%.'#
*#"&%, '( /#&4(.,%/)-. (;+)2%2)6%, 1 9
+,2%,
"#&#6(" #4#"2+.)'%'(, (/#.-&)/%, 4%"% 4#30%/)#.(, '(,40%5%'%,
6#0+.2%")%&(.2(
,2%30(/(" &(/%.),&#, ).'(4(.')(.2(, '( &(')%/)-. 1 %"3)2"%9
(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%0/+0%" ( )./0+)" (. (0 /#,2# '(0 4"#1(/2# 2#'#, 0#, /#,2#, '(


/#&4(.,%/)-. 1 "(%,(.2%&)(.2#
0 0%. '( .'(&.)5%/)-. 1 (%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 4#30%/)#.(, %*(/2%'%, '(3(">
4#,)3)0)2%" 0% "().,("/)-. '( 0%, *%&)0)%, (. (0 &("/%'# '( 2"%3%9
# 0#/%0 1L#
"($)#.%0
0 '(,40%5%&)(.2# '( 0%, *%&)0)%, <%/)% ,+, .+(6#, <#$%"(, '(3("> (,2%"
/#./0+)'# 4#" 0# &(.#, '7%, %.2(, '(0 ).)/)# '( 0%, #3"%, (. /%'% 2"%&#
XI.5.1.2.2
0 4"(,(.2( 4"#$"%&% '(,/")3( 0#, %,4(/2#, &7.)&#, % /#.,)'("%",( 4%"% 0%
(0%3#"%/)-. '( +. "#$"%&%
(2%00%'# 4%"% (0 (%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0%
4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'% 4#" 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#

0 4"#$"%&% '(3("> '(,%""#00%",( /#.*#"&( 0#, %,4(/2#, 1 0).(%&)(.2#, %;+7


4"#6),2#,
#.'( (B),2% '+'% ,#3"( (0 %0/%./( '( 0%, %//)#.(, 1L# %/2)6)'%'(,
4"#4+(,2%, '(3(">. %40)/%",( 0#, 0).(%&)(.2#, (,2%30(/)'#, 4#" (0 %./#
.2("%&(")/%.# '( (,%""#00#
!
4%"% (%,(.2%&)(.2# .6#0+.2%")#
M
N
0 '(,%""#00# '(0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# 1 '(
#30%/)#.(, *(/2%'%, '(3("> )./0+)"?

.'(&.)5%/)#.(, '(

%2%,2"# :7,)/#
%2%,2"# #/)#(/#.-&)/#
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0%, 4(",#.%, %*(/2%'%,
%"/# ($%0 ( .,2)2+/)#.%0
:#"&+0%/)-. '(0 0%. ;+( )./0+1%?
o
(/%.),&#, 1 (,2"%2($)%, '( /#.,+02% 1 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0%
4#30%/)-.
o
")2(")#, (,4(/7*)/#, 4%"% ).'(&.)5%/)-. 1 "(%,(.2%&)(.2#
o :#"&+0%/)-. '( #4/)#.(,
o
")2(")#, 4%"% "(+3)/%/)-.
o 0%.)00% '( /#,2#,
o ($+)&)(.2# 1 (6%0+%/)-.
o 0%5#, 1 "#.#$"%&% '( )&40(&(.2%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

o
XI.5.1.2.3

;+)4# '( 2"%3%9


#
.

%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '(0 "#$"%&% ,( 40%.2(% ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2#


+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% /#.2(&40( 0% /"(%/)-. '( +. *)'()/#&),# ;+( ,("> (0
(./%"$%'# '( 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(0 "#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2#
(*).)2)6# % ,(" '(,%""#00%'#
0 *)'()/#&),# '(3("> 2(.(" +. &%.'%2# /0%"%&(.2( (,2%30(/)'# 1 ,("> (0
(./%"$%'# '( %'&).),2"%" 0% 2"%.,*("(./)% '( 3)(.(,J (,2# (,J "(/)3)"> 0#,
"(/+",#, (/#.-&)/#, '( :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%J "(%0)5%">
0% /#&4(.,%/)-. % 0%, 4(",#.%, % ,(" '(,40%5%'%, (. 2="&).#, '( 2)(""%
(;+)6%0(.2(J "(0#/%0)5%/)-. 1 (. O02)&# #"'(. (. ').("#J 4#,2(")#"&(.2(
2"%.,*(")"> 0#, 3)(.(, %';+)")'#, %0 4"#&#2#" '(0 4"#1(/2#
0 *)'()/#&),#
3+,/%"> ;+( 0%, 2"%.,%//)#.(, ,(%. 2"%.,4%"(.2(,J #4#"2+.%, 1 (;+)2%2)6%,
4%"% 0%, 4%"2(, 0 *)'()/#&),# 4#'"7% %'&).),2"%" (0 "#$"%&% '( (4#,)/)-.
'( .*"%(,2"+/2+"% *(/2%'% 4#" 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,( ;+( ,( 4"(,(.2% (. 0%,
,)$+)(.2(, ,(//)#.(, '(0 4"(,(.2(
% /"(%/)-. '( (,2( *)'()/#&),# 3").'%"> % 0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'% M'(,40%5%'%
1 "(/(42#"%N 2"%.,4%"(./)% (. (0 4"#/(,#J 1 *#"2%0(/("> 0% /#.*)%.5% (. (0
'(,%""#00# '(0 4"#1(/2#
0 *)'()/#&),# $%"%.2)5%"> ;+( 0%, 2)(""%, % ,("
%*(/2%'%, 4%,(. %0 /#&4"%'#" +.% 6(5 ;+( ,( "(%0)/( '( &%.("% (*(/2)6% 0%
/#&4(.,%/)-.
% 4#072)/% '( 4%$#, '(3("> (&40(%" 4"(/)#, '( &("/%'# # 4"(/)#, '(
"(4#,)/)-. '(0 3)(.J %0 /#.,2)2+)" (0 4"(,(.2( 4"#1(/2# +. '(,%""#00#
4"#&#6)'# 4#" +.% (&4"(,% 4")6%'%J (. (0 +,# '( "(/+",#, 4O30)/#,
,
'(/)"J (, 4#,)30( ;+( ,( "(;+)("%. 4"#.+./)%&)(.2#, '( 0%, (.2)'%'(,
$+3(".%&(.2%0(, '( /#.2"#0J 2%0(, /#&# 0% #.2"%0#"7% (.("%0 '(0 ,2%'# ;+(
6%0)'(. 0#, &(/%.),&#, '( 2"%.,%//)-. ;+( '(3(">. ,(" %40)/%'#, %/#"'( % 0%
4#072)/% '(0 4"#$"%&% '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2#, %;+74"#4+(,2# 1 /#.,)'("%.'# (0
4")./)4)# 4"(/%+2(0%2#")# /#.,%$"%'# (. 0% #.,2)2+/)-.J %,7 /#&# 0%,
"($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, 6)$(.2(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.1.2.4

3
.

3
#

. 4"#1(/2# /#&# =,2( %/%""(% )&4%/2#, '( ')*("(.2( .%2+"%0(5% . 0# ;+( ,(


"(*)("( % 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#3"( 0%, *%&)0)%,J (0 '(,40%5%&)(.2# '( ,+, <#$%"(, (,
(0 4")./)4%0 '( (00#, % 4="')'% '( ,+ 6)6)(.'% 1 0% .(/(,)'%' '( ,+
"(+3)/%/)-. 1 %'%42%/)-. % +. .+(6# 0+$%" $(.("%. )./("2)'+&3"( 1 &)('#,
2"# )&4#"2%.2( )&4%/2# (. %0$+.#, /%,#, ,("> 0% 4("')'% '( 0#, %/2)6#, # '(0
%//(,# % 0#, %/2)6#, 1 '( 0%, *+(.2(, '( ).$"(,#,J (, '(/)"J %0$+.%, *%&)0)%, ,(
6(">. %*(/2%'%, (. ,+, &(')#, '( ,+3,),2(./)%
#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( &).)&)5%" 2%0(, )&4%/2#,J ,( )./0+1(. (. (0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3%J +.% ,(")( '( &(')'%, 4%"% /#&4(.,%" 1 <%/(" ;+( 0%,
*%&)0)%, "(/+4("(. ,+ %+2#.#&7% '(&>, '(0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# 1 '(
0%, ).'(&.)5%/)#.(,J (,2>. 4"(6),2%, 4#" (0 4"#4)(2%")# '(0 4"#1(/2# 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( ')6(",#, 4"#$"%&%, ;+( %4#"2%">. 3(.(*)/)#, 4%"% 0%
"($)-. 1 ,+, <%3)2%.2(, ( '(,2%/%. (.2"( (00#, (0 '(,%""#00# '( 4"#$"%&%, '(
4),/)/+02+"%J (0 %4#1# 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '( /#.6(.)#, 2+"7,2)/#,J (0 %4#"2( 4%"%
&%.2(.)&)(.2# 1 &(9
#"%, '( (,/+(0%, (. (0 >"(% '(0 "#1(/2#J 0% 4"(,("6%/)-.
'(0 3#,;+( 7# %0(.;+(J 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 4"#$"%&% '( '(,%""#00#
%$"7/#0% 1 (0 (&40(# '( +. 6("2('("# '( 0>&).% 0)3"( (. 0% 4"(,% %3% ;+(
&%.2(.'"> (0 %$+% ,)(&4"( (. &#6)&)(.2# 1 (6)2%"> 0% 4"(,(./)% '(
&#,;+)2#, 1 40%$%,
0 #39
(2)6# *+.'%&(.2%0 '( (,2( 40%.J 1 ;+( #")(.2% 2#'%, 0%, %//)#.(,
4"(6),2%, 4%"% (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2#J (, '(6#06("0( % 0% 4#30%/)-. ;+( ,( 6(">
%*(/2%'% 4#" 0% )&40%.2%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%J ,+ /#.')/)-.
'( 6)'% 4"(6)% % 0% )&40%.2%/)-. '( 0% #3"% 1 ,) (, 4#,)30(J &(9
#"%"0%
. 0#, .(B#, '(0 .*#"&(J ,( )./0+1( (0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# "(0)&).%"
(0%3#"%'# 4%"% 0%,
*%&)0)%, ,+9
(2# '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2#J )'(.2)*)/%'%, '+"%.2(
(,2( (,2+')#
,2( ).*#"&( ,("6)"> '( 3%,( 4%"% 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '(0 0%. '(
(%,(.2%&)(.2# "(0)&).%" ;+( ,("> (0%3#"%'# 4"(6)% % 0% *%,( '(
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
, /#&4"#&),# '( A J (0 :)'()/#&),#
1
.# '%" ).)/)# % 0%,
#3"%, '(0 4"#1(/2# <%,2% ;+( 0#, 4"(')#, ).6#0+/"%'#, /#. 0% /#&4"%J .#
<%1%. ,)'# %';+)")'#, # 4%$%'#,
( )$+%0 *#"&% .# ,( 4"#/('("> /#. 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, #3"%, <%,2% ;+( <%1% *).%0)5%'# 0% .($#/)%/)-. 1 4%$# '(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0%, %02(".%2)6%, '( ).'(&.)5%/)-. M"(%,(.2%&)(.2#J ).'(&).)5%/)-.N ;+(


<%1%. ,)'# ,(0(//)#.%'%, 4#" 0%, *%&)0)%, '( 0#, %*(/2%'#,
0 /#&4"#&),# '( .# ).)/)# '( #3"%, )./0+1(J ;+( .# 4#'"> ,(" "(4"(,%'# (0
"7# <%,2% ;+( 0#, /#&4"#&),#, ,#/)#%&3)(.2%0(, '(0 4"(,(.2( 4"#1(/2# <%1%.
,)'# "(,+(02#,
/#.2).+%/)-. +. "(,+&(. '( 0%, %02(".%2)6%, ;+( ,(">. 4+(,2%, %
'),4#,)/)-. '( 0%, *%&)0)%, % ,(" "(%,(.2%'%, 1 ;+( ,( '(,/")3(. /#. &%1#"(,
'(2%00(, (. (0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# "(0)&).%" ;+( ,( %.(B% % (,2( ).*#"&(
XI.5.1.2.5

%, (B4(/2%2)6%, '( %2(./)-. )'(.2)*)/%'%, (. 0%, (./+(,2%, 1 ;+( ,("6)">. '(


3%,( 4%"% #")(.2%" 0% 4"(4%"%/)-. 1 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( 0%, .($#/)%/)#.(, ,#.
4"(,(.2%'%, (. 0% %30%
,)$+)(.2(?

!
"

! ! * "

! !* - . -

))&)

!(
.

/ -!

/ -! -

B4(/2%2)6%

.'(&.)5%/)-.

J
!

.% 6)6)(.'% 4+(, .# 2(.$# 4%"% '#.'( )"


#.'( &( ).');+( (0 4%2"-.J .# 2(.$# %'#.'( )"

"%3%9
#

). ).*#"&%/)-.

#2%0
%,(? :%&)0)%, (./+(,2%'%,
:+(.2(? )%$#.%0 "3%.%L

#&# ,( 4+('( #3,("6%" +.% O.)/% *%&)0)% (./+(,2%'% '(,(% ).'(&.)5%/)-.


0% *%&)0)% (. /+(,2)-. (, '( 4"#4)(2%")#, ,2% *%&)0)% ,( &+(,2"% &+1 &#0(,2%
4#" 0% ,)2+%/)-.J .# %/(42% ).'(&.)5%/)-. % 4"(/)# '( &("/%'#J ,).# ;+( (0
&#.2# 2)(.( ;+( ,(" ,+4("6%0#"%'#J +.% 6(5;+( .# <% (0($)'# (,2% ,)2+%/)-.J
,)(.2( ;+( (, &>, /#&# +.% )&4#,)/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#, #/+4%.2(, ,( &+(,2"%. 4"(#/+4%'#, 4#" 0% 4="')'% '( 0% 6)6)(.'%J '(0


2"%3%9
# 1 '( 0% "(*("(./)% ;+( (, (0 4%2"-. (. ,+ 6)'%Q '(,(%. "(/)3)" 6)6)(.'%,J
%+.;+( %0$+.%, *%&)0)%, /#.2(,2%. ;+( (0 4%2"-. (, ;+)(. 6% '(/)')" ;+( 6%.
% <%/(" % &%1#"7% '( (,2%, *%&)0)%, %*)"&% ;+( .# 2)(.( '-.'( )"
XI.5.1.2.6
/#.2).+%/)-.J ,( 4"(,(.2%. 0%, %02(".%2)6%, '( %2(./)-. (,2%30(/)(.'#
/#./(42+%0&(.2( /%'% +.% '( (00%,?
(%,(.2%&)(.2#
.'(&.)5%/)-.
+B)0)# "%,0%'#
,

0 '),(P# 4"#4+(,2# '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2# (,2> (,2"+/2+"%'# 4%"% %2(.'("


*%&)0)%, ;+( 4"#6)(.(. '( +.% (B4(")(./)% '( 6)'% "+"%0J 4"#4)('%' "+"%0
*%&)0)%"J 4#" 0# 2%.2# (0 2%&%P# '( 0% 4"#4)('%'J (0 &#'(0# '( 0% 6)6)(.'%J ,+
).*"%(,2"+/2+"% 1 ,+ 0#/%0)5%/)-. *+("#. (,4(/)%0&(.2( 4(.,%'%, 4%"% %2(.'("
0%, .(/(,)'%'(, 1 #*"(/(" 4#,)3)0)'%'(, '( &(9
#"7%, (. 0% /#.')/)-. '( 6)'%
*%&)0)%"
0 2%&%P# '(0 >"(% '(,2).%'% % /%'% *%&)0)% (, '( %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
<(/2>"(%J (,2%, >"(%, ,(">. %/#"'%'%, '( 0%, .($#/)%/)#.(, /#. %0$+.#,
4"#4)(2%")#, '( 2)(""%, %*(/2%'%,
#. (,2# ,( $%"%.2)5% +.% .+(6% /%,% 4%"% 0%, *%&)0)%, #/+4%.2(, %*(/2%'%, 1
;+( (,2%, ,( &%.2(.$%. 0# &>, 4"-B)&# 4#,)30( '(0 <>3)2%2%.2(")#"
,2% %02(".%2)6% (, 0% 4"#4+(,2% #*"(/)'% % 0#,
%*(/2%'%, 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#

#/+4%.2(, '( 4"#4)('%'(,

7
. (,2( 0%. (,2> ).6#0+/"%'# +. 4"#/(,# '( /#&4(.,%/)-.J (. (0 ;+( 0%
*%&)0)% (, ).'(&.)5%'% 4#" (0 6%0#" '( ,+ 4"#4)('%'J &(9
#"% 1 .($#/)#J
+3)/%'#, (. (0 4("7&(2"# %3%"/%'# 4#" (0 (&3%0,( 1 ,+ >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%
')"(/2%J %*(/2%'#, 4#" (0 "#1(/2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 6%0#" (B%/2# '( "(*("(./)% 4%"% (0 4%$# '( 0%, *%&)0)%, ;+( #42(. 4#" 0%
).'(&.)5%/)-. ,("> (0 ).')/%'# 4#" (0
,2% %02(".%2)6% (, 0% 4"#4+(,2% #*"(/)'% 4%"% 0#, 8 4"#4)(2%")#, %*(/2%'#,
4#" (0 4"#1(/2#
( (,2#, ,#0%&(.2( +.# (,2% &(./)#.%'# 1 /%"%/2(")5%'# (.
(,2( 0%. #&# 1% ,( &(./)#.- %.2(")#"&(.2( (0 4"#/(,# '( .($#/)%/)-. /#.
0#, 4"#4)(2%")#, 0# ')")$( ')"(/2%&(.2( (0 :)'()/#&),# 4#" (./%"$# '(0
:)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%
A

. (0 /%,# '( 0% *%&)0)% #/+4%.2( ;+( 6)6( <%/(


&(,(, (. (0 >"(% '(
%*(/2%/)-. ,( 4"#4#.( +. %+B)0)# 2"%,0%'# (. (0 6%0#" '( 0% /%.%,2% 6)2%0 3>,)/%
;+( (, '( U
J
#'%, 0%, *%&)0)%, ;+( 2)(.(. ;+( 2"%,0%'%",( "(/)3)">. %1+'% 4%"%
2"%.,*("(./)% '( 0#, 3)(.(, &+(30(,
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2% &(')%.2( 0%
%02(".%2)6%, 4"#4+(,2%,?
!
! .

!* -

!
. 6

#
!

#/

.'"(,

(.'#5%

(0 "(,+&(. '( 0%,

))&+
!
!

.
.

-( #

.");+( ##"
%"3%"% ".(,2).% %0%
0)$)# ##"
#<.1 #,( #0#"5%.#

0%6%

5- !

! .

%6)(" (#.%"'# %9
)%# (9
%"
#,(

%30%

(%,(.2%&)(.2#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#

%.+(0 (#.(,
.$(0 (#.(,
.");+( %6)(" %.,).$

%V1).

(%,(.2%&)(.2#

(.) F+)P#.(,
:"().% %"3("%.
.");+( (#.(

0&('# %.2%0(&% +(.2( R )0,#.


H(.%)'%

*;; ?
$#,2#

(,+, A(""("#

%/)%, H%"%2( M ,%+"# ("%N

%&#. ($+.'# (.'#5% 0%6%


)02#.
.");+(
#'")$+(5
MA("('("#,N

M8
8

%/)%,

).,#. %)/('# #"#,#


:%+,2# #".(9
#
%0(./)%
%B)&# (.#")# #'")$+(5

(%,(.2%&)(.2#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
! .

!* -

!
. 6

#
!

#/

))&+
!
!

.
.

-( #

! .

(,%" <)/<%$+%.'#

A(."1 #;+) <%.$

5- !
!

%"6%(5

:"(''1 (0(5W.$+0#
.");+( +>"(5 #0#"5%.#
",(.)#

#.5%0# +%"(5 %,2)00#

(%,(.2%&)(.2#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#

%.+(0 #0#"5%.#
+), #0#"5%.#
1"#. %"('(,

06)%
#"&%

(6%"'#

)03("2#

(0$%'# (0(5

%6).% %./<(5
"%/(0) #0#"5%.#

:(0)B .");+( #"%.


%.2#, H%&3"%.#
)&&1 ('"%.'%
%30# %10#.
.$(0 ("%

"2+"#

.$(0 #00%.2(, #&("#

)/2#")%.# ($+"%
:+(.2(? )%$#.%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

%/<%'#
"3%.%J

(%,(.2%&)(.2#

+5 %")% (6%00#,

(%,(.2%&)(.2#
+B)0)#
"%,0%'#
(%,(.2%&)(.2#

%&#. .");+( %.2#, ('(P#

(%,(.2%&)(.2#

%")% %"$%,
A(."1 #;+) <%.$

(%,(.2%&)(.2#

.'(&.)5%/)-.
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.1.3
0 A '(,%""#00%"> +. 0%. '( (0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, .6#0+/"%'#,J /#.
/#&+.)/%/)-. 3) ')"(//)#.%0 1 "(,4(2%.'# 0% )'(.2)'%'J /+02+"% ( ).2("(,(, '(
0#, ')6(",#, $"+4#,
. (0 /+",# '( (,2(
,( <%. )'(.2)*)/%'# %0$+.#, %,4(/2#, ;+( ,#. '(
).2("=, 4%"% 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, (. 0% 6(/).'%' '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 ;+( 4+('(. ,("6)"
'( 3%,( 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '(2%00%'# '( (,2( 40%. ) 3)(. /%'% $"+4# 4#" ,)
&),&# &("(/( %2(./)-.J (0 4"#4)(2%")# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# '(0 4"#1(/2#J
'(3("> 4")#")5%" ,+, "(0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, %*(/2%'#, ')"(/2#, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (.2"(
(,2#, '),(P%" (.*#;+(, (,4(/7*)/#, 4%"% $"%.'(, 4"#4)(2%")#,J 4(;+(P#,
4"#4)(2%")#, 1 "(,)'(.2(, .# 4"#4)(2%")#,
#, ,)$+)(.2(, ).6#0+/"%'#, '( ).2("=, ,#. 0#, %*(/2%'#, ).')"(/2#, 1 0+($# 0%,
%+2#")'%'(, '(0 >"(% (. '#.'( ,( 6% % 0#/%0)5%" (0 4"#1(/2#J (, '(/)" 0%,
+.)/)4%0)'%'(, '( +(.% := 1 %0(./)% 1 '(.2"# '( 0% 4")&("% 0% +.2%
%""#;+)%0 '( %2")/)% )0%"
%, /#&+.)'%'(, %0('%P%, '(3(">. ,("
4("&%.(.2( ).*#"&%'%, %/("/% '( 0#, %6%./(, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 ,#3"( (0
/+&40)&)(.2# 4#" 4%"2( '( 0% (&4"(,% '( 2#'#, 1 /%'% +.# '( 0#,
/#&4"#&),#, "(,+02%.2(, '(0 4"(,(.2(
1 '( 0#, /+("'#, '( &4%/2#, 1
(.(*)/)#, % 0#, ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# <%1%. %"")3%'# /#.
0%, /#&+.)'%'(,
0 "#0 ;+( 9
+($%. 0#, &(')#, '( /#&+.)/%/)-. .# 4+('( ,(" ,#,0%1%'# 1 (0
:)'()/#&),# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# '(3(">. '),(P%" +. (,;+(&% '( 2"%3%9
# /#.
(,2#, 4%"% 4"#&#6(" (0 4"#1(/2# 1 /#&+.)/%" 0#, %6%./(, '(0 &),&# % 0% $"%.
/#&+.)'%'
, /0%6( ;+( 0% (&4"(,% &#.)2#"(( 4("&%.(.2(&(.2( 0% 4("/(4/)-. '( 0#,
).6#0+/"%'#, %/("/% '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 '(0 '(,(&4(P# '( 0% (&4"(,% %/("/% '(0
/+&40)&)(.2# '(0
'(0
J %,7/#&# '( 0#, /+("'#, ;+( <%1% ,+,/")2#
% (&4"(,%
A J &)(&3"# 4")./)4%0 '(0 :)'()/#&),# 1 /#.,2"+/2#"%
'(,)$.%'% 4%"% (0 4"#1(/2#J '(3("> /#.2).+%" &#,2"%.'# (. (,2( 4"#1(/2# (0
.)6(0 '( /#&4"#&),# /#. 0%, "(0%/)#.(, /#&+.)2%")%, ;+( <% &#,2"%'# (.
#2"#, 4"#1(/2#, '(0 4%7, 1 "(/)(.2(&(.2( (. (0 "#1(/2# %. :"%./),/#
.
4%"2)/+0%"J ,( ,+$)("( /"(%" 1 &%.2(.(" +. (.2"# '( .*#"&%/)-. (. +(.% :=

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

4%"% ;+( ,)"6% /#&# .(B# (.2"( 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, 1 (0 4"#1(/2#


')/)#.%0&(.2(
'(3"(/<2 '(3("> &%.2(.(" +.% '(4(.'(./)% 4%"%
).*#"&%/)-. (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# '(0 4"#1(/2#
')/)#.%0&(.2(J (0 :)'()/#&),# '(3("> )'(.2)*)/%" 0%, .(/(,)'%'(, 4+.2+%0(,
'( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, %'1%/(.2(, % 0% #3"% 4%"% ;+( 0%, %4#1( (. %,4(/2#, 2%0(,
/#&# '(&%.'% '( (&40(#J /%4%/)2%/)-. 0%3#"%0J %4#1# % (,/+(0%, 1 /(.2"#, '(
,%0+'J /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 (. (&4"(.')&)(.2#, 4"#'+/2)6#,J
/#.2"%2%/)-. '( ,("6)/)#,J (.2"( #2"#,
'(3"(/<2 "(/(42%"> ).;+)(2+'(, '( %&40)%" ).*#"&%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,+
(9
(/+/)-. 1 %6%./(,J 0%, &),&%, ;+( ,(">. /%.%0)5%'%, % 0%, >"(%,
/#""(,4#.')(.2(,J /#. (0 /#&4"#&),# '( '%"0(, "(,4+(,2% %'(/+%'% (. 40%5#,
"%5#.%30(, , /0%6( '%" ,($+)&)(.2# % 0#, 2)(&4#, '( "(,4+(,2% % 0%,
).;+)(2+'(, 1 2"%2%" '( ,(" 4"(%/2)6#, 4"#6(1(.'# ).*#"&%/)-. /#""(/2% (.
&#&(.2#, %'(/+%'#, ,#3"( (0 4"#1(/2# 1 4#" ,#3"( 2#'# ,#3"( (0
/+&40)&)(.2# '(0 :)'()/#&),# '( 0#, /#&4"#&),#, '(0
1 '( 0#,
/+("'#, % 0#, ;+( <%1% 00($%'# /#. 0#, ')6(",#, ).6#0+/"%'#,
%, %+2#")'%'(, 4"#6)./)%0(,J /%.2#.%0(, 1 4%""#;+)%0(, '(3(. ,("
/#.2).+%&(.2( ).*#"&%'%, '( 0#, 4"#$"(,#, '( 0% #3"% 1 '(0 /+&40)&)(.2# '(
/#&4"#&),#, 1 (0 :)'()/#&),# '(3( &#,2"%" *0(B)3)0)'%' 4%"% %/#&#'%"
'(&%.'%, 4+.2+%0(, ;+( ,( (./+(.2"(. (. (0 &%"/# '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 ;+(
4("&)2%. ;+( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, ,)(.2%. ;+( =,2( %/2O% '( &%.("% 4#,)2)6% ,
'( 4%"2)/+0%" )&4#"2%./)% 0% %"2)/+0%/)-. '(0 '(,%""#00# '( 0#, 40%.(, '(
4),/)/+02+"% 1 2+"),&# /#. 0#, 40%.(, /%.2#.%0(, '( '(,%""#00# '( 0%, >"(%,
).6#0+/"%'%, , /0%6( 4%"% &%B)&)5%" 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, % 0% /#&+.)'%' 0#/%0
;+( (,2% 4%"2)/)4( '( &%.("% %/2)6% (. (,2#, 40%.(, 1 (0 :)'()/#&),# '(3(">
<%/(" 2#'#, 0#, (,*+("5#, 4#,)30(, 4%"% 0#$"%" ;+( (,2# #/+""% ,2# )./0+)">
/%4%/)2%" % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 0#/%0(, 2%.2# (. 4),/)/+02+"% /+%.2# (. 2+"),&# 1
(. %,4(/2#, '( '(,%""#00# '( (,47")2+ (&4"(.'('#" 1 $(,2)-. (&4"(,%")%0
%, "(0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, "($+0%'#"(, %&3)(.2%0(, '(3(. ,(" /#.2).+%, 1
2"%.,4%"(.2(, , )&4#"2%.2( &%.2(.(" /#&+.)/%/)-. *0+)'% /#.
J
(0 ).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2( 1 0%, >"(%, %&3)(.2%0(, '( 0% "(*(/2+"% '( #,
7#, 1 '( 0#, /%.2#.(, +(.% := 1 %0(./)%
,2#, "($+0%'#"(, '(3(. (,2%"
).*#"&%'#, '( 0#, %6%./(, '( 0% #3"% 1 '(0 /+&40)&)(.2# '(0
1 '( 0#,
/+("'#, % 0#, ;+( <%1% 00($%'# (0 /#.,#"/)# /#. 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, '(0
4"#1(/2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

, '( )&4#"2%./)% /0%6( 0%, "(0%/)#.(, '(0 A /#. ,+ ,#/)# (0 :)'()/#&),#


"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% M1 4#" (.'(
NQ (. 4%"2)/+0%" (0
#.,#"/)# '(3("> %4#1%" 0#, (,*+("5#, '(
(. &(9
#"%" ,+ '(,(&4(P#
%&3)(.2%0 1 ,#/)%0 ,2# (, /0%6( 2%.2# 4%"% (0 #.,#"/)# /#&# 4%"%
1 %,($+"%"> ;+( (0 4"#1(/2# ,)$% '%.'# 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, 2%.2# %&3)(.2%0(, /#&#
,#/)%0(, 1 (/#.-&)/#, %O. 0+($# '( ;+( (0 40%5# '(0 /#.2"%2# /+0&).(
0 (.2"# '( .*#"&%/)-. # '( "2)/+0%/)-. /#. 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, '(3(">
#*"(/(" % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, /<%"0%, 1 /%4%/)2%/)-. (. 2(&%, '( ).2("=, &+2+#
)./0+1(.'# %0+' "(6(.2)6%J (')# &3)(.2( 1J "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '(
)(,$#,J (.2"( #2"#, ;+( ,( /#.,)'("(. .(/(,%")#,
(3)'# %0 2)4# '( #3"% 1 0%, )..#6%/)#.(, /#.,2"+/2)6%, 1 #4("%2)6%, ;+( ,(
%40)/%">. (. (0 4"#1(/2#J ,( /#.,)'("% /0%6( 4%"% &(9
#"%" (0 )&4%/2# '(0
&),&#J '),(P%" +. (,;+(&% '( 4%"2)/)4%/)-. 1 /%4%/)2%/)-. '( (,2+')%.2(, '(
).$(.)("7% /)6)0 1 '( #2"%, 4"#*(,)#.(, "(0%/)#.%'%, %0 4"#1(/2#J '( 0%,
+.)6(",)'%'(, 0#/%0(, 1 "($)#.%0(,
0 :)'()/#&),# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# 1 0% /#.,2"+/2#"% '(3(">. '(,%""#00%" +.
4"#$"%&% '( 4%,%.27%, '( 4"#*(,#"(, 1 (,2+')%.2(, '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
'(0 4"#1(/2# 1 '(,%""#00%" &%2(")%0(, ')'>/2)/#, "(0%/)#.%'#, 4%"% ;+( ,(
+2)0)/(. (. 0% *#"&%/)-. '( ).$(.)("#, (. 0%, +.)6(",)'%'(, '(0 4%7, (
,+$)("( ;+( ,( '(,%""#00( +. 4"#$"%&% '( 6),)2%, 4%"% (,/+(0%,J /#0($)#, 1
+.)6(",)'%'(, '( 0% 5#.% '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 '(0 4%7,
. $"+4# )&4#"2%.2( '( ).6#0+/"%'#, (, (0 '(
, %&3)(.2%0),2%, 1
#4#,)2#"(, %0 4"#1(/2# ( ,+$)("( ;+( /#. (,2#, $"+4#, ,( &%.2(.$% +.%
"(0%/)-. '( 4"#6),)-. '( ).*#"&%/)-. 1 &#.)2#"(# '( 4("/(4/)#.(,
( ,+$)("( ;+( 0% (,2"+/2+"% '(0 (.2"# '( (0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, .6#0+/"%'#,
2(.$% (,4%/)# ,+*)/)(.2(J 4"(*(")30(&(.2( )./0+1(.'# +.% ,%0% 4%"% /<%"0%,J '(
&%.("% ;+( ,( 4+('% &#,2"%" ).*#"&%/)-. ,+*)/)(.2( ,#3"( (0 4"#1(/2#J ,+,
%6%./(, 1 (6)'(./)% '( 0#, %6%./(, '( /+&40)&)(.2# '(0
1 0#,
/#&4"#&),#, ,+,/")2#, 4#" (0 :)'()/#&),#
0 %&4%&(.2# '(3("> )./0+)" +. (,4%/)# 4%"% /%4%/)2%/)-. 4%"% %2(.'(" %
$"+4#, '( 6),)2%.2(, % 0% #3"%
%, "(0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, '(3(">. ,(" &%.(9
%'%, 4#" 0% &>B)&%
%+2#")'%' '(0 :)'()/#&),# # '( 0% (.2)'%' $(,2#"% '(0 4"#1(/2# # ,+,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'(0($%'#, 0 (.2"# '( (0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, '(3("> 2(.(" +.%
(,2"+/2+"% #"$%.)5%2)6% ;+( 0( 4("&)2% "(,4#.'(" '( &%.("% >$)0 % ,+,
'(&%.'%,J /#. %//(,# ')"(/2# % 0% %+2#")'%' &>B)&% '(0 :)'()/#&),# # '( 0%
(.2)'%' $(,2#"%
(3("> .#&3"%",( +. "(,4#.,%30( 4%"% (0 (.2"# '(
(0%/)#.(, /#. 0#, ).6#0+/"%'#, (0 &),&# ;+( "(4#"2%"> ')"(/2%&(.2( % 0%
%+2#")'%' &>B)&% '(0 :)'()/#&),# # '( 0% (.2)'%' $(,2#"%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.1.4
XI.5.1.4.1

% /#.,2"+//)-. '( "(4"(,%, $(.("% /#.*0)/2#, ,#/)%0(,J (/#.-&)/#, 1


&(')#%&3)(.2%0(, ;+( '(3(. ,(" &%.(9
%'#, '( &%.("% #4#"2+.% 1
%4"#4)%'%
,2# <% 00(6%'# % 0% %'&).),2"%/)-. 4O30)/% 1 % 0#, 4"#4)#,
<%3)2%.2(, '( 0%, 5#.%, "+"%0(, %*(/2%'%,J % 3+,/%" +,#, %02(".%2)6#, %0 *).
4")./)4%0 4%"% (0 /+%0 *+("#. /#.,2"+)'#, 0#, (&3%0,(,
. +,# %02(".%2)6# (, (0 '(,%""#00# '(0 2+"),&# "+"%0 ,2% %/2)6)'%' '(3(">
(.&%"/%",( (. 0#, 4%">&(2"#, '( ,#,2(.)3)0)'%' 1 /%0)'%' ;+( 4("&)2% (0 +,#
"%/)#.%0 '( 0#, "(/+",#, .%2+"%0(, 1 (0 3(.(*)/)# (/#.-&)/# '( 0%,
/#&+.)'%'(, 0#/%0(,
,2% &#'%0)'%' '( 2+"),&# (, +.% %02(".%2)6% %0
00%&%'# I +"),&# '( ,#0 1 40%1%G 1 ,( 6)(.( /#.,#0)'%.'# (. 0#, O02)&#,
%P#, (. (0 &%"/# '(0 +"),&# +"%0J #")$).%.'# +.% 4#2(./)%0&(.2(
)&4#"2%.2( *+(.2( '( ).$"(,#, 4%"% 0#, 4#30%'#"(, '( 0#, 2("")2#")#, %*(/2%'#,
. 6)"2+' '( 0% )&4#"2%./)% 4%"% 0% (/#.#&7% 0#/%0 ;+( 4+('( "(4"(,(.2%" (0
4#2(./)%0 2+"7,2)/# '(0 (&3%0,(J ,( 4"(,(.2% (. (,2% ,(//)-. 0#, 0).(%&)(.2#,
'(0 4"#$"%&% '( '(,%""#00# 2+"7,2)/#J "(/#.#/)(.'# ;+( (0 &),&# (, 4%"2(
).2($"%0 '(0 4"#$"%&% '( '(,%""#00# (/#.-&)/# 1 ,#/)%0 '(0 "#1(/2#
#" 0%, "%5#.(, (B4+(,2%, ,( 4"#4#.( 0% *#"&+0%/)-. '( +. "#$"%&% '(
(,%""#00# +"7,2)/#J ;+( '(2("&).( (0 2)4# '( 2+"),&# 6)%30( (. 0% 5#.% '(0
"#1(/2# 1 ,+, 4")./)4%0(, %/2#"(,
#. "(,4(/2# % 0#, %/2#"(, (, )&4#"2%.2(
"(,%02%" ;+( (0 "#$"%&% '(3( $%"%.2)5%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0% /#&+.)'%'
0#/%0 (. (0 4"#/(,# '( 40%.)*)/%/)-. 1 '( 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, '( 0% %/2)6)'%'
%
4%"2)/)4%/)-. %/2)6% '( 0% /#&+.)'%' (. 0% *#"&+0%/)-. '(0 "#$"%&% ,(">
/"+/)%0 4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. (*(/2)6% '(0 0%. '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.
'(0 (&3%0,(
% *%02% '( +. "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/# "(,+02%"> (. 0% ,+3+2)0)5%/)-.
'( 0#, "(/+",#,J (. +. '(,%""#00# '(,#"'(.%'# '( 0% %/2)6)'%' # (. 0% %+,(./)%
'( 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, '( 0% %/2)6)'%' 2+"7,2)/% 4#" 4%"2( '( 0%
/#&+.)'%'

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 '),(P# ( )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/# (. 0% 5#.%


'(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,( ,( '(3("> ).)/)%" '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# 0
4"#4-,)2# '(0 ).)/)# 2(&4"%.# (, %4"#6(/<%" (0 0%4,# '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%
4"(,% 1 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( 4%"% '(,%""#00%" 0%, /%4%/)'%'(, 0#/%0(, 1 0%
).*"%(,2"+/2+"% .(/(,%")%
% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&% 4"#6((">
%02(".%2)6%, 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0% %/2)6)'%' 2+"7,2)/% (. 0% 5#.%J ;+( 4#'">.
$(.("%" *+(.2(, '( 2"%3%9
# %02(".%, % 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, %$"7/#0%,
XI.5.1.4.2

% 5#.% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2% 2)(.( +. %&40)# 4#2(./)%0 '( '(,%""#00#


2+"7,2)/#J 2%.2# /#&# +. (.2( '( '(,%""#00# '( 2+"),&# ).2(".# K(0 ;+( "(%0)5%.
0#, "(,)'(.2(, '( +. 4%7, '(.2"# '( ,+ 4"#4)% *"#.2("%J /#&# '(0 2+"),&#
"(/(42#" K(0 ;+( "(%0)5%. 0#, .# "(,)'(.2(, ;+( 6)%9
%. '(.2"# '(0 2("")2#")#
'(2("&).%'#
0 2+"),&# ).2(".# % 4(,%" '( .# $(.("%" ')6),%, 4#" 0% (.2"%'% # ,%0)'% '(
6),)2%.2(,J #")$).% #2"#, 3(.(*)/)#, (/#.-&)/#, (. 0% 5#.% /#&# 0%
"('),2")3+/)-. '( 0% "(.2% 1 0% /"(%/)-. '( (&40(# (.)(.'# (. /+(.2% #2"%,
/0%,)*)/%/)#.(, '(0 2+"),&#J 4 ( 0% '+"%/)-. '( 0% (,2%./)% '(0 6)%9
(J # (0
&#2)6# '(0 &),&#
. (0 /%,# '( 0% 5#.% '(0
(,2%&#, <%30%.'# '( +.
2+"),&# ')")$)'# % 6),)2%.2(, '( 2)4# (B/+",)#.),2% M,). 4(".#/2%/)-.NJ /+1%
6),)2% 2(.'"> /#&# #39
(2)6# #")(.2%",( <%/)% +. /)"/+)2# ')6(",# (. /+%.2# %
0%, /+%0)'%'(, '(0 4"#'+/2# , 4#,)30( ;+( /#. 0% '(3)'% 40%.)*)/%/)-. (,2(
'(,2).# M
N 4+('% /#.6("2)",( (. +. /#.9
+.2# '( 4"#'+/2# ;+( '(9
( '( ,("
)2).("%.2( 4%"% /#.6("2)",( (. 2+"),&# '( (,2%./)%
%, 4#,)30(,J &>, .# O.)/%,J "%&%, % '(,%""#00%" % 4%"2)" '(0 4#2(./)%0
)'(.2)*)/%'# ,#. 2+"),&# /+02+"%0J %$"#2+"),&# 1 2+"),&# '( #/)# "(/"(%/)-. #
6%/%/)#.%0 . (0 /%,# '(0 2+"),&# 6%/%/)#.%0 4#'(&#, /#.,)'("%" (0 2+"),&#
'(4#"2)6# 1 "+"%0 /#&# 4%"2( '(0 &),&# M (" :)$+"%
N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

. 6

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

( 1/. ))&)
!/. -#
! #/ ! . 5-

..

0 &("/%'# 2+"7,2)/#J % (B4%.')",(J '( 0#, 4"#'+/2#, $(.("%'#, (. 0% 5#.% '(0


(,2%"> 3>,)/%&(.2( +3)/%'# (. 0%, /)+'%'(, '( F+(6('#J %3%<#1#J
%.2# #&).$#J +%1%;+)0 1 F+)2#Q %/2+%0&(.2( (0 &("/%'# (, &>, '( 7.'#0(
0#/%0J /(.2"%'# (. 0#, /%.2#.(, '( +(.% :=J F+(6('# 1 %0(./)%J %,7/#&# 0%,
4#30%/)#.(, &>, 4(;+(P%, '( (,2#, /%.2#.(,
. (0 /%,# '( +%1%;+)0 1
F+)2#J ,#. &+1 )&4#"2%.2(, 4#";+( % &>, '( ,(" 0%, '#, /)+'%'(, &>,
$"%.'(, '(0 4%7,J (0
;+('%"> %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( (. 0% &)2%' '( 0% 67%
2(""(,2"( (.2"( %&3%, /)+'%'(,
(3("> "(%0)5%",( +. (,2+')# '(0 *0+9
#
2+"7,2)/# %/2+%0 (. 0% 5#.%
0
&("(/( 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( +.% 40%.)*)/%/)-. 1 $(,2)-. '( ,+ (,4%/)#
/#&# #39
(2)6# '( #42)&)5%/)-. ,#/)%0 1 (/#.-&)/% '( 0#, "(/+",#, 1 ,("6)/)#,
2+"7,2)/#, 4%"% 0% 4#30%/)-. 0#/%0
%, <(""%&)(.2%, '(,%""#00%'%, 4("&)2)">.J
&(')%.2( %//)#.(, % 4")#")J %"2)/+0%" 0% %/2)6)'%' 2+"7,2)/% #")(.2%.'# 1
4#,2(")#"&(.2( /#.2"#0%.'# 0%, ).2("6(./)#.(, '( 0#, %$(.2(, 2+"7,2)/#, (. (0
2("")2#")# 3%9
# 0#, 4%">&(2"#, '( ,#,2(.)3)0)'%' 1 "(,4(/2# &(')#%&3)(.2%0
% 40%.)*)/%/)-. '(4(.'("> (. $"%. &(')'% '( 0%, 4#072)/%, 2+"7,2)/%, ;+( ,(
%40);+(. (. (0 (,4%/)# 2+"7,2)/# ;+( 4+('( /#.6("2)",( (0
%, %/2)6)'%'(, 2)(.(. &%1#" # &(.#" '(&%.'% '(4(.')(.'# '(0 $"+4#
#39
(2)6# %0 ;+( ,( (,2%"7% ')")$)(.'# +. 4"#'+/2# M (" %30%
N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
-(
!*

5
-

+,(#

!*

%1#")2%")%&(.2(
+"3%.#
"3%.# K "+"%0
+.2+%0 K"+"%0

#.+&(.2#,
"2(,%.7%

))&,
- - 1:

-/ /-

/!/. -!
.2(.,#

!/.;-!

$ #
# .
(0(6%'%

.2(.,# 4+.2+%0
#/# ).2(.,#

&(')%
&(')%

.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(
.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(
.2(.,# 4+.2+%0

(0(6%'%

.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(
#/# ).2(.,#
.2(.,# 4+.2+%0
#/# ).2(.,#
.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(

&(')%

+2%,

"3%.#J "+"%0 # &)B2%

%,2"#.#&7%

"3%.# K "+"%0

%/)&)(.2#,
%";+(#0-$)/#,
(0)$)#,%,

"3%.# K "+"%0

2.#$">*)/%,
$"#2+"),&#
+"%0
(4#"2(,
%/+>2)/#,

"3%.# K "+"%0
+"%0
+"%0
+"%0

(4#"2(,
2(""(,2"(,

+"%0

.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(

(0(6%'%

"3%.# "+"%0

.2(.,)'%'
6%")%30(

(0(6%'%

"3%.#J "+"%0 # &)B2#

O')/%,
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

! .

(0(6%'%
%9
%

%9
%
(0(6%'%
%9
%
(0(6%'%

+%1%;+)0J
F+)2#
+(./%
% )0% #
#.2(/"),2)J
%.%37
+2% '(0 #0J
+2% '(0 /%/%#
%0).%,J %0/('#J
#/%*+("2(
%0%.$#J
#/<%,;+7
)"$(. '(0
),.(J 0%, %9
%,
&%5#.7%
+%1%,J 0 "#
#2#4%B)
<#.$-.J "+2%
'(0 ,#0
(0("),&#J ,+"*J
4(,/%
#2#/"#,,J
S%"2).$J <)S).$J
2"(SS).$J 3)S).$
),.(1

0 +,# 2+"7,2)/# '(0


%0 ).)/)# ,("> 4#/# ).2(.,)6# K(,4%/)#, %&40)#, ,).
(B/(,)6% 4"(,)-. 2+"7,2)/% J 4("# ,+ &(2% '(3("> 4"#1(/2%",( /#&#
&(')%.%&(.2( ).2(.,)6# K'(.,)'%' '( 2+"),2%, &(')% (. +. (,4%/)#
"('+/)'#
0 &#'(0# 4"#4+(,2# (, (0 &#'(0# ).2(" .#'%0 # /)"/+)2#J (, +.
'(,40%5%&)(.2# 0).(%0 ;+( (.2"%"7% '(,'( 0% /%""(2("%J /#&# ,( '(&+(,2"% (.
0% :)$+"%
,)$+)(.2(?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

. /!
. 6

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

( 1/. ))&+
!/.;-!
.
#/ ! . 5- !

/ -!

% 4"#4+(,2% (. 2#".# %0 2+"),&# /+02+"%0 (, /#&4%"2)" 0% $(,2)-. '(0 &),&#


(.2"( 0#, %$(.2(, 4")6%'#, 1 0% 4"#4)% /#&+.)'%' '( /)+'%'%.#,
. 0#,
(,4%/)#, "+"%0(,J /#. 6%0#"(, '( +,# 2+"7,2)/# &+/<# &(.#"(,J ,( '(3(.
%40)/%" %//)#.(, '( "(/+4("%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '(0 4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0
/#. /")2(")#, '( ,#,2(.)3)0)'%' ( ).2($"%/)-. /#. 0( &(')# .%2+"%0 /("/%.#J %,7
/#&# (. (,2)0# '( 6)'% 2"%')/)#.%0J ;+( %0 &),&# 2)(&4#J /#.,2)2+1( +. 6%0#"
%P%')'# # (,2%&#, "(/#&(.'%.'# +. 2+"),&# '( &%,%,J ,).# +. 2+"),&#
,#,2(.)30( '( /%0)'%' 4("# /#. +.
$ '(*).)'#
%, ')*("(./)%, ,#.
(6)'(.2(, /#&# 4#'(&#, 6(" (. 0% %30%
0 2+"),2% ;+( 6),)2( 0% 5#.% '(3( ,(" %/2)6#J ').>&)/#J /+02# ( )&%$).%2)6#J
/#. +. (,47")2+ /+")#,# ;+( 0# 00(6( % 4"%/2)/%" '(4#"2(, ( ).2("(,%'# 4#"
/#.#/(" &#'#, '( 6)'% ')*("(.2(,
0 2+"),2% #39
(2)6# 4+('( ,(" &%.(9
%'#
/#&# ).')6)'+# # $"+4#, &+1 (,4(/7*)/#,
2+"),&# 4"#1(/2%'# '(3(">
/#.2"#0%" 0% /%4%/)'%' '( /%"$%J 0% &),&% ;+( ,("> "(4%"2)'% % 0# 0%"$# '(0
%P#J .# 4"#4(.')(.'# % 0% &%"/%'% (,2%/)#.%0)'%'
( '(3("> &(9
#"%" /#.
(,2#, *).(, 0% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% <#2(0("%J 4"#4#.)(.'# %0#9
%&)(.2#, %02(".%2)6#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#&# /%,%, "+"%0(, # (/#/%&4).$, 0 2+"),2% 3+,/% )2).("%")#, 4('(,2"(,J


/)/0#2+"),&#J 6(0%J 6),)2%, % /(.2"#, /+02+"%0(,J (.2"( 0#, &>, "(4"(,(.2%2)6#
(.)(.'# (. /+(.2% (,2%, ')6(",%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, ,( 0#$"%"> +. 2+"),&#
'(*(.,)6# 1 /#.2"#0%'#J ;+( '(3("> %/(42%" 0%, 0)&)2%/)#.(, '(0 /+)'%'# (. 0%
/%4%/)'%' '( /%"$%
!
( .

!.

!/.

-#

!/. -!

))&0
-

-!

# - -

!/.

)4# '( *"(/+(.2%/)-.

)4# '( %0#9


%&)(.2#

/2)6)'%'(, "(%0)5%'%, (. (0
'(,2).# 2+"7,2)/#

J
:
X J

F
J

J
J
J

:"(/+(.2%/)-. '( 3%"(, 1 0#/%0(,


.#/2+".#,J "(,2%+"%.2(, '(
:
/#&)'% ">4)'%J 4%";+(,
%/+>2)/#, 1 "(/"(%2)6#,J &).)$#0*
A

J
J
J

:
#&4#"2%&)(.2#J
&4%/2# ,#3"( (0 &(')#

%,)*)/%'%J (,2%/)#.%0

A#2(0(, $"%.'(, 1
/#.6(./)#.%0(,J
%4%"2%&(.2#, 1 /%&4).$,

"$%.)5%'# 4#" 2#+"


#4("%'#"(,

)4# '( '(&%.'%

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

H J

#0 1 40%1%J 6%/%/)#.(,
&#.#2(&>2)/%,J 4"(/)#, 3%9
#,

#2)6# '(0 6)%9


(

- -

- -!
J

%,)6#J (,2>2)/#J %9
(.#J 3%9
# .)6(0
'( *#"&%/)-.

)4# '( +"),2%

-#

!/. -!

*(.,)6# 1 %$"(,)6#
"(/)&)(.2# )./#.2"#0%'#

0 ,)$+)(.2( 4%,# % '(,%""#00%" (, (0 0%. )/"#/0+,2(" '(0


/#. 0%,
"(,4(/2)6%, (,2"%2($)%, '( #"$%.)5%/)-.J #4("%/)-.J &("/%'(# 1 0#, 4"#1(/2#,
4")#")2%")#, '( ).6(",)-.
%"% (0 '),(P# '(0 40%. '(3("> 2(.(",( (. /+(.2% (0
0%. /0+2(" '(0 )2#"%0 ;+( &%.(9
% (0 ).),2(")# '( +"),&#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.1.4.3

. $(.("%0J 0#, (&3%0,(, /#.,2)2+1(. 4+.2#, %'(/+%'#, 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '(


2+"),&# '(4#"2)6# 1 '( .%2+"%0(5% 0 "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/# (. 0%
5#.% '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,( '(3("> /#.,)'("%" 0# ,)$+)(.2(?
(,%""#00%" 4"#$"%&%, '( /"=')2# 4%"% (&4"(.')&)(.2#, 2+"7,2)/#,
4"#4+(,2#, 4#" 0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'%
%4%/)2%" (. .#"&%, '( <)$)(.( 1 ,("6)/)# %0 /0)(.2( % 0#, 4#30%'#"(,
0#/%0(, ).2("(,%'#, (. 3").'%" ,("6)/)#, '( 2+"),&#
(,%""#00%" 4"#$"%&%, '( /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0J (.*#/%'#, % 0#,
4#30%'#"(, 0#/%0(, ).2("(,%'#, (. 2"%3%9
%" /#&# $+7%, '( 2+"),&#
(/#0-$)/# 1L# '( %6(.2+"%
&40(&(.2%" +. /(.2"# '( ).2("4"(2%/)-. 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# ).2($"%0 '( 0%
).*#"&%/)-. "(0%2)6% % 0#, 3(.(*)/)#,J )&4#"2%./)% 1 &%.(9
# '(0
(&3%0,(
,2( /(.2"# 4+('( (,2%" ).2($"%'# # %.(B# % 0#, /(.2"#, '(
).2("4"(2%/)-. 0#/%0
(%0)5%" (.2"(6),2%, *#"&%0(, ( ).*#"&%0(, % 0#, 4#30%'#"(, '(0 >"(%J 0%,
&),&%, ;+( ,(">. (,(./)%0(, 4%"% #32(.(" +.% #4).)-. %'(/+%'% '(
,+, ).2("(,(,J %,7 /#&# '( 0% +3)/%/)-. '( ,(.'("#,J %2"%//)#.(,
4#2(./)%0(, 1 #2"#, 2)4#, '( ).*#"&%/)-.
(%0)5%" (.2"(6),2%, % /)(.27*)/#,J /#. (B4(")(./)% (. 0% 5#.%J ;+(
4#'"7%. ).*#"&%" %/("/% '( 0% +3)/%/)-. '( 0% 6)'% ,)06(,2"( (,4(/)%0 #
(. 4(0)$"#J /#. 4#2(./)%0 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '( (/#2+"),&#
(%0)5%" (.2"(6),2%, % #4("%'#"(, 2+"7,2)/#, ;+( (,2=. 4#2(./)%0&(.2(
).2("(,%'#, (. 4"#&#6(" (0 2+"),&# (. 0% 5#.%
(%0)5%" (+.)#.(, 1 %00("(, (.2"( 2#'#, 0#, %/2#"(, ,#/)%0(,?
).,2)2+/)#.(, $+3(".%&(.2%0(,J .# $+3(".%&(.2%0(,J +.)6(",)'%'(,J
4#30%/)-. 0#/%0J #4("%'#"(, 2+"7,2)/#,J (2/
,2#, 2%00("(, /#.,2)2+)">.
&(')#, 6%0)#,#, 4%"% #32(.(" ).*#"&%/)-. 4"#6(.)(.2( '( 0%,
#4).)#.(, '( ).')6)'+#, 1 #"$%.)5%/)#.(, ).*#"&%'%, %/("/% '( 0%
5#.% 1 ,#3"( %0$+.#, %,4(/2#, "(0(6%.2(, %0 '(,%""#00# '(0 "#$"%&% '(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(,%""#00#J /#&# 4#" (9


(&40#? F+( %2"%//)#.(, 2(.'"> 0% 5#.%J ;+(
')*)/+02%'(, ,( 4"(,(.2%">.J /+%0(, ,("7%. 0#, 6),)2%.2(, 4#2(./)%0(,J (2/
(%0)5%" ).,4(//)#.(, '( /%&4# 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0#, 4+.2#, %'(/+%'#,
4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( /(.2"#, 2+"7,2)/#,J 4"(6)# /#.,(.,# /#. 0#,
%/2#"(, ).2("(,%'#,
(2("&).%" 0%, 4#2(./)%0)'%'(, 2+"7,2)/%, '(0 ,(/2#"J +2)0)5%.'# /#&#
"(*("(./)% 0% ).*#"&%/)-. "(,4(/2# % *%/)0)'%'(, (B),2(.2(,? /%&).#,J
).*"%(,2"+/2+"%J 2"%.,4#"2(J (2/ 4"(,(.2%'# (. (0 4"(,(.2(
(2("&).%" (0 6%0#" 2+"7,2)/# '( 0#, /#""('#"(, '( "(,("6% 1 4"#2(//)-.
'( *0#"% 1 *%+.%6 ;+( ,( /"(%">. %0"('('#" '(0 (&3%0,(
'(.2)*)/%" /#.*0)/2#, 4"#3%30(, '( 0% ).'+,2")% 2+"7,2)/% /#. #2"%,
%/2)6)'%'(, (/#.-&)/%, ;+( ,( %,)(.2%. (. (0 >"(%
(%0)5%" +. (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' 4%"% 0% /"(%/)-. '( 40%1%, #
3%0.(%")#, %"2)*)/)%0(,J /#.,)'("%.'# (. 0#, (,2+')#, '( /%"$% 0#, +,#,
4"(,+.2)6#, '(0 %$+% 0 (,2+')# "(%0)5%"> 0% )'(.2)*)/%/)-.J (6%0+%/)-.
1 ,(0(//)-. '( ,)2)#, '( 40%1% (. 0% 5#.% '(0 4"#1(/2# % ,(0(//)-. 1
4#,2(")#" /"(%/)-. '( (,2#, ,)2)#, '( 40%1% '(3("> /#.,)'("%" /")2(")#,
3>,)/#,J 2%0(, /#&#? 2#4#$"%*7% /#. 4(.')(.2( ,+%6(J 6($(2%/)-.J 2)4#
'( ,+(0#,J %//(,)3)0)'%'J 3(00(5% (,/=.)/% 1 6),+%0 %3)("2%
XI.5.1.4.4

/#.2).+%/)-. 0% %30%
,( 4"(,(.2% +. /#.9
+.2# '( %/2)6)'%'(,
4"#4+(,2%, % /#.,)'("%/)-. '(0 :)'()/#&),# 4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0
4"#$"%&% '( '(,%""#00# 2+"7,2)/# 1 ,+, 07.(%, '( %//)-.

( (.2)(.'( 4#" /#""('#"(, '( "(,("6% 1 4"#2(//)-. %;+(00%, *"%.9


%, '( ,+(0# .# +"3%.)5%30(J
/#.,2)2+)'%, 4#" *#"&%/)#.(, 6($(2%0(, .%2+"%0(, # /+02)6%'%,J %"3-"(%,J %"3+,2)6%, # <("3>/(%,J '(
'#&).)# 4O30)/# # 4")6%'#J /+1%, *+./)#.(, ,#. 0%, '( /#.,("6%" (0 %$+%J (0 ,+(0#J 0% *0#"%J 0% *%+.%
,)06(,2"( 1L# 0%, >"(%, %0('%P%, % #3"%, '( ).$(.)("7% ;+( '(3(. &%.2(.(",( 3%9
# &(')'%, (,4(/)%0(, '(
4"#2(//)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
!*
! *

- .
-

/ -! - &

))&4

. 1. #

$ ! * -

,2+')# '( *0+9


#
2+"7,2)/# 1 '( /%4%/)'%'
'( '(,%""#00# 2+"7,2)/#
'( 0% 5#.%
,2+')# ,#3"( (0 /)/0# '(
6)'% '( +.% ).6(",)-. %
0%"$# 40%5# (. (0
(&3%0,( %3% 1 ,+ (9
(
2+"7,2)/#

- ..
/.

!/.

-!
#

! .

#.#/(" (0 &#6)&)(.2# '( 2+"),2%,


1 4"#1(/2%" ,+ /"(/)&)(.2# % 4%"2)"
'(0 4("*)0 (,2%30(/)'#

&(,(,

,2( 4"#1(/2# '(3( ,("


"(%0)5%'# 4"(6)# %0 ).)/)#
'( 0%, #3"%, '(0 4"#1(/2#

.6(.2%")# '(2%00%'# '( 0#,


"(/+",#, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%
')"(/2% ,2+')#, '( 4"(*%/2)3)0)'%'
1 *%/2)3)0)'%' '( 0#, (9
(, 40%.2(%'#,
(. (0 40%.
),(P#, '( 4"#1(/2#, *).%0(,
0%.(, '( ).6(",)#. 1 %3%.'#.#

&(,(,

,2% &(')'% '(3( ,("


"(%0)5%'% '( &%.("%
).&(')%2% .2(, '( 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, #3"%,
'(0 4"#1(/2#

),(P# '(0 0%.


)/"#/0+,2(" '(0
"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3%J
)./0+)'%, 0%, (,2"%2($)%,
'( #"$%.)5%/)-.J
#4("%/)-.J &("/%'(# 1
4"#1(/2#, 4")#")2%")#,
'( ).6(",)-.

),(P# '( (,2"%2($)%, '(


#"$%.)5%/)-.J #4("%/)-.J &("/%'(#
1 4"#1(/2# '( ).6(",)-. '( 0% 5#.%
'(0 (&3%0,( ./0+)'% 0% $(,2)-.
%,#/)%'% '( 0#, %2"%/2)6#, 2+"7,2)/#,
'( 0% 5#.% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2%

&(,(,

(3("> /#&(.5%" ,+
2"%3%9
# %0 &#&(.2# '(
/#&(.5%" 0%, #3"%, '(
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
1 #3"%, /#&40(&(.2%")%,

),(P# 1
(B4(")&(.2%/)-. '(
&(/%.),&#, '(
%+2#*).%./)%&)(.2# '(
0#, 4"#1(/2#,
4")#")2%")#, '( ).6(",)-.

,2( '),(P# (,2> #")(.2%'# %


*%/)0)2%" 0% &(')'% '( /+",#, '(
*#"&%/)-.J ;+( ,( '%">
4#,2(")#"&(.2( % 0% 4#30%/)-.
(/#.-&)/%&(.2( %/2)6%' '(0 ,(/2#"
2+"7,2)/# '( 0% 5#.%

&(,(,

+",#, '( *#"&%/)-. (.


(0 /%&4# 2+"7,2)/# % 0#,
"(4"(,(.2%.2(, '(0
,(/2#" (. (0 >"(% '( 0#,
/%.2#.(, '( +(.% :=

0 /+",# '( *#"&%/)-. (,2> ')")$)'#


% 4(",#.%, (/#.-&)/%&(.2( %/2)6%,
'(0 ,(/2#" 2+"7,2)/# '(0 /%.2-.
+(.% :=J 0%, &),&%, ;+(
/#.#/(">. ,#3"( 0#, &(/%.),&#, '(
%+2#*).%./)%&)(.2# % %/2)6)'%'
,("> '(,%""#00%'% /#. 0%
/#./("2%/)-. '( (.2(,
$+3(".%&(.2%0(,J 4(",#.("#,
&+.)/)4%0(,J ,(/2#" 2+"7,2)/# (
).6(",)#.),2%,
( "(%0)5%">. 6),)2%, &(.,+%0(, % 0#,
%2"%/2)6#, 2+"7,2)/#, "($),2"%'#, 4#"
(0 &+.)/)4)# ;+( ,( (./+(.2"%. "7#
%3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,( 0 &#.)2#"(# ,(">
&(.,+%0 1 6)$)0%"> ;+( .# ,( 6(%.
%*(/2%'#, 4#" 0% #3"%

&(,(,

,2% %/2)6)'%' '(3(


"(%0)5%",( (. /#.9
+.2# /#.
(0 (,2+')# '( *0+9
#
2+"7,2)/# 1 '( 0% /%4%/)'%'
'( '(,%""#00# "(6)% % 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, #3"%,
'(0 4"#1(/2#
(3( "(%0)5%",( 0+($# '(
0% &(')'% ;+( 3+,/% 0#,
&(/%.),&#, '(
%+2#*).%./)%&)(.2#
#,2(")#" %0 (,2+')# '(
*0+9
# 2+"7,2)/#

#.)2#"(# '( 0#,


%2"%/2)6#, 2+"7,2)/#, "7#
%3%9
#

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

%P#,

,2( 2"%3%9
# ,( "(%0)5%">
&(.,+%0&(.2( % 4%"2)" '(0
).)/)# '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
'( 0% 4"(,% 1 0#, ');+(,
,7/#&# '+"%.2( (0
4")&(" %P# '(0 00(.%'# '(0
(&3%0,(

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %4%+

% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0
(. ,+ '),(P# 3>,)/# %'#42%'# M
<(/2>"(%,N
4+('( ,(" '(*).)'# 4(" ,( /#&# +.% &(')'% '( &)2)$%/)-. '( 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# &+02)4"#4-,)2# (. ,+ %02(".%2)6% #")$).%0
. 0% ,(//)-.
'( (,2( ).*#"&(J ,( )'(.2)*)/%. 1 (6%0O%. 0#, )&4%/2#,
%&3)(.2%0(, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0% %02(".%2)6%
,(0(//)#.%'% 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
#&# 4%"2( '( (,2% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '(
)&4%/2#,J ,( <% 6),2# /#&# .(/(,%")# 0% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( ,#0+/)#.(, %
4"#30(&%, 2%0(, /#&#?
%.(%&)(.2# &3)(.2%0? %.(9
# '( (,(/<#, -0)'#, (. %2")/)% )0%"
(+3)/%/)-. '( .*"%(,2"+/2+"% 4#" 0% &40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 &3%0,(?
,/+(0% &=")/# (,4+/)#
0 #39
(2)6# '(0 "#$"%&% ,("> /"(%" /#.')/)#.(, ,#/)%0(, 1 %&3)(.2%0(,J
,)&)0%"(, # &(9
#"(, % 0%, (B),2(.2(,J 4"(6)# % 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# 0
(.2#".# (. (0 ;+( ,( /)"/+.,/")3( (0 "#1(/2# <%/( .(/(,%")# &).)&)5%" (0
)&4%/2# ,#/)#(/#.-&)/# .($%2)6# (. 0% "($)-. 1 &%B)&)5%" 0#, )&4%/2#,
4#,)2)6#, 0#/%0(,
0 4"#4)(2%")# (9
(/+2%"> # %+,4)/)%"> 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, "#$"%&%,?
(4#,)/)-. '( .*"%(,2"+/2+"%? ,/+(0% &=")/# (,4+/)#
(9
#"%, '( .*"%(,2"+/2+"% %.)2%")% (. (0 %.2-. +(.% := M %2")/)%
)0%"N
XI.5.2.1
. 0% (//)-. K 7.(% %,( &3)(.2%0J ,( '(2("&).- 0% (B),2(./)% '( +.% M N
(,/+(0% (. (0 >"(% % ,(" ).+.'%'%J 0% &),&% ;+( ,( 0#/%0)5% (. (0 (/).2# %,
()3%, '( 0% 4(")*(")% '(0 %.2-. %0(./)%
% (,/+(0% (, *),/%0 4"(,(.2%
'#2%/)-. 3>,)/% 1 ,+ (,2%'# (, "($+0%"J "(,4#.')(.'# %0 .#&3"( '( &=")/#
(,4+/)#
( )$+%0 *#"&%J ,( )'(.2)*)/- 0% (B),2(./)% '( +.% /%4)00% %3%.'#.%'% (. (0
(/).2# %, ()3%,J /("/%.% % 0% ,/+(0% &=")/# (,4+/)#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% "(+3)/%/)-. '( 0% (,/+(0% 1 0% /%4)00%J '(3("> *#"&%" 4%"2( ).2($"%0 '(0 0%.
'( (%,(.2%&)(.2# .2"( 0%, (6%0+%/)#.(, 4%"% 0% '(/),)-. '( "(+3)/%/)-. ,(
/#.,)'("%"> (0 )./"(&(.2# '( (,2+')%.2(, ;+( 4#'"7% ,+,/)2%",( (. 0% .+(6%
+3)/%/)-. 1 ,( '(3( 40%.)*)/%" (0 %2(.'(" +. .O&("# &%1#" '( (,2+')%.2(, (
'(3( "(/#"'%" ;+( (0 0%. '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# (,2%30(/( ;+( .# ,( '(3( (B/0+)"
'( 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, % 0% 4#30%/)-. "(/(42#"% %, (6%0+%/)#.(, '(2("&).%">. 0%
/#.6(.)(./)% '( "(%0)5%" %&40)%/)#.(, 1 &(9
#"%&)(.2# '( 0#, (,2%30(/)&)(.2#,
(B),2(.2(, M('+/%2)6#, # "(0)$)#,#,N (. 0% 4#30%/)-. "(/(42#"%J # (. ,+ '(*(/2#J
0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( .+(6%, (,/+(0%,J /#0($)#, # 2(&40#,
XI.5.2.2
% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% ,%.)2%")% (. 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2%
4%"% (0 4"(,(.2( "#1(/2# (, '(*)/)(.2( 2%.2# (. /#3("2+"% /#&# (. /%0)'%' '(0
,("6)/)# M6(" (//)-. K (,/")4/)-. '(0 .2#".#J 07.(% %,(N
0 "#1(/2# 4"#4#.( /#&# &(')'% '( '(,%""#00# (/#.-&)/#J 4%"% 0%
4#30%/)-. %$+%, %"")3% '( 0% 4"(,%J %4#1%" (0 &(9
#"%&)(.2# '( 0#, ,("6)/)#,
3>,)/#, '( ,%.(%&)(.2# &(')%.2( (0 *).%./)%&)(.2# 4#" 4%"2( '( '( (0
<
1
3
.
-3
M3%,+"%
'#&=,2)/%N 4%"% %2")/)% )0%"
,2( 4"#$"%&% /#.2")3+)"> % &(9
#"%" 0% /%0)'%' '( 6)'% '( 0% 4#30%/)-. 1
4("&)2)"> +.% ).2("%//)-. ,#/)%0J %&3)(.2%0 1 (/#.-&)/% 4#,)2)6% (.2"( (0
"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
1 0% /#&+.)'%'
'(&>,J (,2( 4"#$"%&%
"('+.'%"> (. 0% 4"#2(//)-. '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J %0 &).)&)5%"
(0 6("2)'# '( '( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, '(,'( (,2( /(.2"# 4#30%'# <%/)% 0%, 6(/).%,
")3("%, '(0 (,4(9
# '( %$+% % ,(" /"(%'#
XI.5.2.2.1

-3

0 ,("6)/)# '( "(/#0(//)-. '( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, (. %2")/)% )0%" 4"(,(.2% +.%
/#3("2+"% '(
T M
J
N ). (&3%"$# .# '),4#.( '( +. "(00(.#
,%.)2%")# ;+( /+&40% /#. 0%, .#"&%, '( 0% 0($),0%/)-. 6)$(.2(
% '),4#,)/)-.
*).%0 '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, ,( "(%0)5% (. +. 3#2%'("# % /)(0# %3)("2#J
(&40(%.'# 4%"% (0 4"#4-,)2# 0%, 0%'("%, 9
+.2# %0 7# %3%
#. (,2#, %.2(/('(.2(, M (" (//)-.
N ,( 4"#4#.( /#&# &(')'% '(
/#&4(.,%/)-. (0 ),(P# ( &40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. ),2(&% .2($"%0 '( (,2)-.
'( (,)'+#, -0)'#,
,2# )./0+1( (0 (,2+')# '( 0%, /%.2)'%'(, 1
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/%"%/2("7,2)/%, '( 0#, '(,(/<#, $(.("%'#,J (B4%.,)-. '( 0% /#3("2+"% '(0


,("6)/)# '( "(/#0(//)-.J &(9
#"% '(0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 1 0% .(/(,)'%' '(
/#.,2"+)" (. %2")/)% )0%" +. "(00(.# ,%.)2%")# ;+( /+&40% 0% .#"&%2)6%
%&3)(.2%0 .%/)#.%0 1 +3)/%'% 0(9
#, '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(
#, (,2+')#, '(3(">.
,(" (.2"($%'#, % 0% +.2% %""#;+)%0 '( %2")/)% )0%" 1 0% +.)/)4%0)'%' '(
+(.% :=
% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0#, (,2+')#, ,(">
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '( 0% +.)/)4%0)'%' '( +(.% :=
,2( ,+34"#$"%&% &(9
#"%"> 0%, /#.')/)#.(, '( ,%0+3")'%' '( 0%
%""#;+)%0

%3(/("%

0 &%.(9
# ).2($"%0 '( "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, /#&4"(.'( (0 &%.(9
# '( =,2#, % 2"%6=,
'( 0%, (2%4%, '( $(.("%/)-.J %0&%/(.%&)(.2#J "(/#0(//)-. 1 '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
,2( &%.(9
# '(3("> %,($+"%" ;+( (. (0 *+2+"# 0#, "(,)'+#, ,(%. '),4+(,2#, ,).
#/%,)#.%" )&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, %0 &(')# %&3)(.2( /#&# %$+%, ,+4("*)/)%0(, 1
,+32("">.(%,J %)"( 1 ,+(0# %, (2%4%, ;+( '(3("> /#&4"(.'(" (0 (,2+')# '(0
&%.(9
# '( "(,)'+#, ,#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,?
(.("%/)-.
. (,2% (2%4% ,( '(3("> /#.#/(" 0#, 2)4#, 1 /%.2)'%'(, '( "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, ;+(
,( (,2>. $(.("%.'# /#. (0 *). '( /#.#/(" 0%, 4#2(./)%0)'%'(, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
#
'( 0#, &),&#,
%"% (,2# ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%" +. &+(,2"(# ;+( ,(4%"( 0#, "(,)'+#, (.?
(,)'+#, #"$>.)/#,
(,)'+#, '( /%"2-. 1 4%4(0
(,)'+#, 40>,2)/#,
(,)'+#, &(2>0)/#,
(,)'+#, '( %/()2(, +,%'#, 1 '( "(,2#, '( 4(,2)/)'%,
(,)'+#, /#.2%&).%'#, /#. %/()2(, # /#. 4(,2)/)'%,
2"#, M"(,)'+#, '( /(.2"#, &=')/#, /#&# 9
(").$+)00%,N
.% 6(5 /#.#/)'# 0#, 4#"/(.2%9
(, '( "(,)'+#, $(.("%'#, 4#" /%2($#"7% ,(
'(3("> (6%0+%" (0 4#2(./)%0 '(?
('+//)-. (. 0% *+(.2(
(+2)0)5%"
(/)/0%"
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0&%/(.%&)(.2#
0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '(3("> '),(P%",( ,)$+)(.'# 0%, #"'(.%.5%, 0#/%0(, #
"($+0%/)#.(, .%/)#.%0(, .2"( 0#, 4")./)4%0(, 4+.2#, (,2>.?
,($+"%" ;+( 0#, /#.2(.('#"(, (,2=. +3)/%'#, (,2"%2=$)/%&(.2( 1 ;+(
(,2#, 2(.$%. 0% /%4%/)'%' %'(/+%'%
'(&>, '(3(">. ,(" %,=42)/#,
4%"% (6)2%" 0% *#"&%/)-. '( *#/#, ).*(//)#,#,
#, /#.2(.('#"(, '(3(">. ,(" '( *>/)0 0)&4)(5% 1 6%/)%'#
/##"').%",( /#. 0% (&4"(,% (./%"$%'% '( 0% "(/#0(//)-.

,2# '(3(">

(/#0(//)-. 1 "%.,4#"2(
%"% 0% "(/#0(//)-. 1 2"%.,4#"2( '( '(,(/<#, ,( "(/#&)(.'% ,(/2#")5%" 0%,
>"(%, 1 %,)$.%" "(,4#.,%30(, 4%"% 0% "(/#0(//)-. '( 0#, "(,)'+#,
%
"(/#0(//)-. 4#'"> (*(/2+%",( '(,'( 0%, %/("%, # '(,'( (,2%/)#.(, '(
2"%.,*("(./)% <%,2% 0#, ,)2)#, %,)$.%'#, 4%"% (0 "(/)/0%9
( # '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
),4#,)/)-. *).%0
(3)'# % 0% /#&4#,)/)-. '( 0#, "(,)'+#,J 0% &%1#"7% '( #")$(. #"$>.)/#J
(B),2( (0 4#2(./)%0 '( ;+( ,(%. ,(4%"%'#, (. 0% *+(.2( 1 /#&4#,2%'#,
#, "(,)'+#, ;+( .# ,(">. "(/)/0%'#, # "(+2)0)5%'#, ,(">. 00(6%'#, %0 "(00(.#
,%.)2%")#J % '),(P%",(J 4%"% ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
% '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 '(3("> %,($+"%" ;+( 0#, "(,)'+#, (,2=. '(3)'%&(.2(
/#.2(.)'#, 1 ;+( ,+, 0)B)6)%'#, .# ,(%. *+(.2( '( /#.2%&).%/)-. '( %$+%,
,+32("">.(%, 1 ,+4("*)/)%0(,
%"% /+&40)" (,2( #39
(2)6# ,( '(3("> '),(P%" +. "(00(.# ,%.)2%")# ;+(
%3%,2(5/% 0% '(&%.'% '( %2")/)% )0%" 1 '( ,(" *%/2)30( % 4#30%/)#.(, &(.#"(,
/)"/+.'%.2(, % +3)/%/)-. '(0 "(00(.# '(3("> ,(" 0% &>, %'(/+%'%J 4%"% (,2#
,( '(3("> /#.,)'("%" (.2"( #2"%, /#,%,? 2)4# '( ,+(0#J '"(.%9
( '( 0% /+(./%J 1
'),2%./)% '(0 /(.2"# 4#30%'# %2")/)% )0%" 0 '),(P# '(3("> ,(" (6%0+%'#
#4#"2+.%&(.2( /#. 0%, "(,4(/2)6%, %+2#")'%'(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.2.2.2

=
0 %/2+%0 ,)2)# '( '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 '( 0#, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, $(.("%'#, (. 0%
4#30%/)-. '( %2")/)% )0%" (, +. 3#2%'("# % /)(0# %3)("2# +3)/%'# (. 0%
&%"$(. '("(/<% '(0 7# %3% M6(" .(B#
:#2#$"%*7%,N
( (B4#.( %
/#.2).+%/)-. (0 %0/%./( 1 %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( '(3("> %3%"/%" (0 (,2+')# 4%"% (0
)(""( 1 (&(')%/)-. '(0 /2+%0 #2%'("# '( (,(/<#, '( %2")/)% )0%"
0
4"#1(/2# *).%./)%"> (,2( (,2+')#J ,)(.'# "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '( 0%
+.)/)4%0)'%' '( +(.% :=J ,+ )&40(&(.2%/)-.
39
(2)6#,
0 #39
(2)6# '(0 (,2+')# ,(">?
0)&).%" (0 %/2+%0 3#2%'("# 1 /+&40)" /#. 0% 0($),0%/)-. %/2+%0 ;+( 4"#<73(
(0 6("2)'# % /)(0# %3)("2# 1 .# /#.2"#0%'# '( "(,)'+#, (. ;+(3"%'%, 1
#")00%, '( "7#, M
J .(B# 8J "27/+0#
N
6)2%" ;+( 0#, "(,)'+#, %/(0("(. 0% '),&).+/)-. '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0
*+2+"# (&3%0,( '(0 "#1(/2# %3%
)&4)%" 1 "(&#6(" 0#, '(,(/<#,J 6(")*)/%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 ,+(0# '(0 ,)2)#
+,2)*)/%/)-.
. (0 %/2+%0 3#2%'("# % /)(0# %3)("2# '( %2")/)% )0%"J 0#, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#,
"(/#0(/2%'#, ,#. 2"%.,4#"2%'#, 1 6%/)%'#, ,). /#&4%/2%" ,#3"( 0% &%"$(.
'("(/<% '(0 7# %3%
#, &),&#, ,#. '),4+(,2#, ,). ,($"($%/)-. '(
'(,(/<#, 4#2(./)%0&(.2( 4(0)$"#,#,J ,). ,(" "(/+3)("2#, /#. +.% /%4% '( 2)(""%
'(,4+=, '( /%'% 6("2)'# '( '(,(/<#,J 1 ,#3"( 2#'# 4#" ,(" '),4+(,2#, ,#3"(
+.% 4(.')(.2( ;+( 0#, '(9
% ,+,/(42)30(, % '(,0)5%&)(.2#, ,#3"( (0 7# #,
"(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, %0 (.2"%" (. /#.2%/2# /#. (0 %$+% #/%,)#.%">. +.%
/#.2%&).%/)-. 4#" %+&(.2# '( &%2(")%0 *0#2%.2(J '),&).+/)-. '(0 #B7$(.#
'),+(02#J %'(&>, '( %+&(.2# '(
1
F
4#" (0 4"#/(,# '(
'(,/#&4#,)/)-. ;+( #/+"")"> /#. (00#,
"#/(')&)(.2# 4"#4+(,2# 4%"% 0% "(&(')%/)-. '(0 >"(%
0 ,)$+)(.2( (, (0 4"#/(')&)(.2# $(.("%0 % ,($+)" 4%"% 0% 0)&4)(5% '(0 %/2+%0
3#2%'("# '( "(,)'+#, '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( %2")/)% )0%"?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0% %/2+%0 '),4#,)/)-. '( "(,)'+#, (. (0 3#2%'("#


(%0)5%" (0 ,)$+)(.2( 4"#/(')&)(.2# M
J )3"#
J .(B# J
(/+",# +(0# N?
(%0)5%" +.%
> 3
?
'(0
3#2%'("#
(2("&).%/)-. '(0
3
3
'( 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. ). ,)2+
")2(")#, '(
%
> 3
> '(0 >"(% 1
3 '( 0#, '(,(/<#,J 2"%,0%'# <%/)% ,)2)# '(
'),4#,)/)-. *).%0 ,(0(//)#.%'#
-

+,4(.,)-. '( %/2+%0 '),4#,)/)-. '( "(,)'+#,


"(6)# % 0% ,+,4(.,)-. '( 0% '),4#,)/)-. '( "(,)'+#, (. (0 %/2+%0 3#2%'("#J ,(
'(3("> 3+,/%" #2"# ,)2)# '( '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 ( .# (./#.2"%",( '( &%.("%
).&(')%2% ,( '(3("> +2)0)5%"
3
?
0 (,2+')# '(3("> %.%0)5%"?
0 ,)2)# '( '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 ,(0(//)#.%'# 4%"% (0 2"%,0%'# '( 0#, '(,(/<#,
'(3("> (. 0# 4#,)30( /+&40)" "(;+),)2#, &7.)&# %&3)(.2%0(, 4%"% 0%
/#""(/2% '),4#,)/)-. '( 0#, '(,(/<#, .2"( (,2#, (,2>. ;+( .# ,( +2)0)/(
4">/2)/%, '( )./).("%/)-. '( 0#, '(,(/<#,J ;+( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,(%. /+3)("2#,
# 2%4%'#, 0+($# '( ,(" '),4+(,2#,J ;+( .# (B),2%. /+("4#, '( %$+% /("/%.#
1 ,( /#.2"#0( (. 0# 4#,)30( 0#, 0)B)6)%'#,
%"%/2(")5%/)-. '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2%
% #"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 '(0 (/+",# +(0# 1 /")2(")#, '( "(&(')%/)-.
'(0
(. ,+ %"27/+0#
8 (,2%30(/( ;+( /+%.'# +. ,+(0# ,(
(./+(.2"( /#.2%&).%'#J (0 /%+,%.2( # 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. "(,4#.,%30( 4#" 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-.J %'#42%"> 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, '( ).*#"&(?
%"%/2(")5%/)-. '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2%
3)/%/)-. $(#$">*)/% '(0 ,)2)#
#.')/)#.(, 0#/%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
"(/)4)2%/)-. 1L# ")($# M*"(/+(./)% 1 .)6(0N
)6(0 *"(>2)/# '( 0% 5#.%
,/#""(.27%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3)/%/)-. '( /+("4#, '( %$+% %0('%P#,J 4#5#, '( (B2"%//)-. M(. +,#J
/0%+,+"%'#,J (. 4"#1(/2#N
%"%/2(")5%/)-. '(0 ,+(0#
%

>
%
3
/
'
(
*
$

)./0+1( (,2%30(/(" 0# ,)$+)(.2(?

,# '(0 ,+(0# M%$"7/#0%J "(,)'(./)%0J /#&("/)%0NJ


#4#$"%*7% 1 6($(2%/)-. 4"(,(.2(J
(2("&).%/)-. *7,)/#J ;+7&)/% 1 3)#0-$)/% '(0 ,+(0#J
"%.+0#&(2"7%J
("&(%3)0)'%' '(0 ,+(0#J
#&4#,)/)-. *7,)/%J ;+7&)/% 1 3)#0-$)/% '(0 ,+(0#J 1
("*)0(, (,2"%2)$">*)/#, '(0 >"(% '( (,2+')#
(2("&).%/)-. '(0 #")$(. '( 0% /#.2%&).%/)-.

0 #")$(. '( 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. '(0 ,)2)# (,2> '%'# 4#" 0% (B),2(./)% '( +.
3#2%'("# '( '(,(/<#, % /)(0# %3)("2#
( %/+("'# %0 %"27/+0#
8 ,( '(3(">
)./0+)"? (0 40%.# '(0 0+$%"J (,2%30(/(" ;+( (,2+')#, 4"(6)#, "(%0)5%'#, %0 >"(%
(. (6%0+%/)-.J '(2("&).%/)-. 3>,)/% '(0 /#.2%&).%.2(J 0#/%0)5%/)-. '( *+(.2(,
'( /#.2%&).%/)-.J (,2%30(/(" (0 2)(&4# 2"%.,/+"")'# '(,'( (0 ).)/)# '( 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-.
")2(")# '( 2#&% '( &+(,2"%,
%"% '(2("&).%" (0 .O&("# '( &+(,2"%, ,( '(3("> /#.#/(" 0% 4"#*+.')'%'
%0/%.5%'% 4#" (0 /#.2%&).%.2( 1 (0 2)(&4# 2"%.,/+"")'# '(,'( (0 ).)/)# '( 0%
%*(/2%/)-. '(0 "(/+",# %"% 0% ,(0(//)-. '(0 ,)2)#M,N '( 2#&% '( &+(,2"%M,NJ
2%&%P# 1 2)4# '( &+(,2"% ,( /#.,+02%"> (0 .+&("%0 %.2(, &(./)#.%'#J '(0
.(B# '(0
.>0),), '( &+(,2"%
( "(/#&)(.'% "(%0)5%" (0 %.>0),), '( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 4%">&(2"#, *7,)/#,?
4A
A+&('%'
%2(")% "$>.)/% M/%"3#.# #"$>.)/#N
"%.+0#&(2"7% '(0 ,+(0#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(2%0(, 4(,%'#, M ",=.)/#J


#3%02#J
("/+")#J 7;+(0J 0#&#J %.%')#J H)./N
/()2(, 1 $"%,%,
A)'"#/%"3+"#, 2#2%0(, '( 4(2"-0(#

#3"(J

%'&)#J

"#&# 2#2%0J

#, 4%">&(2"#, ;+7&)/#, 1 3)#0-$)/#, % ,(" %.%0)5%'#, (,2%">. "(0%/)#.%'#,


/#. 0#, 4#2(./)%0(, /#.2%&).%.2(, (./#.2"%'#, (. (0 ,+(0# #, "(,+02%'#,
(./#.2"%'#, .# '(3(. ,+4("%" 0#, 6%0#"(, &>B)&#, 4("&)2)'#, 4%"% (0 /")2(")#
'( "(&(')%/)-. # "(,2%+"%/)-. 4%"% ,+(0# '( +,# %$"7/#0% M +&("%0
")2(")# '( %0)'%' '(0 +(0# '(0 .(B# '(0
N
%"%/2(")5%/)-. '( "(,)'+#,
% /%"%/2(")5%/)-. '( '(,(/<#, '(3("> '(2("&).%" (0 2)4# 1 /%.2)'%'(,
%4"#B)&%'%, '( =,2#, (. (0 3#2%'("#J 0% 4"(,(./)% '( '(,(/<#, ;+( "(;+)("%.
+. 2"%2%&)(.2# (,4(/)%0J 4(0)$"#,)'%' '( 0#, '(,(/<#,J ')&(.,)-. '(0 >"(%
#/+4%'% 4#" 0#, '(,(/<#, M>"(%J 4"#*+.')'%'N
( "(/#&)(.'% 0# ,)$+)(.2(?
'(.2)*)/%" 0% *(/<% '( ).)/)# '( 0% '),4#,)/)-. '( '(,(/<#, (. (0 3#2%'("#
)&(.,)#.%" (0 >"(% '(0 3#2%'("# 1 /%0/+0%" '( &%.("% %4"#B)&%'% 0%
/%.2)'%' '( '(,(/<#, ;+( (,2>. '),4+(,2#, (. (0 0+$%"
)&4)(5% '(0 >"(% 1 "(&#/)-. '( "(,)'+#,
,2% *%,( ,("> '(,%""#00%'% 1 *).%./)%'% 4#" 0%

+.)/)4%0)'%' '( +(.% :=

. (,2% *%,( ,( 4"#/('( /#. 0%, %//)#.(, '( 0)&4)(5% 1 "(2)"# &(/>.)/# #
&%.+%0 '( 0#, '(,(/<#, '(0 3#2%'("# '( %2")/)% )0%"
%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(
0)&4)(5% '(3(">. /#.,)'("%" 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 %.>0),), '( ,+(0#, 1 0%
/%"%/2(")5%/)-. '( "(,)'+#, ( %/+("'# %0 $"%'# 1 .)6(0 '( /#.2%&).%/)-.
(./#.2"%'# (. (0 ,+(0#J ,( 4"#/('("> % "(2)"%" (0 ,+(0# /#.2%&).%'# 1
'),4#.("0# /#&# '(,(/<# ,-0)'# (. (0 ,)2)# '( '),4#,)/)-. ,(0(//)#.%'# ,2(
,+(0# 4#'"> ,(" +2)0)5%'# /#&# &%2(")%0 '( "(/+3")&)(.2# 1 /#&4%/2%/)-. '(
0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, ;+( ).$"(,%. % (,2( ,)2)#
"(6)# %0 ).)/)# '( 0% 0)&4)(5% ,( '(3("> 4"#/('(" % ')&(.,)#.%" 0% /%.2)'%'
'( (;+)4#, 1L# &%;+).%")%J 4(",#.%0 1 2)(&4# "(;+(")'# 4%"% (,2%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%/2)6)'%'(, % ,(0(//)-. '(0 &=2#'# '( 0)&4)(5% '(3("> /#.,)'("%" ;+( (0


3#2%'("# ,( (./+(.2"% +3)/%'# (. +.% 0%'("% /#. *+("2( 4(.')(.2(
%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, 4%"% 0% 0)&4)(5% '(0 ,)2)# ,#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,?
&40(%" &%.# '( #3"% 0#/%0 (. 0%, 0%3#"(, '( 0)&4)(5%
&40(%" &(')'%, '( ,($+")'%' 0%3#"%0 '+"%.2( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(
0)&4)(5% . (,4(/)%0 '+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% &%;+).%")% 4(,%'% 0
2"%3%9
# /#. &%;+).%")% (. %02+"% 4#'"7% "(4"(,(.2%" +. 4(0)$"# 4%"% (0
4(",#.%0 ;+( #4("% 0%, &),&%, # 4%"% (0 4(",#.%0 '( %4#1# (. 2)(""%
6)2%" ;+( %0 *).%0 '( 0% 0)&4)(5% (B),2% +. "(&%.(.2( '( '(,(/<#, '(3)'#
% ;+( 0% ).+.'%/)-. '(0 >"(% "(*0#2%"> 0#, &),&#,
" %4%
,

0 4"(,(.2( "#$"%&% '( %.(9


# '( (/+",#, )#0-$)/#, (,2> #")(.2%'# %
&)2)$%" 1 /#&4(.,%" 0#, )&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, % 4"#'+/)",( (. 0%, *%,(, '(
/#.,2"+//)-. 1 00(.%'# '(0 "#1(/2#
(3)'# % 0#, 40%5#, "(;+(")'#, '( (9
(/+/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&%J %,7 /#&# %0
%0/%./( '( 0#, 2"%3%9
#, .(/(,%")#,J (,2( '(3("> ).)/)%",( 4"(6)# % 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2#J (9
(/+2>.'#,( % &(')'% ;+( 4"#$"(,% 0% #3"%J
&%.2(.)=.'#,( %0$+.%, &(')'%, '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-.
% (9
(/+/)-.
'(0 4"#$"%&% '( &%.(9
# '( *0#"% ,("> "(%0)5%'% 4#" +. $"+4# '( (,4(/)%0),2%,
0 4"#$"%&% ,( (.&%"/%"> (. +. 4("7#'# '( '#, %P#,J ;+( (, (0 2)(&4# ;+(
"(;+(")"> 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( . 0% *%,( '(
#4("%/)-.J ,( "(%0)5%"> (0 &#.)2#"(# 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0%, >"(%, .%2+"%0(,
,(0(//)#.%'%,
( '(3("> #32(.(" 0%, %+2#")5%/)#.(, .(/(,%")%, 4#" 4%"2( '(0 ).),2(")# '(0
&3)(.2( 4%"% "(%0)5%" 0#, (,2+')#,J "(,/%2( 1 /#.,2"+//)-. '( +. I/(.2"# '(
"(,/%2( '( *%+.% 1 *0#"% ,)06(,2"(G

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.3.1

XI.5.3.1.1

,2( 4"#$"%&% ,( ')6)'( (. 2"(, ,+34"#$"%&%, 4")./)4%0(,?


+34"#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( +(./%, ,2( ,+34"#$"%&% /#&4"(.'( 0%
"(/+4("%/)-. 1L# "(*#"(,2%/)-.J &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0%, /%3(/("%, '( 0#,
7#, %3%J #0# 1 )&3(J 0%, >"(%, '( 3#,;+(, "(&%.(.2(, %0 ,2( '(0
7# %3%J 1 (0 /).2+"-. &%"$).%0 '(
&(2"#, % )&40(&(.2%",(
%0"('('#" '(0 &3%0,( %3%
+34"#$"%&% '( /2)6)'%'(, '( (,/%2( '( :0#"%
,2( 4"#$"%&% '(
2"%3%9
# 4"(,(.2% &(')'%, (,4(/7*)/%, % ,(" ,($+)'%, '+"%.2( 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, '( "(/+4("%/)-. 1 "(,/%2(J "(;+(")'%, (. 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, %.2(")#"(,
+34"#$"%&% '( '+/%/)-.
XI.5.3.1.2

&3)(.2%0
#

0 I $
%
&
@ (,2%"> /#.*#"&%'# 4#" /+%2"#
,+34"#$"%&%,J /%'% +.# '( 0#, /+%0(, '(3("> '( )&40(&(.2%",( (. 0%,
')*("(.2(, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2# M/#.,2"+//)-. 1 00(.%'#N #, ,+34"#$"%&%, ,#.
0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
+34"#$"%&% '( "(,/%2( '( (,4(/)(, '( *%+.%
+34"#$"%&% '( +3)/%/)-.J "(*#"(,2%/)-. 1 "(<%3)0)2%/)-. '( 5#.%,
%02(".%2)6%, (,4(/7*)/%, 4%"% *%+.%
+34"#$"%&% '( "(+3)/%/)-. 1 &#.)2#"(# '( (,4(/)(, ,)06(,2"(,
+34"#$"%&% 4%"% 0% ).2"#'+//)-. '( 4(/(, (. (0 (&3%0,(
+34"#$"%&% 4%"% (0 )./(.2)6# '( %/2)6)'%'(, '( 4),/)/+02+"% 1
"(4#30%&)(.2# '( 7#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.3.2

"

"(6)# % 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 (&3%0,(J (, "(;+(")'# ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# # (0


(.2( '(,)$.%'# $(,2#" '(0 4"#1(/2#J 40%.)*);+( (0 &%.(9
# '( >"(%, .%2+"%0(,J
'(,2).%'%, /#. *).(, '( /#.,("6%/)-. 1 &%.(9
# '( /+(./%,
% 0($),0%/)-.
%&3)(.2%0 *#"(,2%0 '(0 /+%'#"J (,2%30(/( ;+( 0%, >"(%, %'1%/(.2(, % 0#,
/+("4# '( %$+%J ,(%. "7#,J 0%$#, .%2+"%0(, # %"2)*)/)%0(,J ,#. 5#.%, '(
4"#2(//)-. 4("&%.(.2(
XI.5.3.2.1

0 ,+34"#$"%&% 2)(.( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, #39


(2)6#,?
"#2($(" 0%, &>"$(.(, '(0 (&3%0,( 1 ,+, %4#"2%.2(, %0 &).)&)5%" 0#,
(*(/2#, '( 0% ("#,)-.J
("6)" '( ,+&)'("# '( %$+%J 4#" 0%, *+./)#.(, ;+( /+&40(. 0%, /#4%, 1
"%7/(, '( 0#, >"3#0(,J (6)2%.'# ,)$.)*)/%2)6%&(.2( 0% 4="')'% '( %$+%
4#" (6%4#"%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)(.'# 0% <+&('%' 1 .)6(0 *"(>2)/# '( 0#,
,+(0#,J
*"(/(" >"(% '( "(*+$)#J % *). '( "(,/%2%"J "(/+4("%" 1 /#.,("6%" 4%"2(
'( 0% *0#"% 1 *%+.% 0#/%0(,J 1
"(%" +. %2"%/2)6# 2+"7,2)/# 1 4%),%9
7,2)/#J "(,2%+"%.'# # "(40)/%.'#
4%"2( '(0 (.2#".# #")$).%0
XI.5.3.2.2

0 ,+34"#$"%&% "(;+)("( )&40(&(.2%" ')*("(.2(, &(')'%, 1 %//)#.(, ;+(


%,($+"(. 0% ,#,2(.)3)0)'%' '( 0%, >"(%, '(,)$.%'%, 4%"% /#.,("6%/)-.
,2%,
>"(%, ,#.?
%, /%3(/("%, '( 0#, 7#, %3% 1 #0# 1 )&3(
%, &>"$(.(, '( 0#, 7#, %3% 1 #0# %$+%, %"")3% '( 0% /#0% '(0
(&3%0,(
%, >"(%, '( 3#,;+(, "(&%.(.2(, %0 ,2( '(0 7# %3%
XI.5.3.2.3

.2

0 >"(% '( 0%, /%3(/("%, '( 0#, "7#, %3%J #0# 1 )&3( '(3("> ,(" )./#"4#"%'%
%0 &%.(9
# '(0 (&3%0,( 1 ,(" &%.(9
%'% /#&# @"(% '( #.,("6%/)-. #. (,2%
*).%0)'%' ,( 4"#4#.(. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, &(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( '+"%.2( 0%,
')*("(.2(, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:%,(, '( #.,2"+//)-.


9
(/+/)-. '( +. ).6(.2%")# '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '( >"3#0(, (B),2(.2(, (. 0%,
/%3(/("%, '(0 7# %3%J #0# 1 )&3(
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0%, (,4(/)(, %"3-"(%, .%2)6%,J '(2("&).%.'# 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, (,4(/7*)/#, 4%"% "(%0)5%" 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '( 0%,
&),&%,
0%3#"%/)-. '( +. (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' 4%"% 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '( 0%,
/%3(/("%, ( /#.,)'("% 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( +. (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%'
4"(6)# % 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '(3)'# % 0% $"%. (B2(.,)-. '( 0%, &),&%, ,7
(0 (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' ,("6)"> 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0%, >"(%, /"72)/%, ;+(
'(3(">. "(/+4("%",( 1 &%.(9
%",(
(/+4("%/)-. '( >"(%, (. 0%, /%3(/("%, '( 0#, "7#, %3%J #0# 1 )&3(
/#. (,4(/)(, .%2)6%,J (. 0# 4#,)30( 4"#'+/2#J '( %/+("'# % 0%,
"(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '(0 (,2+')# 4"(6)#
( "(/#&)(.'% 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-.
'( 0% /#&+.)'%' 0#/%0 (. (,2( 4"#/(,#J ;+( %'(&>, '(3("> ).)/)%",(
'+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,%J '(3)'# %0 2)(&4# ;+( 2#&%"7% (0
/"(/)&)(.2# '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
XI.5.3.2.4

#?

.2

,2( ,+34"#$"%&% (,2% #")(.2%'# % "(/+4("%" 1 /#.,("6%" 0#, &>"$(.(, '( 0#,
7#, %3%J #0# 1 )&3(J %$+%, %"")3% '(0 (&3%0,( % "(/+4("%/)-. '( (,2%,
&>"$(.(, /+&40)"> 6%")%, *+./)#.(, .%2+"%0(, ;+( 4("&)2)">.?
"#2($(" 0#, &>"$(.(,J (6)2%.'# # &)2)$%.'# 0% ("#,)-. 1 (0 (B/(,)6#
).$"(,# '( ,(')&(.2#, <%/)% 0#, "7#,J 0# /+%0 %*(/2% 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%
1 0% #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( +3)/%'# %$+%, %3%9
#
/2+%" /#&# ,+&)'("# '( %$+%J 4#" 0%, *+./)#.(, ;+( /+&40(. 0%,
/#4%, 1 "%7/(, '( 0#, >"3#0(,J (6)2%.'# 0% 4="')'% '( %$+% 4#"
(6%4#"%/)-. ')"(/2% 1 &%.2(.)(.'# 0% <+&('%' 1 .)6(0 *"(>2)/# '( 0#,
,+(0#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:%,(, '( #.,2"+//)-. 1 0(.%'#


(%0)5%" +. ).6(.2%")# '( 0%, (,4(/)(, >"3#"(%, 1 %"3+,2)6%, (B),2(.2(,
(. 0%, &>"$(.(, '( 0#, 7#, %3%J #0# 1 )&3( %$+%, %"")3% '(0
(&3%0,(
(2("&).%" 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#,
"(/+4("%/)-. '( (,2%, (,4(/)(,

(,4(/7*)/#,

4%"%

"(%0)5%"

0%

(%0)5%" +. (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' 4"(6)# % 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '( 0%,


&>"$(.(, '( 0#, &>"$(.(, '( 0#, "7#, 0 (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%'
'(2("&).%"> 0%, >"(%, /"72)/%, % "(/+4("%",( 1L# &%.(9
%",(
(/+4("%" 0%, (,4(/)(, %"3-"(%, .%2)6%,J /#.,)'("%.'# 0%,
"(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '(0 (,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' % "(/+4("%/)-. )./0+)">
%/2)6)'%'(, '( "(*#"(,2%/)-. (. 0%, 5#.%, /"72)/%, 1 '( &%.2(.)&)(.2#
(. $(.("%0 M")($#J (B2"%//)-. '( &%0(5%,J (2/ N (. #2"%, 5#.%,
(
"(/#&)(.'% 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0% /#&+.)'%' 0#/%0 (. (,2( 4"#/(,# (
).)/)%" 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, (. 0%, (2%4%, 2(&4"%.%, '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0
"#1(/2#J '(3)'# %0 2)(&4# ;+( 2#&%"7% (0 /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
XI.5.3.2.5

#?

))D

))EBD

%% % F

% "(6($(2%/)-. '(0 &%"$(. ).2(".# '(0 (&3%0,( +3)/%'# (.2"( 0% /#2% 8 1


!J8 & , . &J '(3("> "(%0)5%",( 4"(6)# 1 '+"%.2( (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
%
"(6($(2%/)-. (.2"( (,2%, /#2%, 2(.'"> +.% (B2(.,)-. %4"#B)&%'% '( 8
<(/2>"(%,J 1 '(3("> "(%0)5%",( /#. (,4(/)(, .%2)6%,J (.'=&)/%, 1 %&(.%5%'%,
'(2("&).%'%, (. (0 4"(,(.2(
% "(*#"(,2%/)-. '( (,2( /).2+"-. /+&40)"> 6%")%, *+./)#.(, .%2+"%0(, ;+(
4("&)2)">. +. %'(/+%'# &%.(9
# '(0 (&3%0,(?
"#2(//)-. '( 0#, 2%0+'(, '(0 (&3%0,(J (6)2%.'# 0#, 4"#/(,#, ("#,)6#,J
;+( %4#"2(. /#. (B/(,# '( ,-0)'#, 1 /#.2%&).%.2(, %0 (&3%0,(
(,%""#00# '( +. .+(6# <>3)2%2 ")3("(P#J 4%"% (,4(/)(, '( 0% *%+.%
2(""(,2"( 1 %/+>2)/%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:%,(, '( #.,2"+//)-. 1 0(.%'#


(6($(2%/)-. '(0 &%"$(. '(0 (&3%0,( (.2"( 0#, 8 1 !J8 & , . & /#.
(,4(/)(, %4"#4)%'%, 4%"% 2%0+'(, 1 2#0("%.2(, % .)6(0(, ,)$.)*)/%2)6#, '(
<+&('%' '%'% 0% 4"(,(./)% '(0 (&3%0,(
.% '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
"(/#&(.'%'%, (, 0% +%3)00% MB)$
; N ;+( ,( 4#'"7% +2)0)5%" (. 0%
4#"/)-. ).2(".% '( 0%, &>"$(.(,J (, '(/)" %0 /#.2%/2# /#. (0 %$+% '(0 "7#
. 0% (,2)&%/)-. '(0 /#,2# '( (,2% &(')'% ,( <% %,+&)'# ;+( (0 T '( 0%
,+4("*)/)( &(./)#.%'% "(;+(")"> '( "(6($(2%/)-. 0 /#,2# '( "(6($(2%/)-.
/#. (,4(/)(, <("3>/(%, (,4(/)%0(, 4%"% 4"#2(//)-. '( 2%0+'(, #,/)0% (.2"( U
1U
L<(/2>"(%
,2( 2"%3%9
# '(3( "(%0)5%",( 4"(6)# 1 '+"%.2( (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( . 0%
*%,( '( #4("%/)-. ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%" +. &%.(9
# 1 6)$)0%./)% 4("&%.(.2(J
&#.)2#"(%.'# (0 '(,%""#00# %'(/+%'# '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
XI.5.3.2.6

% "(%0)5%/)-. '( +. ).6(.2%")# # ')%$.-,2)/# *0#"7,2)/# % 0# 0%"$# '(0 7# %3%


%$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,%J (, .(/(,%")% 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0#, )&4%/2#, '( 0%
'(,/%"$%, '+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. 0 #39
(2)6# '( (,2( ,+34"#$"%&% ,(">?
'(.2)*)/%" 0% *0#"% .%2)6% %$+%, %3%9
# 1 ,+, (*(/2#, %.2( (0 ,2"(,,
<7'")/# ;+( ,+*")"7%. /#. (0 "(4"(,%&)(.2# '(0 7# %3%
(2("&).%" ;+= (,4(/)(, '(3("7%. ,(" "(,/%2%'%, # "(+3)/%'%,
,2( (,2+')# '(3( "(%0)5%",( '+"%.2( (0 00(.%'# '( 0% 4"(,% 1 '(3("> (,2%"
/#./0+)'# /#. 3%,2%.2( %.2)/)4%/)-. %0 ).)/)# '( 0% #4("%/)-. '( &%.("% '(
"(,/%2%" # "(+3)/%" 0%, (,4(/)(, &>, 6%0)#,%,
XI.5.3.3

0 #39
(2)6# 4")./)4%0 '( (,2( ,+34"#$"%&% (, (0 "(,/%2( '( ).')6)'+#,
"(4"(,(.2%2)6#, '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( (,4(/)(, (.'=&)/%, 1 %&(.%5%'%,
4"(,(.2(, (. (0 >"(% % ).+.'%",(
#,2(")#"&(.2( ,( 4"#/('("> % ,+
"(+3)/%/)-. (. 0%, >"(%, .%2+"%0(, % ,(" &%.(9
%'%,J /#. 0% *).%0)'%' '(
$%"%.2)5%" ,+ 4"(,("6%/)-.
,2( ,+34"#$"%&% /#&4"(.'( (0 "(,/%2( '(
(,4(/)(, (.'=&)/%, 1 %&(.%5%'%, +3)/%'%, (. 2#'% (0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

.% '( 0%, &(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( ,("> 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 6)6("#, '(


B
B J & /("/% '(0 7# %3% 4%"% "(,/%2( 1 &%.(9
# '( 0%, (,4(/)(, (.'=&)/%,
1 %&(.%5%'%, % *). '( ;+( ,(%. +2)0)5%'%, (. 0% "(*#"(,2%/)-. &%"$).%0 '(0
(&3%0,( # "(+3)/%'%, (. 0% .+(6% >"(% % "(/#.6("2)",( # "(*#"(,2%",(
#,
6)6("#, 4#'"7%. /#.,2"+)",( /#. 3%&3O(, /#&# 0% /%P% $+%'O% 1 2(/<# '(
4%0&% # 4%9
% 2#;+)00%J *"(/+(.2(, (. (0 >"(%
. 6)6("# '( /%">/2("
4("&%.(.2( ,( (,2%30(/("> (. 0% .+(6% >"(% 3#,/#,% ;+( ,( /"(%"7% %0"('('#"
'(0 (&3%0,( /#&# 4#,)30( >"(% '( /#.,("6%/)-. /#&# #,;+( "#2(/2#"J (. 0%
*"%.9
% '( "(*#"(,2%/)-.
:%,(, '( #.,2"+//)-. 1 0(.%'#
% %30%
8 4"(,(.2% +. '(2%00( '( (,4(/)(, (.'=&)/%, ;+( ,( +3)/%. (. 0%
/+(./% %02% '(0
1 ;+( 4"(,(.2%. 4"#3%3)0)'%'(, '( ,(" (./#.2"%'%, (.
"(&%.(.2(, # ,)2)#, (. 0% 5#.% '(0 4"#1(/2#
,2% 2%30% *+./)#.%"> /#&# +.
).')/%'#" '( 0%, (,4(/)(, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" "(,/%2%'%, '( ,(" (./#.2"%'%,
'+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( 4#" 4%"2( '(0 &#.)2#"
*#"(,2%0
0$+.%, '( (,2%, (,4(/)(, ,(">. +2)0)5%'%, 4%"% "(*#"(,2%" (0 >"(% '(
3#,;+( 4"#2(/2#" % /"(%",( %0 %0"('('#" '(0 &3%0,(

))&D
.

( #

4#, ,4 .#6

C
! "/
)
,
=

"

$ ;
"
;
%
" .
'D 7 / $/
* )/
$ "/)
4
'
"
"
" ;
$$
>
/ A)
$ )
/

8
!

:+(.2(? "%3%9
# '( %&4#J %1# K +.)#
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
J
8

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

@"3#0
@"3#0
A("3>/(%
"3#0)00#
"3#"
A(&)(47*)2%
@"3#0
@"3#0
@"3#0
@"3#0
@"3#0
)%.%
@"3#0
@"3#0
@"3#0
@"3#0

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

@"(%, '( &3%0,( 1 "(,%


%, (,4(/)(, '( 4#30%/)#.(, %&(.%5%'%, '(3(. ,(" 0#/%0)5%'%, 1 "(,/%2%'%,
(. "(/#"")'#, 4(")-')/#, '(0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,(J 4"(*("(.2(&(.2( (. 0#, 4+.2#,
4"#4+(,2#, (. 0% %30%
!
.% 6(5 "(,/%2%'%,J ,(">. )./#"4#"%'%, (. 0%
.+(6% >"(% 3#,/#,% %0"('('#" '(0 (&3%0,(
!
-

))&E

- -

A.
-

%,2)5%0

(
-

. #

. -

! .-

! .

"3#0(, '(

@"(% '(
(&3%0,( K
0%.2%/)#.(,
'( /%/%#
+02)6#,
6%")#,
(&%.(.2(
'( #,;+(

%/('("# * ) /
/
M:
N 1 (0 (0'%/#
A
M
NJ /#&# >"3#0(, '( /("/% 6)6% 4%"%
'(0)&)2%" 0).'("#,
"3#0(, /#&#? ,
M
NJ (0 %/('("# * ) /
/
M:
N 1 (0 (0'%/#
A
M
NJ
=,2#, '#, O02)&#, 4+('(. +2)0)5%",( /#&# /("/% 6)6% 4%"% '(0)&)2%" 0).'("#, 1 0%
(47*)2%
/
,4 M
N '( 4#2(./)%0 #".%&(.2%0
"3#0(, '( B / A)
,4 M
N

"3#0(, '(? ,
M
NJ (0 (0'%/#
A
M
NQ /#&# /("/% 6)6% 4%"% '(0)&)2%" 0).'("#,J 1 #2"%, /#&#?
<
,4 M
NJ <(0(/<#, %"3#"(,/(.2(,
"/
"
J ,4
).'(2 M
A
N 1 0%, <("3>/(%, (0 0%2%.)00# >
,4
MA
N
+02)6#, '(
(3)'# % ,+ %3+.'%./)% 0#/%0 1 ,+ 4#2(./)%0 #".%&(.2%0 4#,)30(&(.2( 4#'"7%.
%0&%
,(" /#&("/)%0)5%'%, 0%, (47*)2%, M /
,4 1 0#, <(0(/<#,N ;+( /"(/(.
,#3"( 0#, (,2)4(, '( 0%, 4%0&%, %*")/%.%, %, 4#30%/)#.(, .%2)6%, '( 0%
/<#/<)00% M%
/
N 4#'"7%. ,(" /#,(/<%'%, 1 /#&("/)%0)5%'%, 4#"
,+ +,# &(')/).%0 /#.2"% (0 /#0(,2("#0
,2("# (.(# A("3>/(%, '(?
4 / ;; M
A
N 1 0% #";+7'(% * ) /
/%&).#
%
E
A
N
#5% A#.'%
:+(.2(?
#".(9
#J .6(.2%")# '( %&4#J %1# 1 +.)#
8
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
J
8

XI.5.3.4

0 ,+34"#$"%&% '( ('+/%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 4%"% (,2% /#&4#.(.2( ,("6)"> 4%"%


4+30)/%" 1 ')*+.')" 0% ).*#"&%/)-. '( 0% *0#"% (B),2(.2( (. 0% 5#.%J 4"(6)# % 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0%3#"%/)-. '( +. &%.+%0 3)0).$Y( M).$0=,L(,4%P#0N '( 0% *0#"% '(0 >"(% '(0
(&3%0,(J /#. *).(, ('+/%2)6#,J /#.,("6%/)#.),2%,J /)(.27*)/#, 1 2+"7,2)/#, ,2(
&%.+%0 '(3("> (0%3#"%",( +2)0)5%.'# +. 0(.$+%9
( ,(./)00#J 1 '(2%00%"> 0%,
(,4(/)(, '( 40%.2%, 6%,/+0%"(, 0#/%0(, 4"(,(.2(, (. (0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,(J /#.
,+, "(,4(/2)6#, .#&3"(, /)(.27*)/#,J ,).#.)&)%,J .#&3"(, 0#/%0(,J
'(,/")4/)#.(,J +,#, 2"%')/)#.%0(,J /#&(.2%")#, (/#0-$)/#, ( )0+,2"%/)#.(, %
/#0#"
:%,( '( 0(.%'#
32(.(" /#"2(, 2"%.,6(",%0(, '( 0#, 2"#./#, '( 0#, >"3#0(, &>, %.2)$+#,Q (,2%,
&+(,2"%, (,2%">. '(3)'%&(.2( "#2+0%'%,J 4%"% (B<)3)/)-. (. 0#, (.2"#, '(
.2("4"(2%/)-.J /#. *).(,? '+/%2)6#,J /)(.27*)/#, 1 2+"7,2)/#,
XI.5.3.5

(%0)5%" (0 I ),(P# '( +. "#$"%&% '( (,/%2( '( :%+.% )06(,2"(G '( 0%,
(,4(/)(, "($),2"%'%, (. 0#, ).6(.2%")#, 0 4"#$"%&% '(3("> /#.,)'("%" ;+( (0
,(/2#" ,+*"( '( $"%. 4"(,)-. <+&%.% <%/)% 0#, "(/+",#, 3)#0-$)/#, .%2+"%0(,
'(&>,J '(3("> )./0+)" .#"&%, ;+( #"'(.(. 1 "($+0(. 0% %/2)6)'%'
,#/)#(/#.-&)/% '( 0% 5#.% 4%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0% /#.,("6%/)-. '( 0% 6)'%
,)06(,2"(
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
),(P%" (0 I
)
$
,
'4
G '#.'( ,(
/#0#/%">. 0%, (,4(/)(, ,)06(,2"(, 6)%30(, '( ,(" &%.2(.)'%, (.
/%+2)6(")#J %,7/#&# 0% /%4%/)2%/)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 ;+( 2"%3%9
%"> (. (0
&),&#
%4%/)2%" %0 4(",#.%0 '( 3)-0#$#, 1 4%"%3)-0#$#, M4(",#.%, 0#/%0(, /#.
/#.#/)&)(.2# 1 %*).)'%' /#. 0% *%+.% 1 *0#"% 0#/%0(,J ;+( ,( /%4%/)2%.
/#&# %,),2(.2(, '( /%&4# 4%"% /##4("%" /#. 0#, /)(.27*)/#,N
#.*#"&%" +. $"+4# '( 4(",#.%0 '( 40%.2% 1 6#0+.2%")#,Q /%4%/)2%"0#,
4%"% %2(.'(" 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, '( 0% *%+.% ,)06(,2"( (. (0 /(.2"# '(
"(,/%2(
,2( ,+34"#$"%&% ,( ).)/)%"> %0 ).)/)# '( 0% :%,( '( 0(.%'#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+"%.2( 0#, O02)&#, &(,(, '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 0#, 4")&("#,
&(,(, '( 0% :%,( '( 0(.%'# ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%" 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0
(.2"# '( (,/%2( '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '( *%+.% ,)06(,2"(
(.2"# '(0 /(.2"#
,( )&40(&(.2%">. 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, %'(/+%'%, 4%"%? (./)(""#,J 9
%+0%,J
2(""%")#,J (2/
'(&>,J (0 /(.2"# '(3("> /#.2%" /#. 0% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%
.(/(,%")% 4%"% ,+ #4("%/)-.
&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&% '( "(,/%2( '( *%+.% ,)06(,2"( %*(/2%'%
4#" 0% "(&#/)-. '( 6($(2%/)-. M5#.%, '( /+02)6# 1 "(&%.(.2(, '(
3#,;+(N (. (0 >"(% '( ).+.'%/)-. +"%.2( (,2% :%,( ,( (9
(/+2%"> (0
I $
,
F '( 0%, (,4(/)(, ,)06(,2"(,J 4"(6)%&(.2( '),(P%'#
'+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.J (. 0% /+%0 ,( /%42+"(. 2#'#, 0#,
%.)&%0(, 4#,)30(, 4%"% %0(9
%"0#, '( 0%, >"(%, '( 4(0)$"#
%"% 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '( (,2( 4"#$"%&%J ,( '(3("> /#.2%" /#. 6(<7/+0#,J 0%./<%,J
4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# /#.2"%2%'# 1 6#0+.2%")#J %,7/#&# 0% /##4("%/)-. '(
#"$%.)5%/)#.(, 4O30)/%, 1 4")6%'%, 0 "(,/%2( 1 "(+3)/%/)-. '( 0%,
(,4(/)(, ,)06(,2"(, ,( "(%0)5%"> '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
#.*#"&%" +. $"+4# '( 4(",#.%0 '( 40%.2% M3)-0#$#,J 4%"%3)-0#$#,J
6(2(").%")#,J 5##2(/.),2%,N 1 "(/0+2%&)(.2# '( 6#0+.2%")#, (. 0%,
'),/)40).%, %.2(, &(./)#.%'%,Q /%4%/)2%"0#, 4%"% "(,/%2%" % 0#,
%.)&%0(, ,)06(,2"(, M)./0+1(.'# (0 &%.(9
# '( 0#, %.)&%0(, 4(0)$"#,#,J
6(.(.#,#, # 4#.5#P#,#,N (. (0 >"(%
0%3#"%" +. 4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# 1 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0#, %.)&%0(,
,)06(,2"(, %O. (. 0)3("2%'
0%3#"%" +. 4"#$"%&% '( /##"').%/)-. /#. 0% *+("5% 4O30)/%J /"+5"#9
%J
&+.)/)4)#,J (2/ 4%"% "(%0)5%" %0$+.#, "(,/%2(, ;+( "(;+)("%. '(
4(",#.%0 &+1 /%4%/)2%'# # '( (;+)4#, (,4(/)%0(,
8

3)/%" % %0$+.%, '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '( ,("4)(.2(, 6(.(.#,%, 1 #2"#,


%.)&%0(, 4#.5#P#,#, "(,/%2%'#, % 0#, ).,2)2+2#, ;+( (0%3#"%. ,+("#, 1
%.27'#2#, /#""(,4#.')(.2(,

XI.5.3.5.1

><

+"%.2( 0% :%,( '( 0(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J /#.*#"&( (0 .)6(0 '(0 %$+% %+&(.2(J
0% *%+.% /#. /%4%/)'%' '( &#6)0)5%",( (&4(5%"> % &)$"%" 1 % 3+,/%" .+(6%,
&%'")$+("%,J 2("")2#")#, '( %0)&(.2%/)-.J /%/("7%J "(4"#'+//)-. ( <)3(".%/)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,2% &)$"%/)-. 4"#'+/)"> ).2("*("(./)%, /#. #2"%, (,4(/)(, (B),2(.2(, (.


(/#,),2(&%, 4#,)30(&(.2( (,2%30(, 1 4#'"7%. #/%,)#.%" '(,(;+)0)3")#,
4("&%.(.2(, # 2(&4#"%0(,
% ).2("*("(./)% 4+('( 4"(,(.2%",(J '( )$+%0
&%.("%J /#. %,(.2%&)(.2#, <+&%.#, #")$).%.'# /#.*0)/2#, (.2"( 0%, 4(",#.%,
1 0% *%+.%
( %;+70% )&4#"2%./)% '(0 I (.2"# 1 "#$"%&% '( (,/%2( '(
:%+.% )06(,2"(G
,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. '(3( #2#"$%",( % 0#, "(42)0(, 1 (.2"( (00#,J 0%, ,("4)(.2(,J
6(.(.#,%, # .# ,2%, (,4(/)(, .# ,+(0(. ,(" %$"(,)6%, (. /#.')/)#.(,
.#"&%0(,L.%2+"%0(, ). (&3%"$#J 0% (B/)2%/)-. /%+,%'% 4#" (0 #30)$%'#
'(,40%5%&)(.2# '( ,+ <>3)2%2 .%2+"%0 4+('( /#.'+/)" % /#&4#"2%&)(.2#,
%.#"&%0(, 1 %$"(,)6#, (. =,2%, 1 #2"%, (,4(/)(, '( *%+.% 4#.5#P#,%
(3( "(,%02%",( ;+( .# 2#'#, 0#, ,+("#, %.2)#*7')/#, ,#. 4#0)6%0(.2(,J (, '(/)"
;+( ,)"6(. 4%"% .(+2"%0)5%" (0 6(.(.# ).#/+0%'# 4#" /+%0;+)(" (,4(/)( '(
,("4)(.2( #" 0# 2%.2#J (, )&4#"2%.2( ;+( 0% 4#30%/)-. (. $(.("%0J 0#, #3"("#,
1 #4("%")#, '( 0% #3"% /#.#5/%. 1 %4"(.'%. % ')*("(./)%" 0%, (,4(/)(, '(
,("4)(.2(,J %,7/#&# 0#, ,7.2#&%, '( (.6(.(.%&)(.2# ;+( 4"#6#/%. /%'% +.%
'( (00%,
( '(3("> 4#" 0# 2%.2#J %'#42%" 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, &(')'%,?
2)0)5%" (0 ).6(.2%")# '( ,("4)(.2(, 4"(,(.2(, (. (0 ,(/2#"J (0%3#"%'#
4#" <("4(2-0#$#,J 4%"% (,2%30(/(" 0%, ')*("(./)%, (B),2(.2(, (.2"( 0%,
(,4(/)(, '( ,("4)(.2(, 6(.(.#,%, 1 .# 6(.(.#,%,
#" (9
(&40#J (.2"( 0%, 673#"%, M*%&)0)% )4(")'%(N 0%, ')*("(./)%, ,(
(,2%30(/(. (. 0% /#0% /#. "(,4(/2# % 0% '),4#,)/)-. '( 0%, (,/%&%,
6(.2"%0(, #, $=.("#, #2<"#4,J #2<")#4,), 1 #"2<)')+& 2)(.(.
(,/%&%, '),4+(,2%, (. % /#0+&.%, <%,2% (0 *).%0 '( 0% /#0% 0
$=.("# %/<(,), /+(.2% /#. (,/%&%, 4(;+(P%,J (")5%'%, 1 '),4+(,2%,
)""($+0%"&(.2( 2("&).%.'# (. +.% +P% /-".(% 1 4+('( %0/%.5%"
$"%.'(, ')&(.,)#.(, M(.2"( 0#,
1
&(2"#, '( 0#.$)2+'N
/#.6)"2)=.'#,( (. 0% ,("4)(.2( 6(.(.#,% '( &%1#" 2%&%P# (. 0%,
&=")/%,
#, $=.("#, #2<"#4,J #2<")#4,), 1 #"2<)')+& M )4(")'%(N 2)(.(.
6(.(.#, /#. (*(/2#,
"#2(#072)/#,J #%$+0%.2(,J %,/+0#2-B)/#, 1
(*"#2-B)/#,
0 $=.("# %/<(,), M )4(")'%(N 2)(.( 6(.(.#, /#.
(*(/2#,
"#2(#072)/#,J #%$+0%.2(,J %,/+0#2-B)/#, 1 %$%0(,Q 1J (0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

$=.("# )/"+"+, M 0%4)'%(N 2)(.( 6(.(.#, /#. (*(/2#,


;+( /#.'+/(. % 0% &+("2( 4#" %,*)B)%

(+"#2-B)/#, K

.2"(.%" 1 /%4%/)2%" % 0#, &=')/#, 1 #2"#, 4"#*(,)#.%0(, '( 0% ,%0+'J


'(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%J /#. +. &-'+0# 2=/.)/# (,4(/)%0)5%'# /#&40(2#
/#. ).*#"&%/)-. ,),2(&%2)5%'% (. /07.)/%J ')%$.-,2)/#J 2"%2%&)(.2# 1
4"#/(')&)(.2#, '( 6)$)0%./)% (4)'(&)#0-$)/%
,7J 0#, &=')/#, '(0
>"(% (,2%">. 4"(4%"%'#, 4%"% (&4"(.'(" %//)#.(, '( 4"(6(./)-. 1
/#.2"#0 1 '( "(,4+(,2% %.2( &#"'('+"%, 1 ,+, /#.,(/+(./)%,
.2"(.%" 1 /%4%/)2%" %0 4(",#.%0 1 4#30%/)-. (. &(')'%, '( 4"(6(./)-.
1 2"%2%&)(.2# '( %//)'(.2(, 4#" &#"'('+"% '( ,("4)(.2(, (
).6("2(3"%'#, 4#.5#P#,#, 4%"% '),&).+)" 0#, ")(,$#, ).<("(.2(, % 0%
&%.)4+0%/)-. '( #*)')#, 6(.(.#,#,J (. /%,# '( (./#.2"%",( /#. (00#,
:#"&%" +. (;+)4# '( %6%.5%'% 4%"% /%42+"%" 0%, (,4(/)(, 6)6%, 1
2"%,0%'%"0%, %0 (.2"# '( (,/%2( '( :%+.% )06(,2"(
0$+.#,
(9
(&40%"(, 4#'">. ,(" (.6)%'#, % 0#, 0%3#"%2#")#, ;+( (. +%1%;+)0
M .,2)2+2# '( A)$)(.( (#4#0'# ="(5 N 1 F+)2# M:+.'%/)-.
A("4(2#0-$)/%N "(%0)5%. ).6(,2)$%/)#.(, 1 (B2"%(. (0 6(.(.# '( 0%,
,("4)(.2(, 4%"% (0%3#"%" 0#, ,+("#, %.2)#*7')/#,
+,/")3)" /#.6(.)#, /#. ).,2)2+/)#.(, $+3(".%&(.2%0(, 1 .#
$+3(".%&(.2%0(,J .%/)#.%0(, # (B2"%.9
("%, ;+( 2"%3%9
(. /#. #*)')#,
4%"% )&4%"2)" /<%"0%, '( /#./)(./)%/)-. 1 4"(6(./)-. '( &#"'('+"%, 1
+,#, '( ,+("#, %'(/+%'#,
8

4#1%" 0%, ).6(,2)$%/)#.(, (2.#3#2>.)/%, ,#3"( (0 +,# '( 40%.2%,


.%2)6%, /#&# %.27'#2#, 4%"% 6(.(.#, '( ,("4)(.2(,J ;+( ,( 00(6%. %
/%3# (. 0#, #,;+(, '(0 <#/- '(0 4%7,

,2%30(/(" +.)'%'(, &=')/%, # (;+)4%" 0%, (B),2(.2(,J '#2>.'#0%, '(


&%2(")%0(, .(/(,%")#, %,7/#&# 4"#6(("0%, '( ,+("#, %.2)#*7')/#, ,2%,
+.)'%'(, &=')/%, '(3(">. (,2%" +3)/%'%, (,2"%2=$)/%&(.2( 1 ,("
/%4%/(, '( "(,4#.'(" "(,4#.,%30(&(.2( %.2( /+%0;+)(" (&("$(./)%

B),2(. #2"%, (,4(/)(, '( ).2("=, (. (0 >"(%J 2%0 /#&# 0%, "%.%, 6(.(.#,%, '( 0%
*%&)0)% (.'"#3%2)'%(J ;+( ,#. '( 6),2#,#, /#0#"(, 4%"% %'6("2)" (0 4(0)$"#
;+( "(4"(,(.2%.J 4#" (9
(&40# 0% "%.% ')%30# M!
""G/+1#, 6(.(.#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

6%"7%. '( +.% ,)&40( )"")2%/)-. (. 0% 4)(0 %0 2#/%"0%, <%,2% ')*("(.2(, .)6(0(,
'( .(+"#2#B)/)'%'
. (0 /%,# '( ).6("2(3"%'#, 4#.5#P#,#,J /#&# 0#, '( 0% 0%,( "%/<.)'%J
M%"%P%,J (,/#"4)#.(, 1 %0%/"%.(,N (. 4%"2)/+0%" 0%, %"%P%, '(0 #"'(. "%.(% ,(
%0)&(.2%. 4)/%.'# # &#"')(.'# % ,+, 4"(,%, . 6)"2+' '(0 2%&%P# '( 0%
%"%P% ,#. $(.("%0&(.2( ).6("2(3"%'#, # 4(;+(P#, 6("2(3"%'#, % 4)/%'+"%
'( 0%, %"%P%, 4%"% 0#, ,("(, <+&%.#, (, ).#*(.,)6% 4#" 0# $(.("%0J ,%06#
(B/(4/)#.(,J /#&# (0 /%,# '( 0%, %"%P%, '(0 $=.("# %2"#'(/2+, M"(0%2)6%, % 0%
%"%P% 6)+'% .($"% ;+( 6)6( (. +"%&=")/% 1 (. (,2( ,(/2#" '(0 /+%'#"N 1
/+1% 4)/%'+"% 4#'"7% ,(" &#"2%0
2"# (9
(&40#J (, (0 '( 0#, (,/#"4)#.(, 1 %0%/"%.(, ;+( 2%&3)=. 4#'"7%. /%+,%"
&+("2(, ). (&3%"$#J (. (0 /+%'#" .# ,( <%. "($),2"%'# &+/<#, /%,#,
0$+.%, 4)/%'+"%, '( =,2#, 4+('(. ,(" 2%. *+("2(, 1 '#0#"#,%, /#&# 0%, '(
0%, <#"&)$%,J %6),4%, 1 %3(9
%, M "'(.? A1&(.#42("%N ;+( '(4(.')(.'# '( 0%
/%.2)'%' '( 4)/%'+"%, '( ).,(/2# # ).#/+0%/)#.(, '( 6(.(.# "(/)3)'%, 4#'"7%.
/%+,%" '%P# # &%2%" % +.% 4(",#.%J '(4(.')(.'# '( 0% ,(.,)3)0)'%' '(0
).')6)'+#
. 4"#/(')&)(.2# ,)&)0%" %0 '(,/")2# 4%"% 0%, ,("4)(.2(, '(3( )&40(&(.2%",(
4%"% &%.(9
%" %//)'(.2(, /#. ).6("2(3"%'#, 4#.5#P#,#,J 2(""(,2"(, 1
6#0%'#"(, 0 /#&(.5%" 0% "(&#/)-. '( 6($(2%/)-. (. 0% 5#.% '( ).+.'%/)-. #
'+"%.2( (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J (, 4#,)30( ;+( ,( 4"(,(.2(. (.9
%&3"(,
'(,/#.2"#0%'#, ;+( 4"#6#;+(. '%P# % <+&%.#, 1 % 0% *%+.% ,)06(,2"( &%1#"
1 '#&=,2)/%
. (,2( /%,#J ,( '(3("> /#.2%" /#. (0 %,(,#"%&)(.2# '(
(.2#&-0#$#, 1 %"%/.-0#$#, 4%"% "(%0)5%" +. ).6(.2%")# 4"(6)#J /#0(/2%"J
"(,/%2%"J 1 % *+2+"# "(+3)/%" % 0%, (,4(/)(, (. /+(,2)-.
( ,(" .(/(,%")#J
/#.*#"&( %0 ).6(.2%")#J (0%3#"%" 0#, ,+("#, /#.2"% 0#, ')*("(.2(, 6(.(.#,
#. 0%, &(')'%, '(,/")2%, (. (,2% ,(//)-. '(3("> )&40(&(.2%",( (0 "#$"%&%
'( "(6(./)-. 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( (,4(/)(, 6(.(.#,%, 1 4#.5#P#,%,
#&# 4%"2( '( (,2( ,+34"#$"%&% ,( '(3( "(%0)5%" +. #.6(.)# '( %0+' 4%"%
*#"2%0(/(" % 0#, ,+3/(.2"#, '( ,%0+' 0#/%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

88

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %4%0

%, &(')'%, ,#/)# %&3)(.2%0(, '(0 4"(,(.2( 4"#$"%&% (,2>. #")(.2%'%, %


4"(6(.)"J &)2)$%" # /#&4(.,%" 0% 4="')'% # %02("%/)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,
, )&4#"2%.2( "(/#"'%" ;+( 0% '(*).)/)-. '( 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, )./0+1( % 0#,
2%.$)30(, M(,/+02+"%,J 4).2+"%,J %"2(*%/2#, %";+(#0-$)/#,J (')*)/)#, + #2"#,
#39
(2#,N 1 % 0#, ).2%.$)30(, M0(1(.'%,J &)2#,J /#,2+&3"(, 1 /"((./)%,N
+"%.2( 0% 4"(4%"%/)-. '(0 4"(,(.2(
,( "(%0)5%"#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,
%/2)6)'%'(, "(*("(.2(, %0 )&4%/2# ,#3"( 0#, "(/+",#, /+02+"%0(,?
(/#.#/)&)(.2# '( /%&4# ).2(.,)6# (. 0%, >"(%, '( )&4%/2# ')"(/2#
).&(')%2#J (,2# (, /%.%0 '( 2"%,6%,( 1 5#.% '( 4"(,% /(.2"%0
<)'"#(0=/2")/%J 1 6),)2%, % 0% 5#.% )&4%/2# ')"(/2# &(')%2# K(&3%0,(K
(,%""#00# '( 6%")%, &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. #")(.2%'%, % (0)&).%" #
&).)&)5%" 0#, )&4%/2#,
,2%, &(')'%, )./0+1(. 0%, "(,4(/2)6%,
4"#,4(//)#.(,J (B/%6%/)#.(, '( ,%06%2%9
( 1 %.>0),), '( &%2(")%0J %,7
/#&# 0% 4+(,2% (. 6%0#" '( 0#, 3)(.(, 2%.$)30(,7 ( ).2%.$)30(,8 ;+( ,#.
(./#.2"%'#,
% ).6(,2)$%/)-. )./0+1-?
3 ? (,2)&%/)-. '( 0% .%2+"%0(5%J /%0)'%' ( )&4#"2%./)% '( 0#,
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,J (0 '),(P# '( 0#, 4"#1(/2#, 1 (0 40%. % )&40(&(.2%",(
? 0#$"%" %/+("'#, '( 0%, &(')'%, % )&40%.2%" 4%"%
4"#2($(" (0 4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0J 0%, &(')'%, '(3(. "(*0(9
%" +. %4#1#
0($%0
3 ? &#.)2#"(# '( 0#, ,)2)#, 4%2")&#.)%0(,J +,# '(
4"#/(')&)(.2#, *).%0(,J (.2"(.%&)(.2# % 4(",#.%, 0#/%0(, (.
/#.,("6%/)-. '(0 4%2")&#.)#

)(.(, 2%.$)30(,J ;+( 4+('(. ,(" 6),2#, # 2#/%'#,? "(,2#, %";+(#0-$)/#,J (0(&(.2#, %";+)2(/2-.)/#,J
#39
(2#, %.2)$+#,J *#2#,J 6(,2)&(.2%J $%,2"#.#&7%J (2/
8
)(.(, ).2%.$)30(,J ;+( .# 4+('(. ,(" 6),2#, # 2#/%'#,? /#,2+&3"(,J 2"%')/)#.(,? #"%0 # (,/")2%J /%.2#,J
(2/
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

8!

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3 ? (6%0+%/)-. '( 0% (*(/2)6)'%' '( 0%, &(')'%, 4%2")&#.)%0(,J


&(')%.2( 0% 4"(,(./)% /#.,2%.2( '( +. &#.)2#" (,4(/)%0)5%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7%
. 0# ;+( "(,4(/2% % 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( +.% (B/%6%/)-. %";+(#0-$)/% M"(,/%2(NJ
=,2% )&40)/% 0% '(,2"+//)-. # %02("%/)-. '( 0#, 1%/)&)(.2#,J 1 (, /#. *"(/+(./)%
0% O.)/% %//)-. 4#,)30( 4%"% &)2)$%" +. )&4%/2# )""(6(",)30(J (0 =B)2# '( 0%
&(')'% '(4(.'("> '(0 4"#*(,)#.%0),&# /#. ;+( ,( "(%0)/(. 2%0(, (,2+')#, 0
%0/%./( 1 (0 ")$#" /)(.27*)/# /#. ;+( ,( "(%0)5%. 0#, "(,/%2(, %";+(#0-$)/#,
/#.,2)2+1(. *%/2#"(, '(2("&).%.2(, (. 0% &)2)$%/)-. '(0 )&4%/2# 1 4#" (.'(
(. 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '(0 4%2")&#.)# <),2-")/# #" 0# 2%.2#J 0% 4"(,("6%/)-. '(0
4%2")&#.)# '(4(.'("> ')"(/2%&(.2( '( +.% (,2")/2% ,(0(//)-. 2=/.)/%
'(&>,J '(3( .#"&%",( # (,2%30(/(",( /0%"%&(.2( 0#, #39
(2)6#, 1 %0/%./(, '(
0#, (,2+')#,
!
.
-

!.

. 6

! -

- . 1. # ( . 6 !
(/#.#/)&)(.2#L (0(//)-. '( +2%,
"(*%/2)3)0)'%'
:%/2)3)0)'%'
),(P#
#.,2"+//)-.
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8

))&'
-

- !H

(.

-!./ !/.

. - !
. - ! .I/
51
(2("&).%/)-. '(0 #2(./)%0 ";+(#0-$)/#
(/#.#/)&)(.2# ";+(#0-$)/#
"#,4(//)-.L 6%0+%/)-. ";+(#0-$)/%
),(P# '(0 0%. '( (,/%2(
9
(/+/)-. '(0 0%. '( (,/%2(L #.)2#"(# 1
)6+0$%/)-.

.I/

1;

%"% 0#$"%" (. +. (,2+')# '(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0 0% /#""(/2% ,),2(&%2)5%/)-.


;+( %&(")2%J =,2% '(3("> /#&4"(.'(" 0%, *%,(, 4"#4+(,2%, (. 0% %30%
J (.
0% /+%0 ,( '(2%00%. 0%, "(0%/)#.(, (.2"( 0%, ')*("(.2(, (2%4%, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (0
4"#$"%&% '( %";+(#0#$7% '( "(,/%2( % %30%
4"(,(.2% 0% "(0%/)-. (.2"(
0%, *%,(, '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
1 (0 4"#$"%&% '( %";+(#0#$7% '(
"(,/%2(J %'(&>, (,2%30(/( (0 (,2%'# '( (9
(/+/)-. %/2+%0 '(0 &),&#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.

( - -

. 6

. 1. #

))&J

-( - -

!.

. 6

.I/

. -

1;

:%,( ?
.6(,2)$%/)-.
3)30)#$">*)/%

.&(')%2#
M"(%0)5%'#N

.&(')%2#
M"(%0)5%'#N

:%,( ?
(/#.#/)&)(.2#L
(0(//)-. '( "+2%,

.&(')%2#
M"(%0)5%'#N

.&(')%2#
M"(%0)5%'#N

:%,( ?
,2+')# '( &4%/2#
&3)(.2%0
:%,( ?
,2+')# '( &4%/2#
&3)(.2%0

%.2(, '(
/#.,2"+)"
M"(%0)5%'#N
%.2(, '(
/#.,2"+)"
M"(%0)5%'#N

%.2(, '(
).+.'%"
M"(%0)5%'#N
%.2(, '(
).+.'%"
M4#" "(%0)5%"N

:%,( ?
:%/2)3)0)'%'

%.2(, '(
/#.,2"+)"
M"(%0)5%'#N

:%,( 8?
),(P#

).&(')%2#
0+($# '( *%,(
M4#" "(%0)5%"N

:%,( !?
#.,2"+//)-.

%.2(, 1
'+"%.2( 0%
/#.,2"+//)-.
M4#" "(%0)5%"N

%.2(, '(
).+.'%"J 0+($#
'( *%,(
M4#" "(%0)5%"N
).&(')%2%&(.
2( 0+($# '(
*%,(
M4#" "(%0)5%"N
'+"%.2( 0%
).+.'%/)-.
M4#" "(%0)5%"N

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8

!
. 1. #

.
#

.I/
. -

1;
!

(2("&).%/)-. '(0
4#2(./)%0 %";+(#0-$)/#?
.6(,2)$%/)-.
)30)#$">*)/%
(2("&).%/)-. '(0
4#2(./)%0 %";+(#0-$)/#?
(/#.#/)&)(.2# '(
%&4#
+(,2"(# /+02+"%0

(/#.#/)&)(.2#
%";+(#0-$)/#?
"+(3%,
%";+(#0-$)/%, M,#.'(#,
# 4"+(3%, '( 4%0%N
"#,4(//)-.L B/%6%/)-.
'( ,%06%2%9
(? 3)/%/)-.J
).2($")'%' 1 ,)$.)*)/%'#
'( 0#, 3)(.(,
),(P# '(0 40%. '(
"(,/%2(? %06%2%9
(
%";+(#0-$)/# #
(B/%6%/)-. '( "(,/%2(
9
(/+/)-. '(0 40%. '(
"(,/%2(L #.)2#"(# 1
')6+0$%/)-.

%, ).6(,2)$%/)#.(, '(4(.'(">. '(0 2(""(.#J 2)4# '( <%00%5$#,J )&4#"2%./)% 1


/#.')/)-. ( (.2)(.'( ;+( '( /%'% *%,( ,( '(3("> 4"(,(.2%" +. ).*#"&( /#.
0#, "(,4(/2)6#, %.>0),), "(%0)5%'#, E,2#, 4+('(. ,(" '( /(">&)/%J 072)/%J ,+(0#J
,(&)00%,J 4#0(.J <+(,#, <+&%.#,J <+(,#, '( %.)&%0(,J $(#&#"*#0#$7%J
*(/<%&)(.2# "%')#/%"3-.)/# # '( #2"# 2)4#J (2/ 0 2)4# '( %.>0),), % "(%0)5%",(
'(4(.'("> 3>,)/%&(.2( '( 0% *%,( '(0 40%. (. ;+( ,( (./+(.2"( (0 4"#1(/2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

, /0%"# ;+( (. 0# "(*("(.2( %0 "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/# (, )&4#"2%.2( 0% /%0)'%'


/)(.27*)/% '(0 $"+4# <+&%.# ;+( "(%0)5%"> (0 &),&#J '%'# ;+( (0 4%2")&#.)#
4+('( ,(" %*(/2%'# 4#" 0% *%02% '( 4"(4%"%/)-. 1 "(%0)5%/)-. '( 0#, (,2+')#,
/#. 0% '(3)'% %.2(0%/)-.
% 4"#,4(//)-. %";+(#0-$)/% ,( "(%0)5%"> (. 0%,
5#.%, ,(.,)30(, (. '#.'( .# ,( <% (9
(/+2%'# %O.? 5#.%, '( 4"=,2%&# '(
&%2(")%0(, 1 (&3%0,(
0 "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/# ).&(')%2# '(3( '%",( (. 0%, >"(%, 4"#,4(/2%'%, /#&#
4%"2( '(0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')# 1 ,#. %;+(00%, >"(%, '( ).2("6(./)-. 4")&("% %,
>"(%, '( "(,/%2( ).&(')%2# 1 0)3("%/)-. 4#" 4%"2( '(0 .,2)2+2# %/)#.%0 '(
%2")&#.)# +02+"%0 M
N ,( /#./(.2"%">. (. %;+(00#, ,)2)#, ;+( 4"(,(.2(.
(0(&(.2#, %";+(#0-$)/#, '( '#, &%2(")%, 4")&%, ')*("(.2(, (. +. >"(% '(
&
0 (,2+')# '(0 /#&4#.(.2( %";+(#0-$)/# <% "(%0)5%'# <%,2% %<#"% %0$+.%, '(
0%, ,)$+)(.2(, %/2)6)'%'(,J 4%"% 6(" 0#, '(2%00(, )" % %30%
?
)%

+%

3
)$.)*)/%'# '(0 4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0 (./#.2"%'#
)6(0 '( )""(6(",)3)0)'%' '(0 )&4%/2# ')"(/2# ( ).')"(/2#
B2(.,)-. '(0 4#,)30( )&4%/2#
#
3
%&3)#, '( "+2%,J ,+$(")" /%&3)# (. /%,# '( ;+( 0% )&4#"2%./)% '(0
3)(. ,(% /#.,)'("%30( M%40)/%30( % /%&).#, '( %//(,# .+(6#, 1 2"%5%'#
'(0 /%.%0N
%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(, 1 ,)2)#, /+02+"%0(, )'(.2)*)/%'#,
"#,)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 ,+ )&4%/2# (. 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,J )&4%/2#,
')"(/2#, ( ).')"(/2#,
"#2(//)-. /#&40(2% '( ,)2)#, /#. 0% *).%0)'%' '( &%.2(.("0#, ).2%/2#,J
(. /%,# '( (./#.2"%" +. &#.+&(.2# '( )&4#"2%./)% <),2-")/% .#2#")%
B/%6%/)#.(, '( "(,/%2(J /#&# &(')'% '( &)2)$%/)-. (. 0% &%1#"7% '(
0#, /%,#,

XI.5.4.1

#%

%, &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. &%.(9


%'%, (. 2#".# % 0#, 3)(.(, ;+( ,(">. #39
(2#
'( 0#, (*(/2#, %'6(",#, ,#.?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

),(P# '( #3"% %02(".%2)6#J #")(.2%'# % 0)&)2%" 0% &%$.)2+' '(0


)&4%/2#
'#42%" +. 40%. '( 4"(,("6%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0#, ,)2)#,
).')/%'#,
("/%'(%" 0#, 3)(.(, /#. (0 *). '( '(,%""#00# 2+"7,2)/#
#/+&(.2%" 4"#*+,%&(.2( (0 3)(. <),2-")/#L%";+(#0-$)/# %.2(, '( ;+(
,( '(,2"+1%
(/#0(//)-. '( '%2#, '( ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
2)0)5%.'# .+(,2"% 4"#4+(,2% '( /+%2"# /#0#"(,
,)$+)(.2(,?
,3H3@ )2)#, 8J

%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, ,#. 0%,

0%.2(%" +. '),(P# '( #3"% %02(".%2)6#J #")(.2%'# % 0)&)2%" 0% &%$.)2+'


'(0 )&4%/2#
6%')" (. 0# 4#,)30( 2#'% %//)-. ,#3"( 0#, ,)2)#, ).')/%'#,
'#42%" +. 40%. '( 4"(,("6%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0#, ,)2)#,
).')/%'#,
#0%3#"%" (. (0 &("/%'(# '( 0#, 3)(.(, /#. (0 *). '( '(,%""#00%"0#,
2+"7,2)/%&(.2(
#/+&(.2%"
4"#*+,%&(.2(
0#,
,($&(.2#,
'(0
3)(.
<),2-")/#L%";+(#0-$)/# %*(/2%'#
#.)2#"(# '+"%.2( '(,%""#00# '( #3"%,
: , :H @'

!J

#/+&(.2%"
4"#*+,%&(.2(
(0
,($&(.2#
<),2-")/#L%";+(#0-$)/# ;+( ,( %*(/2(
(/#0(//)-. '( '%2#, '( ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
#.)2#"(# '+"%.2( '(,%""#00# '( #3"%,

'(0

3)(.

3@ )2)#, J J 8J 1
#/+&(.2%" 4"#*+,%&(.2( (0 3)(. <),2-")/#L%";+(#0-$)/# %.2(, '( ;+(
,( '(,2"+1%
(/#0(//)-. '( '%2#, '( ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
#.)2#"(# '+"%.2( '(,%""#00# '( #3"%,

% ,

<*,!*@:
I I#I2I 1I I I I (I 2)
#.)2#"(# '+"%.2( '(,%""#00# '( #3"%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%06%2%9
( )&4"(6),2#J '( ,(" (0 /%,#
) 3)(. (0 &#.)2#"(# (,2> "(4"(,(.2%'# &>, *)"&(&(.2( (. 2#".# % 0%, 5#.%,
'( .#. ,)2(J <%1 ;+( (.*%2)5%" ;+( '(3( ,(" "(%0)5%'# '+"%.2( 2#'%, 0%, #3"%,J
1 (. 2#'#, ,+, *"(.2(,
( "(/#&)(.'% +.% ).2("6(./)-. '(0 T '(0 ,)2)# /#&# &7.)&#J (,( T '(3(">
,(" (,2+')%'# 4"#*+,%&(.2(J /#.,)'("%.'# 0#, ')6(",#, 2)4#, '( %.>0),), ;+(
4+('(. ,(" %40)/%'#, "(,4(2%.'# 0#, (,2>.'%"(, ).2(".%/)#.%0(,
%, >"(%, %
,(" ).2("6(.)'%, 4+('(. ,#. "(4"(.,%'%, (. 0% %30%
,)$+)(.2(?
!

.
!(
-!
,()

))& )K
! # L
-! -6
A.
- ..
. 6 ! #/ ! . 5- !
! # L
4M
C#+F
! .*
.- C#+F
5

#. ,)2(
#. ,)2(
!

J
#. ,)2(

!
#. ,)2(
#. ,)2(
#. ,)2(
!
#. ,)2(
#. ,)2(
8
!
).'(*).)'#

(,%""#00#
#.,("6%"
#. ,)2(
#. ,)2(

/#.2"#0%'#

!
:+("% '( 2"%5%'#
88

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

(,%""#00#
#.,("6%"
(,%""#00#
#.,("6%"
#. ,)2(

/#.2"#0%'#
/#.2"#0%'#

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

, .(/(,%")# '(,2%/%" ;+( %.2( +. <%00%5$#J 0% (9


(/+/)-. '( +. 40%. '( "(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/# '(3("> /#.2(&40%" 0# ,)$+)(.2( M >./<(5 #,;+("%J
N?
+&40)" /#. (0
($0%&(.2# 4%"% 0% /#./(,)-. '( 4("&),#, '(
).6(,2)$%/)-. %";+(#0-$)/% 2(""(,2"(
32(.(" 0% "(,4(/2)6% %+2#")5%/)-. '(0 .,2)2+2#
+02+"%0

%/)#.%0 '(

%2")&#.)#

"(,(.2%" +. 4"#1(/2# *).%0 ;+( '(3("> ,(" %4"#3%'# 4#" (0


J (. (0
;+( ,( &(./)#.( 0% &(2#'#0#$7% % ,(" %40)/%'% 1 ,+, %02(".%2)6%,J %//)#.(,
4"#4+(,2%,J 4#,)30(, )&4%/2#,J /#.,(/+(./)%, '( 0#, )&4%/2#,J 4#,)30(,
,#0+/)#.(,J &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-.J 1 %.>0),), '(0 /#,2# 3(.(*)/)# '( 0%
&(')'% % ,(" 2#&%'%
"(,(.2%" +.% 0),2% '( 4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# 4%"% 2"%3%9
%" /#. ,+ (B4(")(./)%
1 $"%'#, #32(.)'#,
) 0% 5#.% (, '( %02# ")(,$# 1 &+1 ,(.,)30( ,( '(3( +2)0)5%" +. (;+)4#
/#&40(2# 4%"% (0 (,2+')# '(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0
,2( (;+)4# '(3(
/#&4#.(",( %0 &(.#, 4#" +. %";+(-0#$#J +. %'&).),2"%'#" '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 +. %";+)2(/2# '(0 4%),%9
( . (9
(&40# '( '#.'( %40)/%" (,2#,
(;+)4#, '( 2"%3%9
# ,#. 0%, >"(%, '( 4"(,("6%/)-.
8

#'# "(/+",# %";+(#0-$)/# # 3)(. /+02+"%0 &+(30( ;+( ,(% &#6)'# '(
2(""(.#, (,2%2%0(,J &+.)/)4%0(, # /#&+.%0(, '(3("> ,(" 4"(,("6%'# 4#"
%0$+.% +.)6(",)'%'J %0$O. &+,(#J + #2"% (.2)'%' /)(.27*)/% 1 /+02+"%0J ;+(
,(% %4"#3%'% 4#" (0
( 4"#4#.( (0 (.2"# '( .2("4"(2%/)-. '( 0%
+02+"% ";+(#0-$)/% '( 0% +(./% '(0 7# %3%
#, /+,2#')#, '(3(">. /#.2%" /#. (0 6),2# 3+(.# '(0
. /%,# '( ;+( +.% (B/%6%/)-. # "(&#/)-. '( "(/+",#, /+02+"%0(, ,(
"(%0)/( (. 2)(""%, 4("2(.(/)(.2(, % %3#"7$(.(, # .%2)6#,J =,% '(3( ,("
"(%0)5%'% /#. (0 4("&),# '( 0% /#&+.)'%'
% "(0%/)-. (.2"( (0
J (0 /#.2"%2),2% 1 0#, ).6(,2)$%'#"(, 6%")%"> '(
%/+("'# /#. 0% *%,( '(0 4"#1(/2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"#1(/2# I (.2"# '( .2("4"(2%/)-. '( 0% +02+"% ";+(#0-$)/%J A),2-")/% 1


#4+0%" '( 0% +(./% '(0 7# %3%? +(.% :( 1 ,+, %0"('('#"(,
.6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(, 2%.$)30(, ( ).2%.$)30(, "(4#"2%'#, (. 0% 5#.% '(0
(&3%0,( '(0 %3%
+(,2% (. 6%0#" '( 0#, 3)(.(, ).6(.2%")%'#,
)6+0$%/)-. '( "(,+02%'#,
#.,2"+//)-. ( )&40%.2%/)-. '( +. /(.2"# '( ).2("4"(2%/)-. '( 0%
/+02+"% %";+(#0-$)/%J <),2-")/% 1 4#4+0%"
3 & 4 ?
#.(" (. 6%0#" 1 ')6+0$%" 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/# 1
/+02+"%0 &(')%.2( 0% /"(%/)-. '( +. /(.2"# '( ).2("4"(2%/)-. % 0%
(.2"%'% %0 (&3%0,(J (. 0% 5#.% '(0 (.2"# "3%.# A%-.
%

?
% ");+(5% /+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.% ,("> 4+(,2% (. 6%0#"J &(')%.2( 0%
')*+,)-. '( ,+ (B),2(./)%
4
?
( (,4("% ;+( 0#, 6),)2%.2(, % 0% 5#.% ,( )./"(&(.2(. '(3)'# % 0%
4"(,(./)% '(0 /(.2"# '( ).2("4"(2%/)-. (. +. T %.+%0J (. 0#, 2"(,
4")&("#, %P#,
& 4?
#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.% '( ).*0+(./)% ).')"(/2% 1 6),)2%.2(,
$

4
@
+"%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#? &(,(,

"
@
. (.2"#, '( ).2("4"(2%/)-.
%&(")/%.#,N
.% (B4#,)/)-.
%&(")/%.#,N

J##

M#./(

&)0

'-0%"(,

J##

M'#/(

&)0

'-0%"(,

0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# /#""( 4#" /+(.2% '( 0% /#&),)-. /"(%'% 4#" 0% /#&+.)'%' 1


(0 /#.,#"/)# /#.,2"+/2#"
. 0% %30%
,( ).')/% +. (,;+(&% 4%"% (0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"#$"%&% '(0 (.2"# '( .2("4"(2%/)-. '( 0%


1 #4+0%" '( 0% +(./% '(0 )# %3%
!
. 1. #
/ !/.
# -)
(.2"#
'(
.2("4"(2%/)
-.
)6+0$%/)-.
'(
"(,+02%'#,

";+(#0-$)/%J A),2-")/%

))& )K

.
.I/

+02+"%

!.

! . . !

51

# -+

# -,

# -0

),(P#
1
0%.)*)/%/)-

#.,2"+//)
-.

#.,2"+//)-.

#.,2"+//)-.

(0(//)-. '(
.*#"&%/)-.

0%3#"%/).
'(
:#00(2#,

),(P#
'(
(B4#,)/)-.

),(P#
'(
(B4#,)/)-.

# -4

# -D

# -E

# -'

(0(//)-.
'(
4"#6(('#
"(,

(6%.2%
&)(.2#
'(
0%
B4#,)/)
-.

(6%.2%&)
(.2# '( 0%
B4#,)/)-.

(6%.2%
&)(.2#
'(
0%
B4#,)/)
-.

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

XI.5.4.2

&
"

8 8 !

'

#%

%, (B/%6%/)#.(,J (. $(.("%0J '(,2"+1(. 0% '#/+&(.2%/)-. %/+&+0%'% (. 0%


2)(""% '+"%.2( &)0(.)#,J 4#" 0# /+%0 (,2% (6)'(./)% '(3( ,(" "($),2"%'%J %
&(')'% ;+( ,%0( % 0% 0+51 (, "(/#$)'% /#. (B%/2)2+' ,7J 0% ,)2+%/)-. #")$).%0
'( /%'% #39
(2# <%00%'#J 4#" &7.)&# ;+( ,(%J 4+('% ,(" "(/#.,2"+)'% (
).2("4"(2%'% (. +. *+2+"# 4#" #2"#, (,2+')#,#,J '(,'( .+(6#, 4+.2#, '( 6),2%J
&=2#'#, 1 2=/.)/%,
% /"(%/)-. '( ).,2"+&(.2#, .#"&%2)6#, 4%"% 0% ,%06%$+%"')% '( 0#,
1%/)&)(.2#, 1 ,+, <%00%5$#,J <% ,("6)'# /#&# 4+(.2( '( /#.2%/2# 1 '(
%//)#.(, '(,'( 0#, &(')#, (,4(/)%0)5%'#, <%/)% 0%, %+2#")'%'(, /#&4(2(.2(,
0%, %+2#")'%'(, 0(, /#""(,4#.'( 0% '(*(.,% 9
+"7')/%J 0% 4"#2(//)-. *7,)/% M(.
(0 ,(.2)'# '( ,($+")'%'N '( 0#, 3)(.(, %";+(#0-$)/#, ,2( (, (0 ,(.2)'#
4")&#"')%0 '( %0$+.#, '#/+&(.2#, ).2(".%/)#.%0(,J /#&# 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
%"2% '( (.(/)% M 88N? %"27/+0#,
VV )/#&#, #"$L'#/,L6(.)/(Z(, <2&0
%"2% '( 2(.%, M
N? VVV )/#&#, #"$L'#/,L%2<(.,Z/<%"2(" <2&0
%"2% '( (03#+".( M
N
(/0%"%/)-. '( %. .2#.)# M 8N
. 2="&).#, $(.("%0(, (,2#, '#/+&(.2#, (,2%30(/(. ;+( 0% %+2(.2)/)'%' '( 0%
<("(./)% /+02+"%0 (,2> "(0%/)#.%'% /#. 0% )'(.2)'%' /+02+"%0
. (,2( ,(.2)'#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0#, &%2(")%0(, ;+( /#&4#.(. +. ,)2)# %";+(#0-$)/# ,#. 0#, (0(&(.2#, ;+(
*#"2%0(/(. 1 %+2(.2)*)/%. (,% )'(.2)'%' /+02+"%0
,7J ,( /#.,2)2+1(. (. 0#,
&(')#, ;+( 4("&)2(. % 0#, %/2+%0(, <%3)2%.2(, /#.#/(" (0 4%,%'# 1 ,+, 6%0#"(,
,#. '( ')6(",% 7.'#0(? (,2=2)/#J <),2-")/#J /+02+"%0J (2/
#, 4")./)4)#, ).2(".%/)#.%0(, 4"#4(.'(. % 0% 4"(,("6%/)-. '( 0#, ,)2)#,
,%$"%'#, 1 ,)$.)*)/%2)6#,
, .(/(,%")# /#&# 4%"2( '( 0%, #3"%, '(
/#.,2"+//)-. /#.,("6%" ( ).6(,2)$%" /#.2"#0%'%&(.2(
#'#, 0#, ,)2)#,
,(0(//)#.%'#, '(3(. ,(" (.2(.')'#, /#&# +. 0+$%" /#. ,)$.)*)/%./)% /+02+"%0
4#" ,+ *>3")/%J (.2#".#J +,#J %,#/)%/)#.(,J ,)$.)*)/%'#,J "($),2"#,J ,)2)#,
"(0%/)#.%'#, 1 #39
(2#, "(0%/)#.%'#,
,2# ,)$.)*)/% ;+( ,( '(3( %40)/%"
4"#/(')&)(.2#, ;+( /+)'(. (0 ,)2)#J )./0+1(.'# ,+, '),4#,)2)6#,J /#.2(.)'#, 1
#39
(2#,
( /#.,)'("%"0# /#.6(.)(.2( ,( &)2)$%"> (0 ,)2)#J ).6(,2)$>.'#0#
/#&40(2%&(.2(J "(,4(2%.'# (0 +,# '( 0%, O02)&%, 2=/.)/%, 1 &=2#'#,J
#42)&)5%.'# %,70#, "(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#, ( '(3( "(,%02%" ;+( 0% 4+(,2% (.
6%0#" '( 0#, ,)2)#, ,(0(//)#.%'#, 1L# (,2+')%'#, ,("> 0#$"%'% %0 %40)/%" 6%")%,
&(')'%, /#&40(&(.2%")%, "(/#&(.'%'%, (. (0 4"(,(.2(
XI.5.4.3

#%

%, &(')'%, '( 4"#2(//)-. '(0 4%2")&#.)# %";+(#0-$)/# ,#.?


0 (;+)4# '(3( (,2%" /#.*#"&%'# 4#" 4"#*(,)#.%0(, 2)2+0%'#, (.
";+(#0#$7% 0 M0%N ')"(/2#" M%N '(0 (;+)4# '(3( 2(.(" # ,(" /%.')'%2# %
+. 272+0# '( /+%"2# .)6(0 (. 0% "%&% /+02+"%0J /#. &>, '(
%P#, '(
(B4(")(./)% (. 0% ')"(//)-. '( (;+)4#, '( "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/#
.2(, '( ).)/)%" /+%0;+)(" .+(6% *%,( '( '(,%""#00# # (B4%.,)-. '(0
,("6)/)# (, 4")&#"')%0 <%3(" "(%0)5%'# (0 ')%$.-,2)/#J 0% (6%0+%/)-.J
4"#,4(//)-. 1 ,%06%2%9
( M'( ,(" .(/(,%")#NJ '( 0#, "(/+",#,
%";+(#0-$)/#, (,4(/7*)/#, '( 0% 5#.% % ,(" 2"%3%9
%'%
, )&4#"2%.2( '+"%.2( +.% .+(6% *%,( '( '(,%""#00# # (B4%.,)-. '(
/#.2%" /#. +. "(,4#.,%30( '(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0 M&#.)2#"NJ %
&%.("% '( ;+( (.*"(.2( 0#, )&4"(6),2#,
0 &#&(.2# '( 4"#4#.(",( (0 '(,%""#00# '( +.% .+(6% (,2"+/2+"% ,(
'(3("> "(%0)5%" 4"(6)# % 0% ).2("6(./)-. +.% 4"#,4(//)-. %";+(#0-$)/%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

!8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

;+( /#.,)'("( 2#'#, 0#, /")2(")#, &7.)&#, % ,(" 40%.2(%'#, (3(">


2(.(",( (,4(/)%0 /+)'%'# %0 &#&(.2# '( "(%0)5%" 0% 0)&4)(5% '( >"(%,
4%"% %0&%/(.%9
( # 0% ).,2%0%/)-. 1 2"%,0%'# '( .+(6#, (;+)4#,
,
4"#3%30( ;+( ,( )'(.2)*);+(. "(/+",#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
(.'"> ;+(
).*#"&%",( '( &%.("% ).&(')%2% %0 "(,4#.,%30( '(0 /#&4#.(.2(
/+02+"%0 ;+( ,( (./+(.2"( (. 0% 5#.%
0 '(4%"2%&(.2# '( 4(",#.%0 '(3( ).*#"&%" % 0#, 4%"2)/)4%.2(,J 2%.2#
#3"("#, /#&# 2=/.)/#, # (,4(/)%0),2%,J ;+( 2)(.(. 0% "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'
%.2( (0 4"#1(/2# '( ).*#"&%" ,#3"( 0% (B),2(./)% # 0% 4"#3%3)0)'%' '( 0%
(B),2(./)% ,)2)#,Q %'(&>, 2)(.(. 0% "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '( ;+( 0#, "(/+",#,
1% )'(.2)*)/%'#, # ;+( ,( )'(.2)*)/%"(. '+"%.2( (0 '(,%""#00# '(0
4"#1(/2# ,(%. /#""(/2%&(.2( 2"%2%'#, 0 6)'(# 4"#4+(,2# '(3( ,("
4"#1(/2%'# 1 6),2# 4#" 2#'#, 0#, 4%"2)/)4%.2(, (. (0 4"#1(/2#
.2(, '( ).$"(,%" &%;+).%")% (0 (;+)4# '( %";+(-0#$#, # "(,4#.,%30(
'(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0 '(3( <%3(" ,(P%0)5%'# &(')%.2( (0 +,# '(
/).2%, # &%"/%, '( 4).2+"% (0 >"(% '(0 ,)2)# # >"(% %";+(#0-$)/%
0 4(",#.%0 ;+( .# 4%"2)/)4% (. 0#, 4"#1(/2#, %";+(#0-$)/#, '(3( (6)2%"
(0 ).$"(,# % 0%, >"(%, %";+(#0-$)/%, %.2(,J '+"%.2( 1 4#,2(")#" % 0%
).2("6(./)-. (. 0% &),&%
( <%/("0# ,( .(/(,)2%"> 4("&),# (,/")2# '(0
)"(/2#" M%N '(0 4"#1(/2#
).$O. &)(&3"# '( 4(",#.%0 4+('( ,+,2"%(" #39
(2# # (0(&(.2# %0$+.#
'( 0% 5#.%J (,2# )./0+1( &%2(")%0(, 2%.2# '( 4)('"% /#&# '( %"/)00%
M/(">&)/%J 3%""#J 6%,)9
%,N
. /%,# '( <%/("0# 1 ,(" '(,/+3)("2# 4+('(
,(" 4(.%'# &(')%.2( 0% %40)/%/)-. '( 0% (1 '( %2")&#.)# +02+"%0
0 4(",#.%0J (. (,4(/)%0 0#, 4"#*(,)#.%0(, "(,4#.,%30(, '( /+%'")00%,J
'(3(. ).'+/)" % ,+, /#&4%P("#, # ,+3%02(".#, % "(,4(2%" (,2%,
&(')'%,
) ,( (./+(.2"% %//)'(.2%0&(.2( +. &%2(")%0 1L# #39
(2# ;+( 00%&( 0%
%2(./)-.J /+%0;+)(" 4(",#.%0 ;+( 2"%3%9
( (. 0% #3"% (,2> (. 0% #30)$%/)-.
'( "(4#"2%" %0 "(,4#.,%30( '( /%&4#J &#.)2#" 1L# )"(/2#" M%N '(
4"#1(/2# %";+(#0-$)/# ;+( ,( (./+(.2"% (. 0% 5#.%
0 4(",#.%0 ;+( 2"%3%9
( (. 0% #3"% (,2> 00%&%'# % /#0%3#"%" /#. 0%
/#&+.)'%' # /#. (0 (;+)4# '( %";+(-0#$#, '( ,+/('(",( +.% ,)2+%/)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

!!

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

)&4"(6),2% ;+( (,2= "(0%/)#.%'% /#. 0% ,%06%$+%"'% '( 0#, 3)(.(,


4%2")&#.)%0(,
. /%,# '( (./#.2"%" %0$+.% (6)'(./)% ;+( ,( 4)(.,( ,(% %";+(#0-$)/%
,( '(3("> '(2(.(" 0% %/2)6)'%' ;+( ,( (,2> '(,%""#00%.'#
0 4(",#.%0
(,4(/)%0)5%'# '(3("> "(%0)5%" +. "(/#.#/)&)(.2# ).&(')%2# 1 (. /%,#
'( /#.,)'("%"0# '( 4"#/('("> /#. (0 2"%3%9
# '( ,%06%&(.2# (3)'# %
(,2%, 4#,)30(, ,)2+%/)#.(, (, )&4#"2%.2( 0% 4"(,(./)% 4("&%.(.2( '( +.
&#.)2#" %";+(-0#$# (. (0 /%&4# '+"%.2( (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0% #3"%,
) 0#, ,)2)#, ,#. '(/0%"%'#, 4#" (0 (,4(/)%0),2% /#&# +. 0+$%" '(
(,4(/)%0 ,)$.)*)/%'# /+02+"%0 '(3("> 4"(,("6%",( 1 4#" 2%0 &#2)6#J 0%
#3"% '(3("> /#.,)'("%" 0% %02("%/)-. '( "+2%,J "(+3)/%/)-. # +,# '(
,),2(&%, '( /#.,2"+//)-. ;+( 4"#4(.'%. % 0% 4"(,("6%/)-. '( +.% $"%.
4#"/)-. '(0 ,)2)# %";+(#0-$)/#
( (./#.2"%",( (.2(""%&)(.2#, (. 0#, ,)2)#, &)2)$%'#, =,2#, '(3(">.
,(" (.2(""%'#, .+(6%&(.2( (. 5#.%, ,($+"%, . +. >"(% ;+( ,(">
,(0(//)#.%'% 4#" 0% /#&+.)'%' %*(/2%'%
% /#&+.)'%' '( 0% 5#.% %*(/2%'% 2(.'"> +.% %/2)2+' 4%"2)/)4%.2( (.
2#'%, 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, "(/#&(.'%'%, 4#" (0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0J
'(3)'# % (00# (, )&4#"2%.2(J ;+( 0% 4#30%/)-. 6),)2%.2( # "(,)'(.2(
(6(.2+%0 ,(% "(,4(2%'%J %0 )$+%0 ;+( ,+, 6%0#"(, 1 /"((./)%,
#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0#, (,2+')#, "(%0)5%'#, '(3(">. ,(" '%'#, % /#.#/("
% 0% /#&+.)'%' "(,)'(.2(
.*#"&%" %.2( +. <%00%5$# )&4"(6),2# '( +. ,)2)# %";+(#0-$)/# '(
&%.("% ).&(')%2% %0 &#.)2#" '(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0 1 %/2)6%" (0 40%.
'( /#.2).$(./)% '( %,7"(;+(")",(
(%0)5%" 0% 0)&4)(5% '(0 >"(% 4%"% %0&%/(.%9
(J '#.'( (, 4"#3%30( ;+(
,( )'(.2)*);+(. "(/+",#, %";+(#0-$)/#,J /#. (,4(/)%0 /+)'%'#
),4#.(" '( 0% 4"(,(./)% '(0 &#.)2#" '(0 /#&4#.(.2( /+02+"%0 1
%/2)6%" (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% '( %,7"(;+(")",(
.*#"&%" % 2"%6=, '(0 '(4%"2%&(.2# '( 4(",#.%0 1 0#, 9
(*(, '( *"(.2( %0
4(",#.%0 M/#.2"%2),2% # ,+3/#.2"%2),2%N '( 0% (B),2(./)% '( ,)2)#, 1 '( 0%
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%' ;+( 2)(.(. (. ;+( ,(%. /#""(/2%&(.2( 2"%2%'#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(P%0)5%"J 4#" 4%"2( '(0 (;+)4# '( %";+(-0#$#,J &(')%.2( (0 +,# '(
/).2%, %'(/+%'%, (0 >"(% '(0 ,)2)# %";+(#0-$)/#
"#<)3)" (0 ).$"(,# '(0 4(",#.%0 .# 4%"2)/)4%.2( (. 0#, 4"#1(/2#,
%";+(#0-$)/#, %0 >"(% '( ).6(,2)$%/)-.
( ,(" .(/(,%")# 4%"% (0
).$"(,#J (0 ("(.2( '( 0% 3"% 1 (0 )"(/2#" '(0 "#1(/2# (B4(')">. +.
,%06#/#.'+/2#
"#<)3)" 0% 2#&% + %4"#4)%/)-. '( #39
(2#, # (0(&(.2#, '(0 4%2")&#.)#
/+02+"%0J 4#" 4%"2( '(0 4(",#.%0 '(0 "#1(/2#J )./0+,# %.2( +. <%00%5$#
).(,4("%'#J (,2# )./0+1( &%2(")%0(, /#&# 4)('"%, # %"/)00% % *%02% '(
/+&40)&)(.2# '( 0% 4"(,(.2( '),4#,)/)-. )&40)/%"> 0% /%./(0%/)-. '(0
4(",#.%0 ).6#0+/"%'#J ).'(4(.')(.2( '( 0%, ,%./)#.(, (,2%30(/)'%, (.
0% (1 '( %2")&#.)# +02+"%0
(&%.'%" '( 0#, /#&4%P("#, # ,+3%02(".#, (0 "(,4(2# '( 0%, &(')'%,
1 4"#/(')&)(.2#, (,2%30(/)'#, (. /+%.2# 4"(,("6%/)-. '(0 4%2")&#.)#
/+02+"%0
(4#"2%" %0 9
(*( '(0 *"(.2( '( #3"% 1 %0 &#.)2#" '(0 /#&4#.(.2(
/+02+"%0 1 %/2)6%" (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% '( ,(" .(/(,%")# '( (./#.2"%"
%//)'(.2%0&(.2( +. &%2(")%0 1L# #39
(2# ;+( 00%&( 0% %2(./)-. 0
4(",#.%0 (,4(/)%0)5%'# '(3("> "(%0)5%" +. "(/#.#/)&)(.2# ).&(')%2# 1
(. /%,# '( /#.,)'("%"0# ,( 4"#/('("> '( %/+("'# % 0# (,2%30(/)'# (. (0
"#1(/2# I (,/%2( '(0 %2")&#.)# ";+(#0-$)/# '( 0% +(./% '(0 7#
%3%? 5#.% '( 4"(,% 1 (&3%0,(G
#0%3#"%" /#. 0% /#&+.)'%' # /#. (0 (;+)4# '( %";+(-0#$#, (. +.%
,)2+%/)-. )&4"(6),2% ;+( (,2= "(0%/)#.%'% /#. 0% ,%06%$+%"'% '( 0#,
3)(.(, 4%2")&#.)%0(, 0 4(",#.%0 '( 0% /#.2"%2),2% 1 ,+3/#.2"%2),2%,
'(3("> (,2%" ).*#"&%'# '( 0% #30)$%2#")('%' '( (,2% /#0%3#"%/)-.
"(,("6%" 0#, ,)2)#, ;+( ,(%. '(/0%"%'#, 4#" (0 (,4(/)%0),2% /#&# +.
0+$%" '( (,4(/)%0 ,)$.)*)/%./)% /+02+"%0 . (,2%, ,)2+%/)#.(,J (0 ("(.2(
'( 0% 3"% 1 )"(/2#" '(0 "#1(/2# '(3(">. /#.,)'("%" 0% %02("%/)-. '(
"+2%,J +3)/%/)-. '( /%&4%&(.2#, # 5#.%, '( 4"=,2%&#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.4.4

"

%, &(')'%, "(/#&(.'%'%, (,2>. #")(.2%'%, % /#&4(.,%" # &)2)$%" 0%


4="')'% # %02("%/)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,
0 '(,%""#00# '( /%&4%P%, (./%&).%'%, % '),&).+)" (0 )&4%/2# '( 0% #3"% (.
0% ,#/)('%' 1 ,+, 6%0#"(, /+02+"%0(, /#&4"(.'( %/2)6)'%'(, 2%0(, /#&#?
/<%"0%, ')6+0$%2)6%,J /%"2)00%, (,/#0%"(, 1 0% (B4#,)/)-. )2).("%.2( '( 0#, 3)(.(,
"(,/%2%'#, #" #2"# 0%'# ,( ,+$)("( 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( +. 6)'(# /+1% *).%0)'%'
,(% ).'+/)" (0 "(,4(2# '( 0#, 6%0#"(, '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, 0#/%0(, 4#" 4%"2( '( 0#,
#3"("#, 1 '(&>, 4(",#.%0 ;+( 4#" "%5#.(, '(0 4"#1(/2# ,( &#6)0)/(. % 0%
5#.% ,2%, %//)#.(, '(3(. ).)/)%",( (. /#.9
+.2# /#. (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0% #3"%
. 0# "(*("(.2( % 0% %"2(,%.7%J 0% %";+)2(/2+"% 6(".>/+0% 1 0%, /#,2+&3"(, ,(
4"#4#.( 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( +. 4"#1(/2# #")(.2%'# % +. "($),2"# '( (00#,
,2(
4+('( (&4(5%" /#. (0 ).)/)# '(0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( # /("/%.# % 0%
/+0&).%/)-. '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
3
"#1(/2# I 4"(.')(.'# '(0 %,%'#G
<%"0%, ')6+0$%2)6%,
0%3#"%/)-. 1 '),2")3+/)-. '( /%"2)00%, (,/#0%"(,
B4#,)/)-. )2).("%.2(
3 & 4 ?
"#4#"/)#.%" % 0% 4#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.% '( +. /#.#/)&)(.2#
%'(/+%'# '( ,+, 6%0#"(, /+02+"%0(,
#.(" (. 6%0#" 0#, ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#, /).,("6%'#, 4#" (0
),&).+)" 0#, .)6(0(, '( '(,).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 0% ");+(5%
/+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.%
.*#"&%( %0 4(",#.%0 '(0 4#2(./)%0 %";+(#0-$)/# '( 0% 5#.% 1 ,+
)&4#"2%./)%
%

?
:#"2%0(/(" 0% )'(.2)'%' '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.%
?
-'+0#, ('+/%2)6#,
0%3#"%/)-. 1 '),2")3+/)-. '( /%"2)00%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

6)'(# ).*#"&%2)6# &).+2#,


).2("6(./)#.(, (. 0% 4"#$"%&%/)-. '( 0%
0#/%0
B4#,)/)-. 4("&%.(.2( (. (0 /(.2"# '( ).*#"&%/)-. '( +(.% :=
4
?
. ,(), &(,(, (0
T '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.% 4#'"> <%3("
4%"2)/)4%'# 4#" 0# &(.#, (. +.% '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, 4"#4+(,2%, (. (0
4"#1(/2#
& 4?
A%3)2%.2(, '( 0% 5#.% ,). '),2)./)-. '( ,(B# # ('%'
#, (,2+')%.2(, '( 4"#$"%&%, '( ('+/%/)-. *#"&%0 M3>,)/%J
&(')% 1 ,+4(")#"N
&40(%'#, '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%
@
#, &-'+0#, ('+/%2)6#, 1 0%, /%"2)00%, (,2>. ')")$)'#, (,4(/)%0&(.2(
% (,2+')%.2(, "($),2"%'#, (. 4"#$"%&%, '( ('+/%/)-. *#"&%0
0
6)'(#J 0%, ).2("6(./)#.(, 1 0% (B4#,)/)-. 4("&%.(.2( (,2>. ')")$)'#,
% 0#, 6),)2%.2(, '( 0% 5#.% 1 % 0#, <%3)2%.2(,
% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. (. (,2% %/2)6)'%' '(3( ,(" +. "(;+),)2# #30)$%2#")#
4%"% 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, 1 4"#*(,)#.%0(, ;+( 4%"2)/)4(. (. 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%
$

4
@
+"%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# '( /%"2)00%,? 2"(, &(,(, (3( (9
(/+2%",( '(
&%.("% ).&(')%2%
+"%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# '( (B4#,)/)-.?
&(,(, % 4%"2)" '( ;+(
*).%0)/( (0 4"#$"%&% '( &)2)$%/)-. %";+(#0-$)/%
(3( (9
(/+2%",(
%.2(, '(0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '( 0% "(4"(,%
%"% .+(6%, *%,(, '( '(,%""#00# '(3( ,(" 4"(,+4+(,2%'#
(,4(/7*)/%&(.2(

"
@
0 4"(,+4+(,2# %;+7 /#.2(&40%'# )./0+1( 0%, /%"2)00%, 1 0% (B4#,)/)-.
4("&%.(.2( (. (0 (&3%0,( U!
J## M,)(2( &)0 ;+).)(.2#, '-0%"(,N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3
"#1(/2# I %0#"%/)-. '(0 %2")&#.)#G
(3( ,(" "(%0)5%'# '( &%.("% ).&(')%2% 1 *#"&%"> 4%"2( '( 2#'#, 0#, /+",#,
'( ).'+//)-. ;+( ,( "(%0)/(. % *+2+"# 2%.2# (. #*)/).%, /#&# (. 4"#1(/2#, '(
'(,%""#00# 1 ,( (./#.2"%"> /#.,2)2+)'# 4#"?
0%3#"%/)-. '( 6)'(# '( &).+2#,
"#1(//)-. '( 6)'(#
),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#, ).'+/2)6#,
3 & 4 ?
"#4#"/)#.%" % 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, ')"(/2% #
).')"(/2%&(.2( (. (0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
+.
/#.#/)&)(.2# %'(/+%'# '( 0#, 6%0#"(, /+02+"%0(,
./+0/%" % 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, ')"(/2%&(.2( #
).')"(/2%&(.2( (. ')6(",%, *%,(, '( '(,%""#00# '( 0% #3"% ,#3"(
0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, % ,($+)" (. (0 /%,# '( "(4#"2%" <%00%5$#,
%";+(#0-$)/#, M 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%N
./+0/%" % 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, ')"(/2% #
).')"(/2%&(.2( (. (0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
(0 "(,4(2#
4#" 0#, 6%0#"(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
.*#"&%" 1 "(0%/)#.%",( /#. 0% (,2"+/2+"% ).,2)2+/)#.%0 0#/%0J
"($)#.%0 # .%/)#.%0 "(0%/)#.%'% /#. 0#, 3)(.(,
#$"%" ;+( 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, '( 0% #3"% /#&4"(.'%. 1 "(,4(2(.
0% /+02+"% '( 0% 5#.%
%

?
0 4"#1(/2# ,( '(,%""#00%"> '(.2"# '( +. &%"/# /#&+.)2%")#
%.)*(,2%.'# "(,4(2# 4#" 0% 4#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.% 1 ,+ 3%$%9
(
/+02+"%0
4
?
#'#, 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, 2(.'">. %//(,# % ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 0#,
4"#/(')&)(.2#, % ,($+)" (. /%,# '( <%00%5$#, %";+(#0-$)/#, '+"%.2(
(0 4")&(" &(, /#&(.5%" ,+ "(0%/)-. %0 4"#1(/2#
+"%.2( (0
'(,%""#00# '(0 4"#1(/2#J .# &(.#, '(0
T '( 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(,
&%.)*(,2%"> "(,4(2# 4#" 0% ");+(5% /+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.% 1 ,%3">

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

4"#/('(" %'(/+%'%&(.2(
%";+(#0-$)/#,

(. (0 /%,#

'(

"(4#"2%"

<%00%5$#,

& 4?
#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, /#.2"%2%'#, 1 ,+3/#.2"%2%'#,J 4(",#.%, ;+( 2)(.(
"(0%/)-. 0%3#"%0 ')"(/2% # ).')"(/2%&(.2( "(0%/)#.%'% /#. (0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
$

4
@
+"%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#? (0 6)'(# '(3("> 2("&).%",( (.
'7%,J /#&#
&>B)&#
% 4"#1(//)-. '(3("> ,(" "(%0)5%'% <%,2% (0 &(,
'(0
'(,%""#00# '( 0% &),&%
"
@
U
J## M'#, &)0 '-0%"(, %&(")/%.#,N
% 4"#1(//)-. '(0 6)'(# 1 '),2")3+/)-. '(0 2"742)/# ;+('% 3%9
#
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '(0 /#.,#"/)# /#.,2"+/2#"
XI.5.4.5

"

0 0%. '(

(')'%, '(

"

)2)$%/)-. ,( (./#.2"%"> #")(.2%'# %?

%N
3N

).)&)5%" # 0)&)2%" 0% &%$.)2+' '(0 >"(% '( ).2("6(./)-.


6)2%" 0% ).2("6(./)-.J 4"#4#.)(.'# "('),(P#, (. /%,# '( ,(" .(/(,%")#
M,)2)#, )&4#"2%.2(, 4#" ,+ 2%&%P# # 4#" ,+ 2"%,/(.'(./)%N
/N (&(')%/)-. # "(<%3)0)2%/)-. '( 3)(.(, <),2-")/#, %*(/2%'#,?
%
#/+&(.2%" (')*7/)#, # (,2"+/2+"%, %.2)$+%, % ,(" %*(/2%'%,
3
(0#/%0)5%/)-. # "(+3)/%/)-. '( 3)(.(, <),2-")/#, %*(/2%'#,
'N (/+4("%/)-. 1 %.>0),), '( 0%, (6)'(./)%, "(/+4("%'%, '( 0#, ,)2)#,
"(,/%2%'#,
3 & 4 ?
%4(# '(2%00%'# '( 0#, ,)2)#, /+02+"%0(, %";+(#0-$)/#,
)'(.2)*)/%'#,
9
(/+2%" "(/#.#/)&)(.2#, 4('(,2"(, (. 0%, 5#.%, '( 4"=,2%&#
M/%.2("%,N 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%
(%0)5%" "(/#.#/)&)(.2#, (B/0+,)6#, /#.2"#0%'#, (. 0% 5#.% '(0
(&3%0,(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

B/%6%" 0#, ,)2)#, "($),2"%'#, ;+( 4("2(.(/(. % 0%, /0%,(,


1
J
+3)/%'#, (. 0%, 5#.%, &+(,2"(%'%, '( 0%, >"(%, ).')/%'%,
%.2(")#"&(.2(
#.)2#"(# 4("&%.(.2( 1 (B/%6%/)#.(, '( ,%06%2%9
(J /#&# &(')'%
'( &)2)$%/)-. (. 0#, 2"%&#, % /#.,2"+)",(J (,4(/)%0&(.2( (. (0 /%,#
'( 0#, ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
8
"(4%"%/)-. '( ).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(, "($),2"%'#, 1L# "(/+4("%'#,
!
.>0),), ).2($"%0 '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, "(/+4("%'#, (. 0%, (B/%6%/)#.(,
"(%0)5%'%,
%

% ");+(5% /+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.% ,("> 4+(,2% (. 6%0#" % )&%$(. '(0 /#.,#"/)#
/#.,2"+/2#" ,("> %4"(/)%'% % 4%"2)" '( ,+ %4#1# % 0% 4"#2(//)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(,
4

( /#.#/("> 1 "(,/%2%"> .# &(.#, '(0 T '( 0% ");+(5% %";+(#0-$)/% '( 0%


5#.% ( &)2)$%"> +. T '( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, %*(/2%'#,
& 4@
#30%/)-. $(.("%0 '( 0% 5#.%
$

+"%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#? 8 &(,(, :%,( '( /%&4#? &(,(,J 8 &(,(, <%,2% 0%
(.2"($% '( 0#, ).*#"&(, *).%0(, % ).*#"&%/)-. '( 0#, ).*#"&(, *).%0(, ,("6)">
'( 3%,( % 0% (B4#,)/)-. 1 4+.2# &+02)&(')%0 ;+( ,( (./#.2"%">. (. (0 2("&).%0
'( 4%,%9
("#,
?

"

'-0%"(, %&(")/%.#, M/)(.2# 6().2( &)0N


XI.5.4.5.1

(3( ,(" (9
(/+2%'# 0+($# '( 2("&).%" (0 4"#1(/2# '( &)2)$%/)-.
0 +.2#
.*#"&%2)6# ,( (./#.2"%"> '(.2"# '(0 (.2"# '( .*#"&%/)-. ;+( (0 4"#1(/2#
2(.'"> (. (0 (&3%0,(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%N
3N

+(,2% (. 6%0#" '( 0#, 3)(.(, ).6(.2%")%'#,


)6+0$%/)-. '( "(,+02%'#, 1 "(/#.,2"+//)-.
%/#.2(/)&)(.2#, 1 0+$%"(,
3 & 4 ?

'(

(6(.2#,J

#.(" (. 6%0#" 1 ')6+0$%" 0% ");+(5% %";+(#0-$)/% '( 0% 5#.% '( +(.%


:=
),(P%" 1 '(,%""#00%" +. 4+.2# &+02)&(')%0
)6+0$%" (0 %4#1# '(0 /#.,#"/)# /#.,2"+/2#" '(0
"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% %0 *#&(.2# 1 4"#2(//)-. '( 0% /+02+"% '( 0% 5#.%
%

% ");+(5% /+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.% ,("> 4+(,2% (. 6%0#"J &(')%.2( 0% ')*+,)-. '(
,+ (B),2(./)%
4

#, 6),)2%.2(, % 0% 5#.% 4#'">. /#.#/(" &(9


#" 0% ");+(5% /+02+"%0J
)./"(&(.2>.'#,( (0 ).2("=, 4#" 0% 5#.% 8T %.+%0J (. 0#, 2"(, 4")&("#, %P#, '(
*+./)#.%&)(.2# '(0 (&3%0,(
& 4@
#30%/)-. 6),)2%.2(
"
U

M2"(, &)0 '-0%"(,N

0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# /#""( 4#" /+(.2% '(0 %'&).),2"%'#" '(0


.2("4"(2%/)-.
XI.5.4.5.2

N#
&I

(.2"# '(
.2

(3( ,(" (9
(/+2%'# %.2(, '( 2("&).%" (0 4"#$"%&% '( &)2)$%/)-.
,2( (, +.
4"#1(/2# '( /#&4(.,%/)-. ;+( (,2> #")(.2%'# % )'(.2)*)/%" 1 "($),2"%"
(0(&(.2#, '( 0% /+02+"% 6)6% 1 ,+ &(&#")% % /+02+"% 6)6% ,( 6("> %*(/2%'%
/#. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J (0 2"%,0%'# '( 0% 4#30%/)-. 1 0% 00($%'%
'( .+(6#, (0(&(.2#, /+02+"%0(,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 4"#1(/2# /#.,),2)"> (. "(%0)5%" (,2+')#, '( /%,#, '( '(,40%5%&)(.2# '(,'(


1 <%/)% 0% 5#.% '( 0% /+(./% '(0 "7# %3% K F+(6('# E,2%, <%. ,)'#
2"%,/(.'(.2%0(, 4%"% (B40)/%" 0% %/2+%0 /#&4#,)/)-. 4#30%/)#.%0 1 /+02+"% '(
0% 5#.%J 4 ( 0#, &%.%3)2%,J 0#, /<).#, 1 0#, %*"#(/+%2#")%.#, ,2( 4"#1(/2#
(,2> #")(.2%'# % /#.2")3+)" /#. 0% /#""(/2% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0#, .+(6#,
%,(.2%&)(.2#,
3 & 4 ?
#.(" (. 6%0#" 1 ')6+0$%" 0% ");+(5% '( 0% /+02+"% 6)6% '( 0% 5#.% '(
+(.% :=
(/#.,2"+)" <),2#")%, *%&)0)%"(, #")(.2%'%, % "(*0(9
%" 0% &(&#")% '(0
4#30%&)(.2# '( 0% 5#.%
0%3#"%" 6)'(#, ,#3"( <),2#")%, *%&)0)%"(, "(0%/)#.%'%, % 0% &(&#")%
'(0 4#30%&)(.2#J 4 ( &%.%3)2%,J /<).#, 1 %*"#(/+%2#")%.#,
)6+0$%" (0 %4#1# '(0 /#.,#"/)# /#.,2"+/2#" '(0
"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% %0 *#&(.2# 1 4"#2(//)-. '( 0% /+02+"% '( 0% 5#.%
%

% ");+(5% '( 0% /+02+"% 6)6% '( 0% 5#.% ,("> 4+(,2% (. 6%0#"J &(')%.2( 0%
')*+,)-. '( ,+ (B),2(./)%
4

#, 6),)2%.2(, % 0% 5#.% 4#'">. /#.#/(" &(9


#" 0% ");+(5% /+02+"%0J
)./"(&(.2>.'#,( (0 ).2("=, 4#" 0% 5#.% 8T %.+%0J (. 0#, 2"(, 4")&("#, %P#, '(
*+./)#.%&)(.2# '(0 (&3%0,(
& 4?
#30%/)-. 6),)2%.2(

"
?
M#/<# &)0 '-0%"(,N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

))&))
-

! # .

%&).#, '( %//(,#

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2#
%";+(#0-$)/#

%&4%&(.2#,

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2#
%";+(#0-$)/#

.6(,2)$%/)-.
#,)30( %02("%/)-. '(
/#&40(&(.2%")% 1 '),(P#,
3)(.(, %";+(#0-$)/#,
'( %9
+,2(

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

(,67# '( 7# :%,(

2%$+7% 0#.$)2+').%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

!*

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-. 1
/#.2).$(./)%
"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-. 1
/#.2).$(./)%

,7("%. .+(,2"#,
%.2(4%,%'#, 1
(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#
,7("%. .+(,2"#,
%.2(4%,%'#, 1
(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

"#$"%&% '(
).'+//)-.

,7("%. .+(,2"#,
%.2(4%,%'#,

['),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#,


).*#"&%2)6#,

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

['),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#,


).*#"&%2)6#, [4"#,4(//)-.
,),2(&>2)/% 1 ,%06%2%9
( '(
5#.%, )'(.2)*)/%'%,

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

['),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#,


).*#"&%2)6#, [4"#,4(//)-.
,),2(&>2)/% 1 ,%06%2%9
( '(
5#.%, )'(.2)*)/%'%,
['),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#,
).*#"&%2)6#, [4"#,4(//)-.
,),2(&>2)/% 1 ,%06%2%9
( '(
5#.%, )'(.2)*)/%'%,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

O.(0

O.(0

(,67# '( 7# :%,(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#, (. 0%,
5#.%, '( 4"=,2%&#

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( '( 0%, 5#.%,
'( 4"=,2%&#

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

!*

[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

2%$+7% '(*).)2)6%

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

(""%40=. ")./)4%0

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

2%$+7% '( /)(""( ).)/)%0 1


*).%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!*

).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#


"(/+4("%'#,
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

"%2%&)(.2# '(
/)&(.2%/)-. ] 2%4%

(""%40=. ] 2%4%

%.2# )&4("&(%30(
(,2")3# )5;+)("'#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!1

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#
0

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

"#$"%&% '(
).*#"&%/)-.

,7("%. .+(,2"#,
%.2(4%,%'#,

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

!*

,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[/<%"0%, ')6+0$%2)6%, 1
'),2")3+/)-. '( /%"2)00%,
(,/#0%"(,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

"%2%&)(.2# '(
/)&(.2%/)-. ] 2%4%

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

(""%40=. ] 2%4%

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

%.2# )&4("&(%30(
(,2")3# '("(/<#

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!*

[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,


/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

!*

'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"


'( 0% 5#.%

:
#5# '( /#&4+("2%,

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

;+)4#,

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

B/%6%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(
(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

[/<%"0%, ')6+0$%2)6%, 1
'),2")3+/)-. '( /%"2)00%,
(,/#0%"(,

"#$"%&% '(
).*#"&%/)-.

,7("%. .+(,2"#,
%.2(4%,%'#,

[(B4#,)/)-. )2).("%.2(

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,


/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/#J
).'+//)-.
"#$"%&% '(
&)2)$%/)-.

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
['),2")3+/)-. '( 2"742)/#,
%";+(#0-$)/# 1
).*#"&%2)6#,
+(,2"#
4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
(,/%2( '(0
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0 [&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

)&(.2%/)-. '( 4("*)0 '(


%0)6)%'("#

A#"&)$-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!1

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

#
%02("%",(

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

!*

3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%


<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

#&4+("2%,

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

(/#.#/)&)(.2#

"#$"%&% '(
).'+//)-. 1
/#.2).$(./)%

+(,2"#
[4"#1(//)-. '( 6)'(#
4%2")&#.)# /+02+"%0

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(# 1
/#.2).$(./)%

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

O.(0 '( (.0%/( /#. 2O.(0


\

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(# 1
/#.2).$(./)%

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

M8

!*

[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,


/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

#/%2#&%

*;; ?
$#,2#

[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,


/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

/ !/.
. 6

;+)4#,

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(#

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

%4-. '( /)(""( '(0 2O.(0


\

"(,(./)% '( &#.)2#"

"#$"%&% '(
&#.)2#"(# 1
/#.2).$(./)%

)$)0%.2(,
/+02+"%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!*

'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,


,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%
[*#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(,
/+02+"%0(, 1 4"(,(./)% '(
&#.)2#" $"%'+%'# (.
%";+(#0#$7% (. 0#, *"(.2(,
'( 2"%3%9
# [6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2#
'( 0% ("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#,
,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 (.2#".# 1
'(,'( 0% /(.2"%0 <%/)% (0 ,+"
'( 0% 5#.%

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
#
!*

%"$(.
)5;+)("'%

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8

!1

))&))
-

! # .

!. #
. 1. #

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
"(00(.%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/# (
).'+//)-.

02("%/)-. '( 3)(.(,


%";+(#0-$)/#,

(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1
,%06%2%9
( M)./0+)'# (0
%.>0),), '(0 &%2(")%0N
'( 0%, 5#.%, %
%02("%",(

"#$"%&%, '(
"(,/%2(
%";+(#0-$)/# (
).'+//)-.

/ !/.
. 6

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

(,/%2( '(0
4%2")&#.)#
%";+(#0-$)/#

!*

[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[&%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, [')%$.-,2)/# '(
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, '( 0% 5#.%
<%/)% (0 ,+" '( 0% 4"(,%
[).6(.2%")# '( 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, "($),2"%'#, 1L#
"(/+4("%'#,
[4"#,4(//)#.(, ,),2(&>2)/%,
1 (B/%6%/)#.(, "($+0%"(,
[(6%0+%" (0 (*(/2# '( 0%
("#,)-. ,#3"( 0#, ,)2)#, '(0
(.2#".# [4"#2(//)-. '(
,)2)#, (. /%,# '( ,(" '( $"%.
)&4#"2%./)% 4%2")&#.)%0

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %4%4

XI.5.5.1

-3

+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J (0 2"%2%&)(.2# #2#"$%'# %0 &%2(")%0


6($(2%0 "(2)"%'# '(3("> "(,4(2%" 0% 9
("%";+7% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# '( "(,)'+#,?
"('+/)"J "(+,%" 1 "(/)/0%"
% "('+//)-. '( 0% /%.2)'%' '( &%2(")%0 6($(2%0 "(2)"%'#J 4%"% (,2( /%,# (.
4%"2)/+0%"J .# (, %4"#4)%'% '(3)'# % ;+( (0 #39
(2)6# '(0 '(,3"#/( '(0 >"(% '(0
*+2+"# (&3%0,( (, (6)2%" 0% '(,/#&4#,)/)-. (. (0 ,)2)# '( 0% 6($(2%/)-.
).+.'%'%
#" (,2% "%5-. (0 '(,3"#/(J '(*#"(,2%/)-. 1 "(&#/)-. '( &%2(")%
6($(2%0 ,("> &%B)&)5%'% 4%"% 4"(,("6%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(
<%/)(.'# ).6)%30( 0% "('+//)-.
% O.)/% "('+//)-. 4#,)30( '(0 6#0+&(. '(
&%2(")% 6($(2%0 (,2%"7% 0)$%'% % 0% '),&).+/)-. '( 0% (B2(.,)-. '(0 6%,# '( 0%
4"(,% # (&3%0,(
.2"( 0%, #4/)#.(, '( "(+,# ,( 4"#4#.( 0% +2)0)5%/)-. '( 0% &%'("% 1 '( 0%
&%2(")% 6($(2%0J 1 (.2"( 0%, #4/)#.(, '( "(/)/0%9
( 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( /%"3-.
6($(2%0 1 (0 /#&4#,2%9
( '( &%2(")% 6($(2%0
XI.5.5.1.1

#.,)'("%.'# (0 )&4%/2# .($%2)6# ;+( 4+('( (9


("/(" ,#3"( (0 %$+% "(4"(,%'%
0% %/+&+0%/)-. '( $"%.'(, /%.2)'%'(, '( 3)#&%,%J 4"#6#/%.'# +.% %02%
+2"#*)5%/)-. ,( "(/#&)(.'% 4")#")2%")%&(.2( +. %4"#6(/<%&)(.2# &%'("("#J
% 4%"2)" '(?
%0% 1 2"#/(%'# '( 0% 3)#&%,% '( 0%, (,4(/)(, 0%(), $+).((.,), M %0&%
%*")/%.%NJ A(6(% 3"%,)0)(.,), M %+/<#NJ
(/2#.% $"%.'), M (/%NJ
<(#3"#&% /%/%# M %/%#NQ %,7 /#&# 0%, 4(;+(P%, &%./<%, '(
%"0+'#6)/% 4%0&%2% M4%9
% 2#;+)00%NJ
(/"#4)% ,44 M +%"+&#N 1
/<"#&% 41"%&)'%0( M %0,%N
#.2%/2#, /#. ).$(.)#, 0#/%0(, ;+( (&40(%. 3%$%5# /#&# /#&3+,2)30(
4%"% (0 %.>0),), '( 0% *%/2)3)0)'%' '( ,+ +,# (. (,2%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,
+"%.2( 0% ).6(,2)$%/)-.J ,( (6)'(./)- (0 ).2("=, '(0 .$(.)# %. %"0#,
(. 2"%,0%'%" 0% 3)#&%,% "(,+02%.2( '( 0%, %/2)6)'%(, '( '(,3"#/( 4%"%
+2)0)5%"0% /#&# /#&3+,2)30( (. 0%, /%0'("%, '(0 ).$(.)#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%, (,4(/)(, 1.(")+& ,%$)22%2+& M %P% 3"%6%N 1 +%'+% %.$+,2)*#0)%


M %P% $+%'+%N '(3(. ,(" /#,(/<%'%, 1 (.2"($%'%, % 0%, ')6(",%,
:+.'%/)#.(, ;+( ,( '(')/%. % 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 6)6)(.'%, 4%"% 0%,
4(",#.%, '( &>, 3%9
#, "(/+",#,
#&("/)%0)5%" 0#, *"+2#, 1 4"#'+/2#, '( 0%, (,4(/)(, ;+( '+"%.2( (0
4"#/(,# (,2=. (. *%,( '( /#,(/<%
(/#$(" 1 /#&("/)%0)5%" 0%, (47*)2%, '( 2#'% 0% "($)-. # /#.2%/2%" %
(,4(/)%0),2%, '( %"').(, #2>.)/#, 1 %";+(,
%2+"%0(, 4%"% ,+
"(/#$)'% 1 %4"#6(/<%&)(.2#
%.2(.(" (. (0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,( 0% 3)#&%,% '(0 3%.%.#J '(3)'# % ;+(
.# (B),2( #2"% &%.("% '( %4"#6(/<%" (,2% 3)#&%,% 1 4#" ,+ /%0)'%'
/#&# &%2(")%0 3)#'($"%'%30(J 0# ;+( %4#"2%"> %0 ,+(0# $"%. /%.2)'%'
'( .+2")(.2(, ). (&3%"$#J 4#" 0% /%.2)'%' '( 3)#&%,% ;+( $(.("%">J
(0 2"#./# '(3("> ,(" 2"#/(%'# (. ,(//)#.(, '(
/& 4%"% %/(0("%" (0
4"#/(,# '( '(,/#&4#,)/)-.
XI.5.5.1.2

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2%. %02(".%2)6%, %')/)#.%0(, 4%"% 0% '),4#,)/)-. '( 0%


&%2(")% 6($(2%0 % ,(" "(2)"%'% '(0 (&3%0,(J 0%, /+%0(, 4#'">. ,(" %.%0)5%'%,
,($O. ,+ *%/2)3)0)'%' '( )&40(&(.2%/)-.
)% .

% &%'("% 1 6($(2%/)-. "(2)"%'% '(3(">. (. 0# 4#,)30( ,(" +2)0)5%'%


. (0
/%,# '( 0% &%'("% (. 3+(. (,2%'#J ,("> 4"#/(,%'% 4%"% 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '(
%"27/+0#, /#&# ,)00%,J &(,%,J 3%./#,J "(4),%, # +2)0)5%",( /#&# &%2(")%0 '(
/#.,2"+//)-.
#&# +.% ,($+.'% #4/)-. 0% &%'("% '(3("> ,(" 4"#/(,%'% 4%"% /#.,($+)" +.
,+34"#'+/2# /#&# /%"3-. 6($(2%0
+%

3 *

% 4"#'+//)-. '( /%"3-. 6($(2%0 % 4%"2)" '( 0% 3)#&%,% '(0 ).2(")#" '(0
(&3%0,( 4+('( /#.,2)2+)" +. 3+(. ,),2(&% 4%"% "(%4"#6(/<%" 0% &%'("%
0
/%"3-. 6($(2%0 ;+( ,( <%/( /#. 0% &%'("%J 4#" 0# $(.("%0 4#,(( +.
"(.')&)(.2# '( 2#.(0%'% '( /%"3-. 6($(2%0 4#" /%'% '( &%'("% (&40(%'%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#, 2"#./#, '( ')>&(2"#, 4(;+(P#, 4+('( ,(" +.% *+(.2( 4#2(./)%0 '( /%"3-.
6($(2%0J %0 )$+%0 ;+( 0#, >"3#0(, .# &%'("%30(, /#&# 0#, '( /%/%#
% 4"#'+//)-. '( /%"3-. 6($(2%0 (. 0% "($)-. ,( "(%0)5% '( &%.("% %"2(,%.%0J
0% &%'("% /#"2%'% (, %4)0%'% '+"%.2( /)("2# 4(")#'# '( 2)(&4# <%,2% ;+( ,(
,(/%J 4#,2(")#"&(.2( (, /+3)("2% /#. +.% /%4% '( 2)(""% 1 ,( (./)(.'( 0
4"#/(,# '( /%"3#.)5%/)-. 2%"'% %0$+.#, '7%,
. 6%0#" %$"($%'# '( 0% $(.("%/)-. '( /%"3-. 6($(2%0 (. 0% 5#.% '(0 (&3%0,(J
,("> ).2($"%" % 0%, 4(",#.%, "(%,(.2%'%, (. (,2( .($#/)# 2(&4#"%0 ;+(
"(4#"2%"7% /)("2#, ).$"(,#, %')/)#.%0(, 4%"% 0% 4#30%/)-.
0 4")./)4%0 )./#.6(.)(.2( %,#/)%'# /#. 0% 4"#'+//)-. '(0 /%"3-. 6($(2%0 (,
;+( '+"%.2( (0 4"#/(,# '( ;+(&%'# ,( $(.("% ')-B)'# '( /%"3#.# M
N1
%')/)#.%0&(.2( 4#" 0% /#&3+,2)-. )./#&40(2% &(2%.# M A NJ &#.-B)'# '(
/%"3#.# M NJ #B)'# .)2"#,# M
N 1 #2"#, -B)'#, '( .)2"-$(.#J 0#, &),&#,
;+( /#.2%&).%. (0 %&3)(.2( 1 /#.2")3+1(. % 0% *#"&%/)-. '(0 (*(/2#
).6(".%'("#
#" (,2% "%5-. ,( '(3("> /%4%/)2%" (. (0 +,# '( ,),2(&%,
&(9
#"%'#, 4%"% 0% 4"#'+//)-. '( /%"3-. 6($(2%0 1 /#./)(./)%" % 0% 4#30%/)-.
).2($"%'% % (,2% &)/"#(&4"(,% ,#3"( (0 /%">/2(" 2(&4#"%0 '( 0% &),&%
%
%/2)6)'%' '(3("> ,(" %3%.'#.%'% +.% 6(5 ;+( 0% &%'("% 4"#6(.)(.2( '( 0%
'(*#"(,2%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( ,( %$#2(
% ,#0+/)-. *).%0 '(3("> ,(" (6%0+%'% (. *+./)-. '( 0% /%.2)'%' '( &%'("%
'),4#.)30(J +,#, ,+4(")#"(, '( 0% &),&% 1 0+$%"(, %'(/+%'#, 4%"% 0%
%/2)6)'%'
,%

0 /#&4#,2%9
( # I/#&4#,2).$G (, (0 4"#/(,# 3)#0-$)/# %("-3)/#J &(')%.2( (0
/+%0 0#, &)/"##"$%.),&#, %/2O%. ,#3"( &%2(")% ">4)'%&(.2( 3)#'($"%'%30(
M4#" (9
(&40#J "(,2#, '( /#,(/<%J (B/"(&(.2#, '( %.)&%0(, 1 "(,)'+#,
+"3%.#,NJ
4("&)2)(.'#
#32(.("
I/#&4#,2GJ
(0
/+%0
(,
+.
%3#.#L%/#.')/)#.%'#" 4%"% ,+(0#, %$"7/#0%, 0 /#&4#,2/#.2)(.( .+2")(.2(,
1 (, +. %/#.')/)#.%'#" '(0 ,+(0# ;+( &(9
#"% ,+ (,2"+/2+"%J %1+'% % "('+/)" 0%
("#,)-. 1 0% %3,#"/)-. '( %$+% 1 .+2")(.2(, 4#" 4%"2( '( 0%, 40%.2%, M .*#%$"#J
N
%"% 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '(0 /#&4#,2 ,( 4+('( (&40(%" /+%0;+)(" &%2(")%
#"$>.)/%J /#. 0% /#.')/)-. '( ;+( .# ,( (./+(.2"( /#.2%&).%'% /#.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&%2(")%0(, ).("2(, # 4(0)$"#,#, B),2(. ')6(",#, 2)4#, '( /#&4#,2'( %/+("'#


%0 #")$(. '( 0% &%2(")% 4")&%
%, &%2(")%, 4")&%, 4%"% /#&4#,2%9
( $(.("%0&(.2( 4"#/('(. '( M .*#%$"#J
N?
(,2#, '( /#,(/<%, +('(. (&40(%",( 4%"% <%/(" /#&4#,2 # /#&#
%/#0/<%'# #, "(,2#, 6($(2%0(, 9
-6(.(, /#&# <#9
%,J *"+2#,J 2+3="/+0#,J
(2/ J ,#. ")/#, (. .)2"-$(.# 1 4#3"(, (. /%"3#.# #, "(,2#, 6($(2%0(,
%'+02#, /#&# 2"#./#,J "%&%,J 2%00#,J (2/ ,#. &(.#, ")/#, (. .)2"-$(.#
3#.#, 6("'(,J ,)($%, '( /=,4('J <)("3%,J 6($(2%/)-. &(.#"J (2/
%, "%&%, '( 4#'% '( 0#, *"+2%0(, , 4"(/),# 2")2+"%"0%, %.2(, '( ,+
)./#"4#"%/)-. %0 /#&4#,2J 0#, 2"#5#, $"%.'(, %0%"$%. (0 2)(&4# '(
'(,/#&4#,)/)-.
A#9
%, +('(. 2%"'%" '( 8 &(,(, % '#, %P#, (. '(,/#&4#.(",(J 4#" 0#
;+( ,( "(/#&)(.'% &(5/0%"0%, (. 4(;+(P%, /%.2)'%'(, /#. #2"#,
&%2(")%0(,
(,2#, +"3%.#,
( "(*)("( % 2#'#, %;+(00#, "(,2#, #"$>.)/#,
4"#/('(.2(, '( 0%, /#/).%, /#&# 4+('(. ,(" "(,2#, '( *"+2% 1
<#"2%0)5%,J "(,2#, '( %.)&%0(, '( &%2%'("#,J (2/
,2)="/#0 %.)&%0 (,2%/% (0 (,2)="/#0 '( 6%/%J %+.;+( #2"#, '( $"%.
).2("=, ,#. 0% $%00).%5%J /#.(9
).% # ,)"0(J (,2)="/#0 '( /%3%00#J '( #6(9
%1
0#, 4+").(,
#&40(&(.2#, &).("%0(, #. .(/(,%")#, 4%"% /#""($)" 0%, /%"(./)%, '(
/)("2%, 2)(""%,
(,2%/%. 0%, (.&)(.'%, /%0)5%, 1 &%$.=,)/%,J 0#,
*#,*%2#, .%2+"%0(,J 0%, "#/%, ")/%, (. 4#2%,)# 1 #0)$#(0(&(.2#, 1 0%,
"#/%, ,)07/(%, 2")2+"%'%, (. 4#06#
0$%, %&3)=. 4+('(. (&40(%",( .+&("#,%, (,4(/)(, '( %0$%,J ")/%,
(. %$(.2(, %.2)3%/2(")%.#, 1 %.2)*O.$)/#, 1 *("2)0)5%.2(, 4%"% 0%
*%3")/%/)-. '( /#&4#,2
0 &%2(")%0 6($(2%0 "(2)"%'# '(0 (&3%0,( (,2%"> *#"&%'# 4#" 40%.2%, 1
"(,)'+#, '( /#,(/<%, '( ')*("(.2(, 2)4#,J %'(&>, '( <#9
%,J "%&%,J 4%,2#J (2/
,2( &%2(")%0 4#'"7% ,(" /#&4#,2%'# (. ).,2%0%/)#.(, 4"#6),)#.%0(, ;+( ,(
+3)/%"7%. /("/%.%, %0 >"(% '(0 (&3%0,(
(3(">. ,(0(//)#.%",( 0#, ,)2)#, 4%"% "(%0)5%" (0 /#&4#,2%9
(J (. *+./)-. '(
'),2%./)%, 4%"% .# (./%"(/(" (0 2"%.,4#"2( ( 4"(6= ;+( (0 &%2(")%0 4"#'+/2#
'(0 /#&4#,2%9
( 2(.'"7% +.% $"%. '(&%.'% ,) (0 4"#'+/2# 4#,(( +.% "(0%/)-.
L %4"#4)%'% B),2)"7% %'(&>, '(&%.'% (. 0#, ,)2)#, /("/%.#, % 0%, #3"%,
+.% 6(5 ;+( <%1%. *).%0)5%'# 1 (. 0% "(*#"(,2%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%, ,(0(//)#.%'%,
%0"('('#" '(0 (&3%0,(J /%3(/("%, '( "7#,J (2/
(3("> %.%0)5%",( 0% *#"&%/)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'( &)/"#(&4"(,%, /#. 0% 4#30%/)-. "(%,(.2%'% 4%"% (0 &%.(9


# '( (,2%
%/2)6)'%'
0%
% 0#&3")/+02+"% (, +.% 3)#2(/.#0#$7% ;+( +2)0)5%J % +.% (,4(/)(
I'#&(,2)/%'%G '( 0#&3")5J /#&# +.% <(""%&)(.2% '( 2"%3%9
#J 4%"% "(/)/0%"
2#'# 2)4# '( &%2(")% #"$>.)/% #32(.)(.'# /#&# 4"#'+/2# <+&+,J /%".( 1
<%").% '( 0#&3")5M .*#%$"#J
N
( 2"%2% '( +.% ).2("(,%.2( %/2)6)'%' 5##2=/.)/%J ;+( 4("&)2( 4("*(//)#.%"
2#'#, 0#, ,),2(&%, '( 4"#'+//)-. %$"7/#0%
'(&>,J (, +. .($#/)# (.
(B4%.,)-.J 1 ,( 4"(6= ;+( (. +. *+2+"# ,("> (0 &(')# &>, ">4)'# 1 (*)/)(.2(
4%"% 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '( ,+(0#, (. 5#.%, "+"%0(,
#, %0)&(.2#, #"$>.)/#, O2)0(, (. 0% %0)&(.2%/)-. '( 0#&3")/(, ,#. &+1
6%")%'#,J '(,2%/%.'# (.2"( #2"#,?
(,2#, '( ,(""("7%, ( ).'+,2")%, "(0%/)#.%'%, /#. 0% &%'("%
(,4("')/)#, '( &%2%'("#,
(,)'+#, 6($(2%0(, 4"#/('(.2(, '( (B40#2%/)#.(, %$"7/#0%,
,2)="/#0 '( (,4(/)(, '#&=,2)/%,
:"+2%, 1 2+3="/+0#, .# %42#, 4%"% (0 /#.,+&# <+&%.# # 6($(2%0
:%.$#, '( '(4+"%'#"%,
%,+"% '#&=,2)/%
0 <+&+, '( 0#&3")5(, +. *("2)0)5%.2( '( 4")&(" #"'(.J 4"#2($( %0 ,+(0# '( 0%
("#,)-.J ,)(.'# +. &(9
#"%'#" '( 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, *7,)/# ;+7&)/%, '(0 ,+(0#J
'( ,+ (,2"+/2+"% M<%/)=.'#0% &>, 4("&(%30( %0 %$+% 1 %0 %)"(NJ %+&(.2%.'# 0%
"(2(./)-. <7'")/%J "($+0%.'# (0 )./"(&(.2# 1 0% %/2)6)'%' '( 0#, .)2")2#, '(0
,+(0#J 1 0% /%4%/)'%' '( %0&%/(.%" 1 0)3("%" 0#, .+2")(.2(, "(;+(")'#, 4#" 0%,
40%.2%, '( *#"&% (;+)0)3"%'% M.)2"-$(.#J *-,*#"#J 4#2%,)#J %5+*"( 1 3#"#N
XI.5.5.2

"

0 ).2(")#" '(0 /%&4%&(.2# '( 0% #3"% '( /#.,2"+//)-. ,( (,4("% 0%


$(.("%/)-. '( "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#,J 2%.2# .#"&%0(, /#&# 4(0)$"#,#,
#,
"(,)'+#, /#.,),2)">. 3>,)/%&(.2( '( "(,2#, '( /#&)'%J 4%4(0(, 1 /%"2#.(,J
'(,3"#/( '( >"(%, 6("'(,J (,/#&3"#, '( /#.,2"+//)-.J "(2%5#, &(2>0)/#,J
/)0).'"#, '( <#"&)$-.J "(,2#, '( V)4(, )&4"($.%'#, /#. %/()2( 0+3")/%.2(J
(.2"( #2"#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%, 4")./)4%0(, &(')'%, ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# '(3( %'#42%"J % 2"%6=, '( 0%


(&4"(,% #.2"%2),2% '( 3"%J ,( 4"(,(.2%. % /#.2).+%/)-.
XI.5.5.2.1

-3

% "(/#0(//)-. 1 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 2(&4#"%0 '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .#


4(0)$"#,#,J $(.("%'#, (. 0%, >"(%, '( 2"%3%9
# '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-.
'(0 "#1(/2#J (, #30)$%/)-. '(0 :)'()/#&),# # '(0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# '(0
4"#1(/2# 1 '( ,+, /#.2"%2),2%, 1 ,+3/#.2"%2),2%,
.2"( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .# 4(0)$"#,#, ;+( ,( 4#'"7%. $(.("%" (. 0% (2%4%
'( "(&#'(0%/)-. 1 /#.,2"+//)-. ,( (./+(.2"%.?
(,2#, '( %0)&(.2#,
.6%,(, '( /%"2-. '( &%2(")%0(,
.6%,(, 40>,2)/#, '( &%2(")%0(,
.6%,(, '( 6)'")# '( &%2(")%0(,
(2%5#, '( &%'("%
(,)'+#, '( 4%4(0
0 :)'()/#&),# '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, &(')'%, 4%"% 0%
&%.)4+0%/)-. 1 &%.(9
# '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .# 4(0)$"#,#,
( '(3("> /#.2%" /#. /#.2(.('#"(, 4%"% (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( 0#,
'(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .# 4(0)$"#,#,
#, /#.2(.('#"(, '(3(">. 2(.(" 0%
/%4%/)'%' ,+*)/)(.2( 4%"% 0% *"(/+(./)% '( "(/#0(//)-. (,2%30(/)'% (. 0%
#3"%
#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .# 4(0)$"#,#, .# '(3(">. %0&%/(.%",( # '),4#.(",(
%0 %)"( 0)3"( # (. "(/)4)(.2(, )&4"#6),%'#,
#, '(,(/<#, ,( '(4#,)2%">.
(. "(/)4)(.2(, '(,2).%'#, 4%"% (00#J (. 0+$%"(, 1 <#"%")#, (,2%30(/)'#, 4%"%
(0 (*(/2#J 4#" 0% $("(./)% '( 0% #3"%
#, "(/)4)(.2(, % +2)0)5%",( 4%"% (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 2(&4#"%0 '( 0#,
'(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .# 4(0)$"#,#,J '(3(">. (6)2%" (0 /#.2%/2# '( 0#, '(,(/<#,
/#. (0 &(')#J '( 2%0 &%.("% ;+( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, ;+( ,( %/+&+0(. #
4+('%. %/+&+0%",(J .# ,( '(4#,)2(. # ).*)02"(. (. 0#, ,+(0#,
#,
"(/)4)(.2(, # /#.2(.('#"(, 4#'">. ,(" "(+,%30(, # '(,(/<%30(,
#, "(/)4)(.2(, "(+,%30(, # '(,(/<%30(, '(3(">. /+&40)" /#. 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, (,2)4+0%'#, (. (0 .(B# 8 #"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

4%"% (0 %.(9
# 1 ),4#,)/)-. :).%0 '( (,(/<#, -0)'#, # (0)$"#,#,J
)2+0#
($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1
#.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-.
&3)(.2%0J )3"#
( 0% %0)'%'
&3)(.2%0 (B2# .)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-. (/+.'%")% '(0 ).),2(")# '(0
&3)(.2(
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-. ,4(/)%0
%"5# J
%, >"(%, '(,)$.%'%, 4%"% (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#,
'(.2"# '(0 /%&4%&(.2# '(0 4"#1(/2# '(3(">. 4#,((" 4),#, '( ,+4("*)/)(
)&4("&(%30( 4%"% 0#, /#.2(.('#"(,
#, /#.2(.('#"(, '(3(">. (,2%"
4"#6),2#, /#. 0% %'(/+%'% ,(P%0)5%/)-. 1 3+(. (,2%'# *7,)/#
#, "(/)4)(.2(, +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( "(,)'+#, '(3(">.
(,2%" 4"#6),2#, '( 2%4%, ;+( )&4)'%. ;+( 0%, %$+%, 00+6)%, ).$"(,(. # ;+(
0% 3%,+"% "(3#,( *+("% '( (,2#, ,2# 2%&3)=. (6)2%"> ;+( (0 ,#0 %/(0("( 0%
'(,/#&4#,)/)-. '( 0#, "(,)'+#,J ,( $(.("(. &%0#, #0#"(, # ,( 4"(,(.2( 0%
4"#0)*("%/)-. '( &#,/%,
%"% (0 0%6%'# '( 0#, "(/)4)(.2(, '(3(">. ,(0(//)#.%",( '(2("$(.2(, /#.
4"#4)('%'(, 3)#'($"%'%30(, # 3(.)$.%, /#. (0 &(')# %&3)(.2(J 4%"% .#
%*(/2%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% (. 0% '(,/%"$% <%/)% 0#, 4#5#, ,=42)/#,
0 0%6%'# '(3("> (*(/2+%",( (. +. >"(% ;+( '),4#.$% '( *%/)0)'%'(, 4%"%
;+( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, "(&%.(.2(, (. 0#, /#.2(.('#"(, .# '"(.(. <%/)%
(0 ,),2(&% '( %$+%, ,("6)'%,J 4#" (9
(&40# +.% "(9
)00% 4%"% "(2(./)-. '( 0#,
,-0)'#,
# ,( '(4#,)2%">. ,+,2%./)%, 07;+)'%,J (B/"(2%,J .) '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#,
4(0)$"#,#,J (. "(/)4)(.2(, '(,2).%'#, 4%"% "(/#0(//)-. '( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#,
.# 4(0)$"#,#, # /#&+.(,
# '(3("> ;+(&%",( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, % /)(0# %3)("2# 1 (. 0#,
/#.2(.('#"(,
%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 2(&4#"%0J "(/#0(//)-.J 2"%.,4#"2( 1
'(,2).# *).%0 '( 0#, '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, .#"&%0(, # .# 4(0)$"#,#,J '(3(">. ,("
"(%0)5%'%, 4#" 4(",#.%0 %+2#")5%'# 4#" 0% $("(./)% '(0 "#1(/2#
# ,( '(3("> 0)&4)%"J "(4%"%" /+%0;+)(" 2)4# '( <(""%&)(.2%J (;+)4# #
6(<7/+0# '( 2"%.,4#"2( (. 0% 67% 4O30)/%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 +,# '( (;+)4# '( ,($+")'%'J '( &%.("% #30)$%2#")% 4%"% 0#,
2"%3%9
%'#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, (. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( &%.(9
# '( 0#, '(,(/<#,
,-0)'#,
.2"( 0#, (;+)4#, '( ,($+")'%' ,( (./+(.2"%. $+%.2(,J
&%,/%")00%,J /%,/#, 1 3#2%, /#. 4+.2%, '( %/("#
%'# ;+( (0 ,(/2#" .# 4#,(( +. "(00(.# ,%.)2%")# # 3#2%'("# &+.)/)4%0
(,2%30(/)'# (. 0%, /("/%.7%, '(0 ,(/2#"J ,( "(/#&)(.'% &).)&)5%" (0 6#0+&(.
'( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, %"% (,2( *).J 0% 4">/2)/% '(0 "(/)/0%9
( '( 0#, '(,(/<#,
,-0)'#, "(/+4("%30(,J /#&# 4%4(0J 40>,2)/#,J 6)'")#,J &%'("% 1 /<%2%""%J
"(,+02% '( $"%. +2)0)'%'
#, '(,(/<#,J $(.("%0&(.2( &%2(")% #"$>.)/%J .# "(;+(")">. '( 2"%2%&)(.2#
%0$+.# 4"(6)# % ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
#, '(,(/<#, '( /#.,2"+//)-. K&%2(")%0(, ).("2(,K ,( '(4#,)2%">.
4"#6),)#.%0&(.2( (. ,)2)#, '( '),4#,)/)-. (,4(/7*)/#, '(.#&).%'#,
(,/#&3"("%, ,2#, '(,(/<#, (. $(.("%0 .# "(;+(")">. '( 2"%2%&)(.2# 4"(6)#
% ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
XI.5.5.2.2

( %/+("'# %0 ($0%&(.2# 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-.


4#" (,(/<#, (0)$"#,#,9J ,( '(*).( /#&# '(,(/<# 4(0)$"#,# 2#'# %;+(0
'(,(/<# ,-0)'#J 4%,2#,#J 07;+)'# # $%,(#,# "(,+02%.2( '( +. 4"#/(,# '(
4"#'+//)-.J 2"%.,*#"&%/)-.J "(/)/0%9
(J +2)0)5%/)-. # /#.,+&# 1 ;+( /#.2(.$%
%0$O. /#&4+(,2# ;+( 2(.$% /%"%/2("7,2)/%, "(%/2)6%,J ).*0%&%30(,J /#""#,)6%,J
).*(//)#,%, # 2-B)/%, ;+( "(4"(,(.2( +. ")(,$# 4%"% 0% ,%0+' <+&%.%J 0#,
"(/+",#, .%2+"%0(, 1 (0 %&3)(.2(
#, 4")./)4%0(, "(,)'+#, 4(0)$"#,#, /#&O.&(.2( $(.("%'#, (. /%&4%&(.2#,
'( /#.,2"+//)-. ,#. 0#, %/()2(, 0+3")/%.2(, +,%'#,J 2"%4#, # (.6%,(,
)&4"($.%'#, /#. %/()2(, # $"%,%, &).("%0(,
,2#, "(,)'+#, .# '(3(">. ,("
%0&%/(.%'#, # '),4+(,2#, (. /#.9
+.2# /#. 0#, "(,)'+#, /#&+.(,J (,2# % *). '(
(6)2%" ;+( &%2(")%0(, '(,)$.%'#, /#&# '(,(/<#, .#"&%0(, ,(%.
/#.2%&).%'#, 4#" 0% 4"(,(./)% '( 0#, "(,)'+#, 4(0)$"#,#,
. (9
(&40# ,#. 0#, $+%)4(, 1 4%P#, M*"%.(0%,N +2)0)5%'#, (. 0#, 2%00("(,
9

72+0#
)3"#
&3)(.2(

*;; ?
$#,2#

($0%&(.2# 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-. 4#" (,(/<#, (0)$"#,#,


( 0% %0)'%' &3)(.2%0
(B2# .)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-. (/+.'%")% '(0 ).),2(")# '(0
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-. ,4(/)%0 J %"5# J

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&(/>.)/#, 4%"% 0)&4)(5%J )&4"($.%'#, /#. %/()2( ;+( %0 /#0#/%",( (.


/#.2(.('#"(, /#. "(,)'+#, .#"&%0(, 0#, 6+(06( % (,2#, 2%&3)=. "(,)'+#,
4(0)$"#,#,
% /#./)(./)%/)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 (, /"72)/% 4%"% 0#$"%" 0% ,(4%"%/)-. '( "(,)'+#,
%, (,2"%2($)%, # &(')'%, '( 2"%2%&)(.2# 4%"% 0#, "(,)'+#, ).'+,2")%0(,
4(0)$"#,#, )'(.2)*)/%'#, (. (,2( (,2+')# ,( '),/+2(. % ,($+)"
XI.5.5.2.3

#&# 4")&(" 4%,# (. 0% $(,2)-. '( "(,)'+#, 4(0)$"#,#,J (0 :)'()/#&),# # (0


$(,2#" '(,)$.%'# 6(")*)/%"> ;+( ,( "(%0)/( 0% ,(4%"%/)-. '( 0#, "(,)'+#,
,-0)'#, .#"&%0(, '( 0#, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, /#.,)'("%'#, /#&# 4(0)$"#,#, ,2#
"(;+(")"> 0% %,)$.%/)-. '( (.6%,(, ')*("(./)%'#,J /+1# #39
(2)6# ,("> *%/)0)2%"
0#, 4#,2(")#"(, 2"%2%&)(.2#, % ;+( ,( '(3("> ,#&(2(" (0 "(,)'+# ,-0)'#
4(0)$"#,# 4"(6)# % ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0
#'#, 0#, '(,(/<#, /#.,)'("%'#, /#&# 4(0)$"#,#, '(3(">. %0&%/(.%",( (.
"(/)4)(.2(, '(3)'%&(.2( (2);+(2%'#, 4%"% ,+ *>/)0 )'(.2)*)/%/)-. 1 .# '(3(">.
,(" '),4+(,2#, (. /#.9
+.2# /#. %;+(00#, "(,)'+#, '(,)$.%'#, /#&# .#"&%0(,
XI.5.5.2.4

#, '(,(/<#, 4(0)$"#,#,J % ,(" %0&%/(.%'#, 2(&4#"%0&(.2(J 2%.2# ,-0)'#,


/#&# 07;+)'#,J '(3(">. ,(" /#0#/%'#, (. +. >"(% (,4(/7*)/%J 4%6)&(.2%'%J
2(/<%'% 1 /#. ,($+")'%'(,
%"% (0 /%,# '( '(,(/<#, 07;+)'#,J 2%0(, /#&#
%/()2(, 0+3")/%.2(, +,%'#,J (0 >"(% '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# (,2%"> 4"#2($)'% '( 0%,
4"(/)4)2%/)#.(,J 0#, "(/)4)(.2(, ,( (./#.2"%">. '(3)'%&(.2( /(""%'#,J 1 ,(
4"#6(("> '( +. ');+( ;+( 4+('% /#.2(.(" 4#,)30(, '(""%&(, #, "(/)4)(.2(,
;+( ,( +2)0)/(. M2%&3#"(,J /%.(/%,J (2/ N ,( /#0#/%">. ,#3"( 4%0(2%, '( &%'("%J
(,2# % *). '( *%/)0)2%" ).,4(//)#.(,
XI.5.5.2.5

')/)#.%0&(.2(J '(.2"# '( 0#, 4")./)4)#, '( #4("%/)-. '(0 /%&4%&(.2#J ,(


'(3("> 00(6%" +. /#.2"#0 &(.,+%0 '( 0% $(.("%/)-. '( 0#, '(,(/<#,J (0 /+%0
'(3("> (,2%" '),4#.)30( (. 2#'# &#&(.2# 4%"% 4"#4-,)2#, '( /#.2"#0J
(6%0+%/)#.(, 1 '( %+')2#")% %&3)(.2%0
,2( /#.2"#0 '(3( )./0+)" 0% ,)$+)(.2(
).*#"&%/)-.?
@"(% '( #")$(. '(0 '(,(/<#
:(/<% '( 4"#'+//)-. '(0 '(,(/<#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:(/<% '( (.67# '(0 '(,(/<# % ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0


%.2)'%' '( '(,(/<# $(.("%'%
=2#'# '( '),4#,)/)-. +2)0)5%'# /#. (0 '(,(/<#
(,4#.,%30( 4#" 0% &%.)4+0%/)-. '(0 '(,(/<# M,( '(3( )./0+)" *)"&% '(
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%'N
XI.5.5.2.6

3 (

. (,2% /%2($#"7%J (0 4")./)4%0 "(,)'+# 0# /#.,2)2+1( 0#, %/()2(, '(,(/<%'#, '(


0+3")/%/)-. '( &%;+).%")%, 1 %+2#&#2#"(,
0 /%&4%&(.2# '( 0% #3"%
/#&4"(.'( +.% ).,2%0%/)-. 4%"% &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( (;+)4# 4(,%'#J 1 4#"
2%.2#J ,( (,4("% 0% $(.("%/)-. '( (,2( 2)4# '( "(,)'+#
( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),#J % 2"%6=, '( 0% (&4"(,% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0%
#3"%J )&40(&(.2( /#&# 2=/.)/% '( '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 '( (,2#, "(,)'+#,J 0%
"(+2)0)5%/)-. '( 0#, &),&#,J # (. ,+ '(*(/2#J 2"%.,*(")"0#, %0 4"#6(('#" 4%"%
;+( ,(% (,2( (0 (./%"$%'# '( 0% (0)&).%/)-. *).%0
#, /#.2"%2#, /#. 0#,
4"#6(('#"(, '(3(">. "(*0(9
%" (,2( "(;+(")&)(.2#
%"% (0 2"%2%&)(.2# *).%0 '( "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#,J )&4"($.%'#, /#. <)'"#/%"3+"#,
'( 4(2"-0(# 2%0(, /#&# *)02"#, '( %/()2(J *"%.(0%,J 4%4(0(,J (.6%,(, &(.#"(,J ,(
%40)/%"> +. 2"%2%&)(.2# ;+( 4("&)2% 6#06(" ).#/+#, % 0#, &),&#,
( (,2%
&%.("%J 0#, "(,)'+#, ,(">. %/(42%30(, 4%"% +. "(00(.# ,%.)2%")# %"% (,2( *).J
0% 4")./)4%0 %02(".%2)6% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# 4%"% 0#, "(,)'+#, ,("> ,+ ,#0)')*)/%/)-.
%0 ).2(")#" '( +. I30#;+(G '( <#"&)$-. ( /#.,)'("% % (,2% %02(".%2)6% /#&#
0% '( &%1#" )'#.()'%'J '(3)'# % ;+( (. 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( (,2%, &%2")/(, '(
<#"&)$-. ,( 4#'"> +2)0)5%" <#"&)$-. '( '(,(/<#J 1% ,(% 4"#6(.)(.2( '( #3"%J
# %;+(0 $(.("%'# '+"%.2( 0% 2#&% '( &+(,2"%, '( /#.2"#0 '( /%0)'%' ).2(".#
,2% (, +.% 6(.2%9
% ;+( 4#,((. 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(, '( /%&4%&(.2#, (. 0%, ;+(
,( )./0+1(. 40%.2%, '( <#"&)$-. 4"(&(5/0%'#J (. '#.'( (0 "(,)'+# '(0
4"#/(,# '( <#"&)$-. 4+('( ,(" +2)0)5%'# 4%"% (0 2"%2%&)(.2# '( 0#, "(,)'+#,
,-0)'#, )&4"($.%'#, /#. %/()2(,
%, ')&(.,)#.(, *).%0(, '( 0#, 30#;+(, '( <#"&)$-. ,(">. '(*).)'%, 4#" (0
:)'()/#&),#J # 4#" 0% (&4"(,% /#.,2"+/2#"% %,)$.%'% %0 4"#1(/2#
.% 6(5
).2"#'+/)'#, 0#, '(,(/<#, (. (0 ).2(")#" '(0 30#;+(J =,2( ,("> ,(00%'#
'(*).)2)6%&(.2( (&40(%.'# <#"&)$-.
0 /#.9
+.2# "(,+02%.2( '( (,2(
2"%2%&)(.2# 4#'"> ,(" '),4+(,2# 9
+.2# /#. 0#, '(&>, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#,
.#"&%0(, ;+( $(.("( (0 /%&4%&(.2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

( .).$+.% &%.("% ,( "(%0)5%"> (0 6("2)'# '( %/()2(, 0+3")/%.2(, +,%'#, <%/)%


/%.%0(, '( %$+%, 00+6)%,J ;+(3"%'%,J %9
%, '( ).,4(//)-.J # ,#3"( (0 ,+(0#J 2%0
/#&# 0# (,2%30(/( (0 .+&("%0
'( 0% #"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 '(0
(/+",# +(0# 1 ")2(")#, '( (&(')%/)-. 4%"% +(0#, #.2%&).%'#,
%, >"(%, (. '#.'( ,( %0&%/(.(. 0#, '(,(/<#, %/()2#,#,J (. (,4("% '( ,+
'),4#,)/)-. *).%0J '(3(">. /+&40)" %'(&>, /#. 0%, '(3)'%, ,(P%0(, '(
4"(/%+/)-. (,2%30(/)'%, (. 0% #"&% =/.)/%
88
XI.5.5.2.7

#, '(,(/<#, '( 40%$+)/)'%, /#""(,4#.'(. % (.6%,(, 6%/7#, ;+( ,( $(.("%">.


(. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( *+&)$%/)-. '( 0#, %0"('('#"(, # %0 ).2(")#" '(0
/%&4%&(.2#
(3)'# % ;+( 0%, /%.2)'%'(, (,4("%'%, '( (.6%,(, 6%/7#, '( 40%$+)/)'%, ,(">.
0)&)2%'%,J (, /#.6(.)(.2( (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( 0#, (.6%,(, (. 0+$%"(,
2(/<%'#, 1 4%6)&(.2%'#,J <%,2% %/+&+0%" +.% /%.2)'%' %4"#4)%'%J ;+(
4("&)2% $(,2)#.%" (0 "(2#".# '( 0#, &),&#, %0 4"#6(('#" '(0 4"#'+/2#
'(&>,J '(3("> )&40(&(.2%",( (0 +,# '( "($),2"#, (. 0#, /+%0(, ,( ).');+( 0%
/%.2)'%' '( "(/)4)(.2(, 6%/7#, 1 '( '(,(/<#, $(.("%'#,J %,7 /#&# 0%
'),4#,)/)-. *).%0 '( 0#, &),&#,
XI.5.5.2.8

%"% (0 /%,# '( 0#, '(,(/<#, 4"#6(.)(.2(, '(0 '),4(.,%")# &=')/#


M&(')/%&(.2#,J $%,%,J 9
(").$+)00%,J (.2"( #2"#,NJ (,2#, 4#'">. '),4#.(",( (.
/#.9
+.2# /#. 0#, '(,(/<#, .#"&%0(, % ,(" $(.("%'#, 4#" (0 /%&4%&(.2# # ,("
(./%4,+0%'#, (. 0#, 30#;+(, '( <#"&)$-.
( ,($+)">. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,
4"#/(')&)(.2#, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( (,2( 2)4# '( '(,(/<#,J 4"(6)# % ,+
'),4#,)/)-. /#. (0 "(,2# '( 0#, '(,(/<#, .#"&%0(,?
#, '(,(/<#, '( %0$#'-.J $%,%J (,4%"%'"%4# 1 #39
(2#, /#"2# 4+.5%.2(,
'(3(. %0&%/(.%",( (. 4#&%, 40>,2)/%, "#2+0%'%,J <%,2% %0/%.5%" 0%, _
4%"2(, '( ,+ 6#0+&(. % 4#&% 40>,2)/% 2(.'"> +.% /%4%/)'%' '( '#,
$%0#.(,
+($# /+3")" (,2( /#.2(.)'# /#. <)4#/0#")2# '( ,#')# %0
T 1
'(4#,)2%" (. (0 /#.2(.('#" 4%"% '(,(/<#, .#"&%0(, # .# 4(0)$"#,#,
#/+&(.2%" (. "($),2"#, 0%, /%.2)'%'(, '( '(,(/<#, $(.("%'%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

( (&40(%"> (;+)4# '( 4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0 M$+%.2(, '( /%+/<# 1


&%,/%")00%N 1 +.% 4).5% %.%2-&)/% 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( 0#, '(,(/<#,
" %4%D

0 &%.(9
# '( 0%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, '(3("> $%"%.2)5%" +. (*0+(.2( *).%0 ;+(
/+&40% /#. 0% .#"&%2)6% %&3)(.2%0 6)$(.2(
0 &%.(9
# '( 0%, %$+%,
"(,)'+%0(, %'(&>, '( /#&4"(.'(" (0 2"%2%&)(.2# '(0 (*0+(.2(J )./0+1( 0%
%40)/%/)-. '( &(')'%, 1 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ;+( 4("&)2%. 0% "('+//)-.J "(+,# 1
"(/)/0%9
( '( 0%, &),&%,
XI.5.6.1

"

%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( 0%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, '#&=,2)/%, (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# ,(
4"#4#.(. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, &(')'%,?
(%0)5%/)-. '( 4"#$"%&%, ).2(".#, '( %<#""# 1 +,# (*)/)(.2( '(0 %$+% %0
).2(")#" '(0 /%&4%&(.2# '( #3"%
.,2%0%/)-. '( 2"%&4% '( $"%,%, (. /#&('#"(, 4%"% (6)2%" (0 ).$"(,# '(
(,2%, (. (0 (*0+(.2( *).%0
.>0),), '( 0% '),4#,)/)-. 4#" ,(4%"%'# '( 0%, %$+%, $"),(, 1 %$+%, .($"%,
$(.("%'%, (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# ( (,2% *#"&% ,( '),&).+1( 0#, /#,2#, '(
2"%2%&)(.2# '(3)'# %0 6#0+&(. "('+/)'# '( %$+%, % 2"%2%"
%"% (0 2"%2%&)(.2# '( 0%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, $(.("%'%, (. (0 /%&4%&(.2#J ,(
4"#4#.(. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, #4/)#.(,?
XI.5.6.1.1

>

#, 4#5#, ,=42)/#, 3)(. &%.(9


%'#, ,#. +.% %02(".%2)6% /#.*)%30( 1 (/#.-&)/%
4%"% (0 2"%2%&)(.2# '( 0%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, '#&=,2)/%, 0 4#5# ,=42)/# 4#,((
274)/%&(.2( '#, />&%"%, 4%"% 0% ,(')&(.2%/)-. '(0 (*0+(.2(J +.% /%9
% '(
'),2")3+/)-. 1 +.% "(' '( '),2")3+/)-. ;+( 4("&)2% +. 2"%2%&)(.2# % 2"%6=,
'(0 ,+(0# %"% (0 /%&4%&(.2# (. 0+$%" '( 0% ).*)02"%/)-. (. (0 2(""(.# ,(
4"#4#.( ;+( (0 (*0+(.2( '(0 4#5# ,=42)/# ,(% "(/#0(/2%'# 1 %0&%/(.%'# 4%"%
4"#4#"/)#.%"0( 2"%2%&)(.2# %')/)#.%0 ,2( 2"%2%&)(.2# '(3("> $%"%.2)5%" ;+(
(0 (*0+(.2( *).%0 $(.("%'# /+&40% /#. 0% .#"&%2)6% %&3)(.2%0 6)$(.2(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.6.1.2

. 0% %/2+%0)'%' (B),2(. ,),2(&%, ;+( #*"(/(. *%/)0)'%'(, 4%"% (0 2"%2%&)(.2#


'( %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, (. 0+$%"(, %),0%'#,J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '( 0% +3)/%/)-. '(0
/%&4%&(.2# 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"% ,2#, ,),2(&%, ,( /#.#/(. /#&#
40%.2%, '( 2"%2%&)(.2# /#&4%/2%, # 4%;+(2(,
% ).,2%0%/)-. '( +.% 40%.2% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# 4%;+(2( (, +.% #4/)-. %
/#.,)'("%",( 4%"% 0%, '(,/%"$%, "(,)'+%0(, '( 2)4# '#&=,2)/# '(0
/%&4%&(.2#
% (*)/)(./)% 1 *%/)0)'%' '( #4("%/)-. '( +.% 40%.2% '(
2"%2%&)(.2# 4%;+(2( (, 6%")%'% 1 '(4(.'("> 4")./)4%0&(.2( '( 0% 2(/.#0#$7%
(&40(%'% M2"%2%&)(.2# %("#3)#J %.%("#3)#J 3)#0-$)/#J (2/ N
,2%, 40%.2%,
$(.("%0&(.2( *+./)#.%. &(')%.2( 2"%2%&)(.2# ,(/+.'%")# 3%,%'# (. 0#'#,
%/2)6%'#,J +. /0%")*)/%'#" 4")&%")#J +. %0&%/(.%'#" '( *%.$#J +. ,),2(&% '(
2"%2%&)(.2# 3)#0-$)/#J 1 +. /0%")*)/%'#" *).%0
'(&>, ,( %'%42%. % 0%,
')6(",%, .(/(,)'%'(, '( 0#, ,)2)#, (. 0#, ;+( 6%. % ,(" )&40%.2%'%,J ,)(.'#
/%4%/(, '( 2"%2%" '(,/%"$%, /#. /%+'%0(, (;+)6%0(.2(, '( J 0L, % 0L,
.2"( 0%, 6(.2%9
%, '( 0% ).,2%0%/)-. '( +.% 40%.2% '( (,2( 2)4# (, 0% *%/)0)'%' '(
).,2%0%/)-.J &7.)&# +,# '( >"(% '( 2(""(.#J (,2%3)0)'%' (. (0 4"#/(,# '( /%"$%
1 6)"2+%0&(.2( /%"(/(. '( 4"#30(&%, '( #0#"(, ( ).,(/2#,
.2"( 0%,
'(,6(.2%9
%, (,2>. 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% 40%.2%J 0% ,(.,)3)0)'%' '( 0#, 4"#/(,#,
3)#0-$)/#,J '( ).$"(,%" ,+,2%./)%, # (0(&(.2#, (B2"%P#,J 0% $(.("%/)-. '(
0#'#, 0 (*0+(.2( *).%0 '( 0% 40%.2% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# '(3("> ,(" &#.)2#"(%'#
4%"% %,($+"%" ;+( (0 &),&# /+&40( 0#, (,2>.'%"(, 4("&),)30(, '( '(,/%"$%,
'( 0% 0($),0%/)-.
XI.5.6.2

% 2%4% '( #.,2"+//)-. /#.2(&40%"> 0% ).,2%0%/)-. 1 #4("%/)-. '( +.%


0%.2% '( 0%3#"%/)-. '( A#"&)$-. "(&(5/0%'#J "(;+(")'# 4%"% ')*("(.2(,
/#&4#.(.2(, '( 0% #3"% ( 4"(,(.2%. &(')'%, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 4%"% (0
(*0+(.2( 4"#'+/)'# (. (0 0%6%'# '( /%&)#.(, &(5/0%'#"(, KI A GK 1 '( 0#,
'(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, $(.("%'#, (. 0% 4"#'+//)-. '( <#"&)$-.
XI.5.6.2.1

#8

% &(9
#" *#"&% '( 4"(6(.)" (,2( 2)4# '( /#.2%&).%/)-. (, (6)2%" /+%0;+)("
2)4# '( 6("2)'# ')"(/2# '( 0#, "(,)'+#, '(0 0%6%'# '( 0#, /%&)#.(, &)B(",
<%/)% (0 "(/+",# ,+(0#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%, %$+%, '( 0%6%'# '( 0%, /%.%0(2%, 1 2%&3#"(, M2"#&4#,N '( 0#, /%&)#.(,
&)B(", 4+('(. ,(" "(+2)0)5%'%, (. #2"%, %/2)6)'%'(, 4"#'+/2)6%,J '(.2"# '( 0%
0%.2% A#"&)$#.("%
0 %$+% '( 0%6%'# % ,(" "(+2)0)5%'% '(3("> ,("
4"(6)%&(.2( 2"%2%'%J 4#" 0# ;+( ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +.%
4),/).% ,(')&(.2%'#"%J 0% &),&% ;+( 4("&)2)"> 0% ,(')&(.2%/)-. '( 0#,
,-0)'#, ,(')&(.2%30(, 4"(,(.2(, (. (0 %$+% '( 0%6%'#
0 %$+% /0%")*)/%'% 1 /#. +. 4A %4"#4)%'#J 4#'"> ,(" "(+2)0)5%'% (. %0$+.# '(
0#, ,)$+)(.2(, +,#,?
%6%'# '( /%&)#.(, &)B(",
($%'# '( /%&).#, ).2(".#, '(0 /%&4%&(.2#J '),&).+1(.'# %,70%
(&),)-. '( 4#06#,
0%3#"%/)-. '(0 <#"&)$-.J /#&4"#3%.'# 4"(6)%&(.2(J &(')%.2(
(,2+')#, 2=/.)/#,J ;+( (,2# .# %*(/2%"7% 0% /%0)'%' '(0 4"#'+/2# *).%0
% 4),/).% '( ,(')&(.2%/)-. '(3("> ,(" '),(P%'% 1 #4("%'%J '( 2%0 &%.("%
;+( .# ,( "($),2"(. '(,/%"$%, 07;+)'%, <%/)% (0 &(')#
. 3%,( % 0%,
(B4(")(./)%, "($),2"%'%, (. ')*("(.2(, 40%.2%, <#"&)$#.("%, '(0 /+%'#"J +.
,),2(&% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# 4%"% 0%, %$+%, '(0 0%6%'# '( /%&)#.(, &)B(", 1
'(,/%"$%, 07;+)'%, /#. (0(6%'# .)6(0 '( %0/%0).)'%'J (, )&4"(,/).')30(
. /%,# '( .# ,(" "(+2)0)5%'% (0 %$+% 4"#6(.)(.2( '( 0% 4),/).% '(
,(')&(.2%/)-.J =,2% '(3("> /+&40)" /#. 0#, 4%">&(2"#, '( '(,/%"$% ;+(
(,2%30(/( 0% #"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 1 '( (,/%"$% '( *0+(.2(,?
(/+",# $+%J 4"(6)# % ,+ '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 <%/)% %0$O. /+("4# '( %$+%
0 :)'()/#&),# '(3("> /#.2"%2%" %'(&>, +. 0%3#"%2#")# 4%"% &#.)2#"(#
(B2(".# '( 0%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, ;+( ,( '(,/%"$+(. '(,'( 0% 4),/).% '(
,(')&(.2%/)-.
. (,2( %.>0),), ,( &(')"> -0)'#, '),+(02#,J -0)'#,
+,4(.')'#,J -0)'#, (')&(.2%30(, 1 4A
#, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, ;+( ,( ,(')&(.2%">. (. (0 *#.'# '( 0% 4),/).%J '(3(">.
,(" "(2)"%'#, 4(")-')/%&(.2(J (6)2%.'# '( (,2% &%.("% 0% %/+&+0%/)-. '( 0#,
&),&#,
#, ,(')&(.2#, "(2)"%'#, 4#'">. ,(" &(5/0%'#, /#. %$"($%'#,
$"+(,#, 1 *).#,J 4%"% ,(" "(+2)0)5%'#, /#&# &%2(")%0 '( "(00(.#
(&(')%/)-. '( +(0#,

*(/2%'#, 4#" (,)'+#, '( %6%'# '(

)B(",

(.("%0&(.2(J /+%.'# ,( 4"#'+/(. 6("2)'#, ')"(/2#, '( 0#, "(,)'+#, '(


0%6%'# '( &)B(", <%/)% (0 ,+(0#J /#. (0 2)(&4# ,( 4"#'+/)"> (0 .#"&%0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

*"%$+%'# M(.'+"(/)&)(.2#N '( 0#, "(,2#, '( <#"&)$-. %""%,2"%'#, (. (0


(*0+(.2(
,2( "(,)'+# (.'+"(/)'# '(3("> ,(" "(&#6)'#J 1 4#,2(")#"&(.2(
'),4+(,2# (. /#.9
+.2# /#. 0#, "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#, .#"&%0(, $(.("%'#, (. (0
/%&4%&(.2#
.% 6(5 "(&#6)'# (0 "(,)'+# '( <#"&)$-. (. (0 ,)2)# %0 ;+( *+(
%//)'(.2%0&(.2( 6("2)'#J ,( '(3("> %.%0)5%" ,) (0 ,+(0# <% (B4(")&(.2%'#
/%&3)#, (. 4A
( ,(" %,7J (0 ,+(0# '(3("> ,(" 2"%2%'# '( &%.("% ;+( ,(
/#.,)$% "(,2%30(/(" ,+, 4"#4)('%'(, .%2+"%0(,
%"% (,2#J ,( "(%0)5%"> (0
0%6%'# '(0 &),&#J 0+($# (0 ,+(0# 2"%2%'# ,("> /#0#/%'# 1 .)6(0%'# (. (0
&),&# ,)2)# '( "(&#/)-.J %0/%.5%.'# (. 0# 4#,)30( 0% 2#4#$"%*7% .%2+"%0 '(0
(.2#".#
% 4"(/)4)2%/)-. .%2+"%0 (. 0% "($)-. %1+'%"> /#&# &(')# '(
0%6%'# '(0 ,+(0# ). (&3%"$#J ,( '(3( "(,%02%" ;+( 0% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"%
2#&%"> 2#'%, 0%, &(')'%, 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. '(0 ,+(0#
" %4%E

,2% ,(//)-. (,2%30(/( 0%, &(')'%, 4%"% (0 &%.(9


# '( ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%, 1
/#&3+,2)30(, (. (0 ,)2)# '( #3"%
'(&>,J ,( 4"(,(.2% &(')'%, '(
"(&(')%/)-. 4%"% 4#,)30(, /#.2%&).%/)#.(, '(0 ,+(0#J 4"#'+/2# '( %//)'(.2(,
# (6(.2+%0)'%'(, (. (0 &%.(9
# '( ).,+&#, ). (&3%"$#J ,( '(3( "(,%02%" ;+(
0% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"% 2#&%"> 2#'%, 0%, &(')'%, 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-. '(0 ,+(0#
XI.5.7.1

"

%, 4")./)4%0(, &(')'%, 2=/.)/%,J '(,2).%'%, % 4"(6(.)" 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. '(0


"(/+",# ,+(0#J (,2>. "(0%/)#.%'%, /#. 0%, >"(%, '( "(/(4/)-.J %0&%/(.%&)(.2#J
2"%.,*("(./)% 1 '(,4%/<# '( <)'"#/%"3+"#, '( 4(2"-0(# (. +. /%&4%&(.2#
%, >"(%, '#.'( ,( (./+(.2"(. 2%.;+(, '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( )(,(0 J %,7
/#&# (0 ,(/2#" (. '#.'( ,( +3);+(. ,+"2)'#"(, '( /#&3+,2)30(J '(3(">. ,("
4"#6),2#, '( 0% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% %'(/+%'%J '( %/+("'# % 0# (,2)4+0%'# (. (0
($0%&(.2# +,2)2+2)6# '(0 ($0%&(.2# '( 4("%/)#.(, A)'"#/%"3+"7*("%, (.
(0 /+%'#" M
# 8 '(0
'( :(3"("#J
N
,2% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%
/#.,),2( 3>,)/%&(.2( '(?
"#6),)-. '( ');+( '( /#.2(./)-. 4%"% 0#, 2%.;+(, '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2#
'( /#&3+,2)30(
0 ');+( '( /#.2(./)-. '(3("> (,2%" 4%6)&(.2%'# ( )&4("&(%3)0)5%'#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 '"(.%9
( '( %$+%, 00+6)%, '(0 ');+( '(3("> /#.2%" /#. +. '),4#,)2)6#
,(4%"%'#" %$+%K%/()2(
"#2(//)-. /#.2"% 0% /#""#,)-. (. 2%.;+(, 1 2+3("7%, &(2>0)/#,
%, >"(%, '( '(,4%/<# '( /#&3+,2)30( % %+2#&#2#"(, '(3(">. /#.2%"
/#. /%.%0(, 4(")&(2"%0(,J 4%"% "(/#0(//)-. '( (6(.2+%0(, '(""%&(,
. /+%.2# % 0% 4"(6(./)-. '( /#.2%&).%/)-. ,+(0#, 4#" 4"(,(./)% '(
<)'"#/%"3+"#, '( 4(2"-0(#J 0% ("(./)% '(0 "#1(/2# '(3("> (,2%30(/("
&(')'%, %'&).),2"%2)6%, # '( $(,2)-. '(,2).%'%, % (6)2%" (0 6("2)'# # 0%
'),4#,)/)-. )./#""(/2% '( "(,)'+#, %/()2#,#,J 2%.2# (. 0%, >"(%, ).2(".%, '(0
/%&4%&(.2# /#&# (. 0%, >"(%, '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)#.(, '( 0% 4"(,%
%, &(')'%, ,( <%">. (B2(.,)6%, %0 4(",#.%0 /#.2"%2),2% ;+( (*(/2O( 0%3#"(,
'(.2"# '(0 4"#1(/2#
XI.5.7.1.1

I 2

%, 4")./)4%0(, ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%, % +2)0)5%",( ,(">. %')2)6#, 4%"% <#"&)$-.J


40%$+)/)'%, 2%0(, /#&# ).,(/2)/)'%, # <("3)/)'%,J %/()2(, 0+3")/%.2(, %0 $"%.(0
# (. 2%&3#"(, '(
$%0#.(, '( /%4%/)'%'J 07;+)'#, 4%"% *"(.#,J %/()2(,
<)'">+0)/#,J ).,+&#, 4%"% 0%3#"%2#")# '( 0% 40%.2% '( <#"&)$-.J (2/
. (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 1 &%.)4+0%/)-. '( ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%, ,( ,($+)">. 0%,
4">/2)/%, '(,/")2%, (. 0%
#"&% =/.)/%
88
,2%, 4">/2)/%,
(,2%30(/(.?
,# '( 4%0(2%, '( &%'("% MI4%00(2,GN 4%"% (0 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '(
(.6%,(,
%, >"(%, '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '(3(. (,2%" 4%6)&(.2%'%, (
)&4("&(%3)0)5%'%,
# 4"(,(.2%">. *),+"%, # $")(2%, 4#" '#.'( +.
(6(.2+%0 '(""%&( 4+')("% ).*)02"%",( %0 ,+(0#
0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( %/+("'# % 0% /#&4%2)3)0)'%' ;+7&)/% '( 0#,
4"#'+/2#,
-2+0#, '( )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 4(0)$"#, %,#/)%'#, /#. 0#, 4"#'+/2#,
,# '( <#9
%, '( '%2#, '( ,($+")'%' '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, &%.)4+0%'#,
M<#9
%,
N
8
($+)&)(.2# '( 0%, 4">/2)/%, '( ,($+")'%' 1 +,# '( )&40(&(.2#, '(
4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0
0 :)'()/#&),# ,#0)/)2%"> % 0% /#.2"%2),2% '( #3"% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0% .#"&%
2=/.)/% /)2%'%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.7.1.2

3
%, >"(%, &>, ,+,/(42)30(, % %*(/2%/)#.(,
<)'"#/%"3+"#,J '(.2"# '( +. /%&4%&(.2# ,#.?

'(

/#.2%&).%/)-.

4#"

@"(%, '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( /#&3+,2)30(,


%00("(, '( 0+3")/%/)-.
%00("(, %+2#&#2")/(,
@"(% '(0 2%.;+( '( /#&3+,2)30( 4%"% $(.("%'#"(, (0=/2")/#,
% (&4"(,% /#.2"%2),2% %,)$.%'% % 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J '(3(">
)&40(&(.2%" 4">/2)/%, %'(/+%'%, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( 0#, <)'"#/%"3+"#, '(
4(2"-0(#J %,7 /#&# 2%&3)=. '(3("> 4"#<)3)" /+%0;+)(" 2)4# '( 6("2)'# '(
"(,)'+#, %/()2#,#, <%/)% (0 2(""(.#
'(&>, '(3("> "(%0)5%" "(&#/)#.(, '( 0%
/%4% '( ,+(0# ;+( *+(,( /#.2%&).%'#J % *). '( "($(.("%" 0% &%2(")% #"$>.)/%
4"#4)% '(0 ,+(0#
02(".%2)6%, '( (&(')%/)-. '( +(0#,

*(/2%'#, 4#" A)'"#/%"3+"#,

% "(&(')%/)-. '( ,+(0#, /#.2%&).%'#, 4#" <)'"#/%"3+"#, )&40)/% "('+/)" (0


/#.2(.)'# '( <)'"#/%"3+"#, 2#2%0(, % .)6(0(, (,2%30(/)'#, 4%"% ,+(0#,
).'+,2")%0(, M
J
!N
( )'(.2)*)/%",( >"(%, %*(/2%'%, 4#" '(""%&(, # 6("2)'#, '( <)'"#/%"3+"#, '(
4(2"-0(# # '( ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%,J ,("> #30)$%/)-. '( 0% #.2"%2),2% '( 3"% (0
"(<%3)0)2%" 0%, >"(%, %*(/2%'%, 0 :)'()/#&),# (B)$)"> (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( (,2%
&(')'%
( (./#.2"%",( >"(%, %*(/2%'%, ,( +2)0)5%"> (0 2"%2%&)(.2# (. ,)2)#
/#&# &(')'% '( "(,2%+"%/)-.
0 &=2#'# /#.,),2( (. "(&#6(" 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. ,+4("*)/)%0 4%"% 0+($#
%40)/%" &%2(")%0 #"$>.)/# /#&# *+(.2( '( (.("$7% 1 "(2(.('#" '( <+&('%'J
0)$("%&(.2( &(5/0%'# /#. ,+(0# /#.2%&).%'#
#. 0% %1+'% '( +.% ,#0+/)-.
,+"*%/2%.2( 3)#'($"%'%30( %40)/%'% (. 4(;+(P%, /%.2)'%'(, ,( 0#$"% ;+( (0
<)'"#/%"3+"# (.2"( (. ,#0+/)-. 1 %+&(.2( 0% 3)#'($"%'%/)-. .%2+"%0
XI.5.7.2

"

( 4"#/+"%"> ;+( 0% &%1#"7% '( 0% &%'("% ;+( ,( +2)0)/( (. 0#, 4"#/(,#, '(
/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"% 4"#6(.$% '( 0#, >"3#0(, &%'("%30(, '(.2"# '(0 >"(%
'(0 (&3%0,(J 0% &),&% ;+( 4#" 4")./)4)#, 2=/.)/#, '(3("> ,(" '(*#"(,2%'% 1
'(,3"#5%'% 4%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% +2)0)5%/)-. '( &%'("% (. /+%0;+)(" %/2)6)'%' /#.,2"+/2)6% '( $"%.


&%$.)2+'J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '(0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J (,2%">
"($+0%'% 4#" (0 ($0%&(.2# :#"(,2%0 '(0
).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2( M B
:
N
( /#.,)'("% ;+( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( &%1#" '(&%.'% '( &%'("%
,(">. 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 /%&4%&(.2#J (. (&4%0)5%'%,J (./#*"%'#,J (.2"(
#2"#,
" %4%'

. (0 /%,# '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( +.% #3"% /#&# (0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


J (0 2(&% '( &%1#" "(0(6%./)% (, (0 /#.2"#0 '( (&),)#.(, '( 4#06#, 1
4%"27/+0%,
.2"( 0%, *+(.2(, '( (&),)#.(, '( 4#06# /%"%/2("7,2)/%, (. (,2( 2)4# '( #3"%, ,(
(./+(.2"%. (0 2">*)/# '( 6(<7/+0#, (. /%&).#, .# 4%6)&(.2%'#, 1 0%,
(&),)#.(, '( 4#06#, 1 4%"27/+0%, '(,'( 40%.2%, '( <#"&)$-. 4"(&(5/0%'#
%, &(')'%, ;+( ,( 4"(,(.2%. % /#.2).+%/)-. ,( ')")$(. %0 /#.2"#0 '(
(&),)#.(, '(,'( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 2)4#, '( *+(.2(,?
&),)#.(, '(,'( :+(.2(, :)9
%,?
).2(".%

<)&(.(%, '( &#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-.

&),)#.(, :+$)2)6%,?
#06#, (. &%.)4+0%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(,
%.2("%,
#06#, '(,'( /%&).#, .# 4%6)&(.2%'#,
&),)#.(, '(,'( :+(.2(,
4(,%'#

-6)0(,?

%&)#.(, 2)4# 6#0;+(2% 1 (;+)4#

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(,/")3(. 0%, 4")./)4%0(, &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. % ,("


/#.,)'("%'%, 4#" (0 :)'()/#&),# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'# 1 0% (&4"(,%
/#.2"%2),2% '( #3"%
XI.5.8.1

"

,2%, (&),)#.(, ,( 6(")*)/%. 4")./)4%0&(.2( (. /<)&(.(%, '(,'( *+(.2(, '(


/#&3+,2)-.J (. 4%"2)/+0%" '( &#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".%
,2#, (;+)4#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,#. %&40)%&(.2( +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% *).(, '( $(.("%/)-. '( (0(/2")/)'%' 4%"%
%0+&3"%'# # 4%"% %//)#.%" (;+)4#, &(/>.)/#, /#&# 3#&3%, '( %$+% 1
/#&4"(,#"(, '( %)"(
">/2)/%, '(

%.2(.)&)(.2# (. ),2(&%, '( #&3+,2)-.

*). '( &%.2(.(" 0%, (&),)#.(, '( $%,(, '( (,/%4( (. .)6(0(, (,2%30(,J ,(
'(3(">. ,($+)" 0%, 4">/2)/%, $(.("%0&(.2( %/(42%'%, '( &%.2(.)&)(.2# '(
&#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".% 1 ,( #3,("6%"> 0% 4(")#')/)'%' '(
&%.2(.)&)(.2# "(/#&(.'%'% 4#" (0 *%3")/%.2(
% %40)/%/)-. '( (,2%,
4">/2)/%, /#.00(6%"> % &(.#"(, (&),)#.(, <%/)% (0 &(')# '( 4%"27/+0%, 1 $%,(,
'( /#&3+,2)-. /#&# #.-B)'# '( %"3#.# M N
%, 4">/2)/%, '( &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( &#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".% )./0+1(.
0% 0)&4)(5% 1 "(2)"# '( '(4-,)2#, '( 0%, />&%"%, '( /#&3+,2)-.J '( 6>06+0%, 1
'( 4),2#.(,J %,7/#&# (0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( ").(, '( (,2#, O02)&#,
. 0# 4#,)30(J ,( (.2"(.%"> %0 4(",#.%0 '( 0% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"% 4%"%
"(4#"2%" 4%"% &%.2(.)&)(.2# % %;+(00#, (;+)4#, (. ;+( ,( #3,("6(.
(&),)#.(, 6),)30(, '( <#007. '+"%.2( (0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# .#"&%0 '( +. (;+)4#
'( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".%
2"# ).')/%'#" '( &%.2(.)&)(.2# (, (0 '(.#&).%'#
I<+&# %5+0G (. 0#, $%,(, '( (,/%4(J ).')/%'#" '( 0% 4"(,(./)% '( &)$"%/)-.
'( %/()2( 0+3")/%.2( <%/)% 0% />&%"% '( /#&3+,2)-. '( 0#, &#2#"(,
XI.5.8.2

"

( '(.#&).%. (&),)#.(, *+$)2)6%, % %;+(00%, ;+( 0)3("%. 4#06#, # 4%"27/+0%,


<%/)% (0 &(')# ,). 4%,%" 4"(6)%&(.2( 4#" +.% /<)&(.(% # /#.'+/2# %"% (0
/%,# (,4(/7*)/# '( 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# %3%J 0%
4")./)4%0 *+(.2( '( (&),)#.(, *+$)2)6%, ,( #")$).% (. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( 0%
40%.2% '( (0%3#"%/)-. '( <#"&)$-. 4"(&(5/0%'#
2"%, *+(.2(, '( (&),)#.(,
,#. '(3)'%, %0 4%,# '( 6(<7/+0#, ,#3"( /%&).#, .# 4%6)&(.2%'#,J &%.(9
# '(
&%2(")%0(, M4)0%,N 1 '( (B40#2%/)-. '( /%.2("%,
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '),/+2(. 0%, &(')'%, 4")./)4%0(, "(/#&(.'%'%, 4%"%
"('+/)" (&),)#.(, '( 4#06#, 1 4%"27/+0%, '(,'( (,2%, %/2)6)'%'(,
XI.5.8.2.1

%, 4")./)4%0(, *+(.2(, '( (&),)-. '( 4#06#, %0 %)"( (. +.% 40%.2% '(
(0%3#"%/)-. '( <#"&)$-.J 4"#6)(.(. '(0 &%.(9
# '( &%2(")%0(, (. 4)0%,J '( 0%
2")2+"%/)-. 1 /0%,)*)/%/)-. '( 2%&%P# '( 4)('"%, M/+%.'# ,( 4"(,(.2( (,2(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

4"#/(,#NJ (. (0 00(.%'# '( /%&)#.(, &(5/0%'#"(, /#. 4"#'+/2#J 1 '(,'( 0%


/O,4)'( '( ,)0#, '( /(&(.2# '+"%.2( (0 %4"#6),)#.%&)(.2# '( (,2( ).,+&#
%, 4")./)4%0(, &(')'%, 4%"% &)2)$%" 0%, (&),)#.(, '( 4#06#, '(,'(
2")2+"%'#"%, '( 4)('"% 1 5%"%.'%, /#.,),2(. (. 4"#6((" /%,(2%, # /+3)("2%, %
0#, (;+)4#, '( 4"#/(,# &(./)#.%'#,
%, /%,(2%, 4("&)2(.J %')/)#.%0&(.2(J
"('+/)" (0 "+)'# (&)2)'# <%/)% (0 (B2(")#" '(,'( (0 4"#/(,# '( 2")2+"%/)-. '(
4)('"%
#. "(,4(/2# % (&),)#.(, '(,'( 4)0%, '( &%2(")%0(, <%/)% 0% ).2(&4(")(J ,(
"(/#&)(.'% (0 +,# '( /<+2(, M&%$%, *0(B)30(,N 4%"% /#.2"#0%" 0% /#.'+//)-.
'(0 &%2(")%0 /0%,)*)/%'# <%/)% 0% 4)0% '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2#
( "(/#&)(.'% (0
+,# '( /+3)("2%, M0#.%, '( 40>,2)/#N ,#3"( (0 &%2(")%0 (B4+(,2# (. 0%, 4)0%,
4%"% &).)&)5%" (&),)#.(, '(3)'%, % 0% %//)-. '(0 6)(.2# '( 0% "($)-.
XI.5.8.2.2

. $(.("%0J 0#, /%&).#, .# 4%6)&(.2%'#, ,#. *+(.2( '( (&),)-. '( 4%"27/+0%,
<%/)% (0 &(')#
% (&),)-. ,( #")$).% 4")./)4%0&(.2( '+"%.2( 0% /)"/+0%/)-.
'( 6(<7/+0#, 4(,%'#,J %,7/#&# 2%&3)=. 4#" %//)-. '(0 6)(.2# (. 0% "($)-.
. .+&("#,#, ,)2)#, '( (B40#2%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(,J 0#, /%&).#, .#
4%6)&(.2%'#, /#.,),2(. '( 67%, 0%,2"%'%,J (,2# (,J ;+( <%. ,)'#
&(/>.)/%&(.2( /#&4%/2%'#,
. (,2( 2)4# '( 67%, ,( 4"(,(.2%. 4)('"%,
/#&4%/2%'%, %,7 /#&# 2%&3)=. /%4%, '( 4#06#, *).#,
( '(,)$.% /#&#
4#06#, *).#, '( /%&).# % %;+(00%, 4%"27/+0%, &(.#"(, (. 2%&%P# % !
&)/"#.(, M #V<("' 1 #2"#,J
! N
(3)'# % 0% %//)-. '( 4+06(")5%/)-.
(9
("/)'% 4#" 0%, "+('%, '( 6(<7/+0#, 4(,%'#,J %,7/#&# 2%&3)=. 0% %//)-.
("#,)6% '(0 6)(.2#J 0#, 4#06#, *).#, ,#. (&)2)'#, <%/)% (0 &(')#
#&# &(')'% '( "('+//)-. '( (&),)#.(, '( 4#06# '(,'( /%&).#, .#
4%6)&(.2%'#,J 0% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"% '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" (0 ")($# /#. %$+%
4%"% %;+(00%, 67%,
% &(')'% (,2> '(,2).%'% % &)2)$%" 0%, (&),)#.(, '(
4#06#, *).#, '(,'( /%&).#, '(3)'# %0 2">*)/# '( 6(<7/+0#,
. 2="&).#,
$(.("%0(,J (0 &=2#'# '( ")($# '( /%&).#, +2)0)5%.'# %$+% (, /#.,)'("%'#
/#&# (*(/2)6# 1 (/#.-&)/# .# #3,2%.2( ,+ /#"2# 4("7#'# '( %//)-. 0 %$+% (,
%40)/%'% &(')%.2( +. /%&)-. /),2(".%J (;+)4%'# /#. 6>06+0%, '),4(.,%'#"%,
;+( '),2")3+1(. (0 %$+% (. +. %./<# '( 67% '( & %4"#B)&%'#,
(3)'# % 0%
(6%4#"%/)-. '(0 %$+% %40)/%'% % 0#, /%&).#,J (. 4%"2)/+0%" 3%9
# /#.')/)#.(,
'( *+("2( ).,#0%/)-.J (0 (*(/2# ,+4"(,#" '(,%4%"(/( (. +. 2)(&4#
"(0%2)6%&(.2( /#"2#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% *"(/+(./)% '( 6)%9


(, '( 0#, /%&)#.(, ;+( %40)/%. %$+% % 0#, /%&).#,J ,(">
'(/)')'% (. *+./)-. '( %,4(/2#, 2%0(, /#&#?
.,#0%/)-. 4"(,(.2(J
)6(0 '( 2">*)/# '( /%&)#.(, (,4("%'# (. (0 ,)2)#J
(0#/)'%' '( 6)(.2# (. 0% "($)-.
#&# /#.,)'("%/)#.(, %')/)#.%0(,J 0% /#&4%P7% /#.2"%2),2% %,)$.%'% 4%"% 0%
#3"% '(3("> 0)&)2%" 0% 6(0#/)'%' '( /)"/+0%/)-. '( 0#, 6(<7/+0#, 4(,%'#, %
S&L< '(&>,J ,( 4"#<)3)"> (0 +,# '( %/()2(, 0+3")/%.2(, '(,(/<%'#, MI%/()2(
;+(&%'#GN /#&# %$(.2( ,+4"(,#" '( 4#06# (. /%&).#,
0 2"%2%&)(.2# '(
/%&).#, /#. %/()2(, +,%'#, .# (, +.% 4">/2)/% %&3)(.2%0&(.2( %/(42%30(J
'(3)'# %0 4#2(./)%0 '( /#.2%&).%/)-. '( 0#, ,+(0#, 1L# '( 0%, %$+%, '(
(,/#""(.27%
XI.5.8.3

%, 4")./)4%0(, *+(.2(, &-6)0(, '( (&),)-. ,#. 0#, /%&)#.(, '( 2"%.,4#"2( '(
&%2(")%0J /%&)#.(, &)B("J 6(<7/+0#, '( %4#1# 0#$7,2)/#J 1 6(<7/+0#, 0)6)%.#,
%&3)=. /#.2")3+1(. /#. (&),)#.(, (0 (;+)4# 4(,%'# /#&# 4%0%, &(/>.)/%,J
/%"$%'#"%, # 2"%/2#"(,
XI.5.8.3.1

* =2

#, 6(<7/+0#, 1 (;+)4# 4(,%'# ;+( ,( (&40(%. $(.("%0&(.2( (. 0%, #3"%,


/)6)0(, '( $"%. (.6("$%'+"% 4#,((. &#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".% )(,(0
%, &(')'%, '( &%.(9
# '( (&),)#.(, %0 %)"( 4%"% (,2#, 6(<7/+0#, ,( (.*#/%"> %
,($+)" 0%, 4">/2)/%, "(/#&(.'%'%, 4#" 0% /#&4%P7% '( *%3")/%/)-. '( =,2#,
(;+)4#,J /#. "(,4(/2# %0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( ,+, &#2#"(,
XI.5.8.3.2

!?

:)'()/#&),# (,2%30(/("> 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ).2(".#, 4%"% &%.(9


# '(0 2">*)/#
%+2#&#2#" (. 0%, >"(%, '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( #3"%, /)6)0(, 1 %0 ).2(")#" '(0
/%&4%&(.2#
( (*(/2+%">. ).,4(//)#.(, '(0 (,2%'# '( 0#, 6(<7/+0#,
/%&)#.(, '( 2"%.,4#"2( '( /%"$%
( .#2)*)/%"> %0 2"%.,4#"2),2% '( /+%0;+)("
6(<7/+0# /+1%, (&),)#.(, '(,'( 2+3#, '( (,/%4( ,( /#.,)'("(. /#&# %274)/%,J
(,4(/)%0&(.2( '+"%.2( #4("%/)-. % 6(0#/)'%' .#"&%0J 1 ,( 40%.)*)/%"> 0%
(.2"%'% (. &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( %;+(00#, 6(<7/+0#, .# %42#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.8.4
0 "+)'# (, /#.,)'("%'# /#&# +. /#.2%&).%.2( '(0 %&3)(.2(
% 0($),0%/)-.
(/+%2#")%.% 4"(,(.2% "($+0%/)#.(, 4%"% .)6(0(, '( "+)'# 4"(,(.2(, (. '#,
,)2+%/)#.(, ')*("(.2(,? "+)'# (. >"(%, '( 2"%3%9
#J 1J "+)'# %&3)(.2%0
%,
"($+0%/)#.(, 4%"% (,2% O02)&% ,)2+%/)-. $(.("%0&(.2( ,( %40)/%. (. 0#, 07&)2(,
(B2(")#"(,J # 0).'("#,J '(0 4"#1(/2# (6%0+%'#
#, .)6(0(, ,#.#"#, ,( (B4"(,%. (. '(/)3(0(,
M' N
% 0($),0%/)-.
%&3)(.2%0 (/+%2#")%.% (,2%30(/( 0#, .)6(0(, ,#.#"#, 4("&)2)'#, '( %/+("'# %0
2)4# '( %/2)6)'%' '(,%""#00%'% (. 6%")%, /0%,(, '( 5#.%J (, '(/)"J ,($O. (0 +,#
'(0 ,+(0# M (" %30%
N
!
))&)+
*
- #A" # ./
.# - - 1: /-/
- IO

!
Q
- 1: /-/

. -5

KD KK

+K KK

I/ *

C FP
+K KK

KD KK

H#.% <#,4)2%0%")% 1 ('+/%2)6%


H#.% (,)'(./)%0
H#.% (,)'(./)%0 &)B2%
H#.% #&("/)%0

H#.% #&("/)%0 &)B2%

H#.% .'+,2")%0

:+(.2(? .(B#
7&)2(, ("&),)30(, '( )6(0(, '( +)'# &3)(.2( 4%"% :+(.2(, :)9
%, 1 :+(.2(, -6)0(,J
1 4%"% )3"%/)#.(,Q )2+0#
($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '(
0% #.2%&).%/)-. &3)(.2%0Q )3"#
( 0% %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 (B2# .)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-.
(/+.'%")% '(0 ).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2(
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-.
,4(/)%0 J %"5# J
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8
J
8

XI.5.8.4.1

3
#, .)6(0(, '( "+)'# '(.2"# '( 0%, >"(%, '( 2"%3%9
# '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '(
/#.,2"+//)-. (,2%">. "($)'#, 4#" 0% .#"&%2)6% (,2%30(/)'% (. (0 ($0%&(.2#
'( ($+")'%' 1 %0+' '( 0#, "%3%9
%'#"(, 1
(9
#"%&)(.2# '(0
(')#
&3)(.2( '( "%3%9
#
#, 6%0#"(, &>B)&#, 4("&),)30(, ,( 4"(,(.2%. (. 0%
%30%
&#,2"%'% % /#.2).+%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
!.
/.

A.

. -F

))&),
./
-!./
*

./

:+(.2(? ($0%&(.2# '( ($+")'%' 1 %0+' '( 0#, "%3%9


%'#"(, 1
(9
#"%&)(.2# '(0 (')# &3)(.2( '( "%3%9
#J
# 8
#6)(&3"( !J
8
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8
J
8

% 0($),0%/)-. (,2)4+0% %'(&>, ;+( 4%"% /+%0;+)(" .)6(0 '( 4"(,)-. ,#.#"%
&%1#" %
' J (0 2"%3%9
%'#" '(3("> +2)0)5%"J #30)$%2#")%&(.2(J ,+ "(,4(/2)6#
(;+)4# '( 4"#2(//)-. %+')2)6%
0 (;+)4# 1 &%;+).%")% +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% '(3(">.
/#.2%" /#. 2#'#, 0#, %')2%&(.2#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"% "('+/)" %0 &7.)&# 4#,)30(
0#, .)6(0(, '( "+)'# $(.("%'#,
,2#, %')2%&(.2#, /#.,),2(.J $(.("%0&(.2(J
'(0 +,# '( ,)0(./)%'#"(, (. 0#, 2+3#, '( (,/%4( 1 (. 0% 2#&% '( %)"( '(
&#2#"(, '( /#&3+,2)-. ).2(".% %&3)=. ,( ).,),2)"> (. ;+( 0#, '),4#,)2)6#,
4%"% /#.2"#0 '( 6)3"%/)-.J '( 0% &%;+).%")% '( /#.,2"+//)-.J ,( (./+(.2"(. (.
%'(/+%'%, /#.')/)#.(, #4("%2)6%,
%"% 0#$"%" +. /#""(/2# /#.2"#0 (, .(/(,%")# &#.)2#"(%"J &)')(.'# /#.
"($+0%")'%'J 1 /#. 0% ).,2"+&(.2%/)-. /#""(,4#.')(.2(J ,) 0#, .)6(0(, '( "+)'#
(,2>. (. %"&#.7% /#. 0#, (,2>.'%"(, '( "(*("(./)%
,2#, &#.)2#"(#,
'(2("&).%">. 0% .(/(,)'%' '( %40)/%" &(')'%, %')/)#.%0(, M( $ %9
+,2( '(
(;+)4#,J ,+,2)2+/)-. '( &%;+).%")%J (2/ N
( '(,)$.%"> +.
#.)2#"
&3)(.2%0 ;+( 6)$)0%"> 0#, .)6(0(, '( "+)'# 1 (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '(0 "#$"%&%
'( #.)2#"(# '( 0#, )6(0(, '( +)'#
'(&>,J (0 4(",#.%0 ).6#0+/"%'# /#. 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"% '(3("> 4#,(("
(0(&(.2#, '( 4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0 M
N ;+( &).)&)/(. 0#, )&4%/2#,
"(*("(.2(, %0 "+)'# M(9? 2%4#.(,N
%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( '(&%.'%">. (0 +,# '(
(,2#, (0(&(.2#, ,#.? #4("%/)-. '( &%;+).%")% 4(,%'%J 2"%3%9
#, (. /("/%.7% '(
$(.("%'#"(, '( (.("$7%J 2"%3%9
#, '( ,#0'%'+"%J 6#0%'+"%,J (2/

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.5.8.4.2

. 0% %/2+%0)'%'J 0#, (;+)4#, +2)0)5%'#, (. /#.,2"+//)#.(, '( #3"%, '( $"%.


(.6("$%'+"% /#&# (, (0 /%,# '(0 "#1(/2# %3%J (,2>. %/#.')/)#.%'#, /#.
,),2(&%, '( %),0%&)(.2# '( "+)'#,J 0#, &),&#, ;+( (,2>. '),(P%'#, ,)$+)(.'#
.#"&%, ).2(".%/)#.%0(,
:)'()/#&),# '(3("> 2#&%" 0%, &(')'%, .(/(,%")%, 4%"% $%"%.2)5%" ;+( 0%
/#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"% "(%0)/( "(6),)#.(, '( 0#, ,),2(&%, '( %),0%&)(.2# '(
"+)'#, '( /%'% &%;+).%")% +2)0)5%'%J 1 .# 4("&)2)" (0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '(.2"#
'( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"%J '( &%;+).%")%, ;+( .# /+&40%. /#. 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, '( *>3")/%
%"% (,2#J ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% +2)0)5%/)-. '(
,#.-&(2"#, '(3)'%&(.2( /%0)3"%'#,J /#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( 00(6%" +. "($),2"# '(
0#, (;+)4#, ;+( #4("%. (. 3+(. (,2%'#
'(&>,J 0#, #4("%'#"(, '( (,2#,
(;+)4#,J '(3(">. /#.2%" '( 0#, (0(&(.2#, '( 4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0 M
N
" %4%J

#
!

% /#.,2"+//)-. '( /)("2%, #3"%, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% '(0


"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
4#'"7% $(.("%" ).(,2%3)0)'%' '( 2%0+'(, '(3)'#
4")./)4%0&(.2( % &#6)&)(.2#, '( 2)(""% K/#"2(, 1 "(00(.#,K 1 % (*(/2#,
("#,)6#, 4#" %//)-. '(0 6)(.2# # (,/#""(.27%,
9
(&40#, '( 2%0+'(, ;+(
"(;+(")">. 4%"2)/+0%" %2(./)-. ,#. 0#, /#"2(, '( 2(""(.# 4%"% 0#, /%&).#, '(
%//(,# % 0% 3"%J # 0#, 2%0+'(, 4%"% /%.2("%, '( &%2(")%0 '( 4"=,2%&#
B),2(. 6%")%, 2=/.)/%, (&40(%'%, 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0#, )&4%/2#, 4#"
).(,2%3)0)'%' '( 2%0+'(,J .# #3,2%.2(J 0% 4")&("% "(/#&(.'%/)-. ,+$(")'% (,
0% %40)/%/)-. '( /#""(/2%, 4">/2)/%, ).$(.)(")0(, '( '),(P# 1 /#.,2"+//)-. '(
(,2%, #3"%,
XI.5.9.1

"

"

%, 4">/2)/%, /#""(/2%, )./0+1(. (6)2%" 2"%5%'#, '( /%&).#, (. >"(%, '(


*"%$)0)'%' &+1 %02% # /#. 4(.')(.2(, *+("2(,J '),&).+)" (. 0% &(')'% '( 0#
4#,)30( 0#, &#6)&)(.2#, '( 2)(""%,J '),&).+)" (0 %./<# '( 40%2%*#"&%,J (6)2%"
0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( /%&).#, (. 0%, *"%.9
%, '( 4"#2(//)-. '( /+",#, '( %$+%J
'),&).+)" (0 6#0+&(. 1 6(0#/)'%' '(0 %$+% (. /+.(2%,J "(/+3")" /+.(2%,
/+%.'# ,( ,+4("(. 0%, 4(.')(.2(, /"72)/%, ,( ,#/%6%/)-.J /#.,)'("%" (. 2#'#,
0#, /%&).#, 0% %'(/+%'% /%.%0)5%/)-. '( 0%, %$+%,J (.2"( #2"%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

( '(3("> "(,4(2%" 0%, *"%.9


%, '( *)02"%9
( # 4"#2(//)-. % %&3#, 0%'#, '( 0#,
/+",#, '( %$+% 4("&%.(.2( 1 (,2%/)-.%0(,J /#. %./<#, 6%")%30(, (.2"(
1
& ,($O. 0% *"%$)0)'%' '(0 2(""(.# %'1%/(.2(
.% 6(5 /#.,2"+)'%, 0%, #3"%, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%J ,( "(/#&)(.'% %,($+"%" 0%
(,2%3)0)'%' '( 0#, 2%0+'(, %"% (,2# (, "(/#&(.'%30( '),&).+)" (. 0% &(')'%
'( 0# 4#,)30( 0#, >.$+0#, '( 0#, 2%0+'(, '( /#"2(J /#.,2"+1(.'# (. 2(""%5%, (.
%;+(00#, 2%0+'(, &>, %02#,J /#0#/%" /%3%00(2(, '( *)02"%9
( ,#3"( 0#, '(""%&(,J
(,2%3)0)5%" &(/>.)/% 1 3)#0-$)/%&(.2( 0#, 2%0+'(,
#, 2%0+'(, "(/)=.
/#.,2"+)'#,J /#&# "($0% $(.("%0J 4"(,(.2%. +. %,4(/2# %'(/+%'# 1 +.%
,+4("*)/)( "($+0%" 1 (,2%30(J 4("# 4#" 0% %//)-. '( ')6(",#, %$(.2(,J (,2#,
4+('(. ("#,)#.%",( ">4)'%&(.2(
XI.5.9.2

B),2(. 6%")%, 2=/.)/%, 4%"% &(9


#"%" 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, $(#2=/.)/%, '( +.
2%0+' .2"( (,2%, 2=/.)/%, ,( &(./)#.% (0 +,# '( 3)#""#00#,J ;+( /#.,),2( (. 0%
).,2%0%/)-. '( 3#3).%, '( 4%9
%J 4%"% %&).#"%" 0% (.("$7% /).=2)/% '( 0%, %$+%,
'( (,/#""(.27% '( *#"&% ;+( ,( (6)2( (0 %""%,2"( '( 0%, 2)(""%, %, &%.2%, '(
4%9
% (, #2"# &=2#'# 4%"% (6)2%" 0% ("#,)-. 4#" (,/#""(.27% ,2( &=2#'#
4"#2($( 0#, 2%0+'(, /#. &%.2%, #"$>.)/%, M3)#'($"%'%30(,NJ (, '(/)" ;+(
/+&40(. ,+ *+./)-. '( 4"(,("6%" 0%, 2)(""%, '(0 2%0+' 1 4("&)2)" (0
%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% 6($(2%/)-. '+"%.2( +. 2)(&4# '(2("&).%'#
'(&>,J (B),2(. 0%, 2=/.)/%, '( (,2%3)0)5%/)-. /#. &%00%, 1L# &(&3"%.%,
*0(B)30(, '( &%2(")%0(, ,).2=2)/#, )&4("(/('("#, ;+( 4#,((. +. 6#0+&(.
).2(".# 4%"% 0#/%0)5%" 0%, ,(&)00%, 4%"% 0% 6($(2%/)-. '(0 2%0+'
,2#,
&%2(")%0(, 4#,((. )&4#"2%.2(, "(,),2(./)%, % 0% 2"%//)-. 0#.$)2+').%0J 1
4("&)2(. (0 /"(/)&)(.2# '( 6($(2%/)-. (. 0#, 2%0+'(,J ).2($">.'#0#, %0 4%),%9
(J
&).)&)5%.'# %,70#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, '( (,2%, (,2"+/2+"%,
" %4%)K

( %/+("'# %0 %./# +.')%0 M


NJ 2#'% %/2)6)'%' '( &).("7% ,+4("*)/)%0J
)./0+1(.'# /%.2("%,J $(.("% +.% %*(/2%/)-. '(0 >"(% (. '#.'( ,( '(,%""#00%J
%'(&>, '( ,#3"(/%"$%, '( 4)0%, '( &%2(")%0 (B2"%7'# ). (&3%"$#J (, *%/2)30(
"(&(')%" (,2%, >"(%, %*(/2%'%,J ,(% '+"%.2( # %0 *).%0 '( 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '(
(B40#2%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, "(0%/)#.%'#, % /%.2("%, )./0+1(. (&),)#.(, '(


4%"27/+0%, %0 %)"( 4"#'+/2# '(0 2">*)/# 6(<)/+0%"J (B/%6%/)#.(,J (B40#,)#.(,
/#.2"#0%'%, 1 2"%.,4#"2( '(0 &%2(")%0Q (&),)#.(, '( "+)'# 1 6)3"%/)#.(,
4"#6(.)(.2(, '( (;+)4#, % ')(,(0 +2)0)5%'#, (. 0#, 4"#/(,#, '( 4"#'+//)-.Q
/#.2%&).%/)-. '( %$+%, ,+4("*)/)%0(, 4#" )./"(&(.2#, '( ,-0)'#, (. 0%,
(,/#""(.27%, ,+4("*)/)%0(,J "(&#/)-. '( 6($(2%/)-. 1 ,+(0#J ("#,)-. ( )&4%/2#,
6),+%0(,
XI.5.10.1

"

( <% /#.,)'("%'# /#&# 4"(&),% 3>,)/% ;+( 0#, &%2(")%0(, 4%"% "(00(.# '( 0%,
4"(,%, 1 #2"%, #3"%, 4"#6(.'">. '( 0%, 4"#4)%, (B/%6%/)#.(, "(;+(")'%, 4%"%
0% )&40%.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J 0#, /+%0(, ,(">. 2"%.,4#"2%'#, ')"(/2%&(.2(
'(,'( (0 4+.2# '( (B/%6%/)-. % 0#, ,)2)#, '( "(00(.#
, 4"#3%30( ;+( /)("2#, &%2(")%0(, (,4(/)%0(,J /#&# 4#" (9
(&40# %;+(00#,
'(,2).%'#, % 0% *%3")/%/)-. '( <#"&)$#.(, 4"#6(.$%. '( /%.2("%, /("/%.%, 1
4"#3%30(&(.2( '(3(">. ,(" %0&%/(.%'#, (. ,)2)#, )'-.(#, /("/%.#, % ,+
4+.2# '( +2)0)5%/)-.
,2%, *+(.2(, '( &%2(")%0 4#'">. %2(.'(" 0% '(&%.'%
'( &%2(")%0 4%"% /%&).#, M2(""%40(.(,J ,+3 3%,( 1 3%,(NJ %$"($%'# $"+(,# 1
*).# 4%"% 4"#'+//)-. '( <#"&)$#.(,J $%6)#.(,J (."#/%'#,J 4"#2(//)-. '(
/%.%0J (.2"( #2"#,
( ,(" .(/(,%")# (0 +,# '( (,2%, /%.2("%,J (0 :)'()/#&),# # (0 $(,2#" '(,)$.%'#
1 0% /#.,2"+/2#"% '(3(">. %,($+"%",( ;+( 0%, /#./(,)#.(, /+(.2(. /#. 0%
%4"#3%/)-. '( 0% )"(//)-. %/)#.%0 '( ).("7% '(0 ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1
).%,
% /#./(,)-. &).("%J '( 0%, /%.2("%, (.2"( #2"#, "(;+),)2#,J '(3(">
/#.2%" /#. 0% %4"#3%/)-. '(0 "(,4(/2)6# ,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0
( 2)(.( 4"(6),2# ;+( 0#, 4("&),#, '( (B40#2%/)-. %,7/#&# 0% %+2#")5%/)-.
4%"% ,+ +,# 1 '("(/<#, '( 4%,# ,(">. '( "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '( 0#,
/#./(,)#.%")#, %+2#")5%'#, 4%"% (0 (*(/2# 4#" (0 ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1
).%,
# #3,2%.2(J ,) 0% /#.,2"+/2#"% '(/)'( (B40#2%" &%2(")%0(, 4(2"(#, 4#" ,+
/+(.2%J '(3("> /#.2"%2%" 0#, ,2+')#, '( &4%/2#, &3)(.2%0(, '( 0#, ,)2)#,
'( /%.2("%, '(*).)2)6#,J 1 .# '(3("> ).)/)%" 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( '(,3"#/( 1
(B40#2%/)-. '(0 &%2(")%0 <%,2% <%3(" #32(.)'# 0% "(,4(/2)6% %4"#3%/)-. '( 0%
)"(//)-. %/)#.%0 '( ).("7% '(0 ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1 ).%, 0 40%. '(
&%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 %40)/%30( % /%'% ,)2)# '( /%.2("% '(3("> /#.2(.(" 0#,
4"#/(')&)(.2#, 1 %/2)6)'%'(, (,4(/7*)/#, '( 4"(6(./)-.J &)2)$%/)-. 1 /#.2"#0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'( )&4%/2#,
0 4"(,(.2(
(,2%30(/( 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, 3>,)/#, ;+(
'(3("> /#.2(.(" (0
'(*).)2)6# 4%"% /%'% ,)2)#
#, 0).(%&)(.2#, $(.("%0(, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( /%.2("%, '(0 4"#1(/2#J '(3(">.
(,2%" 3%,%'#, 4")./)4%0&(.2( (. (0 ($0%&(.2# &3)(.2%0 4%"% /2)6)'%'(,
).("%, (. 0% (4O30)/% '(0 /+%'#" M
J
8 J
'(
(42)(&3"( J
!N
,2#, 0).(%&)(.2#, )'(.2)*)/%. 2#'#, 0#, %,4(/2#, ;+(
'(3(. ,(" /#.,)'("%'#, (. 0#, 4"#/(,#, '( (B40#2%/)-. '( /%.2("%,
% +7% #
'( .("#
J '( 0% .)'%' &3)(.2%0 ).("% '(
0% +3,(/"(2%"7% '( "#2(//)-. &3)(.2%0J ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1 ).%, '(0
/+%'#"J 4"(,(.2% (. *#"&% "(,+&)'% 0#, 4")./)4%0(, (0(&(.2#, ;+( '(3(">
)./0+)" +. (,2+')# %&3)(.2%0 4%"% (B40#2%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(,J 0#, &),&#, ;+(
,( '(2%00%. % /#.2).+%/)-.?
(/+",# % (B40#2%"
(.#&).%/)-. '(0 >"(%
)2+%/)-. $(#$">*)/%J 4#072)/% 1 %'&).),2"%2)6%
+4("*)/)( M<(/2>"(%, '( (B40#2%/)-.N
#&3"( # "%5-. ,#/)%0 '(0 2)2+0%" &).("#
)"(//)#.(, '( #*)/).% # '#&)/)0)#J 2(0=*#.#J *%BJ /#""(# (0(/2"-.)/#
(4"(,(.2%.2( 0($%0 M(. /%,# '( 4(",#.% 9
+"7')/%N
#&3"( '(0 /#.,+02#" # /#&4%P7% /#.,+02#"% "(,4#.,%30( '( 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '(0 ,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0
O&("# (. (0 ($),2"# '( #.,+02#"(, &3)(.2%0(,
).("# '( 0%
+3,(/"(2%"7% '( "#2(//)-. &3)(.2%0 '(0 ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1
).%,
#&4#,)/)-. '(0 (;+)4# 2=/.)/#
:(/<% '( (9
(/+/)-. '(0 ,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0
("7#'# '(0 4"#1(/2# &).("# ;+( (,2> /+3)("2# 4#" (0 ,2+')# '(
&4%/2# &3)(.2%0
XI.5.10.2

#, ,)2)#, 4%"% 0% (B2"%//)-. '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, '( 4"=,2%&# '(3(">. ,("
,(0(//)#.%'#, 4"(6)# %.>0),), '( %02(".%2)6%,J 1 ,+ (B40#2%/)-. '(3("> (,2%"
,#&(2)'% % %4"#3%/)-. 4#" 4%"2( '(0 #"$%.),&# /#&4(2(.2(
%'% 0%
/%"%/2("7,2)/% '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,( "(/#&)(.'% (0 (,2+')# '( 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%,
*7,)/%, 1 &).("%0-$)/%, '( 0#, ,+(0#, ;+( ,( (./+(.2"%. '(.2"# '(0 >"(% '(
).+.'%/)-. M(&3%0,(N 4%"% '(2("&).%" 4#,)30(, ,)2)#, '( (B40#2%/)-. (. (,2#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,(/2#"(,
(,'( (0 4+.2# '( 6),2% %&3)(.2%0J 0%, /%.2("%, +3)/%'%, '(.2"# '(0
>"(% '(0 (&3%0,( ,(">. 0%, ;+( $(.("(. &(.#"(, )&4%/2#, .($%2)6#,
4("&%.(.2(, (. (0 (.2#".#
% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"% '(3("> 4"(,(.2%" +. 40%. '( (B40#2%/)-. 1 4#,2(")#"
"(/+4("%/)-.J "(<%3)0)2%/)-. 1 %3%.'#.# '(0 >"(%
0 ("(.2( '(0 "#1(/2#J
'(,)$.%"> +. #.)2#" &3)(.2%0J ;+)(. (6%0+%"> 0%, /#.')/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(,
'( 0#, ,)2)#, 1 (&)2)"> "(4#"2(, 4(")-')/#,
0 *).%0 '( 0% (B2"%//)-. ,( (&)2)">
2%&3)=. +. "(4#"2( %/(42%.'# 0% (.2"($% '(0 ,)2)# # ).*#"&( '( %3%.'#.# '(0
>"(%
#&# .#"&% $(.("%0J ,( '(3(">. (,/#$(" 0%, /%.2("%, ;+(J % )$+%0'%' '(
/%0)'%' 1 '),4#.)3)0)'%' '( &%2(")%0(,J (,2= &>, %0(9
%'% '( 5#.%, 4#30%'%, 1
2(.$%. 4("&),#, '( *+./)#.%&)(.2# 4"( (B),2(.2(,J #2#"$%'#, 4#" #"$%.),&#,
'( /#.2"#0J 2%.2# 0#/%0(, /#&# "($)#.%0(, M +.)/)4)#,J #.,(9
#, "#6)./)%0(,J
).),2(")# '( 3"%, O30)/%,J ).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1 ).%,N
# ,( 4#'">.
+2)0)5%" /%.2("%, ;+( .# 4#,(%. 0#, 4("&),#, # 0)/(./)%, '( 0% %+2#")'%'
/#&4(2(.2( &+.)/)4%0 # .%/)#.%0 ,2%, '),4#,)/)#.(, '(3(">. ,(" 6(")*)/%'%,
4#" 0% /#.2"%2),2% 1 (0 &#.)2#" %&3)(.2%0 '(0 "#1(/2#
.2(, '(0 %3%.'#.# '( 0%, /%.2("%, '( &%2(")%0(, '( 4"=,2%&#J 0% /#.2"%2),2%
'(3("> "(/#.*#"&%" (0 2(""(.#J 4"#/+"%.'# "(/+4("%" ,+, /%"%/2("7,2)/%,
<)'"#0-$)/%, 1 ,+4("*)/)%0(, #")$).%0(, 1 0% (,2%3)0)'%' '( 0%, >"(%,
).2("6(.)'%,
XI.5.10.3

,
0 :)'()/#&),# (,2%30(/("> 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ;+( $%"%.2)/(. (0 /#""(/2#
%3%.'#.# '( 0#, ,)2)#, '( (B/%6%/)-. 1 &%2(")%0(, '( /#.,2"+//)-. +2)0)5%'#,
(. (0 "#1(/2# %3% 4#" 4%"2( ,+1# # '( ,+, /#.2"%2),2%, # ,+3/#.2"%2),2%, %
/#.2"%2),2% '( #3"% ,("> 0% (./%"$%'% '( (9
(/+2%" 0%, &(')'%, '( /)(""(J
"(,2%+"%/)-.J "(<%3)0)2%/)-. %4"#4)%'%, '( 0%, >"(%, '( (B2"%//)-. '(
&%2(")%0(, '( 4"=,2%&#
. $(.("%0J 0%, &(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( $%"%.2)5%">.?
% "(,2%+"%/)-. '(0 +,# '(0 ,+(0# 4"( (B),2(.2( M%.2(, '( 0% (B),2(./)%
'( 0#, *"(.2(, '( (B40#2%/)-.N
% 4"(6(./)-. '( 0% '($"%'%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 )..(/(,%")% '(0 ,)2)#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% "($(.("%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%, %*(/2%'%, '( 2%0 &#'# ;+( ,(%. 6),+%0 1
*+./)#.%0&(.2( /#&4%2)30(, /#. 0% 2#4#$"%*7% /)"/+.'%.2( 1 0%,
/%"%/2("7,2)/%, $(#2=/.)/%, '(0 ,)2)#
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 0),2%. 0#, ')*("(.2(, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, "(/#&(.'%'#, 4%"% (0
%3%.'#.# '( +.% /%.2("% # ,)2)# '( (B40#2%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(, '( 4"=,2%&#
%"%" '(*).)2)6%&(.2( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( (B40#2%/)-. 1 #4("%/)-.
(. (0 ,)2)#
6%/+%" 2#'# (0 4"#'+/2# (B40#2%'# ;+( 4+')(,( (,2%" %0&%/(.%'#
(. (0 >"(% % ,(" %3%.'#.%'%
(,/#.(/2%" 2#'%, 0%, 07.(%, (0=/2")/%, 4")./)4%0(,
.)/%&(.2( ,(
4("&%.(/("> (0 *0+9
# (0=/2")/# ).'),4(.,%30( 4%"% (9
(/+2%" (0
4"#/(,# '( '(,&#.2%9
( '( 0#, (;+)4#, +2)0)5%'#, (. 0% (B40#2%/)-.
'( &%2(")%0(,
(,&#.2%" 0#, (;+)4#, (B),2(.2(, (. 0% /%.2("% M2")2+"%'#"%,J
5%"%.'%,J &#2#"(,J $(.("%'#"(, (0=/2")/#,J /#&4"(,#"(,J (2/ N
"(.%" 1 "(00(.%" 2#'%, 0%, *#,%, # '(4"(,)#.(, (B),2(.2(,J ,).
%*(/2%" (0 4%2"-. '( '"(.%9
( .%2+"%0 (B),2(.2(
,2% &(')'%J %,7
/#&# 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,J %40)/%. O.)/%&(.2( % 0%, /%.2("%, 0#/%0)5%'%,
(. ,(/2#"(, *+("% '(0 >"(% '( (&3%0,(
(,2%+"%" (0 >"(% '(0 2(""(.# ).2("6(.)'#J <%,2% %4"#B)&%" 0%
2#4#$"%*7% #")$).%0 '(0 &),&# ,2# )./0+)"> % 2#'#, 0#, /%&).#, '(
%//(,# .# (,(./)%0(,J 0%, 0%'("%,J '"(.%9
(, '( %$+% ,+4("*)/)%0 1
#2"%, >"(%, '#.'( <%. #/+"")'# %02("%/)#.(, '(0 ,+(0#
.,4(//)#.%" 0% (,2%3)0)'%' '( 0#, 2%0+'(,J &#"*#0#$7%J ')6(",)'%'
2#4#$">*)/%J /%4%/)'%' %/(42%30( '( '"(.%9
( ,+4("*)/)%0 1 $"%'# '(
/#&4%/2%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%, "(,2%+"%'%,
#0#/%" /#3("2+"% 6($(2%0 2(&4#"%0 (. 2#'%, 0%, >"(%, .)6(0%'%,
%. 4"#.2# /#&# ,(% 4#,)30(J ,( ).)/)%"> +. 4"#$"%&% '(
(6($(2%/)-. '(0 @"(% /#. (,4(/)(, .%2)6%, '(0 ,)2)#J (,2# ,(
"(%0)5%"> (. +. 2)(&4# .# &%1#" %
'7%,
,($+"%" ;+( 0%, &(')'%, '( 0)&4)(5%J "().2($"%/)-.J
"(<%3)0)2%/)-. 1 %3%.'#.# '( (,2#, ,)2)#,J ,( %9
+,2(. % 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, 2+"7,2)/#, ;+( ,( '(,%""#00%">. 4%"% (0
%4"#6(/<%&)(.2# '(0 (&3%0,(

%"% &)2)$%" 0#, )&4%/2#, 2+"7,2)/#, 1 (,2=2)/#,J ,( '(3(">. /#./(.2"%"


(,*+("5#, (. 0% "().2($"%/)-. '( 0%, 5#.%, '( (B40#2%/)-. +3)/%'%, *+("% '(0
>"(% '(0 (&3%0,(
# #3,2%.2(J 0#, ,)2)#, '( (B40#2%/)-. '(.2"# '( 0#, 07&)2(,
'(0 (&3%0,( '(3(">. "(/)3)" (0 '(3)'# 2"%2%&)(.2# 4%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(,2%3)0)'%' '( 0%, 0%'("%, # &>"$(.(, (0 (&3%0,(J (6)2%.'# %,7'(""+&3(, #


("#,)-. (. (,2#, ,(/2#"(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"%
D

" %D%
)

0 4"#4-,)2# '(0 (&3%0,( (, $%"%.2)5%" +. /%+'%0 '( %$+% 4%"% 0% $(.("%/)-.


'( (.("$7% <)'"#(0=/2")/% 1 0% "($+0%/)-. '( /%+'%0(, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '(
4"(,%
#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( 4"(6(.)" 1 '),&).+)" /+%0;+)(" 4#2(./)%0 %*(/2%/)-.
% 0% /%0)'%' '( %$+% '(0 (&3%0,( (, (,(./)%0 ;+( (0 4"#1(/2# ,(% 40%.)*)/%'# 1
&%.(9
%'# /#.,)'("%.'# (0 /#.2(B2# $0#3%0 '( 0% /+(./% '(0 "7# %3%
F+(6('# 1 0#, 40%.(, "($)#.%0(, '( '(,%""#00# (B),2(.2(, M %./# +.')%0J
N .2"( (,2#, 40%.(, ,( (./+(.2"%. (0 0%. .2($"%0 '( (,2)-. #/)#
&3)(.2%0 (0%3#"%'# 4#" ('($= (. (0 %P#
4%"% 0% /+(./% '(0 7#
+%1%,
0 &%.(9
# '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,( '(3("> ')")$)",(
*+.'%&(.2%0&(.2( % 4"(6(.)" # '(2(.(" 0#, 4"#/(,#, '( (+2"#*)5%/)-.J ;+(
$(.("%0&(.2( ,( 0#$"% %0 /#.2"#0%" 0#, .)6(0(, '( *-,*#"# 1 &%2(")% #"$>.)/%
'(,'( *+(.2(, %.2"-4)/%,
0 &%.(9
# '(0 (&3%0,( 2%&3)=. /#.00(6%"> 0% %'#4/)-. 1 &#.)2#"(# '( +.
"=$)&(. '( '(,/%"$%, %$+% %3%9
# '(0 ,)2# '( 4"(,% /#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( %,($+"%"
(0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( /%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#, (. (0 "7#
0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3% 1
E '(3(">. 4#.(" (.
4">/2)/% 0#, 40%.(, '( 2"%3%9
# 1 0%, #4("%/)#.(, ;+( &).)&)/(. 0#, )&4%/2#,
;+( ,( 4+('%. #/%,)#.%" % 0#, (/#,),2(&%, 1 %/2)6)'%'(, 4"#'+/2)6%, %$+%,
%3%9
# M4#" (9
(&40#J %$+% 4#2%30(J %$")/+02+"% 1 ")($#J (2/ N 4#" 0% 6%")%/)-. '(
/%+'%0(, 1 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(,/%"$%'%
XI.6.1.1

"

+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(J (0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


%3% '(3("> $%"%.2)5%" ;+( 0#, /%+'%0(, '( '(,/%"$% /+&40%. /#. 0#,
/%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#, 1 4#" (.'( /#. 0%, '(&%.'%, M")($# %$"7/#0%J /#.,+&#
<+&%.#J ')0+/)-.N %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% #, /%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#,
4%"% (0 4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/# %3% ,( /%0/+0%"#. (. 0% ,(//)-.
'(
6%0+%/)-. '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 '(0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0% '(,/%"$% %$+%, %3%9


# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% '(3("> ).,2%0%",( 0#,
).,2"+&(.2#, '( &(')/)-. %4"#4)%'#, 1 '(3(">. )&40(&(.2%",( 0#,
4"#/(')&)(.2#, 4%"% &#.)2#"(# '( (,2#, /%+'%0(,
( (6%0+%"> 0% 4#,)3)0)'%' '( ).,2%0%" (,2%/)#.(, <)'"#&=2")/%, M'( ,(" 4#,)30(
%+2#&>2)6%,NJ 0#/%0)5%'%, %$+%, %"")3% 1 %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
%, (,2%/)#.(, <)'"#&=2")/%, % ).,2%0%",(J % &>, '( $(.("%" ).*#"&%/)-.
).2(".% '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,("6)">. 2%&3)=. /#&# &(')# *),/%0)5%'#" '( 0% #3"%
%"% (,2#J ,( '(,)$.%"> '(.2"# '( 0%, +.)/)4%0)'%'(, '( /%'% +.# '( (,2#,
/%.2#.(,J # '(0 #.,(9
# "#6)./)%0 '( #, 7#,J +. (./%"$%'# 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0
'(0 /#""(/2# /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#, /%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#, '(0 7# %3% . 3%,( %
0#, "($),2"#, '( /%+'%0(,J <)'"#0-$)/#, 1 &(2(#"#0-$)/#,J +. /#&)2= '(
).6(,2)$%/)-.J 2(.'"> % /%"$# (0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0#, .)6(0(, '( '(,/%"$%
%4"#4)%'#, 4%"% 0#, +,#, /#.,+.2)6#, 1 (/#0-$)/#, %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,%
,2( /#&)2= "(%0)5%"> /#&+.)/%/)#.(, 4(")-')/%, % (.2)'%'(, 4O30)/%, 1 #2"#,
).2("(,%'#,J ,#3"( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, '( $(.("%/)-. <)'"#(0=/2")/% 1 '( 0#,
/%+'%0(, '( 2+"3).%/)-. "(;+(")'#, 4%"% 2%0 (*(/2#J /#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( ).*#"&%"
/#. %.2)/)4%/)-. 4#,)30(, '(,/%"$%, 4)/#, M&>B)&%,J &7.)&%, 1 (/#0-$)/%,N
( (,2% &%.("%J 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 1 4"#4)(2%")#, '( 4"(')#, %$"7/#0%, ;+(
+2)0)5%. (0 7# %3% F+(6('# /#&# *+(.2( '( ")($# 1 %3%,2(/)&)(.2#J 4#'">.
2#&%" 0%, &(')'%, .(/(,%")%, 4%"% &%.(9
%" (,2%, 6%")%/)#.(,
/#.2).+%/)-.J ,( '(,/")3(. 0#, /%+'%0(, &(')#, '( '),(P# ;+( '(3(">. ,("
#3,("6%'#, '+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. .#"&%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#
XI.6.1.1.1

% ,(//)-.
8 '(0 /%472+0# '( 6%0+%/)-. '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 /%0/+06%")#, (,/(.%")#, 4%"% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, 1 '(&%.'%,
<7'")/%, 4%"% (0 2"%&# '( 8 S)0-&(2"#, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% #,
(,/(.%")#, J 1 /+&40)("#. "(;+(")&)(.2#, 2%0(, /#&# ,(" *0+/2+%.2(,J
/+&40)" 0%, '(&%.'%, /#.,+.2)6%, 1 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, 0($%0(,
( 0#,
(,/(.%")#, /%0/+0%'#, ,( (,/#$)("#. 0#, (,/(.%")#, 1 J %0 ,(" ,)&)0%"(, 4%"%
0#, &(,(, '( 6("%.# M6(" *)$+"%
N 1 '( =,2#, ,( (,/#$)- (0 (,/(.%")# J
/#&# (,/(.%")# -42)&# 4%"% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# 4%"% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, 1 '(&%.'%, <7'")/%, 4%"% (0 2"%&# '( 8 S)0-&(2"#, %$+%,
%3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(
/

1/.

-5 ! #

))&,
-& -

80
! J

70

8 J
8 J

60
50

J8
8J
Qe3

40

Qe2

30

!J8

20

J
!J8
J

10
0
E

#2%? %0/+0%'# '( (,/(.%")#, /%0/+0%'#, 4%"% (0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M');+( N
0%3#"%/)-.? **)/`/)2%,J
8

% %30%
4"(,(.2% 0#, /%+'%0(, '(,'( +.)# % )/)(&3"( '(0 (,/(.%")#,
J (0 /+%0 /#.,)'("% 0%, '(&%.'%, '( ")($#J /#.,+&#J ')0+/)-. 1 (/#0-$)/%,J
4%"% (0 2"%&# %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M>"(% '( ).*0+(./)%N % *)$+"%
4"(,(.2% 0#, 6%0#"(, '( 0#, /%+'%0(, "(;+(")'#, 4%"% 0#, &(,(, '( 6("%.#
M=4#/% ,(/%NJ 0% /+%0 /#.,2)2+1( 0% =4#/% /"72)/%

!
/

I +

))&)0

-5 ! # -

+EBD

+KB4

51

)0B,

)0B0

)0B+

#2%? ,/(.%")# 4%"% (0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M');+( N


0%3#"%/)-.? **)/`/)2%,J
8

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

)EBD

+)B4

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(
/

))&0

1/.

-5 ! # -R# - -

30
!J8

25
J
J

20

!J8

15

Qe5
Qe3

Qe2

10

0
J

#2%? %0/+0%'# '( (,/(.%")#, /%0/+0%'#, 4%"% (0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M');+( N
0%3#"%/)-.? **)/`/)2%,J
8

0 /%+'%0 (/#0-$)/# % ,(" %'#42%'# '(3(">?


(" &%1#" % & L, 4#" /+%.2# (,2( 6%0#" ,( (./+(.2"% 4#" '(3%9
# '(0
"(;+(")&)(.2# 0($%0 M"(,#0+/)-.
AN
(" /#&# &7.)&#
& L, M T /%+'%0 &(')# &+02)%.+%0NJ 4#"
/+%.2# (,2( (, (0 &7.)&# 6%0#" "(/#&(.'%'# 4#" 0% 0(1J ,)(&4"( 1
/+%.'# /+&40% /#. 0#, +,#, /#.,+.2)6#, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ');+(
ME4#/% '( (,2)%9
( %.2) .)P#N
:0+/2+%.2( % *0+/2+%/)-. '(3("> '%",( (.2"( 0% =4#/% ,(/% 1 0% =4#/%
<O&('% 1 (.2"( 0#, /%+'%0(, (. 0% &),&% =4#/%
#, /%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#, '(2("&).%'#, '(3(">. ,(" &%.2(.)'#, 4%"%
/#.')/)#.(, '( 6("%.#, 1 /0)&%, ,(/#,
0 /%+'%0 (/#0-$)/# % %'#42%",( '(3("> ,(" &#.)2#"(%'#J %0 )$+%0 ;+(
0#, 4(/(,J &)/"##"$%.),&#, 1 #2"%, (,4(/)(, -0# 0#, &#.)2#"(#, %
0%"$# 40%5# /#""#3#"%">. 0% /#""(/2% %'#4/)-. '( 0#, /%+'%0(,
(/#0-$)/#, %;+74"(,(.2%'#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J (0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


%3% '(3("> $%"%.2)5%" (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#, /%+'%0(, (/#0-$)/#, 1 '( 0#,
"(;+(")&)(.2#, 1 +,#, /#.,+.2)6#, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M');+( N
4"(,(.2%'#, (. 0% %30%
XI.6.1.2

"

% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% M7.')/( '( /%0)'%'N '(0 7# %3% F+(6('# ,( (./+(.2"% (.
+. "%.$# '( /%0)'%' %/(42%30( 4%"% 0#, #"$%.),&#, %/+>2)/#, 1 4%"% #2"#,
+,#, #. (0 #39
(2)6# '( &%.2(.(" (,2( 7.')/( '( /%0)'%' ,( '(3("> %'#42%"
3+(.%, 4">/2)/%, '( ,%.(%&)(.2# M&%.(9
# '( %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, 1 '( &%.(9
# '(
'(,(/<#,N 1 3+(.%, 4">/2)/%, %$"7/#0%, (. 0#, /(.2"#, 4#30%'#, +3)/%'#, %0
).2(")#" '( 0% /+(./% %4#"2%.2( '(0 4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/# %3%
% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(,/%"$%'% %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,%J '(3("> /+&40)" /#.
0#, /")2(")#, (,2%30(/)'#, 4%"% (0 +,# '(0 %$+% '(,)$.%'# 1 ,(">. %;+(00#, '(0
.(B#
#"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 1 '( (,/%"$% '( *0+(.2(,? (/+",#
$+%Q )2+0#
($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0%
"(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-. &3)(.2%0Q )3"#
( 0%
%0)'%'
&3)(.2%0
(B2#
.)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-. (/+.'%")% '(0
).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2(
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-. ,4(/)%0 J %"5# J
XI.6.1.3

%"% &%.2(.(" 0% 3+(.% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J ,( '(3("> (6)2%" ;+( 0%,
6)6)(.'%, +3)/%'%, (. 0%, /("/%.7%, '(0 &),&#J '(,/%"$+(. %$+%, "(,)'+%0(,
,). 2"%2%" 1 "(,)'+#, ,-0)'#,
( '(3("> /#./)(./)%" 1 /%4%/)2%" ,#3"( ,%.(%&)(.2# %&3)(.2%0J 0%,
%02(".%2)6%, '( ,%.(%&)(.2# (/#0-$)/# M6(" (//)-.
N 1 '( "(+2)0)5%/)-. '(
%$+%, $"),(, M4"(6)%&(.2( 2"%2%'%,NJ (. %/2)6)'%'(, /#&# ")($# '( ,(&3"7#, 1
<+("2#, % 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, '( 0% #3"%J % 0% 4#30%/)-. '),4(",%J %,7/#&# %0
4(",#.%0 '( 0%, <%/)(.'%, (. (0 &%.(9
# '( '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, 4%"% (6)2%" ;+( (0
(&3%0,( ,( /#.6)("2% (. "(/(42#" '( "(,)'+#,
(3("> '),(P%",( +. 4"#$"%&% 4%"% 0% 4"#6),)-. '( 4#5#, ,=42)/#,
2=/.)/%&(.2( /#.,2"+)'#, 4%"% %,74"(6(.)" 6("2)'#, ')"(/2#, '( %$+%, .($"%,
,). 2"%2%&)(.2#
( "(/#&)(.'% %'(&>, ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% /%4%/)2( % 0% 4#30%/)-. ,#3"(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.6.1.4
%, .+(6%, /#.')/)#.(, /"(%'%, 4#" (0 (/#,),2(&% %"2)*)/)%0J ;+( /#.,2)2+)"> (0
6%,# '(0 (&3%0,(J 4("&)2)"> '(,%""#00%" /#. 4"#3%3)0)'%'(, '( =B)2# (0 /+02)6#
'( 4(/(, ( )./0+,# '( &#0+,/#, 1 /"+,2>/(#, ). (&3%"$#J ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%"
0#, (,2+')#, 4("2).(.2(, 4%"% 0% ,(0(//)-. '( 0%, (,4(/)(,J 0%, &#'%0)'%'(, '(
/+02)6#J /#.2"#0 1 &%.(9
# '( 0% (,4(/)( (. $(.("%0 ,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. '(3(
#2#"$%",( % 0% 4#,)3)0)'%' '( ;+( 0%, (,4(/)(, ,+9
(2%, %0 /+02)6# 4+('%. &)$"%"
1 #/%,)#.%" 4"(,)#.(, ,#3"( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, .%2+"%0(,
( &%.("% 4"(0)&).%"J ,( (,2%30(/( /#&# +.% (,4(/)( /#. /#.')/)#.(, 4%"%
'(,%""#00%" 0% 4),/)/+02+"% (. (0 (&3%0,(J %0 !
;
K <%&(
4(,%" ;+( %O. .# ,( <% 0#$"%'# &%.(9
%" 0% "(4"#'+//)-. (. /%+2)6(")# '( (,2%
(,4(/)(J (, 4#,)30( '(,%""#00%" 0%, (2%4%, '( /"(/)&)(.2# 1 (.$#"'( (.
(,2%.;+(, %0)&(.2%'#, /#. %$+% '(0 (&3%0,( #, (,2%.;+(, ,( +3)/%"7%. (.
0#, &>"$(.(, '(0 (&3%0,(Q ,)(.'# +. 0)&)2%.2( 0% '),4#.)3)0)'%' '( I,(&)00%G
;+( 2(.'"7% ;+( ,(" %';+)")'% % 0#, 4"#6(('#"(, '( 0% "#6)./)% '( %.%37
% 2)0%4)%J (, #2"% (,4(/)( '( *>/)0 %'%42%/)-. % 0%, .+(6%, /#.')/)#.(, ,2%
(,4(/)( (, ).2"#'+/)'% (. (0 /+%'#" 1 ,( /%"%/2(")5% 4#" ,(" ).6%,#"%
4+')(.'# /#.,2)2+)",( ">4)'%&(.2( (. '#&).%.2( '(.2"# '( +. (/#,),2(&%
*0+6)%0J %4#1%'% 4#" ,+ (0(6%'% *(/+.')'%' 1 "(4"#'+//)-. % 2)0%4)% 4#'"7%
/#.,2)2+)",( (. +.% %&(.%5% 4%"% 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,( 1 %$+%,
%3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,%J '( .# ,(" %4"#4)%'%&(.2( &%.(9
%'%
,74#" (9
(&40#J
(B),2( 0% <)4-2(,), ;+( 0% 4="')'% '( 0% ')6(",)'%' '( 4(/(, (. 0#, "7#, '( 0%
+(./% 3%9
% '(0 7# +%1%, ,( '(3("7% K(. 4%"2( % 0% ).6%,)-. '( 0% 2)0%4)%
M "")%$%J
N
.% %02(".%2)6% ;+( '(3("> ,(" (,2+')%'%J (, +2)0)5%" (,4(/)(, .%2)6%, 4%"%
'(,%""#00%" (B4(")(./)%, '( 4),/)/+02+"%
%, (,4(/)(, /#&# (0 3#/%/<)/# 1 0%
6)(9
% 4+')("%. ,(" /#.,)'("%'%,J ,). (&3%"$# <%3"> ;+( '(,%""#00%" 0%
).6(,2)$%/)-. 3>,)/% ,#3"( ,+, "(;+(")&)(.2#, %0)&(.2)/)#, 1 /%4%/)'%' '(
%'%42%/)-. % +. %&3)(.2( 0=.2)/#
'(&>,J 0#, (,2+')#, '(3(">. /#.,)'("%"
%,4(/2#, 2%0(, /#&# (0 )&4%/2# '( 0% 4),/)/+02+"% (. 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0
(&3%0,(J '(&%.'% (. (0 &("/%'# '( '(2("&).%'% (,4(/)(J (2/
XI.6.1.5

#
(

%, '(,/%"$%, '(0 (&3%0,( /#.,2)2+1(. +.% )&4#"2%.2( *+(.2( '(0 "(/+",#


%$+% ;+( 4+('( ,(" %4"#6(/<%'% 4%"% '(,%""#00%" (B4(")(./)%, (. (0 &%.(9
#
'( 0#, 4(/(, ( 4"#4#.(. '#, %02(".%2)6%,?
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(,%""#00%" (B4(")(./)%, '( 4),/)/+02+"% %$+%, %3%9


# '( 0% 4"(,%
(,%""#00%" (B4(")(./)%, 4%"% 0% "(4#30%/)-. /#. (,4(/)(, ;+( 4+')(,(.
,(" )&4#"2%.2(, 4%"% (0 (/#,),2(&% *0+6)%0 1 4%"% 0#, 4(,/%'#"(,
%"2(,%.%0(, # 4#30%'#"(, '( 0%, >"(%, /("/%.%,
,2%, %02(".%2)6%, '(3(">. '(,%""#00%",( (. 3%,( % 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0
&#.)2#"(# '( 4(/(, (,2%30(/)'# /#&# 4%"2( '(0 0%. '( #.)2#"(# &3)(.2%0
0 /#.#/)&)(.2# '(2%00%'# '( 0% ').>&)/% 4#30%/)#.%0 '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '( 4(/(,
.%2)6#, 1 '( 0#, 4%">&(2"#, '(0 (.2#".# (. ;+( =,2#, ,( '),2")3+1(.J 4("&)2)">
,(0(//)#.%" % 0%, (,4(/)(,J 0#, 0+$%"(, 1 0%, &#'%0)'%'(, '( &%.(9
# 4%"%
(9
(/+2%" (B4(")(./)%, (B)2#,%, '( 4),/)/+02+"% 1 '( "(4#30%/)-. (. (0 7# %3%
XI.6.1.6
% "(+3)/%/)-. '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '(3("> "(%0)5%",( +.% 6(5 ;+( 0#, /#""('#"(,
3)#0-$)/#, M/#"'-. 4(")&(2"%0 '(
&(2"#,NJ 1 0%, #2"%, >"(%, % "(6($(2%",(
1L# "(<%3)0)2%",( 4"#4+(,2%, (. (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#J ,( (./+(.2"(. (. +.
(,2%'# '( '(,%""#00# %'(/+%'# 4%"% "(/)3)" 0%, (,4(/)(, '( *%+.%
'(&>,J
'(3("> (B),2)" 0% /#.(/2)6)'%' 1 <%3(",( /#.,#0)'%'# (0 /#""('#" /#. /%&4#,
%$"7/#0%,J 40%.2%/)#.(,J 4%,2)5%0(,
0 4"#$"%&% '( "(+3)/%/)-. .(/(,)2%"> '(
&#6)0)5%/)-.J 4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# 4%$%'# 1 6#0+.2%")#J %,7/#&# /##4("%/)-.
'( #"$%.)5%/)#.(, 4O30)/%, 1 4")6%'%,
#,2(")#" % 0% "().,("/)-. '( 0%, (,4(/)(, (. 0%, >"(%, /)2%'%,J '(3("> "(%0)5%",(
+. I $
%
G '( 0%, (,4(/)(, 0)3("%'%, 4%"% '(2("&).%" ,+
'(,%""#00# 1 %'%42%/)-. % (,2%, .+(6%, >"(%,
0 )$+%0 ;+( 4%"% 0#,
4"#$"%&%, '( "(,/%2( 1 "().,("/)-. ,( .(/(,)2%"> '( &#6)0)5%/)-. M2(""(,2"( 1
%/+>2)/#NJ 1 '( 4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# 2%.2# 4%$%'# /#&# 6#0+.2%")# 1
(,2+')%.2(, '( 4"( 1 4#,2$"%'# '( /%""("%, /#&# 3)#0#$7% '( 0% /#.,("6%/)-.J
6(2(").%")% 1 5##2(/.)%
, "(/#&(.'%30(J ,+,/")3)" /#.6(.)#, '( /##4("%/)-. /#. +.)6(",)'%'(, 1
#2"#, ).,2)2+2#, '( ).6(,2)$%/)-. "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. (0 2(&%J ;+( 4+('%. (.6)%"
6#0+.2%")#, 4%"% 0#, &#.)2#"(#,
'(&>,J ,( '(3("> /#.2).+%" /#. (0
(.2"(.%&)(.2# '( 3)-0#$#,J (,2+')%.2(, '( 3)#0#$7%J 4%"%3)-0#$#,J
6(2(").%")#, 1 /%42%/)-. '( 6#0+.2%")#,
" %D%+

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

>

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 "(0%2)6%&(.2( 3%9
# '(,%""#00# '(0 0)2#"%0 /#&3).%'# /#. 0#, .)6(0(, 3%9
#, '(
*-,*#"# (. 0%, %$+%, '(0 (&3%0,( ,+$)("( ;+( (0 '(,%""#00# '( &%0(5%,
%/+>2)/%, *0#2%.2(, 2)4# 0(/<+$+7. # 0(/<+$% '( %$+% .# ,("7% +. 4"#30(&%
,(")# (. (0 (&3%0,( '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
0 /")2(")# /#.#/)'# /#&# I'(,%""#00# '(0 0)2#"%0GJ 4("&)2( /#&4%"%" (. (,2(
/%,# 0% 4"#3%3)0)'%' '( /#0#.)5%/)-. '( 40%.2%, %/+>2)/%, %"% (0 (&3%0,(
%3% (0 6%0#" (,2)&%'# (, '(
!
,2( 6%0#" ,( /#.,)'("% 3%9
# 4%"% (0 /%,#
274)/# '( 0#, (&3%0,(, #" (9
(&40# (0 '(,%""#00# '(0 0)2#"%0 4%"% (0 (&3%0,(
%+0( (")4% (, '( 8
# /+%0 (. 2="&).#, 4">/2)/#, ).')/% ;+( (0 (&3%0,(
%3% 2)(.( /#.')/)#.(,
6(/(, &>, 3%9
%, ;+( %+0( 4(")4% 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00#
'( 40%.2%, %/+>2)/%, (. 0% ).2("*%,( %$+% 2)(""%
). (&3%"$#J 0% 4#/% 4"#*+.')'%' '(0 (&3%0,( %3% /#&3).%'# /#. 0% %02%
4(.(2"%/)-. '( 0+5(. 0% /#0+&.% '( %$+% ;+( ,( (,4("% %0/%./( 0#,
&(2"#,
,+$)("( ;+( (0 &),&# 4"#4#"/)#.%"7% +. <>3)2%2)'-.(# 4%"% (0 '(,%""#00# '(
40%.2%, %/+>2)/%, (."%)5%'%, ,+&("$)'%,J 2%0(, /#&# 0% <)'")0% M>)
4
NJ 0%, /+%0(, 4+('(. /%+,%" 6%")#, 2)4#, '( 4"#30(&%, (. (0 (&3%0,(
.2"( (,2#, ,( 4+('(. &(./)#.%" (0 #3,2>/+0# % 0% .%6($%/)-. 1 0% 4(,/% (. (0
(&3%0,( 1 (0 ")(,$# '( %/(0("%" (0 4"#/(,# '( (+2"#*)5%/)-.
#. (,2#, %.2(/('(.2(,J (0 4"(,(.2( 4"#$"%&% 4%"% (0 %.(9
# 1 #.2"#0 '( 0%
%0(5% /+>2)/% 1 )%.#3%/2(")%, 4"#4+(,2# % /#.2).+%/)-. )./0+1( &(')'%,
4%"% (,4(/7*)/%, 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0 (/#0-$)/# '( >)
4
1 '( &%.("%
4"(6(.2)6% %//)#.(, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# 1 /#.2"#0 '(0 %/).2# '( $+% 1
)%.#3%/2(")%,
XI.6.2.1

#, #39
(2)6#, (,4(/7*)/#, '(0 4"#$"%&% ,#.?
"(6(.)" 0% #3,2"+//)-. 1L# &%0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '( 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,
<)'">+0)/%,
#.2"#0%" 0%, '(.,)'%'(, '( &%0(5% %/+>2)/% (. (0 (&3%0,( 4%"% (6)2%"
0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 4"#30(&%,? ')*)/+02%' (. 0% .%6($%/)-.J '),&).+/)-. '(0
#B7$(.# '),+(02# (. (0 %$+%J '(4#,)/)-. '( ,(')&(.2#, (. 0#,
%0"('('#"(, '(0 /+("4# '( 4"(,% 1 0#, &(%.'"#, '(0 (&3%0,( M'#.'( ,(
0#/%0)5%. 0% &>, %02% '(.,)'%' '(0 %/).2# '( $+%NJ 4="')'% '( %$+%
&(')%.2( (0 %02# .)6(0 '( (6%4#2"%.,4)"%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%.2(.(" 0% ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/% '(.2"# '(0 (/#,),2(&% '(0 (&3%0,(


%.(9
# 1 /#.2"#0 % &(')%.# 1 0%"$# 40%5# '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( &%0(5%
%/+>2)/% (. 0#, (&3%0,(,
#.2"#0 % &(')%.# 1 0%"$# 40%5# '( 0%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '(
/)%.#3%/2(")%, 2-B)/%, (. (0 (&3%0,(
#.2"#0 % &(')%.# 1 0%"$# 40%5# '(0 4"#/(,# '( (+2"#*)5%/)-. '(0
(&3%0,(
%"% +. (*(/2)6# /#.2"#0 % &(')%.# 1 0%"$# 40%5#J 0% &(9
#" (,2"%2($)% '(
4"(6(./)-. (. (0 (&3%0,(J ,("> 0% &%.)4+0%/)-. 1 (0 &%.(9
# (*(/2)6# '( 0#,
*%/2#"(, ;+( 4"#4)/)%. (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0% &%0(5% 1 /)%.#3%/2(")%,
).
(&3%"$#J %0$+.#, '( (,2#, *%/2#"(,J 2%0(, /#&# 0% "('+/)'% /%4%/)'%' '(
2"%.,4#"2( '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% 4#" %//)-. '(0 6)(.2#J %02%, 2(&4("%2+"%,J
%02% 0+&).#,)'%' 1 (0(6%'# 2)(&4# '( "(,)'(./)% '(0 %$+%J ,#. 4%">&(2"#,
.%2+"%0(, ;+( .# (,2>. ,+9
(2#, %0 /#.2"#0 '(0 ,(" <+&%.#
2"# *%/2#" (B2(".# ')*7/)0 '( /#.2"#0%" (, 0% "('+//)-. (. (0 %4#"2( '(
.+2")(.2(, <%/)% (0 (&3%0,(J '(3)'# % ;+( %4%"(.2(&(.2( (,2#, .+2")(.2(,
4"#6(.'">. '( *+(.2(, ')*+,%, 1 .# '( *+(.2(, 4+.2+%0(, )'(.2)*)/%30(, .2"(
0%, 4")./)4%0(, *+(.2(, ,( /)2%?
(,/#&4#,)/)-. '( "(,2#, '( 0% 6($(2%/)-. .%2+"%0 ).+.'%'% 4#" (0
(&3%0,( ;+( .# *+("%. (B2"%7'#,
(,/%"$%, '( %$+%, ,("6)'%, 1 '(,(/<#, ,-0)'#, '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(,
/)"/+.'%.2(,
(')&(.2#, 2"%.,4#"2%'#, 4#" (0 4"#/(,# '( (,/#""(.27% M0%6%'#, '(0
,+(0#N 4#" %//)-. '(0 %$+% '( 00+6)%
")%.5% '( $%.%'# 1 %$")/+02+"% '( /)/0# /#"2#
. "(,+&(.J 0% 4"#0)*("%/)-. '(0 %/).2# '( $+% (. +. <>3)2%2(B-2)/# (,2%">
'(2("&).%'% 4")./)4%0&(.2( 4#" '#, *%/2#"(,? (0 ,+&).),2"# '( .+2")(.2(, 1 0%
%+,(./)% '( (.(&)$#, .%2+"%0(, '( 0% &%0(5%
%, (,2"%2($)%, '( /#.2"#0 ,(">. /#&40(2%&(.2( (*(/2)6%, ,)(&4"( ;+( (0
&%.(9
# '( 0%, /+(./%, '( %$+% /#&# (0 /#.2"#0 ')"(/2# '( 0% &%0(5% ,(% 3)(.
')")$)'#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#" #2"# 0%'#J +.# '( 0#, &=2#'#, 4")./)4%0(, "(/#&(.'%'#, 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0
'( 0%, I
G '(.2"# '( +. (&3%0,(J ,("> /#.2"#0%.'# 0#, .)6(0(, '(
.+2")(.2(, 4"(,(.2(, (. 0% /#0+&.% '( %$+% '(0 &),&#
). (&3%"$#J '),&).+)" (0 %4#"2( '( .+2")(.2(, <%/)% (0 (&3%0,( ,("> +.%
2%"(% ')*7/)0 '( /#.2"#0%" (. /)("2%, #/%,)#.(,J (0 /#.2"#0 '( /)%.#3%/2(")%, 6% %
'(4(.'(" (. &%1#" $"%'# '(0 /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5% %/+>2)/%Q '(3)'# % ;+( /#.
0% (0)&).%/)-. '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% ,( 4"#'+/)"> +.% "('+//)-. '( 0% &%2(")%
#"$>.)/% 1 4#" 0# 2%.2# '( 0#, .)6(0(, '( .+2")(.2(, (. (0 %$+%
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2%. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( ,( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" 4"(6)# %0
00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J 4%"% %,($+"%" +. /#""(/2# /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5%, 1
/)%.#3%/2(")%,
XI.6.2.2

"

"

(%0)5%" +. ).6(.2%")# '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, 1 ,+


0#/%0)5%/)-. (,4(/7*)/%J 2%.2# (. (0 7# %3% /#&# (. ,+, "7#,
%4#"2%.2(,? )&3(J #"%0J #%/<)J ;+( /#.,2)2+1%. *+(.2( 4#2(./)%0
4%"% 40%$%" (0 (&3%0,(
#&%" /#&# "(*("(./)% 0% ).*#"&%/)-. /#.2(.)'% (. 0% 7.(% %,(
&3)(.2%0 '( (,2( (,2+')#J &#.)2#"(%" 4(")-')/%&(.2( 0% /%0)'%' '(0
%$+% '(0 7# %3% 1 %4#"2%.2(,J % *). '( (9
("/(" +. /#.2"#0 ,),2(&>2)/#
'( ,+ /%0)'%'J 4("&)2)(.'# %,7 2#&%" 0%, '(/),)#.(, %'(/+%'%, (.
2)(&4# #4#"2+.#
(.2"# '(0 *)2#40%./2#.J '(2("&).%" 0% 4"(,(./)% '( /)%.#3%/2(")%,
2-B)/%, (. (0 7# %3% 1 ,+, %4#"2%.2(,
,2)&%" (0 /#,2# (/#.-&)/# '( (0)&).%/)-. '( 0#, *#/#, 4#2(./)%0(, '(
4"#4%$%/)-. '( 0%, &%0(5%,J %.2(, 1 '(,4+=, '(0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
.6#0+/"%" % 0% /#&+.)'%' 0#/%0 (. (0 /#.2"#0 1 4"#1(/2#, "(0%/)#.%'#,
/#. ,+ &%.(9
#
(2("&).%" (0 %4"#6(/<%&)(.2# '(0 %/).2# '( $+% /#&# *+(.2(
%02(".%2)6% '( (.("$7%J /#&4#,2%9
( 1 %0)&(.2# '( %.)&%0(,
0)&).%" 0%, *+(.2(, '( &%0(5% (B),2(.2(, 4"(6)# %0 00(.%'#J '( "(,+02%"
2=/.)/% 1 (/#.-&)/%&(.2( *%/2)30(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.6.2.3

"

"

( )$+%0 &%.("%J ,( 4"(,(.2%. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( ,( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" 0+($#


'(0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(?
6)2%" 0% ).2"#'+//)-. %//)'(.2%0 '( 0%, &%0(5%,J 4%"% (,2# ,( 4+('(.
+2)0)5%" 3%""("%, '( /%P% $+%'O%
&40(&(.2%" 0%, &(')'%, '( /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5%,J '( 2)4# &(/>.)/#J
;+7&)/# 1 3)#0-$)/#J (. (0 /%,# '( 4"#0)*("%/)-. '( 0%, &),&%,
2)0)5%" &#'(0#, &%2(&>2)/#, 4"(')/2)6#, 3%9
# ')*("(.2(, /#.')/)#.(,
'(0 (.2#".#J 4%"% (,2)&%" 0% 2%,% '( "(/+4("%/)-. 1 (B2"%//)-. '( 0%
&%0(5% %/+>2)/%
),(P%" ( )&40(&(.2%" +. ,),2(&% '( (6%0+%/)-. /+%0)2%2)6% 1
/+%.2)2%2)6% '( 0% *0#"% 1 *%+.% %,#/)%'% %0 (&3%0,(
(2("&).%" 4#2(./)%0 '( #/+""(./)% '( &%0%")%J 4%0+'),&#J '(.$+( 1
(6%0+%" 4#,)30(, 3"#2(, (4)'=&)/#,
.%0)5%" 0#, 4"#30(&%, '( ).*(,2%/)-. '( &#,;+)2#, M6(/2#"(,N (. (0
(&3%0,(J ,) ,( 4"#'+/( +.% 4"#4%$%/)-. $0#3%0 '( &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%,
(2("&).%" 4#30%/)#.(, '(0 /%"%/#0 '(0 $=.("# )#&4<%0%")% (. 0%,
>"(%, '( ")($# 1 0%, >"(%, 4(")*=")/%, 4#/# 4"#*+.'%, '(0 (&3%0,( /#. (0
*). '( (6)2%" 0% (.*("&('%' (,;+),2#,#&)%,),
#.(" (,4(/)%0 =.*%,), (. (0 %.>0),), /+%0)2%2)6# 1 /+%.2)2%2)6# '(
/)%.#3%/2(")%, M/)%.#*)2%,N '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,( '+"%.2( 0%, *%,(, '(
00(.%'# 1 #4("%/)-.
#.2"#0%" 0% (+2"#*)5%/)-. '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,(J 0# /+%0 %1+'%"> %
/#.2"#0%" 0% 4"#0)*("%/)-. '( &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, 1 /)%.#3%/2(")%,
#.
(,2( *). ,( '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" +. "#$"%&% '(
#.)2#"(# '( 0%
%0)'%' '(0 %$+%
XI.6.2.4

"

# -

0 /#.2"#0 '( 0%, &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, % 4"(,(.2%",( (. (0 &3%0,( '(0 7# %3%J


"(;+(")"> 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( &(')'%, %'(/+%'%,J (.2"( 0%, /+%0(, ,(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

)./0+1(. &(')'%, 3)#0-$)/%,J &(/>.)/%, 1 ;+7&)/%,


%'% +.# '( 0#,
&=2#'#, 2)(.( ,+, 6(.2%9
%, 1 '(,6(.2%9
%,Q ;+( '(4(.'(">. '( 6%")#, *%/2#"(,
3)-2)/#, 1 %3)-2)/#,
#, &=2#'#, ;+7&)/#,J %'(&>, '( 0#, 4"#3%30(, (*(/2#, ,#3"( 0% *0#"%J *%+.% 1
,%0+' <+&%.%J (. 0% &%1#"7% '( 0#, /%,#, 4+('(. #/%,)#.%" #2"#, 4"#30(&%,
%&3)(.2%0(, +%.'# ,#. %40)/%'#, % $"%. (,/%0%J 0% &#"2%0)'%' '( 0% &%0(5%
%/+>2)/% #/%,)#.% /%7'%, %/(.2+%'%, '( 0%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( #B7$(.# (. (0
%$+%J 0# /+%0 %*(/2% 0% 6)'% %/+>2)/%
#, %$(.2(, 3)#0-$)/#, <%. ,)'# +2)0)5%'#, 2"%')/)#.%0&(.2( /#&# +.%
%02(".%2)6% % 0#, &=2#'#, ;+7&)/#,
+.;+( 0#, &=2#'#, 3)#0-$)/#, ,#.
/#.,)'("%'#, /#&# '( 3%9
# )&4%/2# %&3)(.2%0J 0#, %$(.2(, 3)#0-$)/#, 4+('(.
"(;+(")" &+/<# 2)(&4# 4%"% (,2%30(/(",( M <#&%5J
N
#, &=2#'#, *7,)/#, # &(/>.)/#,J ,) ,#. %40)/%'#, /#""(/2%&(.2(J 4+('(. ,("
/#.,)'("%'#, /#&# 0#, '( &(.#" )&4%/2# 4+(, .# '(9
%. "(,)'+#, 2-B)/#, .)
(,4(/)(, (B-2)/%, ;+( /#.2).O%. %/2)6%, (. (0 (/#,),2(&% '(,4+=, '( ,+
).2"#'+//)-.
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(2%00%. 0#, 4")./)4%0(, &=2#'#, (B),2(.2(, 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0
'( &%0(5% %/+>2)/%
XI.6.2.4.1

(2

# ?

#, &=2#'#, *7,)/#, # &(/>.)/#,J ,) ,#. %40)/%'#, /#""(/2%&(.2(J 4+('(. ,("


/#.,)'("%'#, /#&# 0#, '( &(.#" )&4%/2#J '(3)'# % ;+( .# '(9
%. "(,)'+#,
2-B)/#,J .) ).2"#'+/(. (,4(/)(, (B-2)/%, ;+( 4+')("%. /#.2).+%" %/2)6%, (. (0
(/#,),2(&% '(,4+=, '( ,+ ).2"#'+//)-.Q ,#. %&3)(.2%0&(.2( ,($+"#, 1 O2)0(,
4%"% "('+/)" 4(;+(P%, ).*(,2%/)#.(, 1 4%"% (0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( /%.%0(,
). (&3%"$#J ,) 0% (B2"%//)-. *7,)/% (, (0 O.)/# &=2#'# '( /#.2"#0 +,%'#J
(.2#./(, 0% '(&%.'% '( "(/+",#, 4#'"7% ,(" ).2("&).%30( % (B2"%//)-. *7,)/%
# /#.2"#0 &(/>.)/# ,( 4+('( "(%0)5%" 4#" 67% &%.+%0J # 4#" &(')# '(
&>;+).%,
% (B2"%//)-. &(/>.)/% % ,+ 6(5 ,( 4+('( "(%0)5%" &(')%.2( +.%
&>;+).% /#,(/<%'#"% (,4(/)%0&(.2( '),(P%'%J 1 2%&3)=. 4#" '"%$%'#
%"% ;+( (,2#, &=2#'#, ,(%. 6)%30(, ,("> .(/(,%")# (0)&).%" 0#, "(,2#, '(
6($(2%/)-. ,(&)/+3)("2% 4#" (0 %$+% ;+( 4"#4#"/)#.%. ,#4#"2( 1 ,)2)#, 4%"% (0
%./0%9
( '( 0%, &%0(5%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(2%00%. 0#, &=2#'#, *7,)/#, 1L# &(/>.)/#, *"(/+(.2(&(.2(


+2)0)5%'#,?
(&#/)-.

%.+%0

.# '( 0#, &=2#'#, &>, ,)&40(, (, 0% "(&#/)-. &%.+%0J 0% /+%0 <% ,)'#
+2)0)5%'% /#. =B)2# (. 0+$%"(, '#.'( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% #/+4% (B2(.,)#.(,
"('+/)'%, 1 0#, ).$"(,#, ;+( 0% 4(,/% 4"#4#"/)#.% ,#. &(.#"(, ;+( 0#,
,%0%")#, ;+( 4#'"7%. "(/)3)" 0#, 4(,/%'#"(, 4#" 00(6%" % /%3# (0 /#.2"#0 '( 0%
&%0(5% %/+>2)/%
.% '( 0%, 0)&)2%.2(, '( 0% "(&#/)-. &(/>.)/%J (, 0% 2%,% '( /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0%
(,4(/)(
,70% "(&#/)-. &(/>.)/% 4+('( *%00%" ,) 0% 2%,% '( /"(/)&)(.2# (,
&%1#" ;+( 0% 2%,% '( "(&#/)-. '( 0% (,4(/)(
,2% /#.,)'("%/)-. (,
(,4(/)%0&(.2( 6>0)'%J 1 /#.,2)2+1( +. 0)&)2%.2( 4%"% 0%, /#.')/)#.(,
/#.,2%2%'%, (. 0#, (&3%0,(,J '#.'( 0%, (0(6%'%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( .)2"-$(.#
1 *-,*#"# '(0 %$+% 1 0%, %02%, 2(&4("%2+"%,J 4"#4)/)%. %02%, 2%,%, '(
/"(/)&)(.2# '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% M
J
N
0 /#.2"#0 &%.+%0 (, '( 3%9
# /#,2#J ,). (&3%"$# (,2( '(3("> %40)/%",(
4")./)4%0&(.2( (. 5#.%, '( 3%9
% 4"#*+.')'%' /#&# 0%, &>"$(.(,J 1 0%
3)#&%,% "(&#6)'% '(3("> ,(" %0&%/(.%'% (. 0%, /("/%.7%, 4%"% 0+($#
2"%.,4#"2%"0% % >"(%, '(,2).%'%, 4%"% 0% '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 ,2% 3)#&%,% 4+('(
,(" (&40(%'% 4%"% (0 %/#.')/)#.%&)(.2# '( ,+(0#J 4"(4%"%/)-. '( /#&4#,2J
%0)&(.2%/)-. '( $%.%'# # $(.("%/)-. '( 3)#$%,
( %/+("'# %0 (,2+')# "(%0)5%'# 4#"
J '#.'( ,( (B40)/%. 0#,
"(,+02%'#, '( 0#, "%3%9
#, '( #.2"#0 '( %/).2# /+>2)/# (. (0 (&3%0,(
%+0( (")4%Q ,( '(,/")3(. % /#.2).+%/)-. 0#, /#,2#, '( 0% (B2"%//)-. &%.+%0
,)&40( (. 2="&).#, '( 9
#".%0(,
% /0%,)*)/%/)-. ,( "(%0)5- '( %/+("'# %0
2%&%P# '( 0% &%0(5%J 1 0% "(&#/)-. &%.+%0 (. (,( 4"#1(/2# ,( 00(6- % /%3#
+2)0)5%.'# /%.#%, /#. # ,). &#2#" *+("% '( 3#"'% ,2#, 6%0#"(, '( "(&#/)-.
'( &%0(5%, (. ,+4("*)/)( # 6#0+&(.J ,("6)">. '( "(*("(./)% 4%"% (0 4"(,(.2(
(,2+')#
%0(5% $"%.'(J & #
& '( &%0(5% 4#" +. 9
#".%0 %0 .)6(0 '( #")00%
%0(5% &(')%J & # & '( &%0(5% 4#" +. 9
#".%0 %0 .)6(0 '( #")00%
%0(5% 4(;+(P%J & #
& '( &%0(5% 4#" +. 9
#".%0 %0 .)6(0 '(
#")00%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 6%0#" '(0 9
#".%0 4%"% (0 4"(,(.2( 4"#1(/2#J '(3("> '(2("&).%",( 4#" (0 /#,2#
%/2+%0 '( 0% 6)'%J 1L# 4#" 0#, 9
#".%0(, 274)/#, '( (,2% =4#/% 1 '(0 ,)2)# '(
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(
0 "(2)"# '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% &(')%.2( (,2( &=2#'# '(3("> "(%0)5%",( +.%
6(5/%'% %P#J %4"#6(/<%.'# 0% =4#/% '( 00+6)%, M &(,(,N ;+( 4("&)2(. 6%")%"
0#, .)6(0(, '(0 %$+% (. 0#, (&3%0,(,
B2"%//)-. 1

0&%/(.%&)(.2# (. 0%2%*#"&%,

2"# &=2#'# '( (B2"%//)-. ,)&40( (, +,%.'# 40%2%*#"&%, *0#2%.2(,J /#.


"(9
)00%,
B4(")(./)%, ).2(".%/)#.%0(, '(&+(,2"%. ;+( (. /%,#, '#.'( ,( <%.
+2)0)5%'# 40%2%*#"&%, *0#2%.2(, /#. "(9
)00%,J /#&# ,)2)#, '( %/#4)# 1
(,/+"")&)(.2#J ,( 0#$"- 4#" 9
#".%0 0% (B2"%//)-. '(
& '( &%0(5% M (0 7#J
!N
%.)4+0%/)-. '( 0#,

)6(0(, '(

$+%

. &=2#'# *7,)/# %')/)#.%0 /#. 4#2(./)%0 4%"% /#.2"#0%" $"%.'(, >"(%,


/#0#.)5%'%, 4#" &%0(5% %/+>2)/% (, (0 '( 0% &%.)4+0%/)-. '( 0#, .)6(0(, '(
%$+% ,2( &=2#'# 4"(,(.2% /)("2%, 6(.2%9
%,? 3%9
# /#,2#J %,7 /#&# <%/("
)..(/(,%")# (0 ).$"(,# ')"(/2# % 0#, 0+$%"(, %*(/2%'#,J 1 ">4)'#, (*(/2#,
0
'(,/(.,# '(0 .)6(0 '(0 %$+% (. 0%, &>"$(.(, '(0 (&3%0,( 4+('( #/%,)#.%" (0
"(,(/%&)(.2# '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/%J ,). (&3%"$# (,2( '(,/(.,# 4#'"7%
%'(&>,J (,2)&+0%" 0% $("&).%/)-. '( ,+, ,(&)00%, +.% 6(5 ;+( ,( %0/%./(
.+(6%&(.2( (0 .)6(0 #")$).%0 '(0 %$+% 1 4"#6#/%" +.% "().*(,2%/)-. '(0 >"(%
M
J
N
=2#'# A)'">+0)/#
,2( (, (0 &=2#'# ;+( (. 2="&).#, (/#.-&)/#, "(,+02% ,(" (0 &>, 3%"%2# 1 (.
2="&).#, (/#0-$)/#, (0 &(9
#"J 4+(, .# %*(/2% (. 0# &>, &7.)&# % 0% /%0)'%' '(0
%$+% (. (0 (&3%0,(J (. (,4(/)%0 4%"% 0#, ")3("(P#, ;+( <%/(. +,# '( 0% &),&%
+%.'# 0%, /#.')/)#.(, '(0 .)6(0 '( %$+% (. (0 (&3%0,( 1 (0 4"#$"%&% '(
#4("%/)-.J %,7 /#&# 0% '),4#.)3)0)'%' '( %$+% 0# 4("&)2%.J ,( '(3(">.
(0)&).%" 0#, 0(/<+$+).(, % 2"%6=, '(0 6("2('("#
%'# ;+( (0 &#6)&)(.2# '(
0%, 40%.2%, (. (0 (&3%0,( 2)(.'( % "(%0)5%",( <%/)% 0%, /%3(/("%, '(0 &),&# (.
0+$%" '( <%/)% 0%, #3"%, '( '(,/%"$%J ,("> .(/(,%")# (&4+9
%" 0% 6($(2%/)-. /#.
(;+)4# &#2#")5%'#J &%.2(.)(.'# 0% 6($(2%/)-. /("/% '(0 6("2('("#J 4#"
&(')# '( 3%""("%, *0#2%.2(, '( 2"#./#,J <%,2% ;+( ,( %/+&+0( +.% /%.2)'%'
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,+*)/)(.2( 4%"% <%/("0% 4%,%"


,2% 4">/2)/% '(3("> ,(" +2)0)5%'% %0 &>B)&#
(,4(/)%0&(.2( '+"%.2( (0 4("7#'# '( 00(.%'# 1 (,2%3)0)5%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
0 '"(.%9
( 4("&%.(.2( 4%"% ,(/%" +. (,2%.;+( # 0%$# /#.2"#0% (0 %/).2# '(
$+% M &)2<
N ). (&3%"$#J (0 '"(.%9
( 4("&%.(.2( 4+('( ,(" +.
&=2#'# (*(/2)6# '( /#.2"#0 (. ,)2+%/)#.(, %4"#4)%'%, '#.'( 0% 4="')'% '(0
%$+% .# 4"#'+/)"> )./#.6(.)(.2(, % 0#, 4#30%'#, %'1%/(.2(, '( '(9
%" ,).
%$+% % 0#, %.)&%0(, '#&=,2)/#,J '(,2"+)" +.% *+(.2( 0#/%0 '( %0)&(.2#, M4#" (9
4(/(,N # 4"#6#/%" #2"#, (*(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, %'6(",#,J )./0+1(.'# 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, %$+%, %3%9
# M (0 7#J
!N
./).("%/)-.
+"%.2( 0% =4#/% ,(/%J 0#, 9
%/).2#, '( %$+% M0(/<+$+).(,N ,( ;+('%.
(,2%./%'#, (. 0%, ),0%, 1 #")00%,J 1 (0 (*(/2# '(0 ,#0 0#, '(,<)'"%2% 1 ,(/%
.
(,2( &#&(.2# ,( 4"#/('( % 0% )./).("%/)-. /#.2"#0%'%J 4%"% (6)2%" ,+
'(,/#&4#,)/)-. (. (0 (&3%0,( # ,+ 4#,)30( 3"#2%/)-. 1 &+02)40)/%/)-. M (0
7#J
!N ( "(,%02% ;+( (0 /#&4#,2%9
( '( 0% &%2(")% ,(/% (, +.% #4/)-. &>,
%&)$%30( /#. (0 %&3)(.2( ;+( 0% )./).("%/)-.

(4)/%'#
#"2( /#. &%/<(2( 1 % &%.# '( 0#, ")5#&%, 1 "%7/(,J +2)0)5%.'# 0% &),&%
40%2%*#"&% *0#2%.2( ,2( &=2#'# /#.,+&( 8 9
#".%0(, 4#" <(/2>"(% M (0 7#J
!N
""%,2"( 1 /#.*).%&)(.2#
#.,),2( (. (0 %""%,2"( '( ),0%, # &%./<%, '( 0(/<+$+7. % 0+$%"(, '(
%0&%/(.%&)(.2# 1 /#.*).%&)(.2# /("/%.#J +2)0)5%.'# 4%"% (00# /%.#%, 1
3%""("%, '( /%P% $+%'O%Q (0 /#,2# 4#" <(/2>"(% (, '( %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( U
M (0 7#J
!N
%, 3%""("%, ,#. '( $"%. +2)0)'%' (. 6%")#, %,4(/2#,?
6)2%. 0% '),(&).%/)-. '( 0%, &%0(5%, '(,'( >"(%, ).*(,2%'%, <%/)% 0#,
,(/2#"(, 0)&4)#, '(0 (&3%0,(J /#0#/>.'#0%, (. 0%, 3#/%, '( 0#, (,2("#,
;+( ,( (./+(.2"(. ).*(,2%'#, ( (,2% &%.("% 0%, 40%.2%, ,( &%.2)(.(.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#./(.2"%'%, (. +. ,)2)# *)9


# <%,2% ;+( ,( 4+('%. 2#&%" &(')'%, 4%"%
,+ 2"%.,4#"2( <%/)% (0 6("2('("# # (0)&).%/)-. &(')%.2( &=2#'#,
;+7&)/#, M<("3)/)'%,N
)"6(. 4%"% /#./(.2"%" 0%, &%0(5%, (. (.,(.%'%, 4#/# 4"#*+.'%,J ;+(
,( ,(/%"7%. %0 '(,/(.'(" 0#, .)6(0(, '( %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J #/%,)#.%.'#
0% &+("2( '( 0#, 0(/<+$+).(,
XI.6.2.4.2

I 2

#, /+("4#, '( %$+% '#.'( ,( <%. (&40(%'# 0#, 4"#'+/2#, ;+7&)/#,


&+(,2"%. +.% 3%9
% 2#B)/)'%' 1 4(",),2(./)% '( 0#, /#&4+(,2#, % /%0)'%' '(0
%$+% 4"(,(.2% +.% "('+//)-. 2(&4#"%0 '(0 #B7$(.# '),+(02# %0 '(,/#&4#.(",(
0% 3)#&%,%J 4#" 0# ;+( (0 4"#/(,# '( %40)/%/)-. ,( "(%0)5% 4#" ,(//)#.(, ).
(&3%"$#J .# (, "(/#&(.'%30( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. 40%. '( /#.2"#0 1
&#.)2#"(# '(0 +,# '( 4"#'+/2#, ;+7&)/#, ;+( 4+')("% /#&4"#&(2(" # %*(/2%"
0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J 1 4#" (.'( 0#, +,#, 4#2(./)%0(, 4"(6),2#, (.
(0 4"#1(/2#
( ,(" )&40(&(.2(%'#J (0 /#.2"#0 ;+7&)/# '(3("> "(%0)5%",( +2)0)5%.'#
<("3)/)'%, /#&# (0 J
&).%J <("3)/)'% <#"&#.%0 ;+( ,( '(,/#&4#.(
">4)'%&(.2( (. (0 &(')# %&3)(.2( %/+>2)/#
. /%,# '( 4"(,(.2%",(
4"#30(&%, /#. &%0(5%, '( 0#, $=.("#,
1 ' 4 J ,( '(3("> +2)0)5%" (0
<("3)/)'% );+%2J (0 /+%0 2%&3)=. (, ">4)'%&(.2( '(,/#&4+(,2# (. (0 %$+%
&3#, <("3)/)'%, ,#. %4"#3%'#, 4#" 0% $(./)% 4%"% 0% "#2(//)-.
&3)(.2%0 '( #, ,2%'#, .)'#, '( &=")/% (. /+("4#, '( %$+%
% %40)/%/)-. "(%0)5%'% &(')%.2( %,4(",)-. %="(%J %/2O% (. 2#'% 0% ,+4("*)/)(
).*(,2%'% 1 (. ,)2)#, ).%//(,)30(, 4%"% #2"#, &=2#'#, ,2( 4"#/(')&)(.2#
"(;+)("( '( 4#/# 4(",#.%0J 4("# '(3( ,(" &+1 (,4(/)%0)5%'# 4%"% $%"%.2)5%"
+. %'(/+%'# &%.(9
# 1 %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '( 0%, ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%,J ,+,
"(/)4)(.2(, 1 (0 4"#/(')&)(.2# '( %40)/%/)-.J (6)2%.'# (. 2#'# &#&(.2# 0%
#/+""(./)% '( %//)'(.2(, 1 %4#"2(, .# /#.2"#0%'#, '(0 4"#'+/2# %0 %&3)(.2(
#. (,2% %40)/%/)-.J (0 /#.2"#0 ;+7&)/# '( 0% &%0(5% ,( #32)(.( (.2"(
1
'7%, /#. '#, %40)/%/)#.(,J ,)(&4"( 1 /+%.'# ,( "(%0)/( %9
+,2>.'#,( % 0%,
/#.,)'("%/)#.(, '( '),(P# (,2%30(/)'%, 4#" (0 *%3")/%.2( 1 (0 %.>0),), '( 0%,
/#.')/)#.(, (B),2(.2(, (. (0 >"(% (,4(/7*)/% '( %40)/%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%, '#,), "(/#&(.'%'%, '( %40)/%/)-. 4%"% (0 J J


&).% (, '(
0)2"#, 4#"
<(/2>"(% (.
0)2"#, '( %$+% %"% (0 );+%2(, '( ! 0)2"#, 4#" <(/2>"(% (.
!
0)2"#, '( %$+%
+%.'# 0% %40)/%/)-. ,( "(%0)5% /#. %6)#.(2% (,
"(/#&(.'%30( ')0+)" (0 4"#'+/2# (.
0)2"#, '( %$+% (. /%'% /%,#J %'(&>, ,(
'(3("> +2)0)5%" +. *)9
%'#" M%')2)6# ;+( ,( %40)/% (. /#.9
+.2# /#. (0 <("3)/)'%NJ
4%"% (6)2%" 00#6)5.% (B/(,)6% ;+( 4+('% %*(/2%" % #2"#, 2)4#, '( 6($(2%/)-. (.
0%, #")00%, '(0 (&3%0,( M ($%
(2 %0 J
N
0

0)*#,%2# ,( +2)0)5% (. '#,), '( ! 0L<% M 8 S$L<% '( ).$"(')(.2( %/2)6#N


%.)*)(,2% +.% %02% (*(/2)6)'%' (. 3)#&%,%, &(.#"(, '(
S$L<% 4#" %"")3%
'( 0% /+%0 ,( "(;+)("(. '#, %40)/%/)#.(, ,2( <("3)/)'% '(3( ,(" %40)/%'# (. 0%
(2%4% '( &%1#" /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0%, 40%.2%, 1 .# 2)(.( "(,2")//)#.(,
0 <("3)/)'% );+%2(, %40)/%'# /#&O.&(.2( (. '#,), '( J S$L<% M
S$L<%N #" ,(" +. <("3)/)'% '( /#.2%/2# "(;+)("( '( &%1#" 6#0+&(. '(
%40)/%/)-. M%="(%?
0L<%J &%.+%0? J
0L<%N 1 .# .(/(,%")%&(.2( '(3( ,("
%40)/%'# (. 0% (2%4% '( /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0% &%0(5% M
J
N
. (0 &3%0,( %+0( (")4% ,( +2)0)5%"#. '#,), '( 0)2"#,L<%J 4#" 67% %="(%
'(0 <("3)/)'% J
J 1 ,#0# 4%"% ,+ +,# ,#3"( &%,%, /#&4%/2%, '( 0% &%0(5%
0 /#,2# 4#" <(/2>"(% *+( '( %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( U (.
%"5#J
J '(
%/+("'# %0 4"#$"%&% '( /#.2"#0 ;+7&)/# "(%0)5%'# 4#"
( %/+("'# /#. /#22(2%0 J ,-0# (. 4#/%, #/%,)#.(, ,( <% ).2(.2%'# (0 /#.2"#0
&(')%.2( <("3)/)'%, (. ).*(,2%/)#.(, $"%.'(, '( 9
%/).2# '( %$+%J 1 %O.
/+%.'# ,( <%. ).6("2)'# (.#"&(, "(/+",#,J /#&# (. +'%.J (,2( 2"%2%&)(.2#
<% 2(.)'# 4#/# (*(/2# MA%"0(1J
N
). (&3%"$#J (,2( &=2#'# <% ,)'# (B)2#,# 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0 '( ).*(,2%/)#.(,
4(;+(P%,J '( *>/)0 %//(,# 4#" 2)(""% # &(')%.2( 3#2(, M &)2<
Q
%&)(,#.
!!Q
+0)%. /#&+.)/%/)-. 4(",#.%0N 1 4%"% (""%')/%"
).*(,2%/)#.(, &(.#"(, (. "($)#.(, ;+( ,#. /0)&>2)/%&(.2( '(,*%6#"%30(, 4%"%
(0 /"(/)&)(.2# '( (,2% 40%.2% MA%"0(1J
N
). (&3%"$#J (,2( &=2#'# <% ,)'# (B)2#,# 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0 '( ).*(,2%/)#.(,
4(;+(P%,J '( *>/)0 %//(,# 4#" 2)(""% # &(')%.2( 3#2(, M &)2<
Q
%&)(,#.
!!Q
+0)%. /#&+.)/%/)-. 4(",#.%0N 1 4%"% (""%')/%"
).*(,2%/)#.(, &(.#"(, (. "($)#.(, ;+( ,#. /0)&>2)/%&(.2( '(,*%6#"%30(, 4%"%
(0 /"(/)&)(.2# '( (,2% 40%.2% MA%"0(1J
N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

*
>)
<
40%.2% %/+>2)/% ,+&("$)'%J /%4%5 '(
,+,2)2+)" 0%
6($(2%/)-. %/+>2)/% .%2)6%J %*(/2%" 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( 4(/(,J /%+,%"
).2("*("(./)% /#. 0%, %40)/%/)#.(, '(0 %$+% 1 4"#6#/%" )&4%/2#, %'6(",#, %0
<>3)2%2'( %$+% '+0/( M ( R ).2#.#
8N
#,(( %,4(/2# 6%")%30(J '( $"%. %&40)2+' (/#0-$)/%J /%4%5 '( /"(/(" (. %$+%
/#. /#.2(.)'# '( ,%0).)'%' %4"#B)&%'# %0 !T ;+( 4#,(( (0 %$+% '( &%"
MA%00(" 1 #2"#,
! N 1 /#. %&40)# "%.$# '( 2#0("%./)% % 0%, 6%")%/)#.(, '(
4A
) 3)(. (B),2(. %02(".%2)6%, &(/>.)/%, 1 3)#0-$)/%, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# '( (,2%
40%.2% %/+>2)/% /#.,)'("%'% /#&# &%0(5% 6(.(.#,%J (. 0% %30%
,(
4"(,(.2%. 0%, /%"%/2("),2)/%, 1 4"#4)('%'(, 2#B)/#0-$)/%, '( 0% &),&%
$+%0&(.2(J ,( ).')/%. #3,("6%/)#.(, ,#3"( ,+ %40)/%/)-. 1 "(,2")//)#.(, '(
%/+("'# %0 +,# '(0 %$+% 4"#1(/2%'#

!
.

! .;-!

.
# .

1.

# .

))& )4

! "

(;-

.!

- .*

! *

:0+")'#.(

(2<10
<(.10
a
M2")*0+#"#&(2
<10N4<(.10b
M <N
1")')#.(

# %./("7$(.#

);+%2

);+%2
)3"#&)'(
a8J!
)<1'"#')4
1")'# M J
? dJ d N
1"%5).('))+
&
)3"#&)'(b

%2($#"7%

*;; ?
$#,2#

6 .
-

M8
8

#0+30( (.
$+%
? ! 88

#0+30( (. %$+%
&$L& N
( '(,/#&4#.(
%0 %0#"
?
!

>B)&% #./(.2"%/)-. '(


+,# (.?
,2%.;+(, M
43N
%$#, 1 (,("6#")#, M
43N
4#" /)/0# %.+%0 '(0 /"(/)&)(.2#
"#&(')# '( %40)/%/)-. (.
%$+% (, '(
'7%,
c J &$L0 (.
(,4(/)(, '( $%00%, 5+0(,
c J! &$L
(.
"+/<%,
& (0)$"#,# %0 &(')# %&3)(.2(?

M!

. %40)/%/)#.(, 2(""(,2"(,J .#
/#0#/%" ')"(/2%&(.2( %0 %$+% #
(. >"(%, '#.'( (B),2% %$+%
,+4("*)/)%0
. %40)/%/)#.(, %/+>2)/%,J .#
,( /#0#/%" ')"(/2%&(.2( %0
%$+%J (B/(42# (,4(/)*)/%/)#.(,
'( (2);+(2%

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.

! .;-!

.
# .

1.

# .

))& )4

! "

6 .
-

(;-

.!

- .*

! *

0 2"%2%&)(.2# '( >"(%, '(.,%,


'( &%0% <)("3% 4"#'+/(
4="')'% '( #B7$(.# 4#"
'(,/#&4#,)/)-. '( <)("3%,
&+("2%, ,2% 4="')'% '(
#B7$(.# /%+,%"7% ,+0*#.%/)-.
'( 0#, 4(/(,J ,)(.'#
/#.6(.)(.2( %')/)#.%" (.2"(
L - L '(0 >"(% '(0 /+("4#
'(0 %$+% ( '(3("> (,4("%"
'7%, (.2"( 0#, 2"%2%&)(.2#,

0)*#,%2(

%2($#"7%
M <#,4<#.#
&(2<10N 01/)
.(

#44("J
<(0%2('
M 0$)/)'%N

#44("
%"3#.%2(

.'#2<%00

!
B%3)/1/0#M
NA(42%.(
J
)/%"3#B10)/

#0+30( (. %$+%
&$L& N
( 0)/+% % %02%,
2(&4("%2+"%
? !
8
),/)30( (. %$+%
?
8 8
M

),/)30( /#.
%$+%
&$L&0
?
!

#0("%./)% (.?
(/(,?
4&
A)("3%, ( :#""%9
(?
4&
($+&3"(,?
4&
"+,2>/(#,?
4&
-B)/# 4%"% (,4(/)(, %/+>2)/%,
0 c J &$L0 L 8<(.
/"+,2>/(#,
0 c J8 &$L0L 8<(.
2"+/<%,
%"% /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5%J
/#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( /#3"( '( J
% J 44&
+('( ,(" 2-B)/# 4%"% 2"+/<%
1 #2"%, (,4(/)(, '( 4(/(, %
2#B)/)'%' (. 4(/(, '(4(.'( '(
0% '+"(5% '(0 %$+% M'+"(5% '(0
%$+% ).*(")#" %
44&N
//)-. ">4)'% /#&# <("3)/)'%
(. ,+(0# # %$+%
+('( 0)B)6)%" % 2"%6=, '(
,+(0# (. (0 %$+% ,+32("">.(%
). (&3%"$#J 0% '($"%'%/)-.
">4)'% 0)&)2%"7% (0 $"%'# '( 0%
0)B)6)%/)-.
)6(0(, '(0 (.'#2<%00
,+4(")#"(, % J 44& (.
%/2)6)'%'(, /#&#
%3%,2(/)&)(.2# '( *+(.2(, '(0
%$+% 4#2%30(J #/%,)#.%"7%.
")(,$#, % 0% ,%0+' 4O30)/%
#/# 4"#3%30( %/+&+0%/)-.
(. 6)'% %/+>2)/%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.

! .;-!

.
# .

1.

# .

! "

))& )4
*

6 .
-

.
-

.!

(;-

- .*

! *

&+0,)#.% /#.
$+%
?
! !

J
)/<0#"#4<(
.#B1%/(2)/
/)'

")/0#41"

J J8
")/<0#"#
1")').10#B1
%/(2)/ /)'

&%5%41"

M
,#4"#410
(2<10
B#
&)'%5#0).
0N
)/#2).)/
/)'

),/)30(
+.2# '(
.*0%&%3)0)'%'
M eN
?
8

# %./("7$(.#

#0+3)0)'%'
&#'("%'%
+.2# '(
.*0%&%3)0)'%'
Mf J e N
?

#0("%./)% '( J 44& (.


4(/(, 1 /%.$"(9
# '( "7#
)(,$#, % 0% ,%0+'J ,) ,(
(B/('(. 0#, ! 443 (.
%/2)6)'%'(, /#&#
%3%,2(/)&)(.2# '( *+(.2(, '(0
%$+% 4#2%30(
#'("%'%&(.2( 2-B)/# 4%"%
4(/(,J 1 &+1 2-B)/# 4%"% %0$%,
( ).6("2(3"%'#, %/+>2)/#,
# (, *>/)0&(.2(
3)#'($"%'%30(J ,). (&3%"$#Q
3%9
# 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, /#.')/)#.(,
&(')#%&3)(.2%0(, ,( '($"%'%?
#" *#2-0),), 0% '($"%'%/)-.
(. %$+% (, '( 8J8 '7%,
%9
# /#.')/)#.(, %("-3)/%,
(. ,+(0# ,( '($"%'% (.2"( 8
1
'7%,
#" <)'"-0),), ,( '($"%'% (.
<#"%,
& 02%&(.2( 2-B)/# 4%"%
#"$%.),&#, %/+>2)/#,
0 (.2"( J 1 &$L0 (.
(,4(/)(, ,(.,)30(,
+('( /%+,%" '%P# % 0%"$#
40%5# %0 %&3)(.2(
*(/2% % #"$%.),&#, %/+>2)/#,

:+(.2(? <224?LL40%.2, )*%, +*0 ('+L$+)'(L,#.%"0%3 4'*


#2%,?
? # (2("&).%'#
0 ? )&)2( ("&),)30( %"% % )'% /+>2)/% M&$L N
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
J
8

1
0 /#.2"#0 &(')%.2( <("3)/)'%, "(;+)("( '( +. %02# ).,+&# '( &%.# '( #3"% 1
(;+)4#, &(/>.)/#,J 4#" 0# ;+( 4+('( "(,+02%" /#,2#,#
% ).,4(//)-.
,),2(&>2)/% +.)'% %0 2"%2%&)(.2# '(3( "(%0)5%",( ).'(*).)'%&(.2( 4%"% (6)2%"
0% "($(.("%/)-. '( 0% ).*(,2%/)-. % 4%"2)" '( 40%.2%, 1 ,(&)00%, '),4(",%, ,2(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#&4"#&),# % 0%"$# 40%5# (, /#. *"(/+(./)% ')*7/)0 '( &%.2(.(" 1 /#.,2)2+1(


+. /#,2# /#.2).+%'# MA%"0(1J
N
) 0#, "(,)'+#, ,#. (B/(,)6#,J (0 %$+% ,("> ).%'(/+%'% 4%"% /#.,+&# <+&%.#
# 4%"% )"")$%/)-. M .#.J
N
#, &=2#'#, ;+7&)/#, /+%.'# ,#. %40)/%'#, % $"%. (,/%0% 1 0% &#"2%0)'%' '(
0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% (, &%1#"J #/%,)#.% /%7'%, %/(.2+%'%, '( 0%,
/#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( #B7$(.# (. (0 %$+%J %*(/2%.'# % 0% 6)'% %/+>2)/% 1
4+')(.'# #/%,)#.%" &#"2%.'%' '( 4(/(, M
J
N
XI.6.2.4.3

#, %$(.2(, 3)#0-$)/#, <%. ,)'# +2)0)5%'#, 2"%')/)#.%0&(.2( /#&# +.%


%02(".%2)6% % 0#, ;+7&)/#, +.;+( 0#, &=2#'#, 3)#0-$)/#, ,#. /#.,)'("%'#,
/#&# '( 3%9
# )&4%/2# %&3)(.2%0J 0#, %$(.2(, 3)#0-$)/#, 4+('(. "(;+(")"
&+/<# 2)(&4# 4%"% (,2%30(/(",( 1J (. %')/)-.J (B),2( 0% 4#,)3)0)'%' ;+( (0
%$(.2( '( /#.2"#0 4+('% /#.6("2)",( (. +.% 4(,2(
. (0 /%,# '(0 %/).2# '(
$+%J 0#, %$(.2(, ;+( <%. 2(.)'# +. .)6(0 '( =B)2# (. (,2+')#, %.2(")#"(,
)./0+1(. (0 <#.$#
"
J 1 0#, ).,(/2#,? : /
/J :
//
J
$
;
J '
$
J 1 3 /$
M <#&%5J
NM
J
N
% ).6(,2)$%/)-. ,#3"( (0 /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# '(0 9
%/).2# '( %$+% /#&(.5- (.
8 1 0#, 4")&("#, %$(.2(, '( /#.2"#0 *+("#. 0)3("%'#, (.
%0"('('#"
'(
%P#, '(,4+=, M ("S).,J ! J ! N /2+%0&(.2( ,( +2)0)5%. +.# # &>,
%$(.2(, '( /#.2"#0 (. 4#" 0# &(.#,
4%7,(,
#&# /#.,(/+(./)%J (0 9
%/).2#
'( %$+% ,( <% /#.2"#0%'# (. %0$+.#, 4%7,(, 1 0%, ).*(,2%/)#.(, ,( <%.
"('+/)'# (. #2"#,
(), %"2"-4#'#, 1 <#.$#, <%. /#.2")3+)'# %0 /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# '(0 9
%/).2# '(
%$+% MA%"0(1 1 R ")$<2J
Q +0)(.
NJ 4("# 0%, (,4(/)(, ;+( <%. "(,+02%'#
&>, (B)2#,%, ,#. '#, 4)/+'#, M$#"$#9
#,N? : /
/ A+,2%/<( 1 :
//
R %".("J 1 +.% 4#0)00% '
$
% ,)2+%/)-. %/2+%0 (, ;+( ,( <%. '(,/+3)("2# %$(.2(, '( /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# (.
0%, >"(%, .%2)6%, '(0 9
%/).2# '( %$+%J %'(&>, 0% ).6(,2)$%/)-. <% '(&#,2"%'#
;+( (,2#, %$(.2(, .# 4+('(. ,#3"(6)6)" 1 "(4"#'+/)",( ,#3"( .).$+.% #2"%
40%.2%J (B/(42# ,#3"( 9
%/).2# '( %$+%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,2# ,)$.)*)/% ;+( 1% ,( '),4#.(. '( %$(.2(, '( /#.2"#0 /%3%0&(.2(


).6(,2)$%'#, 1 /#&4"#3%'#, ,2#, %$(.2(, <% ,)'# (B2(.,%&(.2( +2)0)5%'#, 1
0% (B4(")(./)% &+(,2"% ;+( ,( 4+('(. ).2"#'+/)" (. .+(6%, "($)#.(,J ,).
")(,$#, 4%"% (0 /+02)6# # (0 %&3)(.2( ). (&3%"$#J .# ,( <% 0#$"%'# +.
/#.2"#0 -42)&# (. 2#'%, 0%, ,)2+%/)#.(,J 4#" 0# ;+( (. 0% %/2+%0)'%' ,( (6%0O%.
#2"#, %$(.2(,
#, /#,2#, '( 0% ).2"#'+//)-. (. 0%, .+(6%, "($)#.(, ,#. "(0%2)6%&(.2( 3%9
#,J
4("# 0#, 4"#1(/2#, 2)(.(. ;+( ,(" ')")$)'#, 4#" /)(.27*)/#, (B4(")&(.2%'#, (.
(0 /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# '(0 9
%/).2# '( %$+% ). +.% ')"(//)-. (B4("2% (, 4"#3%30(
;+( 0#, 4"#1(/2#, *"%/%,(. 1 0#, (,/%,#, "(/+",#, ,( 4)("'%. 0 &#&(.2# (,
(B/(0(.2( 4%"% +. (B)2#,# /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# '(0 9
%/).2# '( %$+% (. 0% &%1#"7%
'( 0%, ,)2+%/)#.(, '#.'( 0% 40%.2% "(,+02( ,(" +.% &%0(5% (B-2)/% MA%"0(1 1
:#".#J
N
XI.6.2.5

"

# %, (,2"%2($)%, '( /#.2"#0 '( 0%, &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, (. (0 &3%0,(J


'(4(.'(">. '( 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '(0 &),&#? &#"*#&(2"7%J +,# '(0 "(/+",#
<7'")/# 1 $"%'# '( /#0#.)5%/)-. ( %;+7;+( (, /#&40(9
# %,($+"%" ;+( +.%
(,2"%2($)% O.)/% '( &%.(9
# 1 /#.2"#0 4+('% 00($%" % ,(" (*)/)(.2(
,74#" (9
(&40#J '(4(.')(.'# '(0 (,4(9
# '( %$+% % ,(" /#.,)'("%'#J (0 /#.2"#0
'( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% &(')%.2( (0 "(2)"# &%.+%0 4#'"7% *+./)#.%" (. (0 /#"2#
40%5#J 4("# 4%"% %0/%.5%" +. &%.(9
# 1 /#.2"#0 % &(')%.# 1 0%"$# 40%5#J #2"%,
&(')'%, 2%&3)=. '(3(">. ,(" %40)/%'%, ./0+,)6( ,( '(3("> (,2+')%" (0 +,#
4#2(./)%0 '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/% 4%"% 0% 4"#'+//)-. '( 3)#$>,J /#&4#,2%9
(1
%0)&(.2# '( %.)&%0(,
% %40)/%/)-. '( +.# # &>, &=2#'#, /#&3).%'#, 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0 '( 0% &%0(5%
%/+>2)/% '(3("> ,(" (6%0+%'# 4#" :)'()/#&),# K A J (. *+./)-. '( 0% =4#/%
'(0 %P#J '(.,)'%' '( /#3("2+"% '( 0% (,4(/)(J '),4#.)3)0)'%' '( "(/+",#,J
(.2"( #2"#, ( 2%0 *#"&%J ;+( 4+('% 4#" (9
(&40# )&40(&(.2%",( (0 =2#'#
<)'">+0)/# # '( '"(.%9
( (. =4#/% '( 00+6)%,J /#&3).%'# /#. (0 '( "(&#/)-.
&%.+%0J 4"(6)# (0 %""%,2"( 1 /#.*).%&)(.2#
,2( &=2#'# /#.,),2( (. (0 %""%,2"( '( ),0%, # &%./<%, '( 0(/<+$+7. % 0+$%"(,
'( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# 1 /#.*).%&)(.2# /("/%.#J +2)0)5%.'# 4%"% (00# /%.#%, 1
3%""("%, '( /%P% $+%'O%Q (0 /#,2# 4#" <(/2>"(% (, '( %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( U

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 "%.$# '( /#,2#, 4%"% "(&#/)-. &%.+%0 #,/)0% (.2"( U


<(/2>"(%

4#"

0 6%0#" 2#2%0 '(0 4"(,+4+(,2# 4%"% )&40(&(.2%" (,2% %/2)6)'%' '(4(.'("> '(
0#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0% /%&4%P% '( &#.)2#"(# M (" (//)-.
#.)2#"(# '(
%0(5%, /+>2)/%,N
" %D%,

)6(",#, /%&3)#, (B4(")&(.2%">. (,2%, /#&+.)'%'(, '+"%.2( 0%, *%,(, '(0


4"#1(/2# :%/2#"(, /#&# 0% '(,2"+//)-. '(0 <>3)2%2'( ")3("%,J /%&3)#, (. 0%
/%0)'%' '(0 %$+% M(+2"#*)5%/)-.NJ '),&).+/)-. '( 0%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '(
#B7$(.# '),+(02#J (.2"( #2"#,J #/%,)#.%">. )&4%/2#, ,#3"( %&3%,
/#&+.)'%'(,
#" 0# 2%.2#J ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. "#$"%&% '( #.)2#"(#
% '(,%""#00%",( '+"%.2( 0%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#
,2( "#$"%&% ,("6)"> 4%"%
'(2("&).%" 0%, 6%")%/)#.(, (. (,2%, /#&+.)'%'(, '(,'( (0 4+.2# '( 6),2%
/+%0)2%2)6# 1 /+%.2)2%2)6#J "(0%/)#.%.'# (,2%, 6%")%/)#.(, /#. (0 (.2#".#
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( ,(P%0%. 0%, &(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( (. 0%, *%,(, '(0
4"#1(/2#?
(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( 4"(6)# %0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
(%0)5%" +. ).6(.2%")# /+%0)2%2)6# 1 /+%.2)2%2)6# '( 0% /#&+.)'%'
40%./2-.)/% M*)2#J 5## ( )/2)#40%./2#.N 1 3(.2-.)/% (. (0 /+",# 4")./)4%0
'(0 7# %3% 1 %4#"2%.2(, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.J &(')%.2( 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +.
"#$"%&% '(
#.)2#"(# M (" (//)-.
#.)2#"(# '( #&+.)'%' (.2-.)/% 1 0%./2-.)/%N
(')'%, % )&40(&(.2%",( 4#,2(")#"(, %0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
#.2).+%" /#. (0 "#$"%&% '( #.)2#"(# '( 0% /#&+.)'%' 0%./2-.)/%
1 (.2-.)/% (. (0 (&3%0,( '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# 1 #4("%/)-. .
&%1#" '(2%00( '( (,2( "#$"%&% 1 ,+, #39
(2)6#, ,( '(2%00% (. 0% (//)-.
#.)2#"(# '( #&+.)'%' (.2-.)/% 1 0%./2-.)/%
" %D%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% ("#,)-. (, 0% 4="')'% '( 0% /%4% #"$>.)/% '(0 ,+(0#J 0% /+%0 (, ).'),4(.,%30(


4%"% 4"#6((" 0#, .+2")(.2(, % 0%, 40%.2%,
. #/%,)#.(,J 4#" 4"#30(&%, '(
&%.(9
# '( %$+%, '( (,/#""(.27% (. 2%0+'(, M4#,)2)6#, # .($%2)6#,NJ # (.
0%'("%,J 4+('( #/%,)#.%" 0% ).(,2%3)0)'%' '( $"%.'(, &%,%, '( 2)(""%J ;+( 4#"
$"%6('%' ,( '(,4"(.'(. (. +. *(.-&(.# /#.#/)'# /#&# "(&#/)-. '( &%,%,
'(&>, '(0 (0(&(.2# %$+%J (B),2(. #2"#, *(.-&(.#, ;+( %*(/2%. 0%
(,2%3)0)'%' '( 0#, 2%0+'(, 2%0(, /#&#? 6)(.2#J (B/(,)6% ,(;+('%' 1 0#,
4"#/(,#, ("#,)6#, .%2+"%0(,
#. (0 (&3%0,( 00(.#J 0%, #.'%, /%+,%'%, 4#" (0 6)(.2# 4+('(. /%+,%" ("#,)-.
(. 0%, &>"$(.(, %, #4("%/)#.(, ,+/(,)6%, '( 00(.%'# 1 6%/)%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
,#&(2(. % 0#, ,+(0#, '( 0% *"%.9
% '( #,/)0%/)-. % ,+/(,)6%, /#&4"(,)#.(, 1
'(,/#&4"(,)#.(, <)'"#,2>2)/%,J /#. 0%, /#.,)$+)(.2(, *0+/2+%/)#.(, '(0 .)6(0
*"(>2)/#J '%.'# #")$(. % '(,0)5%&)(.2#, 1 '(""+&3(, (. 0%, *#"&%/)#.(,
")3("(P%, 1 % %""%,2"(, '( 0#, ,+(0#, .# /#<(,)6#, M
J
N
( '(3("> /#.2).+%" /#. (0 "#$"%&% %.(9
# '( +(./%, ).)/)%'# '+"%.2( 0%,
*%,(, '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( M (//)-.
N
XI.6.4.1.1

+($# '( 0#, 4"#/(,#, '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, #3"%, '(0 4"#1(/2#J (0
:)'()/#&),# K A '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" +. "#$"%&% '( #.2"#0 '( "#,)-.
(. 0%, 5#.%, %0('%P%, %0 (&3%0,(J /#.,)'("%.'# ;+( 0%, .+(6%, /#.')/)#.(,J
4"#4)%, '( +. (&3%0,(J *%6#"(/(. % 4"#/(,#, ("#,)6#, 0)$%'#, 4")./)4%0&(.2(
%?
//)-. '(0 #0(%9
( (. (0 (&3%0,( M(B4#,)/)-. % 0#, 6)(.2#,
4"('#&).%.2(,N
+(0#, ).(,2%30(,
:+("2(, 4(.')(.2(,
0 "#$"%&% '( #.2"#0 '( "#,)-. ,("6)"> 4%"% (*(/2+%" +. ')%$.-,2)/# '( 0%
,)2+%/)-. '( 0% .+(6% 07.(% '( ")3("%J (6%0+%"> 0% )./)'(./)% '( 0#,
/#&4#.(.2(, ("#,)6#,J '(2("&).%"> 0%, >"(%, /"72)/%,J 0% &%$.)2+' '(0 4"#/(,#
("#,)6# M/&L%P#N 1 "(%0)5%"> +.% 4"#1(//)-. '(0 4"#/(,#
'(&>,J ,("6)">
4%"% '(,%""#00%" &%4%, '( ,(.,)3)0)'%' ("#,)6% 1 '(,%""#00%"> $+7%, '( /%'%
>"(% '(2("&).%'% /#&# /"72)/%
.2"( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( ,( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" 4%"% '(,%""#00%" +. 4"#$"%&% '(
/#.2"#0 '( ("#,)-. (. 0% /+(./% '(0 (&3%0,( ,( '(2%00%.?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(/#"")'#, *0+6)%0(, 1 2(""(,2"(,


($),2"#, *#2#$">*)/#, (,2%.'%")5%'#,
.,2%0%/)-. '( (,2%/%, # &%"/%/)-. '( >"3#0(, 4%"% '(2("&).%"
"(2"#/(,# '( 0%, &>"$(.(, M/&L%P#N
'(&>, ,( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" ).*#"&(, # "(4#"2(, 4(")-')/#, /#. *)/<%,
(,2%.'%")5%'%,J (. '#.'( ,( &+(,2"(. 0#, '%2#, 1 /#./0+,)#.(, #32(.)'#,
'+"%.2( /%'% %.>0),), '( 0#, ,)2)#, (,2+')%'#,
#" #2"# 0%'#J 4%"% 00(6%" "($),2"#, '( 4#,)30(, /%&3)#, '( 0%, 07.(%, '( ")3("%
1 &#"*#0#$7% '( *#.'#J ,("> .(/(,%")# "(%0)5%" 4("*)0(, 3%2)&=2")/#, (. ,)2)#,
4"(6)%&(.2( ,(0(//)#.%'#,J /#&# 4+.2#, '( /#.2"#0
,2%, &(')/)#.(,
4#'">. "(%0)5%",( /#. +.% *"(/+(./)% '( +.% 6(5 4#" %P#J 1 ,("6)"> %'(&>,
4%"% 6(")*)/%" 4#,)30(, 4="')'%, '( /%4%/)'%' '( %0&%/(.%&)(.2# '(0
(&3%0,(
% /%"2#$"%*7% $(#&#"$#0-$)/%J /#&40(&(.2%'% /#. 2"%3%9
# '( /%&4# 1 '(
0%3#"%2#")#J 4("&)2( (6%0+%" 0#, ")(,$#, '( ("#,)-. 1 '(,0)5%&)(.2#, (. 0#,
&>"$(.(, % &%$.)2+' '(0 4"#30(&% (, '(2("&).%'% 4#" (0 %./<# 1 0%"$# '(
0% *"%.9
%J 0% %02+"% 1 4(.')(.2( '( 0% &),&%J 0% .%2+"%0(5% 1 (,4(,#" '( 0%,
*#"&%/)#.(, ,+4("*)/)%0(, 1 ,+, 4"#4)('%'(, &(/>.)/%,J 1 0% 6($(2%/)-.
(B),2(.2(J %,7/#&# 4#" 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '( 0%, #.'%, %,#/)%'%, % 0#, 6)(.2#,
'#&).%.2(, 1 % 0% *#"&% '( 0%, ")3("%, M
J
N
( '(3( "(/#"'%" ;+( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% ).2(""+&4(J /#. 0%
'(/%.2%/)-. (. (0 (&3%0,(J (0 4%,# '( &%2(")% ,-0)'% .#"&%0&(.2(
2"%.,4#"2%'% (. ,+,4(.,)-. 4#" (0 "7# ,2# 4+('( 4"#'+/)" +. '(,(;+)0)3")#
*7,)/# (. /)("2#, 2"%&#, '(0 "7# ,)2+%'#, %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,%J 4+(,
).2(""+&4( 0% "(4#,)/)-. '( &%2(")%0 "(&#6)'# <)'">+0)/%&(.2( 4#" (0
(,/+"")&)(.2# .#"&%0 '(0 %$+%J '(,(,2%3)0)5%.'# 0% ,(//)-. '( (;+)0)3")# '(0
"7# M
J
N
#" (,2% "%5-. (0 4"#$"%&% '( /#.2"#0 '( 0% ("#,)-.
'(3("> )./0+)" 0#, 4")&("#, S)0-&(2"#, '( 0%, ")3("%, '(0 7# %3% %$+%, %3%9
#
'( 0% 4"(,%
XI.6.4.2

.% 2=/.)/% 4%"% (,2%3)0)5%" 2%0+'(, (, 0% )./#"4#"%/)-. '( I %""("%, 6)6%,GJ


0%, /+%0(, /#.,),2(. (. <)0("%, '( 40%.2%, 4("(..(, # '( 0%"$% 6)'%J ,(&3"%'%,
(. ')"(//)-. 4("4(.')/+0%" # 2"%.,6(",%0 % 0% 4(.')(.2( '(0 2(""(.# # % 0%
')"(//)-. '(0 6)(.2#J # (. /#.2#".# /#. (0 *). '( '),&).+)" (0 4#'(" ("#,)6#
'(0 (,/+"")&)(.2# # /#.2(.(" 4%"27/+0%, '(,4"(.')'%, 4#" ("#,)-. (-0)/%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0$+.%, '( 0%, (,4(/)(, 274)/%&(.2( +2)0)5%'%, ,#. "(4"(,(.2%'%, &(')%.2( 0%


%30%
8 ,)$+)(.2(?
!
-* 1 !
# - A
-

#
.. . - * * . .
/
5
#
$
,2#0#.(,J ")5#&%, 1 (&)00%
%,2#"(#
,2#0#.(,J ")5#&%, 1 (&)00%
%,2#"(#
,2#0#.(,J ")5#&%, 1 (&)00%
%,2#"(#
,2#0#.(,
#"2(
,2#0#.(,
%,2#"(#
(&)00%,
%,2#"(#
(&)00%,
%,2#"(#

- /-

"
)

*/
)

/
/)
% A

))&)D

:+(.2(? ">/2)/%, $"#.-&)/%, '( #.,("6%/)-. '( +(0#, .$(.)("7%


0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8
J
8

,2( 2)4# '( 4">/2)/% %$"#.-&)/% 3+,/% /#"2%" (0 (,/+"")&)(.2# 4%"% %,7
4"#2($(" 2%0+'(, '( ("#,)-. 1 4#" (.'( (6)2%" 0% ,(')&(.2%/)-. (. #3"%,
<)'">+0)/%,
%, (,4(/)(, +2)0)5%'%, '(3(. /#.2%" /#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, 4%"% ,("
%42%, 4%"% (,2( 2)4# '( %40)/%/)-.?
(.(" ">4)'# /"(/)&)(.2#
(" '( /#.*#"&%/)-. '(.,% 1 *#"&%" <)0("%, /#.2).+%, # /%,) /#.2).+%,
(" '( 4#"2( 3%9
#
(" 4("(..(, # '( 0%"$% 6)'%
(.(" "(4"#'+//)-. %,(B+%0 M&%/#00%,J ")5#&%,J (,;+(9
(, # 3+03#,N
4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0% ).6%,)-. '( &%0(5%, (. /%&4#, '( /+02)6#
#" O02)&#J ,( "(/#&)(.'% +.)*)/%" (,*+("5#, 4%"% ;+( (0 2)4# '( 6($(2%/)-.
,(0(//)#.%'%J .# ,#0# 4#,)3)0)2( 0% (,2%3)0)'%' '( 0#, 2%0+'(,J ,).# ;+(
3(.(*)/)( % 0% 4"(,("6%/)-. '( (,4(/)(, (.'=&)/%, 1 %&(.%5%'%, '( 0% 5#.%
" %D%4

%
"$%.)5%/)-.
+.')%0 '( 0% %0+' M
N (0%3#"- +.% ,(")( '(
"(/#&(.'%/)#.(, % 0% #&),)-. +.')%0 '( "(,%, MR #"0' #&&),,)#. #.
%&, R
N "(,4(/2# % ,%0+' 4O30)/% 4%"% ;+( ,(%. )./#"4#"%'%, /+%.'# ,(
(9
(/+2%. 4"#1(/2#, ;+( ).6#0+/"%. (&3%0,(, MR A J
N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%, 4")./)4%0(, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, %40)/%30(, %0 "#1(/2#


,( '(,/")3(. % /#.2).+%/)-.?

+02)4"#4-,)2#

I ./0+)" +.% 6%0+%/)-. '( &4%/2#, % 0% %0+' M N /#&# +.


/#&4#.(.2( ).2($"%0 (. 0% *%,( '( 40%.(%&)(.2# '( +.% 4"(,% 1 #2"#,
4"#1(/2#, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% G
. (,2( (,2+')# ,( <%. )'(.2)*)/%'# 0#, )&4%/2#, % 0% ,%0+' &>, "(0(6%.2(,
'( %/+("'# % 0%, /#.')/)#.(, ;+( 4"(,(.2% 0% 5#.% '#.'( ,( %,(.2%"> (0
4"#1(/2# %, &(')'%, %;+7 4"#4+(,2%, '(3(">. ,(" (6%0+%'%, 4#" (0
#"$%.),&# '( ,%0+' /#""(,4#.')(.2( 1 '( ,(" .(/(,%")# ,( %.%0)5%"> 0%
*%/2)3)0)'%' '( "(%0)5%" +. (,2+')# '( )&4%/2#, % 0% ,%0+' 4"(6)# % 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, #3"%,
(,%""#00# '( /%4%/)'%'(, I (,%""#00%" +.% %4"#4)%'% /%4%/)'%' 4%"%
(6%0+%" 0#, )&4%/2#, % 0% ,%0+' 1 4%"% 0%, .(/(,)'%'(, '( %'&).),2"%/)-.
'( ,%0+' '( 0% /#&+.)'%' (. 0#, ,(/2#"(, "(,4#.,%30(, 4#" 0% 4"(,% %"%
'(,%""#00%" (,2% /%4%/)'%' ,( .(/(,)2% 2(.("? +. &%"/# 4#072)/#J %""($0#,
).2(").,2)2+/)#.%0(, (*(/2)6#, 1 4(",#.%0 /%4%/)2%'# %4"#4)%'%&(.2( (. 0%,
).,2)2+/)#.(, &>, "(0(6%.2(,
.)6(0 ).2(".%/)#.%0J 0% "$%.)5%/)-. +.')%0 '( 0% %0+' (, 0% %$(./)%
).')/%'% 4%"% 4"#4#"/)#.%" +. &%"/# 4%"% 0% (6%0+%/)-. '(0 )&4%/2# '( 0%
,%0+' '( 0#, 4"#1(/2#, '( '(,%""#00# '( /+(./%, 1 4"(,%, G
%
*
"
!
) M
N
% 2"%6=, '(0 :)'()/#&),# K A J '(3("> ,(" (0 #"$%.),&# (./%"$%'# '(
#"$%.)5%" 0#, %""($0#, ).,2)2+/)#.%0(, "(,4(/2)6#, /#. (0 *). '( ;+( (B),2%
+.% /%4%/)'%' '( "(,4+(,2% ).,2%0%'% %4"#4)%'% (. 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, '(
).*0+(./)% ')"(/2% '(0 4"#1(/2# 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 1 (6)2%" (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0%,
(.*("&('%'(, %.2(, '(,/")2%, ,2% (B4(")(./)% '(3("> ,(" )./#"4#"%'% (.
4"#1(/2#, ,)&)0%"(,
#, 0).(%&)(.2#, 4"#6),2#, 4#" 0%
'(3(">.
,("6)" '( $+7% 4%"% (,2( 4"#/(,#
"(,+4+(,2%" 4%"% 0% ,%0+' I 0 /#&4#.(.2( ,%0+' ,( '(3( 4"(,+4+(,2%" 1
.($#/)%" /#&# +. /#&4#.(.2( ,(4%"%'# 4%"% 4"(,("6%" 1 &(9
#"%" 0% ,%0+'
'( &%.("% (*(/2)6% (. 0% 5#.% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#
+%0;+)("
4"(,+4+(,2# % 0% ,%0+' %,)$.%'# (. (0 /#.2(B2# '( +. 4"#1(/2# '( 4"(,%
'(3( ,(" +2)0)5%'# 4")./)4%0&(.2( 4%"% %//)#.(, 4"(6(.2)6%,J 1
,(/+.'%")%&(.2( 4%"% "(*#"5%" 0#, ,("6)/)#, '( ,%0+'J /#. +. (;+)0)3")#
-42)&# '(/)')'# ,#3"( 0% 3%,( '( /%'% /%,# %0 ).6(",)-. (. ,%0+' .#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'(3( /#.,)'("%",( +. ,+3,2)2+2# 4%"% (0 ,),2(&% (B),2(.2( '( %,),2(./)%


&=')/% G
. (0 /+%'#" (0 ,),2(&% '( ,%0+' (, '(*)/)2%")# 1 4#" (.'( (,
)&4"(,/).')30( ;+( 0%, &(')'%, '( &)2)$%/)-. "(,4(/2# % 0% ,%0+' 4O30)/%
%,#/)%'%, % 0#, )&4%/2#, 4#" 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# %3%J ,(%.
/0%"%&(.2( )'(.2)*)/%, 1 2"%'+/)'%, % /#,2#, ( (,2% &%.("% 4+('(. ,("
4"(,+4+(,2%'%, % 2)(&4# 1 '( (,2% *#"&% (6)2%" ;+( ,(%. %,+&)'#, (.
O02)&% &#&(.2# 4#" (0 ,),2(&% '( ,%0+' 4O30)/# '( 0% /#&+.)'%' # '( 0%
"($)-. 1 (. (0 4(#" '( 0#, (,/(.%")#, ;+( .# ,(%. %2(.')'#,
")#")5%" 0#, %,+.2#, ,#3"( ,%0+' I , )&4#"2%.2( ;+( 0%, 4")#")'%'(, '( 0%
,%0+' .# ,(%. 4"( 9
+5$%'%,J 4("&)2)(.'# ;+( (,2%, ,+"9
%. '(0 %.>0),), '(
)&4%/2#, % 0% ,%0+' 1 0% /#.,+02% % 0% /#&+.)'%' G
//)-. #")(.2%'% % 0% ).6(,2)$%/)-.
I . *#.'# (,4(/)%0 '(3( ,("
'(,2).%'# <%/)% 0% ).6(,2)$%/)-. (. 4"#1(/2#, (B),2(.2(, '( /#.,2"+//)-.
'( (&3%0,(, 4%"% *#"2%0(/(" 0% %/2+%0 3%,( '( /#.#/)&)(.2#J 4%"% &(9
#"%"
0#, "(,+02%'#, "(,4(/2# % ,%0+' 1 (,2%30(/(" 2=/.)/%, (*(/2)6%, '( &%.(9
# '(
")(,$#, G
,2( 4+.2# ,( '(3("> /#.,)'("%" (. (0 /#.6(.)# ;+( ,( "(%0)/( (.2"( 0%,
).,2)2+/)#.(, (./%"$%'%, '( 0% ,%0+' 1 0% (./%"$%'% '( (9
(/+2%" (0
"#1(/2#, %3%
XI.6.5.1

"

#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( /+&40)" 0%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '( 0% "$%.)5%/)-.
'( 0% %0+' 1 0% #&),)-. +.')%0 '( "(,%, ,( 4"#4#.(?

+.')%0

(%0)5%" +. /#.6(.)# '( /##4("%/)-. (.2"( 0%, %+2#")'%'(, '(0 ).),2(")# '(
%0+' O30)/%J (.*#/%'# <%/)% (0 (.2"# '( %0+' '( +(.% := 4%"% ;+( ,(
(./+(.2"( (. /%4%/)'%' '( <%/(" *"(.2( % 0#, )&4%/2#, 4"(6),2#, 4#" 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, #3"%, '( 0% "(4"(,% . 0% %/2+%0)'%' (0 +3/(.2"#
*+./)#.% /#. %+2# $(,2)-. 4#" 0% (,/%,(5'( "(/+",#,
0 %4#1# 4+('( ,(" *).%./)("#J 2=/.)/#J ('+/%2)6# 1 <+&%.# 1 '(3(">
%,($+"%" %0 &(.#,?
"#6),)-. %'(/+%'% '( &(')/).%, # &%2(")%0(, /#&# ,+("#, %.2)#*7')/#,J
6%/+.%,J (2/ J 4%"% ;+( 4+('%. "(,4#.'(" '( &%.("% "(,4#.,%30( %.2( 0%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(.*("&('%'(, # (&("$(./)%, 4"(6),2%, 4#" 0% (9


(/+/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
(
'(3( %4#1%" 0%, ).6(,2)$%/)#.(, (2.#3#2>.)/%, ,#3"( (0 +,# '( 40%.2%,
.%2)6%, /#&# %.27'#2#, 4%"% 6(.(.#, '( ,("4)(.2(,J ;+( ,( 00(6%. % /%3#
(. (0 .#"#//)'(.2( '(0 4%7,
"(4%"%/)-. 1 (.2"(.%&)(.2# %4"#4)%'# '( 0#, &=')/#, 1 #2"#,
4"#*(,)#.%0(, '( 0% ,%0+' 4%"% %*"#.2%" 0#, )&4%/2#, )'(.2)*)/%'#, 4#" (0
4"(,(.2( (,2+')# %'(&>, '( #2"#, ;+( ,(%. '(2(/2%'#, % 0# 0%"$# '(0
4"#/(,# 1 (. "(0%/)-. /#. (0 "#1(/2#
#, 2(&%, (. 0#, /+%0(, 0#, 4"#*(,)#.%0(, M1 4#30%/)-. (. %0$+.#,
/%,#,N '(3(">. (,2%" /%4%/)2%'#, 1 (.2"(.%'#, ,#.?
"#/(')&)(.2#, '(
$(.("%'%, 4#" 6(/2#"(,

'( 0%, (.*("&('%'(,

(')/).% 4"(6(.2)6%J 0(6%.2%&)(.2# '( ).*#"&%/)-.J ).6(,2)$%/)-.


1 &#.)2#"(#
#"&% 2=/.)/% ,#3"( 4"(6(./)-. 1 2"%2%&)(.2# '( %//)'(.2(, 4#"
&#"'('+"% '( ,("4)(.2(, ( ).6("2(3"%'#, 4#.5#P#,#, 4%"%
'),&).+)" 0#, ")(,$#, ).<("(.2(, % 0% &%.)4+0%/)-. '( #*)')#,
6(.(.#,#,J (. /%,# '( (./#.2"%",( /#. (00#, '(&>, '( /<%"0%, '(
/#./)(./)%/)-. 1 4"(6(./)-. '( &#"'('+"%, 1 +,# '( ,+("#,
%'(/+%'#,
XI.6.5.2

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2%. %0$+.%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, 4">/2)/%, "(,+02%'# '(


0% (B4(")(./)% 4%"% 4"(6(.)" (0 )./"(&(.2# '( 6(/2#"(, (. 4"#1(/2#, '(
"(4"(,%,J 4"#6),2%, 4#" 0% "$%.)5%/)-. +.')%0 '( 0% %0+' M
J
N?
)&4)(5% '( 0% 6($(2%/)-. 4"(6)% 0% ).+.'%/)-. '(0 2(""(.# 4%"% "('+/)"
0#, /")%'("#, '( &#,;+)2#,
3

2
9
>
9
% ) 0%, ")3("%, '( 0#, /+",#, '(
%$+% (,2>. /+3)("2%, /#. 6($(2%/)-.J ,( "('+/( 0% 6(0#/)'%' '( 0% /#"")(.2(
'( %$+% 1 ,( 4"#'+/(. "(*+$)#, 4%"% &#,;+)2#, 1 /%"%/#0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3
,2% ).'+/( 0%
%4%")/)-. '( /")%'("#, '( &#,;+)2#, '(&>, 0% 6($(2%/)-. 4"#4#"/)#.%
"(/)4)(.2(, '( %$+% .%2+"%0(,J 0#, &#,;+)2#, (,2%30(/(">. %007,+, /")%'("#,
M(9 3"#&(0)>/(%,J )./0+1(.'# 0%, 4)P%,Q 40>2%.#,J 3%&3OJ /#0#/%/)% 1
2"#./#, '( >"3#0(, (. 4+2"(*%//)-.N
.

>

3
3

#, &(/%.),&#, '( /#.2"#0 3)#0-$)/# ).6#0+/"%. 0% ).2"#'+//)-. '( /)("2#,


4"('%'#"(, .%2+"%0(,J 2%0(, /#&# 0%, .).*%, '( 0%, 0)3=0+0%, 1 4(/(,J ;+( %0 ,("
.+&("#,#,J /#.2")3+)">. %0 /#.2"#0 '( 6(/2#"(,
) ')/<#, 4"('%'#"(,
.%2+"%0(, /#.2")3+1(. %0 /#.2"#0 '( 6(/2#"(,J '(3(. 4"#2($(",( &(')%.2( +.%
/+)'%'#,% ,(0(//)-. '( 0%, &(')'%, '( 0+/<% %.2)6(/2#")%0J 2%0(, /#&# 0#,
2"%2%&)(.2#, /#. ).,(/2)/)'%, 1 0#, (,;+(&%, '( %40)/%/)-.J '( &%.("% '( .#
%*(/2%"0#, #, /")%'("#, '( 4(/(, '(3(. ,#&(2(",( % '"(.%9
( # % "#2%/)-.
4(")-')/% '(0 %$+%J 4%"% "('+/)" 0#, ")(,$#, '( (,;+),2#,#&)%,),

XI.6.5.3

"

. 0%, %$+%, 0=.2)/%, (, /#&O. 0% 4"#0)*("%/)-. '( 0%"6%, '( ).,(/2#,J


6(/2#"(, '( (.*("&('%'(, 2"#4)/%0(, 2%0(, /#&# 0% &%0%")% 1 (0 '(.$+(J 0#,
;+( #/%,)#.%. %02#, 7.')/(, '( &#"3)0)'%' 1 &#"2%0)'%' (. 0%, 4#30%/)#.(,
"+"%0(, 1 +"3%.%,
%, >"(%, %'1%/(.2(, % 0% #")00% '(0 (&3%0,( ,( /%"%/2(")5%">. 4#" 4"(,(.2%"
4#/% 4"#*+.')'%' %,7 /#&# 6($(2%/)-.Q %&3#, *%/2#"(, /#.,2)2+1(.
/#.')/)#.(, *%6#"%30(, 4%"% 0% 4"#0)*("%/)-. '( 0%"6%, '( &#,;+)2#,J
)./"(&(.2>.'#,( 0%, 4#,)3)0)'%'(, '( 2"%.,&),)-. '( (.*("&('%'(,
.% #4/)-. 6>0)'% K(.2"( #2"%, &(')'%, '( /#.2"#0 ;+( ,( %40);+(. 4%"%
&)2)$%" (0 '(,%""#00# '( 0%"6%, '( &#,;+)2#,J (, 0% ).2"#'+//)-. '( 4(/(, ;+(
%/2O(. /#&# I'(4"('%'#"(,G '( 0%, 0%"6%, '( 0#, &#,;+)2#, ;+( ,( 4+')("(.
'(,%""#00%" % .)6(0 ,+4("*)/)%0 (. 0% /#0+&.% '( %$+% % ).2"#'+//)-. '(0 4(5
'( 0% (,4(/)(
;;
/#.,2)2+1( +.% %02(".%2)6% 4#" ,+, <>3)2#,
%0)&(.2)/)#,J ,+ /)/0# 3)#0-$)/# 1 0% *>/)0 %'%42%/)-. % 0#, %&3)(.2(, 0=.2)/#,
. 0% %30%
! ,( "(,+&( ).*#"&%/)-. "(0(6%.2( ,#3"( ')/<% (,4(/)(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#. "(0%/)-. % 0% ).2"#'+//)-. '( =,2% (,4(/)(J ,( '(3(">. 2#&%" 0%, &(')'%,


4"(6(.2)6%, ,)$+)(.2(,? #, (,4(/7&(.(, '(0 4(5 &#,;+)2# ;+( *+("(.
)&4#"2%'#, '(3(">. /#.2%" /#. +.% /("2)*)/%/)-. '( #")$(.J ;+( %,($+"( ;+(
(,2=. 0)3"(, '( 4%">,)2#, # &)/"##"$%.),&#, 4#2(./)%0&(.2( 4(0)$"#,#, 4%"% 0%
*%+.% %/+>2)/%J %'(&>, ,( '(3("> /+&40)" /#. 2#'#, 0#, "(;+),)2#, (B)$)'#,
4#" 0%, %+2#")'%'(, ,%.)2%")%, 1 4(,;+("%, '(0 /+%'#"
!

))&)E

Q # -I/ ! & N1 # /((


-@
;;
# .
#:
(5 &#,;+)2#
( #
#(/)0)'%(
!
% /& 0#.$)2+' 2#2%0 (0 &%/<#J % 8 /& 0% <(&3"%
# !
5
&.76#"#J '(4"('%'#" '( 0%"6%, '( &#,;+)2#,
. . / 5
6#6)674%"%J ,( "(4"#'+/( 2#'# (0 %P# (. %&3)(.2(, 2"#4)/%0(,J
4(")#'# '( $(,2%/)-. '( 8 % ,(&%.%, 1 4%"(
%4"#B)&%'%&(.2( (.2"(
1 8 %0(6).(,
A ! !
$+%, 0=.2)/%,J 4"(*(")30( '( 4#/% 4"#*+.')'%' 1 &+1
2"%.;+)0%, ( %'%42% % 2(&4("%2+"%, '( <%,2%
#
!
. A ! +('( %0)&(.2%",( '( 4(;+(P#, ).6("2(3"%'#, %/+>2)/#,J %0
# !
-6
.
%$"+4%",( 4+('( '(,%0#9
%" % 0#, 4(/(, ;+( ,( %/(";+(. % 0%,
1./
5
#")00%,
.

# .

! .;-!

!;(

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8

. 0%, I,)(&3"%,G ).)/)%0(, %//)-. '( /#0#/%" 0#, 4(/(, '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,( ,(
"(/#&)(.'% '),(P%" +. 40%. ;+( /#.,)'("( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, (0(&(.2#,?
+($# '( /#&40(2%'# (0 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J ).2"#'+/)" 0#, 4(/(, (. >"(%,
'( %$+%, 2"%.;+)0%, ;+( (,2=. /#&40(2%&(.2( %0(9
%'%, '( 0#, *0+9
#, '(
(.2"%'% 1 ,%0)'% '( %$+%J % 2"%6=, '( I,)(&3"%,G 4(")-')/%, '+"%.2( ,(),
&(,(,
. 0%, I,)(&3"%,G '(3( &%.2(.(",( 0% 4"#4#"/)-. <(&3"% 4#" /%'%
&%/<#,J /#. 0% *).%0)'%' '( 4#'(" (6%0+%" 0% /%4%/)'%' '( /"(/)&)(.2#
4#30%/)#.%0 1 %'#42%" %0$+.% (,2"%2($)% '( "($+0%/)-. 4%"% )&4(')" (0
(B/(,)6# /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( %&3+,)%
0 *).%0 '(0 4(")#'# '( ,(), &(,(,J (6%0+%" &(')%.2( &+(,2"(#, 0#,
"(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#,J '( 2%0 &%.("% ;+( ,( (,2%30(5/% +. 40%. 4%"% (0
&%.(9
# '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( %&3+,)%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %D%D

. /#./#"'%./)% /#. (0 "#$"%&% '( (,%""#00# +"7,2)/# '(,%""#00%'# (. 0%


*%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# ,( )&40(&(.2%">. 0%, &(')'%, 1 %//)#.(,
.(/(,%")%, 4%"% 0% (9
(/+/)-. '(0 &),&#
+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-.
'( 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, &(')'%,?
:#&(.2%" (0 2+"),&# "(/"(%2)6# (. (0 (&3%0,(J )./#"4#"%.'# &(')'%,
,+,2(.2%30(, /#. (0 (.2#".# ,#/)%0 1 (/#0-$)/#
"(%" 0#, (,4%/)#, '( "(/"(%/)-. 1 (,4%"/)&)(.2# /#&# 40%1%, 1
3%0.(%")#,
"3#")5%" 0#, %0"('('#"(, '( 0#, 4+.2#, 2+"7,2)/#, 1 40%1%, %"2)*)/)%0(,
/"(%'%,
(,%""#00%" %/2)6)'%'(, '(4#"2)6%, 1 "(/"(%/)#.%0(, (. 0% 5#.% '(0
(&3%0,( /#&#? 4(,/% '(4#"2)6%J /%&4).$J '(4#"2(, .>+2)/#,J
/%&).%2%,J (2/
(4#30%" (0 (&3%0,( /#. 4(/(, 0#/%0(, ,). ;+( (00# ,)$.)*);+( +.
)&4%/2# .($%2)6# %0 ,),2(&%
,2# )./(.2)6%"7% 0% 4(,/% '(4#"2)6%J %,7
/#&# 0% '),&).+/)-. '( 0%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( *)2#40%./2#. (. (0
(&3%0,(
"#&#6(" 0% .%6($%/)-. 4#" &(')# '( /%.#%, 1 S%1%/,Q 0#, /+%0(,
4#'"7%. %0;+)0%",( (. 0#, 4+.2#, # /#&40(9
#, 2+"7,2)/#, % ,("
)&40(&(.2%'#,
:#&(.2%" 0%, 6),)2%, % 0#, /(.2"#, '( ).2("4"(2%/)-. %";+(#0-$)/% 1
/+02+"%0 4"#4+(,2#, (. (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#
:#&(.2%" 0%, 6),)2%, %0 (.2"# '( (,/%2( '( :%+.% 1 :0#"%J /#. 0%
*).%0)'%' '( '(,%""#00%" (. 0#, 6),)2%.2(, +.% /#./)(./)% %&3)(.2%0 #
4%"% 2+"),&# (,4(/)%0)5%'#
&40(&(.2%" +. "#$"%&% '( #.2"#0 1 )$)0%./)% %.)2%")% ;+(
)./0+1% (0 %.>0),), '( 4%">&(2"#, *7,)/#, ;+7&)/#, 1 &)/"#3)#0-$)/#,
'(0 %$+% (. 0%, 5#.%, '( 3%P# M40%1%, %"2)*)/)%0(,N
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0%3#"%" 4#072)/%, 1 .(B#, '( /##4("%/)-. ).2(").,2)2+/)#.%0(, 1 #32(.("


0#, "(/+",#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"% 0% /#""(//)-. '( 0%, /%+,%, ;+( #")$).%. 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-. '( 0%, %$+%, (. 0%, 5#.%, '( 3%P# ( '(3("> %0/%.5%"
(. 2#'# &#&(.2# 0#, .)6(0(, '( /%0)'%' '( %$+% (,2%30(/)'#, (. 0%,
"($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, .%/)#.%0(, ;+( %,($+"(. (0 +,# 1 '),*"+2( '(
0%, &),&%, ,). ")(,$# 4%"% 0#, 3%P),2%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"%
E

! .

0 &#.)2#"(# %&3)(.2%0 1 ,#/)%0 (, .(/(,%")# 4%"% /#.2"#0%" 0#, 4%">&(2"#,


*7,)/# ;+7&)/#, '(0 (&3%0,( 1 '( 0#, /%+'%0(, '( $(.("%/)-.J 4%"% (6%0+%" (0
/#&4#"2%&)(.2# 3)#0-$)/# '(0 (&3%0,(J 4%"% )'(.2)*)/%" 4#,)30(, /%&3)#,
&)/"#/0)&>2)/#, 1 4%"% /#.2"#0%" 0#, *(.-&(.#, '( '(,(,2%3)0)5%/)-. (. 0%,
")3("%, '(0 (&3%0,( 1 (. (0 /%+/( %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,% %"% (,2( (*(/2#J ,(
'(3( %';+)")" 0#, (;+)4#, # ,("6)/)#, '( &#.)2#"(#J (,2%30(/(" 0#, 4%">&(2"#,J
,)2)#, 1 *"(/+(./)%, '( &+(,2"(# 1 4+30)/%" ).*#"&(, 4(")-')/#, ,#3"( (0
)&4%/2# M
J
N
0

0%. '(
#.)2#"(# &3)(.2%0 4("&)2)"> %0 :)'()/#&),# K A 1 %0
).),2(")# '(0
&3)(.2( /#&#
+2#")'%'
&3)(.2%0 '(
40)/%/)-.
"(,4#.,%30( M
"N 6(")*)/%" '( &%.("% ,),2(&>2)/% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#,
#39
(2)6#, '(0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0 1 '( 0%, "($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(,
6)$(.2(, (. (0 /+%'#"
0 ,($+)&)(.2# )./0+)"> 0#, /#&4"#&),#, ,#/)%0(, %';+)")'#, % 2"%6=, '(0 0%.
'( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0
0 0%. '( #.)2#"(# 1 ($+)&)(.2# 4"#4#"/)#.%">
).*#"&%/)-. % 0#, 4")./)4%0(, '(0 #.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0 4%"%
%/2+%" '( &%.("% #4#"2+.% 1 2#&%" 0%, %//)#.(, /#""(/2)6%, /+%.'# ,(%
.(/(,%")#
" %E%)

0 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# ).6#0+/"% 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, %,4(/2#,?


#.)2#"(# 1 "($),2"# '( %/2)6)'%'(, /#.,)'("%'%, %&3)(.2%0&(.2(
"(0(6%.2(,J % *). '( &#,2"%" /+&40)&)(.2# /#. 0(1(,J "($0%&(.2#, 1
#"'(.%.5%, %40)/%30(,
($+)&)(.2# %0
0%. '(
%.(9
#
&3)(.2%0 4%"% 6(")*)/%" ,+
/+&40)&)(.2# 1 (*(/2)6)'%'
##"').%/)-. 1 /#&+.)/%/)-. /#. 0% %+2#")'%' %&3)(.2%0 (. /+%.2# %
0#, "(,+02%'#, '( &#.)2#"(#
0 &#.)2#"(# '( %,4(/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, "(0(6%.2(, ).6#0+/"% &(')/)#.(,J
"($),2"#,J (6%0+%/)#.(, ;+( '(3(">. (*(/2+%",( % '(2("&).%'%, %/2)6)'%'(,
;+( ,( /%"%/2(")5%. 4#" ,+ 4#2(./)%0)'%' '( %*(/2%" %0 (.2#".#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#"'( /#. (0 %./# +.')%0 M


N +. 4"#1(/2# '( (&3%0,( '(3( /#.,)'("%"
0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 2(&%, #39
(2# '( &#.)2#"(# 1 "($),2"#?
"(/)4)2%/)#.(, 40+6)%0(,Q
#0+&(. '( %$+% %0&%/(.%'% (. (0 "(,("6#")#Q
#0+&(. %.+%0 '( ,(')&(.2# ;+( ,( 2"%.,4#"2% %0 "(,("6#")#Q
%0)'%' '(0 %$+% % 0% ,%0)'% '( 0% "(4"(,% 1 (. %0$+.#, 4+.2#, % 0#
0%"$# '(0 "7# M/#&# ,%0).)'%'J 4AJ /#.'+/2)6)'%' (0=/2")/%J 2+"3)('%'J
#B7$(.# '),+(02#J ,-0)'#, ,+,4(.')'#,J *#,*%2#,J .)2"%2#,NQ
(.("%/)-. '( ,+0*+"# '( <)'"-$(.# 1 &(2%.# (. 0% "(4"(,%Q
8
+(,2"(# 0)&.#0-$)/# '( 0% &)/"#*0#"%J &)/"#*%+.%J <)("3%, %/+>2)/%, 1
#"$%.),&#, 3=.2)/#,Q
!
6%0+%/)#.(, '( 0% 4(,/% M(,4(/)(,J 4#30%/)#.(,J (2/ N '(0 "7# 1 '(0
"(,("6#")#Q
:%+.% M(,4(/)(,J '),2")3+/)-.J .O&("#,NQ
%&3)#, (. 0% 6($(2%/)-. M/+3)("2%J /#&4#,)/)-. '( (,4(/)(,J 2%,%, '(
/"(/)&)(.2#J 3)#&%,%J (2/ N '( 0% /+(./% <)'"#$">*)/% ,+4(")#"J 0% 5#.%
'(3%9
# '(0 "(,("6#")# 1 0%, >"(%, %$+%, %3%9
#Q
+&(.2# '( ("#,)-. (. 0% /+(./%Q
&4%/2#, (. 0%, 2)(""%, ,)06(,2"(,J 0%, (,4(/)(,J # 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, '(
40%.2%, '( (,4(/)%0 )&4#"2%./)% %&3)(.2%0Q
%0+' 4O30)/% 1 0#, 6(/2#"(, '( 0%, (.*("&('%'(,Q
)$"%/)-. '( 4(",#.%, <%/)% (0 >"(% 1 *+("% '( (00%Q
%&3)#, (. (0 (,2%'# (/#.-&)/# 1 ,#/)%0 '( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(,
"(%,(.2%'%, 1 0% $(.2( ;+( 4("&%.(/( (. 0% /+(./%
" %E%+

0 0%. '( #.)2#"(# '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


/#&4"(.'( 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, '( &+(,2"(# 1 %.>0),), '( /%0)'%' '( 0#, "7#, %4#"2%.2(, %0 *+2+"#
(&3%0,(J %,7/#&# &#.)2#"(#, %$+%, %"")3% 1 %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 &),&#
0 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# '(3("> (*(/2+%",( '+"%.2( 0%, 2%4%, '( #.,2"+//)-.J
0(.%'# 1 4("%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# % )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 &#.)2#"(# (. 0%,
')*("(.2(, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#J 4("&)2)"> /+&40)" /#. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, #39
(2)6#,?
(.("%" ).*#"&%/)-. '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% 4%"% ,+, ')*("(.2(, +,#, 1
'(2("&).%" ,+ 2(.'(./)% '( /%&3)#
(2("&).%" ,) 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% (. 0#, /+",#, <7'")/#, /+&40( /#.
/")2(")#, 1 "($+0%/)#.(, .%/)#.%0(, 1L# ).2(".%/)#.%0(,
(*).)" +.% "(' 3>,)/% '( &#.)2#"(# 1 /#.2"#0 '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(*).)" 1 (,2%30(/(" #39


(2)6#, '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%J /#.*#"&( % 0%,
.#"&%, 1 /")2(")#, '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% (. *+./)-. '( 0#, +,#,
"(4%"%" ( )&40(&(.2%" +.% 3%,( '( '%2#, '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% (. +.
),2(&% '( .*#"&%/)-. (#$">*)/%
. (0 &%"/# '(0 4"#$"%&% '( 4"(6(./)-. 1 /#.2"#0 '( 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. '(0
%$+% '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(J (0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, *7,)/%,J ;+7&)/%, 1
3)#0-$)/%, '(0 %$+% (. *+./)-. '( ,+, ')*("(.2(, +,#,J '(3( "(%0)5%",( (. 0#,
/+",#, <7'")/#, '( 0% /+(./% '(0 7# %3% #" 0# 2%.2#J ,( 4"(6= "(/#0(/2%"
&+(,2"%, '( %$+% '( 0#, "7#, ;+( *#"&%">. (0 (&3%0,(? %3%J )&3(J #"%0J 1
#%/<)
% *"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#, (. /%'% +.% '( 0%, :%,(, '(0 "#1(/2# ,(">
,(&(,2"%0J /#. (0 4"#4-,)2# '( /#.,2%2%" 0%, 6%")%/)#.(, ;+( ,+*"( (0 >"(% (.
*+./)-. '( 0#, /%&3)#, (,2%/)#.%0(, '+"%.2( (0 ).6)(".# 1 6("%.#
#. (0 4"#4-,)2# '( #42)&)5%" 0#, "(/+",#, (/#.-&)/#, 1 0#$7,2)/#,J ,(
"(/#&)(.'% ;+( 0#, &#.)2#"(#, '( 0%, (,2%/)#.(, %$+%, %"")3%J (. (0 (&3%0,( 1
%$+%, %3%9
# '(0 &),&#J ,( "(%0)/(. ,)&+02>.(%&(.2( '+"%.2( 0% &),&% ,%0)'%
'( /%&4#J 0% /+%0 '+"%"7% %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
'7%, 1 '(3("> ,($+)",( 0%
(2#'#0#$7% %40)/%'% (. (0 4"(,(.2(
#, 4%">&(2"#, *7,)/# ;+7&)/#, 1 &)/"#3)#0-$)/#, "(/#&(.'%'#, 4%"% 0#,
&#.)2#"(#, /#""(,4#.'(. % 0#, (6%0+%'#, (. 0% (//)-. J (,/")4/)-. '(0
"(% '( ,2+')#J '(0 4"(,(.2(
1 ;+( ,( '(2%00%. (. 0% %30%
0
&#.)2#"(# '( 0#, 4%">&(2"#, *7,)/# ;+7&)/#, 1 &)/"#3)#0-$)/#,J '(3(">
"(%0)5%",( (. /#.9
+.2# /#. (0 &#.)2#"(# '( /)%.#3%/2(")%, 2-B)/%,J /#. 0%
*).%0)'%' '( "(%0)5%" +. %.>0),), %'(/+%'# (.2"( .+2")(.2(, M(+2"#*)5%/)-.N 1
4"(,(./)% '( /)%.#3%/2(")%,
%, &+(,2"%, "(/#0(/2%'%, (. 0%, ')*("(.2(, ,%0)'%, '( /%&4# '(3(">. ,("
(.6)%'%, % +. %3#"%2#")# %/"(')2%'# 3%9
# 0%
#"&%
!
# ,+
(;+)6%0(.2( #, "(,+02%'#, '(3(">. ,(" 4"#/(,%'#, 1 %.%0)5%'#, (. +.
).*#"&( ;+( '(3("> 4"(,(.2%",( ,(&(,2"%0&(.2( % 0% +2#")'%' &3)(.2%0
/#&4(2(.2(
'(&>, (. (0 "(*(")'# ).*#"&( '(3("> &(./)#.%",( 0% 6%")%/)-.
'( 0#, "(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#, /#. "(,4(/2# % 0#, 6%0#"(, "($),2"%'#, (. (0
4"(,(.2(
J /#. 0% /#""(,4#.')(.2( /#&4%"%/)-. '( 0#, 6%0#"(, "(*("(./)%0(,
;+( /#.,2%. (. 0% ($),0%/)-. &3)(.2%0 6)$(.2( 4%"% (0 (/+",# $+%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

))&)'

.A# !. -

#
A.

! .

1/
-,( - -

1/ -

..

6 1/ -

. # !. /()2(, 1 $"%,%, &$L


0/%0).)'%' &$L
&#.)# M A N &$L
%'&)# &$L
0#"+"# &$L
#3"( &$L
#0)*#"&(, *(/%0(,
L
&
#0)*#"&(, 2#2%0(,
L
&
#0#" 6("'%'("# M+. 2 #N
#.'+/2)6)'%' g L/&
"#&# <(B%6%0(.2( &$L
"#&# &$L
&$L
F &$L
+"(5% 2#2%0 &$L
:(.#0(, &$L
:#,*%2# &$L
A)'"#/%"3+"#, 2#2%0(, &$L
A)(""# &$L
0#"#*)0% %
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8

XI.7.2.1

%.$%.(,# &$L
("/+")# g$L
)2"%2# &$L
)2")2# &$L
B7$(.# &$L
B7$(.# ,%2+"%/)-. T
4A
0#&# &$L
#2%,)# &$L
(0(.)# &$L
#')# &$L
-0)'#, '),+(02#, 2#2%0(, &$L
-0)'#, ,+,4(.')'#, 2#2%0(, &$L
-0)'#, 2#2%0(, &$L
+0*%2# &$L
+,2%./)%, 2(.,#%/2)6%, &$L
+"3)'(5:
L
%.%')# &$L
H)./ &$L

"

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(2%00%. 0% *"(/+(./)% 1 0#, 4+.2#, '( &#.)2#"(# 4%"% /%'%


+.% '( 0%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
o
(,2%/)#.(, M>"(% '( ).*0+(./)% )"(/2%N
o ! (,2%/)#.(, M>"(% '( ).*0+(./)% .')"(/2%N
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)# /2+3"( 1
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.? 8

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%
4"(,%J ,("6)"> 4%"% '(2("&).%" (0 (,2%'# %&3)(.2%0 %/2+%0 '( 0#, "7#,
%4#"2%.2(, %0 *+2+"# (&3%0,( 1 ,+ 6%")%/)-. (,2%/)#.%0
#, &+(,2"(#, '(3(">. (*(/2+%",( (. 0%, (,2%/)#.(, # 4+.2#, $(#$">*)/#,
'(,/")2#, (. 0% %30%,
1
( (,2% *#"&% ,( 4#'"> %,($+"%" +.%
/#&4%"%3)0)'%' /#. 0#, &+(,2"(#, "(%0)5%'#, 1 "(4#"2%'#, (. 0% 07.(% 3%,( '(0
4"(,(.2( ).*#"&( M,(//)-. N
!
.

))&)J
( /

-!

1/

/
! !/
8

=
)
+
,
0

8
8
8

!
8
8

8!!
8!

8! !8

8
8
!8

8!

)K

I
I

))
)+

8!

I
I

),
)0

8! ! 8

88

)4

)D

)E

)'

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

8!

8!

8!

88

8!
8!
8!

-!.

.(

5
- .

&3%0,(
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%

8!
8!

E
'

- -/

$+%, %"")3% '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(


&3%0,(
&3%0,(

8! 8

&3%0,(J (. (0 7# #%/<)

.2
I
I

1 !/

#/

/ .

-!
5
+KKD

.2 !
I
I
I
I

8
8!

$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M %0# 0%./#N
7# <%+.(J /("/% '( 0#/%0)'%' M 0 (,/%.,#N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M % A#0%.'(,%N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J
/("/% '( 0#/%0)'%' M +%1%/%.(,N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M %, )('"%,N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M ,0% '( %2%,N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M )&#.(,N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J M $+%, %"")3% '(
%. %/).2# '( +(.% :(N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J M $+%, '(3%9
#
'( %. %/).2# '( +(.% :(N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M 0 )$"(N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

I
I

)J
+K

8!

/("/% '( 0#/%0)'%' M %&4%N


$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M $+%, %"")3% '(
F+(6('#N

8!

#2%?
(,/")4/)-. "(%0)5%'% (. *+./)-. '(0 +,# 4"(6),2# 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#
:+(.2(? %0)'% '( %&4# %1# M8 1 !NJ '( +0)# 1 $#,2# M 1 8N '(0
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
I 8

!
.

))&+K

( /

-!

1/
-!
,
4

! !/
8
!
8
!

'

)K

8
8

/ .

/
1 !/
8
!8
8

8
!

:+(.2(? %0)'% '( %&4#


'( +0)# 1
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
I 8

- -/

#/

-!.

.(

5
- .
$+%, %"")3% '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %"")3% '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
("/% '( %2")/)% )0%"

!8

$+%, %"")3% '( 0%


'(,(&3#/%'+"% '(0 7# )&3(
$+%, %"")3% '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
7# )&3(
,2("# 0

$#,2# M8 1 !N '(0

#"%0
8

:%,( '( 0(.%'#


.% 6(5 *).%0)5%'% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% ( ).)/)%'# (0 00(.%'# '(0
(&3%0,(J ;+( ,( (,2)&% '+"%"> '#, %P#, (. /#&40(2%",(J '(3("> /#.2).+%" (0
&#.)2#"(# '( 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%
). (&3%"$#J /#.,)'("%.'# ;+( '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. ,( <%
"(%0)5%'# +. &#.)2#"(# ,(&(,2"%0 '+"%.2(
%P#,J 0# /+%0 "(4"(,(.2% +.%
(B/(0(.2( 07.(% '( 3%,( %&3)(.2%0J (. (,2% *%,( ,( "('+/)">. (0 .O&("# '(
(,2%/)#.(, +3)/%'%, % 0# 0%"$# '(0 7# %3% '(3)'# %0 /%&3)# '(0 "=$)&(.
<)'"#0-$)/# ( '(3(">. (,/#$(" 4+.2#, '( &+(,2"(# (. (0 7# %3% '(.2"#
'(0 (&3%0,(J 1 ,( /#.2).+%"> /#. (0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0#, 7#, %4#"2%.2(, )&3(J
#"%0J #%/<) 1 (0 7# <%+.(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#, 4+.2#, '( &+(,2"(# % +3)/%",( '(.2"# '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(J M (" %30%
NJ 4("&)2)">. (6%0+%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% (. 0% 4%"2( %02%J &(')% 1 3%9
% '(0
&),&#
!
/

5
/.

))&+)
-!

-!
5
+KKD

/
! !/

I
I
I

+
,
0

8
8

I
.2

8! !8
8!

8!!

! .
.

- .

&3%0,(
&3%0,(

8
8! 8
8
8

1 !/
8

&3%0,(
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ');+(
7# <%+.( M2"%,6%,(N

#2%?
(,/")4/)-. "(%0)5%'% (. *+./)-. '(0 +,# 4"(6),2# 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
I 8

+"%.2( 0% %/2)6)'%' '( &#.)2#"(# ,( (6%0+%">. 0#, &),&#, 4%">&(2"#, '(


/%0)'%' '( %$+% ;+( %;+(00#, '( 0% (2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-.
(3("> 3").'%",(
(,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. % 0%, /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( .+2")(.2(, ;+( ,( (,4("% (&4)(/(.
% )./"(&(.2%",( /#&# 4%"2( '(0 4"#/(,# '( '(,/#&4#,)/)-. '( &%2(")%
#"$>.)/% 1 /%&3)# <)'"#0-$)/#
')/)#.%0&(.2( '+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( '(3("> /#.,)'("%" (0 &+(,2"(# % #
.)6(0(, '( 4"#*+.')'%' (. 0%, (,2%/)#.(, '(2%00%'%, (. 0% %30%
0
&+(,2"(# % ')*("(.2(, .)6(0(, '(4(.'("> '(0 )./"(&(.2# 4%+0%2).# '( 0%
%02+"% '( 0% /#0+&.% '( %$+%
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
)6(0(, '( 4"#*+.')'%' (. /%'% (,2%/)-.?
#2%0 '( &+(,2"%,? (.2"(
1
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( 00(.%'#?
:%,( '(

/2+3"( 1

4("%/)-.

. (,2% *%,( ,( '(3(">. &#.)2#"(%" 0%, &),&%, (,2%/)#.(, (6%0+%'%, '+"%.2(


0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# ("> .(/(,%")# &%.2(.(" (0 &+(,2"(# ,(&(,2"%0&(.2(J 1 0%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

88

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&+(,2"%, '(3(">. ,(" 2#&%'%, % .)6(0(, '( 4"#*+.')'%'? ,+4("*)/)(J &(')%


1 *#.'#
+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( #2#"$%"> =.*%,), % 0% (6%0+%/)-. '(0 4"#/(,# '(
0% (+2"#*)5%/)-. ;+( ,( 4"(,(.2%"7% %0 ).)/)# '( (,2% *%,(J <%,2% ;+( (0 (&3%0,(
%0/%./( +. $"%'# '( (,2%3)0)5%/)-.
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
)6(0(, '( 4"#*+.')'%' (. /%'% (,2%/)-.?
#2%0 '( &+(,2"%,? (.2"(
1
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? 4("&%.(.2(

/2+3"( 1

0 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# '( /%0)'%' '( %$+% '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,( '(3("> "(%0)5%",(
(. *#"&% 4("&%.(.2( 4%"% %,($+"%" +. %'(/+%'# &%.(9
# '(0 &),&#
0
&#.)2#"(# ,("6)"> %'(&>, 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0% /%0)'%' '( %$+% ;+( '(,/%"$%
(0 (&3%0,( %$+%, %3%9
#
XI.7.2.2

0 4"#4-,)2# *+.'%&(.2%0 '(0 &#.)2#"(# %$+%, %"")3% '(0 (&3%0,( (,


'(2("&).%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 "(/+",# ;+( ).$"(,% %0 (&3%0,(
,7J (0 #39
(2)6# '(
(,2( 40%. (, ,)&)0%" %0 '(0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0#, "7#, '(0 (&3%0,(J 0% 4(")#')/)'%'
'(0 &),&# ,("> ,(&(,2"%0J &%.2(.)(.'# %,7 +. "($),2"# (,2%/)#.%0
#,
4%">&(2"#, % '(2("&).%",( $+%, "")3% '(0 &3%0,( /#""(,4#.'(. % 0#,
/)2%'#, (. 0% %30%
8J 1 ,( '(3(">. (6%0+%" '+"%.2( 0%,
*%,(, '(0
4"#1(/2#
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. ,( 4"#4#.( /#&# +. 4+.2# '( &+(,2"(# 0%
,2%/)-. %3% J (6%0+%'% '+"%.2( (0 4"(,(.2(
% +3)/%/)-. $(#$">*)/%
'( (,2% (,2%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2% (. 0% %30%
4%"2)" '( (,2( 4+.2# '(3(">
,)2+%",( +.% (,2%/)-. %')/)#.%0 '( &#.)2#"(#J ;+( ,( +3)/%">
S& %$+%,
%"")3% '( 0% ,2%/)-. %3%
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

8!

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#


+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.? 8
!
/

-!

.2 !

-!

1/ -

..

! !/
8
!

8
=

))&++
#
/
1 !/
8
8

:+(.2(? %0)'% '( %&4#


'( +0)# 1
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?
I 8

! .
#

/2+3"( 1

. ( .
-

5
- .
$+%, %"")3% '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
("/% '( %2")/)% )0%"
&3%0,(J (. (0 7# #%/<)

!8

7# )&3(
,2("# 0

$#,2# M8 1 !N '(0

#"%0
8

:%,( '( 0(.%'#


+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# ,( 4"#4#.( &%.2(.(" 0%, &),&%, (,2%/)#.(,
)&40(&(.2%'%, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( 00(.%'#?
:%,( '(

/2+3"( 1

4("%/)-.

. 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( ,("> .(/(,%")# &%.2(.(" 0%, '#,
(,2%/)#.(, &#.)2#"(%'%, '+"%.2( 0%, '#, *%,(, 4"(6)%,
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? 4("&%.(.2(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

/2+3"( 1

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(J (,2( 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# %$+%, %"")3% '(0
(&3%0,( '(3("> "(%0)5%",( (. *#"&% 4("&%.(.2(J 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0% /%0)'%'
'(0 %$+% ;+( ).$"(,% %0 (&3%0,(J 1 2#&%" 0%, &(')'%, %'(/+%'%, 4%"% ,+
&%.(9
#
XI.7.2.3

%, '(,/%"$%, 6("2)'%, '(,'( (0 (&3%0,( 4+('(. )./)')" ,)$.)*)/%2)6%&(.2(


%$+%, %3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,(J 4#" (00# (, .(/(,%")# )&40(&(.2%" +. 40%. '(
&#.)2#"(# ;+( 4("&)2% (6%0+%" ,(&(,2"%0&(.2( 0% /%0)'%' '( 0%, &),&%, #,
4%">&(2"#, % '(2("&).%",( $+%, 3%9
# '(0 &3%0,( /#""(,4#.'(. % 0#,
/)2%'#, (. 0% %30%
J 1 ,( '(3(">. (6%0+%" '+"%.2( 0%,
*%,(, '(0
4"#1(/2#
("> &+1 )&4#"2%.2( .# ,#0# (6%0+%" 4%">&(2"#, *),)/#;+7&)/#, ,).#
2%&3)=. 0%, 2(&4("%2+"%, % 0%, ;+( ,#. '(,/%"$%'%, 0%, %$+%, '(0 (&3%0,(J
4+(, ')*("(./)%, ,)$.)*)/%2)6%, '( 2(&4("%2+"% 4#'"7%. %*(/2%" % 0% *%+.% '(0
7#
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
( "(/#&)(.'% (,2%30(/(" +. 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# /#&4+(,2# '( '#, (,2%/)#.(,
%$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,% 1 '#, (,2%/)#.(, 4+.2+%0(, (. (0 7#J +.% % 0% %02+"%
'( +(.% := 1 0% #2"% % 0% %02+"% '( F+(6('#
!
/

-!

))&+,
#

1/ -

-!
5
+KKD

#
/

! !/
I

8! !8

I
I

))
)4

8!

+K

1 !/
8

88

8!

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

8
I

M8
8

. ( .

5
- .

$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J /("/% '(
0#/%0)'%' M %0# 0%./#N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,%J M $+%, %"")3% '(
%. %/).2# '( +(.% :(N
$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% M $+%, %"")3% '(
F+(6('#N

#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?


+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.?
*;; ?
$#,2#

! .

%P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0


#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.? 8

/2+3"( 1

:%,( '( 0(.%'#


+"%.2( (,2% *%,(J ,( &%.2(.'"> (0 4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# '(,/")2# (. 0% *%,(
%.2(")#"J O.)/%&(.2( 6%")%"> 0% '+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '(0 4"#1(/2#
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( 00(.%'#?
:%,( '(

/2+3"( 1

4("%/)-.

. 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '(3("> &%.2(.(",( (0 4"#$"%&% '(,/")2# (. 0%, '#,


*%,(, 4"(6)%,J O.)/%&(.2( /%&3)%"> 0% '+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,(
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, 4#" &#.)2#"(#?
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)# /2+3"( 1
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #4("%/)-.? 4("&%.(.2(
0 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,( '+"%.2( (,2% *%,( '(3(">
"(%0)5%",( (. *#"&% 4("&%.(.2( 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% ;+(
'(,/%"$% (0 (&3%0,(J 1 2#&%" 0%, &(')'%, 4"(6(.2)6%, 1 /#""(/2)6%,
" %E%,

XI.7.3.1

( ?

#.*#"&( 0# (,2%30(/)'# (. 0% ,(//)-. '( (6%0+%/)-. '( )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(,J


(0 40%. 2)(.( /#&# #39
(2)6# 0% &(')/)-. '( 0#, .)6(0(, 4)(5#&=2")/#, (. 4#" 0#
&(.#,
4#5#, ,(0(//)#.%'#, %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0%, #3"%, '( 0% 4"(,% %3%
F+(6('#J '+"%.2( 4#" 0# &(.#, %P#,J /#&(.5%.'# '(,'( (0
8J 4%"%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#&40(2%" 4#" 0# &(.#, &(')# /)/0# '( +. :(.-&(.# '( 0 )P#J %,+&)(.'#
;+( (,2%&#, (. =4#/% '( .2) )P# 1 ;+( (,2%"7% 4#" 4"(,(.2%",( (. 0#, %P#,
,)$+)(.2(, +. .+(6# )P#
'(&>,Q (0 &#.)2#"(# 2%&3)=. /+3")"7% 0#,
4")&("#, %P#, '( 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( 1 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '( 0% #3"%
% &(')/)-. ,( "(%0)5%"7% +.% 6(5 4#" &(, (. 0% &),&% *(/<% 1 0#, "(,+02%'#,
,( $"%*)/%">. (. &%4%, &(.,+%0(, '( 4"#*+.')'%' '(0 .)6(0 4)(5#&=2")/#
M),#4)(5%,NJ 1 ,( 2(.'"> %0 *).%0 +.% ).2("4"(2%/)-. '( 0% ).*#"&%/)-. (.
*+./)-. '( 0%, 6%")%/)#.(, 40+6)#&=2")/%, 1 /0)&>2)/%, (. $(.("%0J 2#&%.'# (.
/+(.2% 0%, 2%,%, '( 4"#'+//)-. '( 0#, 4#5#, ,) (, 4#,)30(
%"% 0#$"%" (,2( 40%. '( &#.)2#"(# ,( "(;+)("( '( +. 4"(,+4+(,2# &7.)&#
;+( '(3( (,2%" *).%./)%'# /#. 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"% #, 4%">&(2"#, ;+(
'(3(">. ,(" '(2("&).%'#, (. /%'% +.% '( 0%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2# ,( '(2%00%. %
/#.2).+%/)-. (. 0% %30%
?
!

J&+0
1/ - -/ ! ..A

.A# !. . 6

(#

&I/ #
.
1

#/

#.'+/2)6)'%' g L/&
"#&# <(B%6%0(.2( &$L0
"#&# &$L0
&$L0
F &$L0
:(.#0(, &$L0
A)(""# &$L0
("/+")# g$L0
7;+(0 &$L0
)2"%2# &$L0
)2")2# &$L0
4A
0#&# &$L0
M8
8

5- !

. # !. -U
-!
=

%'&)# &$L0
0#"+"# &$L0
#3"( &$L0
#0)*#"&(, *(/%0(,
L
&0
#0)*#"&(, 2#2%0(,
L
&0

*;; ?
$#,2#

0'"). g$L
%04<% A g$L
3(2% A g$L
'(02% A g$L
$%&&% A M ).'%.(N
g$L
%04<% <0#"'%.( g$L
$%&&% <0#"'%.( g$L
<0#"#2<%0#.)0 g$L
4J4
g$L
4J4
g$L
4J4
g$L
)(0'"). g$L
.'#,+0*%. g$L
.'#,+0*%. g$L
.'#,+0*%. +04<%2( g$L
.'"). g$L
.'"). 0'(<1'( g$L
!

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(0%/)-. '( %',#"/)-. '(


,#')# &$L0
.'"). h(2#.( g$L
-0)'#, '),+(02#, 2#2%0(,
&$L0
A(42%/<0#" g$L
A(42%/<0#"
B4#B)'(
g$L
%.%')# &$L0
H)./ &$L0
(2<#B1/<0#" g$L
T
%"3#*+"%. g$L
)")&)/%"3 g$L
%"3%"10 g$L
<)#3(./%"3 g$L
"#4%&#/%"3 g$L
(2<)#/%"3 g$L
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

')/)#.%0&(.2( '+"%.2( /%'% &#.)2#"(# ,( "(%0)5%"> 0% &(')/)-. '( 0#,


.)6(0(, *"(>2)/#, M4"#*+.')'%' '(0 .)6(0 '( %$+%N (. /%'% +.# '( 0#, 4#5#,
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(2%00% 0% *"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#, '+"%.2( /%'% +.% '(
0%, *%,(,
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
#2%0 '( 4#5#, % &#.)2#"(%",( '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.?
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)# /2+3"( 1
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.? 8
:%,( '( 0(.%'#
#2%0 '( 4#5#, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# /#.,2"+//)-.?
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.?
:%,( '(

/2+3"( 1

4("%/)-.

#2%0 '( 4#5#, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# /#.,2"+//)-.?


+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'#? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#


+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.? 4("&%.(.2(

/2+3"( 1

, )&4#"2%.2( ,(P%0%" ;+( (0 ,($+)&)(.2# ;+( ,( "(%0)/( (. 0#, %/+7*("#,


,+32("">.(#, '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-.J '(4(.'("> '( 0#, '%2#, ;+( ,(
#32(.$%. (. 0#, &#.)2#"(#, ).)/)%0(, '( (,2% *%,( %,%'#, (. 0% ).*#"&%/)-.
;+( ,( $(.("( ,( '(2("&).%"7% 0% *"(/+(./)% 1 4%">&(2"#, '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,
4%"% (0 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0% /%0)'%' '( (,2#, %/+7*("#, % 0# 0%"$# '(0 2)(&4#
" %E%
0

#. 0% *).%0)'%' '( '(2("&).%" 0% ')6(",)'%' '( 0#, #"$%.),&#, %/+>2)/#, ,(


"(/#&)(.'% 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( &#.)2#"(#, ,(&(,2"%0(, '+"%.2( 0%,
2%4%, '(0
"#1(/2#? #.,2"+//)-.J 0(.%'# '( &3%0,( 1 4("%/)-.
#, #39
(2)6#, '(0 &#.)2#"(# ,#. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
(2("&).%" 0% /#&4#,)/)-. /+%0)2%2)6% 1 /+%.2)2%2)6% '( 0%,
/#&+.)'%'(, 40%./2-.)/% M*)2#40%./2#.J 5##40%./2#. ( )/2)#40%./2#.N 1
3(.2-.)/% M ()#3(.2#, 1 %/"#3(.2#,N (. 0%, '#, =4#/%, '(0 %P#? ,(/%
1 00+6)#,%J '+"%.2( 0%,
*%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#Q /#. 0% *).%0)'%' '(
)'(.2)*)/%" 0%, 6%")%/)#.(, ;+( ,( 4"#'+/)"7%. (. (,2%, /#&+.)'%'(, '(
0%, '),2).2%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#
(2("&).%" 7.')/(, '( ')6(",)'%'J ");+(5% 1 (;+)2%3)0)'%' (. (,2%,
/#&+.)'%'(,J /#.,)'("%.'# ;+( +.% &%1#" ')6(",)'%' '( #"$%.),&#,
,)$.)*)/% +. (.2#".# /#. 4#0+/)-. &7.)&% 0 %.>0),), '( 0#, 7.')/(, '(
')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/% #32(.)'#, '+"%.2( (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#J
4"#4#"/)#.%">. 0% 07.(% 3%,( 4%"% (,2( &#.)2#"(#
. /%&3)#
,)$.)*)/%2)6# (. 0% ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/% M'(2("&).%'# 4#" 0% 6%")%.5%
'(0 7.')/( '( ')6(",)'%' <%..#. R ().("NJ 4#'"> +2)0)5%",( /#&#
).')/%'#" '( +. )&4%/2# % 0% ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/%
'(.2)*)/%" 0% 4"(,(./)% '( 3)#).')/%'#"(, (. 0% /#&+.)'%' 3(.2-.)/%
M#"$%.),&#, 2#0("%.2(, 1 ,(.,)30(,NJ ;+( ,("6)">. 4%"% '(2("&).%" (0
$"%'# '( /#.2%&).%/)-. '(0
7# %3% 1 %4#"2%.2(,J %,7 /#&# '(0
*+2+"# (&3%0,(
%"% %0/%.5%" (,2#, #39
(2)6#, ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( '#, /%&4%P%,
'( &#.)2#"(# %.+%0(, (. 0%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#
#, $"+4#, 3)#0-$)/#, %
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&#.)2#"(%",( (. /%'% +.% '( 0%, *%,(, )./0+)">.? *)2#40%./2#.J 5##40%./2#.J


)/2)#40%./2#. 1 3(.2#,
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(2%00%. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, % "(%0)5%",( '+"%.2( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,
(. /%'% +.% '( 0%, *%,(, '(0 4"#1(/2#?
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( "(/#&)(.'% &#.)2#"(%" 0%, &),&%, (,2%/)#.(, 3)#0-$)/%,
(,2+')%'%, '+"%.2( (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#
')/)#.%0&(.2( ,( "(/#&)(.'% (0 (,2+')# '( '#, (,2%/)#.(, 3)#0-$)/%,
+3)/%'%, %$+%, %"")3% '(0 *+2+"# (&3%0,(J 1 '#, (,2%/)#.(, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0
*+2+"# (&3%0,(
% +3)/%/)-. '( (,2%, (,2%/)#.(, '( &#.)2#"(# '(3(">
/#)./)')" /#. 0%, (,2%/)#.(, '( /%0)'%' '( %$+% +3)/%'%, 2%.2# %$+%, %"")3%
/#&# %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,(
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.?
"+4#, % (,2+')%",( (. /%'% (,2%/)-.? *)2#40%./2#.J 5##40%./2#.J
)/2)#40%./2#.J &()#(.2#, 1 &%/"#3(.2#,
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.? %P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)# /2+3"( 1
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.? 8
:%,( '( 0(.%'#
(3)'# % ;+( (. (,2% *%,( 0#, 4+.2#, &#.)2#"(%'#, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '(
/#.,2"+//)-. ,( ).+.'%"7%.J ,( "(/#&)(.'% ,(0(//)#.%" 4+.2#, '( &#.)2#"(#
/("/%.#, % 0#, 4+.2#, %.2(")#"(,
0 )$+%0 ;+( (. 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.J ,( "(/#&)(.'% &#.)2#"(%" %0 &(.#,
'#, (,2%/)#.(, 3)#0-$)/%, +3)/%'%, %$+%, %"")3% '(0 (&3%0,(J 1 #2"%, '#,
(,2%/)#.(, %$+%, %3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,(J (0($)'%, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'#?
"+4#, % (,2+')%",( (. /%'% (,2%/)-.? *)2#40%./2#.J 5##40%./2#.J
)/2)#40%./2#.J &()#(.2#, 1 &%/"#3(.2#,
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)#


+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, *%,( '( 00(.%'#?
:%,( '(

/2+3"( 1

4("%/)-.

+"%.2( (,2% *%,( (0 (&3%0,( <%3"> %0/%.5%'# +.% /#0+&.% '( %$+%
%4"#4)%'% 4%"% ,+ #4("%/)-.
. (,2% *%,( ,( /#.2).+%"> /#. (0 &+(,2"(# '(
0%, (,2%/)#.(, (,/#$)'%, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'#
0 )$+%0 ;+( (. 0%, '#, *%,(, %.2(")#"(,J ,( "(/#&)(.'% &%.2(.(" (0 &#.)2#"(#
'( 0%, '#, (,2%/)#.(, 3)#0-$)/%, +3)/%'%, %$+%, %"")3% 1 '( 0%, '#, +3)/%'%,
%$+%, %3%9
# '(0 (&3%0,(
,2%, (,2%/)#.(, *+("#. ,(0(//)#.%'%, '+"%.2( 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. 1 &#.)2#"(%'%, 2%.2# '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. 1 (0 00(.%'#
#2%0 '( (,2%/)#.(, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.?
"+4#, % (,2+')%",( (. /%'% (,2%/)-.? *)2#40%./2#.J 5##40%./2#.J
)/2)#40%./2#.J &()#(.2#, 1 &%/"#3(.2#,
+"%/)-. '( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-.?
%P#, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
:"(/+(./)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#,? ,(&(,2"%0
#2%0 '( &#.)2#"(#, %.+%0(,? '#, M+.# (. =4#/% ,(/%? +0)# /2+3"( 1
+.# (. =4#/% 00+6)#,%? )/)(&3"( 3")0N
, )&4#"2%.2( ,(P%0%" ;+( (0 ,($+)&)(.2# ;+( ,( "(%0)/( (. (0 (&3%0,( '+"%.2(
0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-.J '(4(.'("> '( 0#, '%2#, ;+( ,( #32(.$%. (. /%'% +.#
'( 0#, &#.)2#"(#, %,%'#, (. 0% ).*#"&%/)-. ;+( ,( 6%1% $(.("%.'# ,(
(0($)"7%. '(
%
4+.2#, '( &+(,2"(# 4%"% (0 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0% /%0)'%'
(/#0-$)/% % 0# 0%"$# '(0 2)(&4#
#.)2#"(# '( )%.#3%/2(")%,
0 &#.)2#"(# '( /)%.#3%/2(")%, 2-B)/%, (,2> )./0+)'# '(.2"# '(0 &#.)2#"(# '(
*)2#40%./2#. ( (,2)&% ;+( 0%, /)%.#3%/2(")%, # /)%.#*)2%,J 2%&3)=. 00%&%'%,
%0$%, 6("'( %5+0(,J 4"#0)*("%"7%. '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
#" (,2% "%5-. ,( '(3("> #2#"$%" (,4(/)%0 =.*%,), %0 (,2+')# '( (,2( $"+4#
'+"%.2( (,2% *%,(
#, ).')/%'#"(, 4%"% (0 &#.)2#"(# '( /)%.#3%/2(")%, ,(">. 0%, %3+.'%./)%,
"(0%2)6%, '( 0%, (,4(/)(, 2-B)/%, % 4"(,(./)% '( 0%, (,4(/)(, 2-B)/%, (. %02%,
/#./(.2"%/)#.(, ).')/%"> +. 4"#30(&% ,(")# %&3)(.2%0 1 4#,)30(&(.2( '(
,%0+' <+&%.%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %E%4

>

0 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, "(;+)("( '(
+. 4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# 0 &),&# ;+( 2(.'"> /#&# #39
(2)6# "(%0)5%" +.
,($+)&)(.2#J (6%0+%/)-. 1 /#.2"#0 % 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( "(2)"# '( &%0(5%
%/+>2)/% 1 #3,("6%" 0%, /#.')/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)# (/#.-&)/%, (. (0 >"(%
'(0 (&3%0,( #, #39
(2)6#, (,4(/7*)/#, '(0 &#.)2#"(# ,#. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
'(.2)*)/%" 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#3"( 0% ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/%
'(.2)*)/%" (0 $"%'# '( (+2"#*)5%/)-. '( 0#, (&3%0,(,
'(.2)*)/%" 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#/)# (/#.-&)/#, 4"#'+/)'#, 4#" (0 "(2)"# '(
0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/%J ,#3"( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, ;+( <%3)2%. (. 0%, ")3("%, '(0
(&3%0,(
#, &#.)2#"(#, %')/)#.%0(, ;+( (,2>. ')"(/2%&(.2( "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. (0
&#.)2#"(# '( 0%, &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%,J 1 ;+( '(3("7%. /#.,)'("%",( /#&#
(0(&(.2#, '( %4#1#J ,#.?
#.)2#"(# '( 0% ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/%
#.)2#"(# '( 0% /%0)'%' '( %$+% M(+2"#*)5%/)-.NJ
:%,( '( #.,2"+//)-.
+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( +.% ).,4(//)-. %.+%0J /#. 0%
*).%0)'%' '( '(2("&).%" 0#, 4#,)30(, 4+.2#, /"72)/#, % &#.)2#"(%",( '+"%.2(
0%, '#, *%,(, 4#,2(")#"(,? 00(.%'# 1 #4("%/)-.
#. (0 4"#4-,)2# '( #42)&)5%" 0#, "(/+",#,J 0% ).,4(//)-. '(3("> "(%0)5%",(
'+"%.2( 0%, /%&4%P%, '( &#.)2#"(# '( /%0)'%' '( %$+%
( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( 0#, 4+.2#, '( &#.)2#"(# '( &%0(5%, ,( +3);+(. (. 4+.2#,
'( 3%9
% 6(0#/)'%' '( /#"")(.2( /#&#? 0#, &(%.'"#, ;+( ,( *#"&%. (. (0 7#
%3%J 1 (. 0%, (.2"%.2(, 4"(,(.2(, (. (0 )&3(J #"%0 1 #%/<)
. (,2#,
4+.2#, ,( '(2("&).%"> 0% 4"(,(./)% # %+,(./)% '( (,4(/)(, '( &%0(5%, M ("
(//)-. %.(9
# 1 #.2"#0 '( %0(5% /+>2)/%N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

!8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

. "(,+&(. '+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,#0# ,( "(%0)5%">. '#, ).,4(//)#.(, %.+%0(, (.


0#, 4+.2#, (B40)/%'#, 1 ,( )'(.2)*)/%"7%. 0%, (,4(/)(, '( &%0(5% ;+( 4#'"7%.
4"(,(.2%",( '+"%.2( 0%, '#, *%,(, 4#,2(")#"(,

:%,(, '( 0(.%'# 1

4("%/)-.

( (,2)&% ;+( 0% 4"#0)*("%/)-. '( &%0(5%, %/+>2)/%, ,( 4"(,(.2( '+"%.2( (,2%,


'#, *%,(,J (. 0%, /+%0(, ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%" &#.)2#"(#, ,(&(,2"%0(, ;+( '(3(">.
)./0+)" %0 &(.#,J 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 4%">&(2"#,?
@"(% /+3)("2% 4#" &%0(5% %/+>2)/%
%,% '( /"(/)&)(.2# '( 0% &%0(5% %/+>2)/%
(.,)'%' '( /#3("2+"% M .)'%'(,L& N
3)/%/)-. $(#$">*)/% '( 4+.2#, /"72)/#,
+"%.2( %&3%, *%,(, (0 >"(% '( /#3("2+"% '( &%0(5% ,("6)"> /#&# +.
).')/%'#" 4%"% (0 &#.)2#"(#
0 >"(% '(0 (,4(9
# '(0 (&3%0,( /+3)("2# '(
&%0(5% %/+>2)/% 4#'"7% '(2("&).%",( ).)/)%0&(.2( &(')%.2( *#2#, ,%2(0)2%0(, #
*#2#, %="(%,J # &(')%.2( +. ,#3"(6+(0# (. <(0)/-42("# % +.% %02+"% (.2"(
1
& ,#3"( (0 .)6(0 2(""(.#
#, "(,+02%'#, '(0 %.>0),), '( 0% /#3("2+"%
'(3(">. 2(.(" +. *#"&%2# ;+( *%/)0)2( ,+ +,# (. +. ),2(&% '( .*#"&%/)-.
(#$">*)/%
0 &%4(# '( 0% /#3("2+"% '(0 (&3%0,( 4#" &%0(5% %/+>2)/%J +,%.'# +.
J
4"#6(("> 0% "(0%/)-. '( 0% /#3("2+"% /#. "(0%/)-. %0 2)(&4# M(,4%/)#L2)(&4#N
%, *#2#, ,%2(0)2%0(, ,("6)">. 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0#, 4+.2#, /"72)/#, ).*(,2%'#,
4#" &%0(5%, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" &#.)2#"(%'#, 1 /#.2"#0%'#, '( &%.("%
4(")-')/%
')/)#.%0&(.2( '(3("> (6%0+%",( 0% 6)%3)0)'%' '( "(%0)5%"
).,4(//)#.(, '( /%&4# /#. 4(",#.%0 (,4(/)%0)5%'#J ;+( %1+'%">. % /#.*)"&%"
(,2#, 4+.2#, /"72)/#,
.% 6(5'(2("&).%'#, 0#, 4+.2#, /"72)/#, (. /%'% &#.)2#"(#J (0 :)'()/#&),# K
A '(3("> '(2("&).%" 0% *"(/+(./)% 1 &=2#'# '( /#.2"#0 % +2)0)5%",( 4%"% 0%
(0)&).%/)-. '( 0%, &%0(5%, (. /%'% ,(/2#" '(0 (&3%0,( M (" (//)-. =2#'#,
'( #.2"#0 '( %0(5% /+>2)/%N
% ,)$+)(.2( (2%4% ,("> 0% &#6)0)5%/)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 1 "(/+",#, (/#.-&)/#,
,+*)/)(.2(, 4%"% (*(/2+%" 0% /%&4%P% '( /#.2"#0 '( 0%, &%0(5%,J 0% /+%0 ,(
(,2)&%J '(4(.')(.'# '(0 &=2#'# ;+( ,( ,(0(//)#.( ;+( 4#'"7% (,2%" (. (0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

!!

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#"'(. '( '#, 6(/(, 4#" %P# /#. +. 2)(&4# (*(/2)6# '( 2"%3%9
# '(
'7%,
,(&(,2"%0&(.2(
0 :)'()/#&),# K A '(3("> 2#&%" /#&# &(')'% '(
4"(6(./)-. 0% %,)$.%/)-. '( "(/+",#, <+&%.#,J (/#.-&)/#, 1 &%2(")%0(,
,+*)/)(.2(, 4%"% /+&40)" /#. (,2( #39
(2)6#
% *"(/+(./)% (,2%"> 2%&3)=. "(0%/)#.%'% % 0% =4#/% '(0 %P# 1 '( 0#,
"(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#, (. 0#, &#.)2#"(#, '( /%0)'%' '(0 %$+%J ')6(",)'%'
3)#0-$)/% 1 /)%.#3%/2(")%,J ;+( 6)./+0(. (0 /"(/)&)(.2#J "(3"#2(J 4"(,(./)% #
%+,(./)% '( (,2%, &%0(5%, (. (0 (&3%0,(
#. (0 4"#4-,)2# '( #42)&)5%" 0#, "(/+",#,J +.% &(')'% "(/#&(.'%30( ,(">
"(%0)5%" /%&4%P%, '( &#.)2#"(# %0 &),&# 2)(&4# ;+( 0%, /%&4%P%, '(
/%0)'%' '( %$+% 1 ')6(",)'%' 3)#0-$)/%J '(9
%.'# /#.,2%./)% ;+( 0% *%,( '(
/#.2"#0 ,("> ).'(4(.')(.2( 1 4#,2(")#" % 0% '(0 &#.)2#"(#
+($# '( 0% *%,( '( /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5% %/+>2)/%J ,( "(/#&)(.'% 0% (0%3#"%/)-.
'( ).*#"&(, ,(&(,2"%0(, ;+( (,4(/)*);+(.?
%, >"(%, '( &%0(5% %/+>2)/% "(2)"%'%
0 4(,# *"(,/# '( &%0(5% "(&#6)'%
=2#'#, '( /#.2"#0 1 '),4#,)/)-. *).%0 '( &%0(5%,
A#"%, '( &%.# '( #3"% M9
#".%0(,N
%"2)/)4%/)-. '( #3"("#, 0#/%0(,
#,2#, '( 0#, 4"#/(,#,J (.2"( #2"#,
,2+')# ,#3"( 0% 2%,% '( "(4"#'+//)-. '( 0%, &%0(5%,
0 *).%0 '( /%'% %P# /%0(.'%")#J ,( '(3("> 4"(,(.2%" +. ).*#"&(J ;+( )./0+1%
0%, /#./0+,)#.(, 1 "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, ,#3"( 0% (*)/%/)% '( 0#, &#.)2#"(#, 1
4"#$"%&%, '( /#.2"#0 '( &%0(5%, "(%0)5%'#, '+"%.2( /%'% %P#
( %/+("'# % 0% ).,4(//)-. '( /%&4# 1 % 0% /%"2#$"%*7% '(0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')#J
,( "(/#&)(.'% &#.)2#"(%" 0%, "%&)*)/%/)#.(, # "%&%0(, '(0 (&3%0,( (. 2"%&#,
.# "(/2#,J ;+( ,( +3)/%">. (. (0 >"(% %'1%/(.2( % 0% '(,(&3#/%'+"% '( 0#,
7#, %4#"2%.2(,? )&3(J
#"%0 1 #%/<)J %,7 /#&# (. #2"%, (.2"%.2(,
4"(,(.2(, % 0# 0%"$# '(0 (&3%0,( M (" %30%
N
,2%, "%&)*)/%/)#.(, %/2+%0&(.2( .# (B),2(.J 4("# ,( 4"#'+/)">. (. 0% *%,( '(
00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(J /#.,)'("%.'# ;+( 4#" (*(/2#, '( /%&3)#, '( 0%,
/#.')/)#.(, <)'"#').>&)/%,J ,( 4"(6= ;+( (. (,2#, ,(/2#"(, 0% 6(0#/)'%' '( 0%
/#"")(.2( '),&).+)">

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
(.

! .

))&+4
-

-( - (. /
.% 6(5%0 %P#
#, 6(/(, B%P#
#, 6(/(, B%P#

/ .

( 3
3

Q . 6

/ !

!
/.

( -

2"(, %P#, %4"#B


#, %P#, %4"#B
%P#,

#2%?
(,/")4/)-. "(%0)5%'% (. *+./)-. '(0 +,# 4"(6),2# 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#
:+(.2(? "%3%9
# '( %&4#J %0
'( :(3"("# '(
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; 8
I

" %E%D

( "(%0)5%"> +. &#.)2#"(# '( 0% 4(,/% '),4#.)30( (. 0#, "7#, %4#"2%.2(, K 2%4%


'( #.,2"+//)-.K %,7 /#&# '+"%.2( 0%, (2%4%, '( 0(.%'# '( &3%0,( 1
4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
. 0% (//)-. J (,/")4/)-. '(0 "(% '( ,2+')#J ,( 4"(,(.2- +.% '(,/")4/)-.
/+%0)2%2)6% '( 0%, (,4(/)(, )/2)#0-$)/%, (B),2(.2(, (. 0#, "7#, '( 0% 5#.% '(
(,2+')#
,72%&3)=. ,( "($),2"- 4">/2)/%, 4+.2+%0(, '( 4(,/% 4#" 4%"2( '(
<%3)2%.2(, '(0 >"(%J ,). (&3%"$#J (0 .)6(0 '( 4(,/% ,( /#.,)'("% &%"$).%0
*). '( "(%0)5%" (0 '(3)'# &#.)2#"(# 1 ,($+)&)(.2# '(0 '(,(&4(P#
%&3)(.2%0 '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
J (, "(;+(")'# )&40(&(.2%" +.
4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# '(0 "(/+",# 4(,;+("#
,2# ,( 9
+,2)*)/% (. (0 /%">/2("
0)&)2%'# '( 0% ).*#"&%/)-. '( 07.(% 3%,( %&3)(.2%0 1 % ;+( (, 4"#3%30( ;+( 0%
4"(,(./)% '(0 (&3%0,( ).'+5/% (0 '(,%""#00# '( %/2)6)'%'(, '( 4(,/%J ,(%
'(.2"# '(0 &),&#J %$+%, %"")3% # %$+%, %3%9
#
XI.7.6.1.1

+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( '(3("> (*(/2+%" +.% ).6(,2)$%/)-. ;+( 4("&)2% #32(.("
).')/%'#"(, 3>,)/#, ,#3"( 0% '),2")3+/)-. 1 3)#0#$7% '( 0%, 4")./)4%0(, (,4(/)(,
'( 4(/(, ;+( <%3)2%. (. (0 7# %3% 1 ,+, %4#"2%.2(,
( "($),2"%"> 0% ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( (0 (,*+("5# '( 4(,/% %"2(,%.%0J '( 2%0
&%.("% ;+( ,( 4+('%. 4"(/),%" 0#, 4#,)30(, )&4%/2#, (. 0%, (,4(/)(, '( 4(/(,
;+( ,( '),2")3+1(. '(.2"# '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%"% #32(.(" (,2% ).*#"&%/)-. ,( "(/#&)(.'% "(%0)5%" +. &#.)2#"(# &(.,+%0


'+"%.2( (0 4")&(" %P#J 4#,2(")#"&(.2( '+"%.2( (0 O02)&# %P# 0% *"(/+(./)% '(0
&#.)2#"(# ,("> ,(&(,2"%0
%'% /%&4%P% '( &#.)2#"(# 2(.'"> +.% '+"%/)-. %4"#B)&%'% '( /+%2"# '7%,J
(. (0 /+%0 ,( "(%0)5%">. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, %/2)6)'%'(, $(.("%0(,?
( +3)/%">. % 0#, 4(,/%'#"(, %"2(,%.%0(,J ,( 0#, (.2"(6),2%"> 1 ,(
#32(.'">. &+(,2"%, '( 0%, (,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%,
(')%.2( 0%./(, '( 4(,/% # ).,2%0%/)-. '( +.% "('J ,($O. ,(% *%/2)30(J
,( /%42+"%">. 4(/(, '(&>, &(')%.2( "('(, (,4(/)%0(, ,( #32(.'">.
&+(,2"%, '( %$+% 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0% 4"(,(./)% '( <+(6#, 1 0%"6%, '(
4(/(,
% ).*#"&%/)-. #32(.)'%J '(3("> /#""(,4#.'(" % 0%, "(,4(/2)6%, (,2%/)#.(,
,(/% 1 00+6)#,%J '(3)=.'#,( '(2("&).%" 0%, (,4(/)(, '( 4(/(, /%42+"%'%, 1 (.
/%'% /%,#?
%00%, 1 4(,#, '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
,2)&%" 0% "(0%/)-. 0#.$)2+' 4(,# 1 *%/2#" '( /#.')/)-.
.>0),), 4#"/(.2+%0 '( ,(B#, 1 (,2%')#, '( &%'+"(5,(B+%0
.>0),), '( /#.2(.)'# (,2#&%/%0 1 /#.2(.)'# $"%,#
:(/+.')'%' (. 0#, /%,#, (. ;+( ,( "($),2"(. (,4(/)&(.(, <(&3"%,
/#. '(,%""#00# $#.%'%0 %6%.5%'# # 4"-B)&%, % (6%/+%"
,2)&%" 0% 2%00% &(')% '( &%'+"(5,(B+%0
,2)&%" 2%00%, '( 0#, 4(/(, (. ')6(",#, ,(/2#"(, '(0 "7#
2"%6=, '( 0%, (.2"(6),2%, % 0#, 4(,/%'#"(, ,( #32(.'"> 0% ).*#"&%/)-.
,)$+)(.2(?
+$%"(, 1 =4#/%, '( 4(,/%
,2)&%/)-. '(0 .O&("# '( 4(,/%'#"(, %"2(,%.%0(,
,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%, ( ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 0% /%42+"% 4(")-')/%L&(,
%"%/2("7,2)/%, 1 ')&(.,)#.(, '( 0%, %"2(, '( 4(,/% 1 (&3%"/%/)#.(,
;+( *+("(. +2)0)5%'%, #/%,)#.%0&(.2(
#&(.2%")#, ,#3"( /%&3)#, (,2%/)#.%0(, K(,2%/)-. ,(/% 1 00+6)#,%
(. 0% '),4#.)3)0)'%' '( 0#, 4(/(, 2"%')/)#.%0&(.2( /%42+"%'#,
")(.2%/)#.(, ,#3"( 0%, =4#/%, 1 0+$%"(, '( "(4"#'+//)-. # '(
%0(6).%9
(
%, (,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%, 1 /#&("/)%0)5%'%, ,(">. )'(.2)*)/%'%, &(')%.2(
#3,("6%/)-. ')"(/2% 1 &(')%.2( (0 +,# '( /0%6(, '( )'(.2)*)/%/)-. 2%B#.-&)/%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% 2%00% ).')6)'+%0 '( 0#, 4(/(, ,("> '(2("&).%'% 4#" &(')# '( +.% 0>&).%
&(2>0)/% '#2%'% '( +.% "($0% $"%'+%'% (. &)07&(2"#, /#.#/)'% /#&#
I)/2)-&(2"#GJ /#.,)'("%.'# 0% &(')/)-. '( 0% 0#.$)2+' 2#2%0 M'(,'( (0 <#/)/#
<%,2% (0 (B2"(&# &>, ,%0)(.2( '( 0% %0(2% /%+'%0N
0 4(,# ).')6)'+%0 '( 0#, 4(/(, ,("> "($),2"%'# (. $"%&#,J &(')%.2( +.%
3%0%.5% '( 4"(/),)-. %, 2%00%, '( 0#, 4(/(, ,(">. "($),2"%'%, (. *#"&+0%")#,
;+( *%/)0)2(. 0% '(2("&).%/)-. '( 0% *"(/+(./)% '( 2%00%, ,($O. ).2("6%0#, #
/0%,(,
#, '%2#, '( 0%, 2%00%, 1 4(,#, '( 0#, 4(/(, ,(">. /#""(0%/)#.%'#, 4%"%
'(2("&).%" 0% "(0%/)-. 0#.$)2+' 4(,#J /#(*)/)(.2( '( /#""(0%/)-. 1 0%,
(/+%/)#.(, "(,4(/2)6%,
0 ,(B# 1 &%'+"(5 ,(B+%0 '( 0#, 4(/(, ,( '(2("&).%"> &(')%.2( #3,("6%/)-.
')"(/2% '( 0%, $-.%'%, 1 /#.,)'("%.'# +.% (,/%0% '( &%'+"(5,(B+%0 '( /)./#
(,2%'7#, M J ).&%'+"# ).)/)%0Q J ).&%'+"# &(')#Q
&%'+"#Q
4"-B)&# %
(6%/+%" 1 J (6%/+%'#N %, '(2("&).%/)#.(, &%/"#,/-4)/%, '(0 $"%'# '(
&%'+"(5,(B+%0 '( 0#, (,4(/)&(.(, <(&3"%,J ,("> 6%0)'%'% &(')%.2( %.>0),),
<),2#0-$)/# '( 0#, #6%")#,J 4%"% 0# /+%0 ,( '(2("&).%"> (0 $"%'# '( '(,%""#00#
'( 0#, #6#/)2#, # /=0+0%, "(4"#'+/2#"%,
0 "($),2"# '( 2%00%, ,("> "(0%/)#.%'# /#. (0 $"%'# '( &%'+"(5 ,(B+%0J /#. 0%
*).%0)'%' '( (,2)&%" 2%00%, '( &%'+"(5 ,(B+%0 '( 0%, (,4(/)(, '( 4(/(,
&%1#"&(.2( '),4#.)30(,
%"% '(,%""#00%" (0 &#.)2#"(# '+"%.2( (,2% *%,( ,( "(;+(")"> '( +. 3)-0#$#
(,4(/)%0),2% (. "(/+",#, 4(,;+("#, 1 '( +. 3)-0#$# %1+'%.2(
XI.7.6.1.2

+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,( ,( "(/#&)(.'% "(%0)5%" &+(,2"(#, /%'%
,(), &(,(, &(')%.2( 0% +2)0)5%/)-. '( '#, "('(, '( (.&%00( '( ,+4("*)/)( 1 '#,
'( *#.'#J %,7/#&# 0%./(, '( 4(,/% /#. +.% %2%""%1%
(,+&(. '(0 &#.)2#"(# '( 4(/(, '+"%.2( 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(
:"(/+(./)%? /%'% ,(), &(,(,
(,/")4/)-.? #, &+(,2"(#, /%'% %P#J /%'% &+(,2"(# ,( "(*)("( % 0% 4(,/%
(B40#"%2#")% (*(/2+%'% &(')%.2( "('(, '( (.&%00( ).,2%0%'%, 4#" 0# &(.#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

'+"%.2( /+%2"# '7%,J "(6),%'%, ')%")%&(.2( 4%"% "(2)"%" 0#, 4(/(,J 1 ,(), 0%./(,
')%")#, '( 4(,/% &(')%.2( %2%""%1% '+"%.2( 0#, &),&#, /+%2"# '7%,
/2)6)'%'(,

(2%00%'%,

+"%.2( (,2( 4"#/(,# ,("> )&4#"2%.2( 2#&%" /#&# "(*("(./)% 0#, '%2#, ;+( ,(
#32(.$%. '(0 &#.)2#"(# "(%0)5%'# '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.J 4%"%
')&(.,)#.%" 0%, %"2(, '( 4(,/% % +2)0)5%",(
# %.2(")#" 4("&)2)"> /%42+"%"
&%1#")2%")%&(.2( % 0#, 4(/(, %'+02#,
. "(,+&(.J ,( "(/#&)(.'% "(%0)5%" 4(,/% (B40#"%2#")% &(')%.2( &+(,2"(#,
%.+%0(, '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( 00(.%'# '(0 (&3%0,(
( /%'% &+(,2"(# ,( #32(.'"> 0% ,)$+)(.2( ).*#"&%/)-.?
+$%" '( /%42+"% '( 0%, (,4(/)(,
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( (,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%,
.*#"&%/)-. '( 0%, 6%")%30(, '( 2%00%J 4(,#J ,(B#J &%'+"(5,(B+%0 '( 0%,
(,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%,
(2("&).%/)-. '(0 /#.2(.)'# (,2#&%/%0 '( 0%, (,4(/)(, /%42+"%'%,J
&(')%.2( 0% (B2"%//)-. '( 0#, (,2-&%$#,
#. 2#'% 0% ).*#"&%/)-. "(/#4)0%'% ,( '(2("&).%">?
o
(0%/)-. 0#.$)2+' K 4(,#
o :"(/+(./)% '( 2%00%,
o :%/2#" '( /#.')/)-.J 7.')/( '( &%'+"(5,(B+%0
o .')/%'#"(, '( 0% 2%00% '( &%'+"(5,(B+%0
XI.7.6.1.3

(,+&(. &#.)2#"(# '( 4(/(, '+"%.2( 0%

4("%/)-.

0 &+(,2"(# ,( "(%0)5%"> 0+($# '( 0#, 4")&("#, ,(), &(,(, '( <%3(",( 00(.%'#
(0 (&3%0,(J /#. +.% *"(/+(./)% ,(&(,2"%0 . 2#2%0 2"(, &+(,2"(#,
%'% &+(,2"(# ,( "(*)("(? N % 0% 4(,/% (B40#"%2#")% (*(/2+%'% &(')%.2( "('(,
'( (.&%00( ).,2%0%'%, 4#" 0# &(.#, '+"%.2( /+%2"# '7%,J "(6),%'%,
')%")%&(.2( 4%"% "(2)"%" 0#, 4(/(, 1 ,(), 0%./(, ')%")#, '( 4(,/% &(')%.2(
%2%""%1% '+"%.2( 0#, &),&#, /+%2"# '7%,J N &>, 4"#,4(//)-. <)'"#%/O,2)/%J
4#" &(')# '( +. (/#,#.'% ).,2%0%'# (. +.% /%.#% '#2%'% /#. &#2#" *+("% '(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3#"'%J '( 2%0 &%.("% ,( "(/#""% (0 (,4(9


# '( %$+% '(0 (&3%0,( &(')%.2(
2"%1(/2#, 0).(%0(,

/2)6)'%'(,

(2%00%'%,

(), &(,(, '(,4+=, '( /#./0+)'% 0% *%,( '( 0(.%'#J ,( "(/#&)(.'% "(%0)5%"
&+(,2"(#, &(')%.2( *%(.%, '( 4(,/% (B40#"%2#")% 1 /#&40(&(.2%")%&(.2(
(*(/2+%" 4"#,4(//)#.(, <)'"#%/O,2)/%,J 4%"% 0# /+%0 ,( '(3(">. /#.,)'("%" 0%,
).')/%/)#.(, ,)$+)(.2(,?
% 4"#,4(//)-. <)'"#%/O,2)/% ,( "(%0)5%">
&(')%.2(
(/#,#.'%
).,2%0%'% (. +.% (&3%"/%/)-. 2)4# /%.#%J '#2%'% '( +. &#2#" *+("% '(
3#"'% '( 3%9
% 4#2(./)% 1 3%,( '( <=0)/( '( /#"2% (B2(.,)-.
( (,2%
&%.("% ,( 4#'">. "(%0)5%" "(/#"")'#, /#. 2"%1(/2#, 0).(%0(, '(.2"# '(0
(&3%0,( #, "(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#, &(')%.2( (,2% (/#,#.'% 4("&)2)">.
)'(.2)*)/%" 0#, 0+$%"(, '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,( '#.'( (B),2)"> +.% &%1#"
/#./(.2"%/)-. '( 4(/(,J %,7 /#&# 2%&3)=. 4("&)2)"> "($),2"%" 0#,
4+0,#, '( "(,4+(,2% 1 (,2)&%" 0% 2(.'(./)% /#. "(0%/)-. % 0% 3)#&%,%
'( 4(/(, '),4#.)30( (. (0 (,2%.;+( . (0 /#"2# 40%5#J (,2% ).*#"&%/)-.
,("> '( &+/<% +2)0)'%' 4%"% #")(.2%" 0% /#0#/%/)-. '( 0%, "('(, '(
(.&%00( 1 0#, 0%./(, '( 4(,/% /#. 0% %2%""%1% 4%"% 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( 0%
4(,/% (B40#"%2#")%
#.*#"&( ,( '(,%""#00( 0% 4"#,4(//)-. <)'"#%/O,2)/%J ,( '(3(">.
).,2%0%" 0%, "('(, '( (.&%00( (. 0#, ,)2)#, (. 0#, ;+( ,( <% )'(.2)*)/%'#
0% &%1#" /#./(.2"%/)-. '( 4(/(, 1 ,( "(%0)5%">. 0%./(, '( 4(,/%
&(')%.2( +.% %2%""%1%
#&# "(,+02%'# ,( 2(.'"> +. 3+(.
/#.#/)&)(.2# ,#3"( 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, '( 4(/(, ;+( ,( <%. 0#$"%'#
(,2%30(/(" '(.2"# '(0 (&3%0,(
%, "('(, '( (.&%00( ,( ).,2%0%">. '+"%.2( /+%2"# '7%,J 1 ,(">. "(6),%'%,
')%")%&(.2(
#, 0%./(, '( 4(,/% &(')%.2( %2%""%1% ,( "(%0)5%">. 2%&3)=.
'+"%.2( /+%2"# '7%,J 1 % ,+ 6(5/%'% '7% ,( "(%0)5%">. ,(), 0%./(,
#,2(")#"&(.2(J /%'% ,(&(,2"( ,( '(3("> "(4(2)" 0% 4(,/% (B40#"%2#")% /#. 0%,
"('(, ).')/%'%, %.2(")#"&(.2( 1 0% 4"#,4(//)-. <)'"#%/O,2)/% <%,2% /#&40(2%"
0#, 2"(, &#.)2#"(#, ,(&(,2"%0(, 4"#4+(,2#, ,2# 4("&)2)"> /#.#/(" (0 4"#/(,#
'( %'%42%/)-. '( 0#, 4(/(, ( )./0+,)6( ,( 4#'"7% "(%0)5%" +.% (,2)&%/)-. '( 0%
3)#&%,% '( 4(/(, ;+( (,2%"7% 4%"/)%0&(.2( '),4#.)30( 4%"% 0%, %"2(, '( 4(,/%
K%"2(,%.%0 # '(4#"2)6%,K ;+( *+("(. %+2#")5%'%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %E%E

+"%.2( (0 4")&(" %P#J 4#,2(")#" % 0% "(*#"(,2%/)-. '(0 >"(% (. /+(,2)-.J ,(


"(/#&)(.'% +. &#.)2#"(# 2")&(,2"%0 ;+( '(2("&).( /"(/)&)(.2# 1 &#"2%0)'%'
(. /%'% >"(% % "(6($(2%",(?
%3(/("%, '( 0#, 7#, %3% 1 #0#
>"$(.(, '( 0#, 7#, %3% 1 #0#J %$+%, %"")3% '(0 (&3%0,(
>"$(.(, '(0 @"(% '(0 (&3%0,(
+"%.2( (0 4")&(" %P# ,( "(/#&)(.'% 2%&3)=. +. '(,3"#/( &(.,+%0
M0)&4)(5% '( &%0(5%,NJ %,7/#&# ")($# '+"%.2( 0% (,2%/)-. ,(/%
+"%.2( 0#, 2"(, 4")&("#, %P#,J '(3("> "(%0)5%",( +. '(,3"#/( 2")&(,2"%0 '(
&%.("% ,(0(/2)6%J 3%9
# 0% ')"(//)-. '( +. (,4(/)%0),2%
4%"2)" '(0 ,($+.'# %P# (,2( &#.)2#"(# '( &#"2%0)'%' 1 /"(/)&)(.2# '(3(">
"(%0)5%",( +.% 6(5%0 %P#J '( &#'# 4("&%.(.2(
" %E%
'

+"%.2( 2#'# (0 4"#/(,# '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"%J %,7 /#&# '+"%.2( 0%
#4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J (0 :)'()/#&),# K A '(3("> "(%0)5%" ).6(.2%")#, '(
0#, '%2#, &(2(#"#0-$)/#, '( 0% 5#.%
%"% (,2#J ,( +2)0)5%">. 0%, (,2%/)#.(,
&(2(#"#0-$)/%, 2%.2# (B),2(.2(, /#&# 0%, .(/(,%")%, % ,(" )&40(&(.2%'%, 4#"
4%"2( '( 0% (&4"(,% $(.("%'#"% '( (.("$7%
%, (,2%/)#.(, &(2(#"#0-$)/%, (B),2(.2(, (,2>. %'&).),2"%'%, 4#" (0 .,2)2+2#
%/)#.%0 '( (2(#"#0#$7% ( A)'"#0#$7% '(0 /+%'#" M
A NJ (0 &),&# ;+(
*+( /"(%'# 4%"% ,+&).),2"%" ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( (0 2)(&4#J (0 /0)&% 1 0#,
"(/+",#, <7'")/#,
A (&)2( 4(")-')/%&(.2( ).*#"&(, 0#, &),&#, ;+(
,)"6(. 4%"% 0% 4+30)/%/)-. *).%0 '( +. .+%")# (2(#"#0-$)/#
# #3,2%.2( 0% (B),2(./)% '( (,2%/)#.(, '(0
A J (0 &%.(9
# '( +.
4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/# '( 0% &%$.)2+' '(0 "#1(/2# %3%J '(&%.'%"> +.
/#.#/)&)(.2# 4(")-')/#J /#. ).*#"&%/)-. '( 4")&("% &%.#J 0# /+%0 ,("6)">
4%"% "(%0)5%" %.>0),), #4("%2)6#, 1 (6%0+%/)#.(, '(0 &%.(9
# '(0 &3%0,( 1 '(
0% (.2"%0 A)'"#(0=/2")/%
%"% (,2( *). ,( "(/#&)(.'% )&40(&(.2%" +.% "('
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&(2(#"#0-$)/% /#.*#"&%'% 4#" %0 &(.#, 2"(,


4("&)2%. 0% #32(./)-. '( '%2#, /#.*)%30(,

,2%/)#.(,

+2#&>2)/%, ;+(

XI.7.8.1
.% (,2%/)-. &(2(#"#0-$)/% %+2#&>2)/% (,2> /#.*#"&%'% 4#" +. /#.9
+.2# '(
,(.,#"(, ;+( "($),2"%. 1 2"%.,&)2(. ).*#"&%/)-. '( 6%")%30(, &(2(#"#0-$)/%,
'( *#"&% %+2#&>2)/%J (. 0#, ,)2)#, '#.'( (,2>. (,2"%2=$)/%&(.2( /#0#/%'%,
+ *+./)-. 4")./)4%0 (, 0% "(/#4)0%/)-. 1 &#.)2#"(# '( %0$+.%, 6%")%30(, '(0
0+$%"J 4%"% $(.("%" %"/<)6#, '(0 4"#&(')# '( /%'% +.%
0 2)(&4# '(
&(')/)-. '( 6%")%30(, 4+('( ,(" *)9
%'# (. /%'%
&).+2#,J #32(.)=.'#,( (0
6%0#" 4"#&(')# 4%"% +.% 6%")%30( &(2(#"#0-$)/% (.2"( % <#"%,
0 >"(%
"(4"(,(.2%2)6% '( 0%, (,2%/)#.(, (, '(
S& '( "%')# %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
% %30%
8 &+(,2"% 0%, 6%")%30(, &(2(#"#0-$)/%, ;+( %.%0)5%. (,2%,
(,2%/)#.(, %+2#&>2)/%,J %,7 /#&# 0%, '(,/")4/)#.(, '( /%'% +.% '( (00%,
:).%0&(.2(J 4%"% /+3")" '( &(9
#" &%.("% (0 >"(% '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,( 4"#4#.( '(
&%.("% 4"(0)&).%" ;+( 0% +3)/%/)-. '( (,2%, (,2%/)#.(, &(2(#"#0-$)/%, ,(%?
. 0% #"#.% '( 0% "(,%
. 0% %3(/("%
'(0 &3%0,(J % 0% %02+"% '(0 7# )&3(
. %0 %3(/("%
'(0 &3%0,(J % 0% %02+"% '( %2")/)% )0%"
2"% %02(".%2)6% '( +3)/%/)-. ;+( '(3("> /#.,)'("%",( (, 0% +3)/%/)-. (. 0%,
/%3(/("%, '( 0#, "7#, '( 0% /+(./%
!
*

-# !

.
.

-!

)"(//)-. '(0 6)(.2# '( ">*%$% MR

(0#/)'%' '(0 6)(.2# MR hN

M8
8

51

/! #A!

hN

- .

# ! . 51
)"(//)-. '(0 6)(.2# M
N

*;; ?
$#,2#

.
-

* .

(0#/)'%' '(0 6)(.2# '( ">*%$% MR

))&+D

0 6%0#" #32(.)'# (, (0 4"#&(')# '(


&).+2#, '( 0%
')"(//)-. '(0 6)(.2# % ')"(//)-. ).')/% '( '#.'(
4"#6)(.( (0 6)(.2#J ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (. $"%'#,
'#.'( e(, .#"2( 6("'%'("#
% ')"(//)-. '(0 6)(.2# '( ">*%$% (, 0% ')"(//)-. '(
'#.'( 4"#6)(.( 0% ">*%$% &>, ).2(.,% (. +. 0%4,# '(
&).+2#,J ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (. $"%'#,
% 6(0#/)'%' '(0 6)(.2# (, (0 4"#&(')# %")2&=2)/# '(
0%, 6(0#/)'%'(, &(')'%, (. +. 0%4,# '(
&).+2#,J ,+
+.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (. h& L<
% 6(0#/)'%' '(0 6)(.2# '( ">*%$% (, 0% &>B)&%
6(0#/)'%' &(')'% (. +. ).2("6%0# '(
&).+2#, M,(
2#&%. &+(,2"%, /%'% ,($NJ ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

* .
# ! .

- .

51

(. h&L<
, 0% 2(&4("%2+"% 4"#&(')# '( 0%, &(')/)#.(,
"(%0)5%'%, (. +. 0%4,# '(
&).+2#, M,( 2#&%.
&+(,2"%, /%'% &).+2#NJ ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (.
e
% <+&('%' "(0%2)6% (, (0 4"#&(')# '( 0%, &(')/)#.(,
"(%0)5%'%, (. +. ).2("6%0# '(
&).+2#, M,( 2#&%.
&+(,2"%, /%'% &).+2#NJ ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (.
T
% 4"(,)-. 3%"#&=2")/% (, (0 4"#&(')# '( 0%,
&(')/)#.(, "(%0)5%'%, (. +. 0%4,# '(
&).+2#, M,(
2#&%. &+(,2"%, /%'% &).+2#NJ ,+ +.)'%' '(
&(')/)-. (, (0 &3 M&)0)3%"N
, 0% 0>&).% '( 4"(/)4)2%/)-. %/+&+0%'% (. +. 0%4,#
'(
&).+2#,J ,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (0 &&
M&)07&(2"#N
% "%')%/)-. ,#0%" ,#. 0#, 6%0#"(, 4"#&(')# &(')'#,
(. +. 0%4,# '(
&).+2#, M,( 2#&%. &(')/)#.(, /%'%
&).+2#NJ
,+ +.)'%' '( &(')/)-. (, (. R L&iMV%22L&iN

(&4("%2+"% 4"#&(')# M 6$ (&4N

A+&('%' "(0%2)6% M 6$ AN

"(,)-. %"#&=2")/% M 6$

"(/)4)2%/)-. M %).N

%')%/)-. M 6$

:+(.2(? ,2%/)#.(,
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

" %E%J

(2(#"#0-$)/%,
J
8

+2#&>2)/%,

0 :)'()/#&),# K A 00(6%"> "($),2"#, '( 0% $(.("%/)-. '( 0#, "(,)'+#,J 2%.2#


.#"&%0(, /#&# 4(0)$"#,#,J $(.("%'#, '+"%.2( 0#, 4"#/(,#, '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1
#4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J % *). '( 4#'(" /+%.2)*)/%" (0 6#0+&(. '( 0#, &),&#,J
0% *#"&% '( '),4#,)/)-. 1 ,+ '(,2).# *).%0
,72%&3)=.J ,( "($),2"%"> (0 6#0+&(. '( '(,(/<#, %/()2#,#, ;+( ,( '(,(/<(.J
).'(4(.')(.2(&(.2( '(0 2"%2%&)(.2# '( (0)&).%/)-. *).%0 % %40)/%",( % 0#,
&),&#,
( (&40(%">. *#"&+0%")#, ).2(".#, 4%"% (0 "($),2"# '( 0%,
/%.2)'%'(, '(,(/<%'%, &(.,+%0&(.2(
" %E%)K

29

#&# ,( )'(.2)*)/- (. (,2( (,2+')#J 0#, (*0+(.2(, 07;+)'#, ;+( ,( $(.("%">.J


4"#'+/2# '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% #3"% ,#.? %$+%, "(,)'+%0(,
).'+,2")%0(,J %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, '#&=,2)/%,J %$+%, $"),(, '( 2"%&4%, '( $"%,% 1
%$+%, 00+6)%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.7.10.1

%, %$+%, "(,)'+%0(, ).'+,2")%0(,J ,( 4"(6= 4"#6(.'">. '(0 0%6%'# '( 0%,


/%.%0(2%, 1 2%&3#"(, '( 0#, /%&)#.(, &)B(", (./%"$%'#, '( 0% '),2")3+/)-.
'(0 <#"&)$-. '(.2"# '( 0% #3"%
,2% %/2)6)'%' (, /%"%/2("7,2)/% '(.2"# '( 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '( +.% $"%. #3"% '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% /#&# (, +.% 4"(,%J 4#" 0#
;+( 0%, %$+%, '( 0%6%'# '(3(">. ,(" 2"%2%'%, (. +.% 4),/).% '(
,(')&(.2%/)-.J 4%"% 4#,2(")#"&(.2( ,(" "(+2)0)5%'%
0 :)'()/#&),# (. /#.9
+.2# /#. 0% /#&4%P7% /#.2"%2),2% '( 0% #3"%J '(3(">
0+($# (6%0+%" (0 +,# % #2#"$%",( %0 %$+% "(,)'+%0 '(0 0%6%'# '( /%&)#.(,
&(5/0%'#"(,
)(.2"%, (0 %$+% .# ,(% "(+2)0)5%'% # "(/)/0%'%J ,( '(3(">
"($),2"%" 1 &#.)2#"(%" /+%0;+)(" '(,/%"$% *).%0 '( 0% 4),/).% '(
,(')&(.2%/)-.J 2%.2# (. =4#/% '( 00+6)% /#&# (. (,2%/)-. ,(/%
XI.7.10.2

% 40%.2% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# % )&40(&(.2%",( (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# M#4/)-. '(


40%.2% 4%;+(2( # 4#5# ,=42)/# /#. 2"%2%&)(.2# '( (*0+(.2(N '(3("> (,2%" ,+9
(2%
% +. (,2")/2# /#.2"#0 ( ).,4(//)-. 4(")-')/% M'( ,(" %40)/%30(J ,($O. 0#
'(2("&).( 0%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, '(0 *%3")/%.2(N 4%"% 6(")*)/%" ;+( (0 ,),2(&%
2"%3%9
% (. -42)&%, /#.')/)#.(,
0 4(",#.%0 '(,2).%'# 4%"% 0% 0)&4)(5% #
).,4(//)-. '(3("> (,2%" 4"#6),2# '( +. "(,4(/2)6# (;+)4# '( ,($+")'%'
( '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" +. "($),2"# '( 0%, 0)&4)(5%, ;+( ,( (*(/2O(. %0 ,),2(&%
'( 2"%2%&)(.2# ;+( ,( %'#42( (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# ( "(/#&)(.'% /#&# 3+(.%
4">/2)/% #4("%2)6% (0 &#.)2#"(# '(0 (*0+(.2( '#&=,2)/# '(0 ,),2(&% '(
2"%2%&)(.2# %0 &(.#, +.% 6(5 /%'% &(,(, 4%"% %,($+"%" /+&40)&)(.2# /#.
0% .#"&%2)6% %&3)(.2%0 6)$(.2(
XI.7.10.3

#, (*0+(.2(, ;+( .(/(,)2(. 2"%2%&)(.2# (. +. ,),2(&% '( ,(4%"%/)-. '(


$"%,%, 1 %/()2(, '(3(">. ,(" ,+9
(2#, % %.>0),), '( &#.)2#"(# '( /%0)'%' %.2(,
'( ,(" 6("2)'#, %0 &(')# ). (&3%"$#J (,2# .# ,("> .(/(,%")# ,) (,2#, ,),2(&%,
(,2>. +3)/%'#, (. (0 /%&4%&(.2# 1 /#.(/2%'#, %0 ,),2(&% '( 2"%2%&)(.2# '(
%$+%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#, 4%">&(2"#, % '(2("&).%",( ,#.? %/()2(, 1 $"%,%,J <)'"#/%"3+"#, 2#2%0(, '(


4(2"-0(#J 4A 0 &#.)2#"(# 2(.'"> 4(")#')/)'%' 2")&(,2"%0
. /+%0;+)(" /%,#J ,( '(3("> "(%0)5%" ).,4(//)#.(, 2")&(,2"%0(, '( 0#,
,(4%"%'#"(, '( $"%,%, % *). '( (6%0+%" ,+ /#""(/2# *+./)#.%&)(.2#J 1 00(6%"
"($),2"#, '( 4#,)30(, %.#&%07%, (. (0 &),&# % 0)&4)(5% 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2#
;+( ,( (*(/2O( (. (,2( ,),2(&% '(3("> ;+('%" "($),2"%'% 4#" 4%"2( '( 0%
%'&).),2"%/)-. '(0 /%&4%&(.2# '( #3"% % $"%,% ;+( ,( "(2)"( '(3(">
'(,%0#9
%",( /#. 0#, "(,)'+#, '( /%">/2(" #"$>.)/# ,)$+)(.'# (0 4"#/(')&)(.2#?
B2"%(" 0% /%4% '( $"%,% %/+&+0%'% (. 0%, />&%"%, '( 0% 2"%&4% '(
$"%,%J (&40(%.'# (0 /('%5# '( &(.#" 2%&%P#
(9
%" (,/+"")" (. (0 /('%5# &>, $"%.'(J 4#" (,4%/)# '( +.% <#"%J (0
%$+% %/#&4%P%.2( '(0 /('%5#
(5/0%"J (. (0 3%0'( '(
0)2"#, '( /%4%/)'%'J 0% $"%,% #32(.)'% /#.
+.% /%.2)'%' '( %"(.% (;+)6%0(.2( %0
T '(0 4(,# '(0 &%2(")%0
(,/+"")'#
#,2(")#"&(.2( ,( %P%'( /%0 % 0% &(5/0% #32(.)'% (. (0 3%0'(J
(&40(%.'# +.% 4"#4#"/)-. '( 8 $"%&#, M0)3"% 1 &(')%N 4#" /%'%
0)2"#, M# +.% /%.(/%N '( $"%,% 2"%2%'% /#. %"(.% %"% /%.2)'%'(, '(
$"%,% &(.#"(,J ,( '(3( /%0/+0%" 0% /%.2)'%' '( /%0 % (&40(%",(
+2)0)5%.'# +.% "($0% '( 2"(, ,)&40(
% &(5/0% 4"#'+/2# '( (,2( 2"%2%&)(.2# '(3( '(4#,)2%",( (. *+.'%,
40>,2)/%, /#0#" 6("'( 0)&-.J /#. (0 *). '( ')*("(./)%"0%, '(0 "(,2# '(
'(,(/<#,J 1 ,(" '),4+(,2%, 4%"% ,+ "(/#0(//)-.
8

% 0)&4)(5% '( (,2%, 2"%&4%, '(3( "(%0)5%",( /%'% '#, '7%, #


'(4(.')(.'# '(0 6#0+&(. '( $"%,% ;+( ,( $(.("(

" %E%
))

0 &#.)2#"(# $(#&#"*#0-$)/# '(0 >"(% '(0 "#1(/2# ,( 3%,%"> (. 0%


).2("4"(2%/)-. '( )&>$(.(, ,%2(0)2%0(, (. *#"&% ')$)2%0
,2%, )&>$(.(,
'(3(">. ,(" 4(")-')/%&(.2( %/2+%0)5%'%, 4%"% ;+( ,+ ).2("4"(2%/)-. 4("&)2%
/#&4"(.'(" 0% (6#0+/)-. $(#&#"*#0-$)/% '( 0% "($)-. ).*0+(./)%'% 4#" (0
(&3%0,(J 4%"% /#.2")3+)" %0 (.2(.')&)(.2# '( 0% )./)'(./)% '(0 &),&# (.
>&3)2#, .%2+"%0(, 4"-B)&#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.7.11.1
( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( 0% &(2#'#0#$7% 4%"% 0% #32(./)-. '( 0% /%"2#$"%*7% 1
&%4%, 2(&>2)/#, '(0 >"(% ,(% "(%0)5%'% (. 3%,( % 0# '(,/")2# (. 0% (//)-. '(0
4"(,(.2(
,2% ).*#"&%/)-. ,("6)"> /#&# "(*("(./)% 4%"% 0% (0%3#"%/)-.
'( 0#, *+2+"#, &%4%, $(#&#"*#0-$)/#, '( 0% 5#.%
%, )&>$(.(, ,%2(0)2%0(, %.%0)5%'%, '(3(">. ,(" "(6),%'%, &(')%.2(
/#&4%"%/)-. /#. *#2#$"%*7%, %="(%, '( 0% 5#.%
%, *#2#$"%*7%, ( )&>$(.(,
,("6)">. %'(&>, 4%"% &%4(%" 07&)2(, %$+% 2)(""%J /%&3)#, '( 6($(2%/)-.J
<)'"#$"%*7% 1 $(#*#"&%,
%, ')*("(./)%, '( (,/%0% (. 0%, *#2#$"%*7%, %="(%,
;+( ,( #32(.$%. '(3(">. ,(" )$+%0%'%, (. +.% />&%"% *#2#&(/>.)/%
'(&>,J 4%"% 2(.(" +.% &(9
#" %4"(/)%/)-. 1 /%0)'%' '( "(,+02%'#,J ,(
"(/#&)(.'% "(/#"")'#, '( /%&4# (. 2#'% (0 >"(% '( (,2+')#
#&# "(,+02%'# *).%0 ,( '(3(">. #32(.(" &%4%, $(#&#"*#0-$)/#,J % (,/%0%
?
J 0#, &),&#, ;+( ,("6)">. 4%"% "(%0)5%" ).2("4"(2%/)#.(, '+"%.2( 0%
#4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
0 4"(,(.2(
)./0+1( +. &%4% $(#&#"*#0-$)/#J
(,/%0% ?
J %/2+%0)5%'# % .("# '(0
M6(" .(B# NJ (0 &),&# ;+(
,("6)"> /#&# 4+.2# '( 4%"2)'% 4%"% +. %.>0),), /#&4%"%2)6#J '(3)'# % ;+(
/#.2)(.( 0%, +.)'%'(, $(#&#"*#0-$)/%, %/2+%0(,J 4"(6)%, %0 00(.%'# '(0
(&3%0,(
XI.7.11.2

% *"(/+(./)% '( &#.)2#"(# $(#&#"*#0-$)/#J &(')%.2( )&>$(.(, ,%2(0)2%0(,J


,("> '(/)')'% (. *+./)-. '( 0% #/+""(./)% '( (6(.2#, .%2+"%0(, 2%0(, /#&#
6(.2# 0 )P# # &#6)&)(.2#, 2(0O")/#,
%0(, (6(.2#, 4#,((. &%1#"
4#2(./)%0 '( ).'+/)" /%&3)#, ,)$.)*)/%2)6#, (. 0% $(#&#"*#0#$7% '(0 ,)2)# '(
(&3%0,(J /#. "(,4(/2# % 0%, %//)#.(, 4"#4)%, '( (,/#""(.27%, 1 6)(.2#, '+"%.2(
%P#, '( (6(.2# # )P#
. 2#'# /%,#J 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( (,2( 4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# ,( ).)/)%"> +.% 6(5
*).%0)5%'% 0% 2%4% '( 0(.%'# '(0 &3%0,(
XI.7.11.3

"

% %';+),)/)-. '( )&>$(.(, ,%2(0)2%0(,J /%,# '(


! (&40(%'% (. (,2(
J '(3("> ,(" "(%0)5%'% 4#" :)'()/#&),# K A
( 0# '(,/")2# %"")3%J 0%
*"(/+(./)% '( (6%0+%/)-. '(3("> ,(" '(/)')'% 4#" 0% ("(./)% &3)(.2%0 '( 0%
(&4"(,% $(.("%'#"%J (. "(,4+(,2% % (6(.2#, .%2+"%0(, ;+( "(4("/+2)(,(. (. 0%
$(#&#"*#0#$7% '(0 (&3%0,(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %E%)+

>

( 0# '(,/")2# (. (,2(
J :)'()/#&),# K A '(3("> *#"&+0%" +. 0%. '(
#.2"#0 '( "#,)-.J %40)/%30( % 0% 2%4% '( 4("%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# %3%
.2"( 0#, #39
(2)6#, '( (,2( 40%. ,( (./+(.2"% (0 '(2("&).%" 0%, >"(%, '( &>,
%02% ,(.,)3)0)'%' ("#,)6%J 1 4#" (.'( &>, /"72)/%, '(0 (.2#".# '(0 (&3%0,(
./0+,)6(J ,( '(,%""#00%">. &%4%, 2(&>2)/#, "(*("(.2(, % ("#,)-.
,2% ).*#"&%/)-. 3%,( #32(.)'% '+"%.2( 0%, ')*("(.2(, %/2)6)'%'(, '(0 40%.J
/+3")"> (0 %.>0),), '( 0#, (6(.2#, '( '(,0)5%&)(.2#, '( 2)(""% ;+( ,( ,+,/)2(. %
0# 0%"$# '( 0% 6)'% O2)0 '(0 4"#1(/2#J (6%0+%.'# %'(&>, 0%, &%$.)2+'(, '(
'(""+&3(,J '(,4"(.')&)(.2#,J ,#0)*0+//)-. 1 /%"/%6%&)(.#, (. 0% 5#.%
( 0# '(,/")2#J '(3(">. "(%0)5%",( ).*#"&(, ,(&(,2"%0(, 4%"% 0#, (6(.2#,
&(./)#.%'#,J '( 00($%",( % 4"(,(.2%" ,2#, ).*#"&(, ,("6)">. /#&# "($),2"#,
<),2-")/#, 1 ,(">. +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% '(,%""#00%" &(')'%, '( "(&(')%/)-. '(
(,2#, *(.-&(.#,
%"% (*(/2#, '( 0#$"%" +. %'(/+%'# &%.(9
# ).2($"%0 '(0
"#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
J ,( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( 0#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0#, ).*#"&(, '(
#.)2#"(# '( (,0)5%&)(.2#,J '(3(">. ,(" 4"(,(.2%'#, 4#" :)'()/#&),# K
A J (. *#"&% /#.,#0)'%'% %.+%0&(.2( % 0% +2#")'%' &3)(.2%0 '(
40)/%/)-. "(,4#.,%30( M
"NJ '( %/+("'# /#. 0# (,2)4+0%'# (. 0%
($),0%/)-. &3)(.2%0 /+%2#")%.% 6)$(.2(
"%
E%),

XI.7.13.1

9
!

"

. /%,# '( (./#.2"%" (6)'(./)%, %";+(#0-$)/%, ;+( .# *+("#. '(2(/2%'%,


'+"%.2( 0%, 4"#,4(//)#.(, 1 "(,/%2(, 4"(6)#, % 0#, &#6)&)(.2#, '( 2)(""%J +.
<%00%5$# ).(,4("%'#J (0 4(",#.%0 '(3( 4%"%0)5%" '( &%.("% ).&(')%2% 0% #3"%
( ).*#"&%" '( &%.("% ).&(')%2% %0 9
(*( '( *"(.2( 1 %0 &#.)2#" 1 '( ,("
.(/(,%")# %/2)6%" (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%,
0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0#, 3)(.(,
4%2")&#.)%0(, ,( /#./(.2"%"> 3>,)/%&(.2( (.?
#.)2#"(# 4("&%.(.2( '( 0%, >"(%, ,(.,)30(, %";+(#0-$)/%&(.2(J
,)2)#, 8J
1
#.)2#"(# (. 0%, >"(%, '( '(,%""#00# '( #3"%
(%0)5%" (B/%6%/)#.(, '( ,%06%2%9
( )&4"(6),2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3 & 4 @
6%0+%" 4("&%.(.2(&(.2( 0#, ,)2)#, %";+(#0-$)/#, )'(.2)*)/%'#,
(. 0% 5#.% '( "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2# %3%
%4(# '( 0#, 3)(.(, 1 ,)2)#, /+02+"%0(, )'(.2)*)/%'#, /#&#
)&4"(6),2#,
(%0)5%" (B/%6%/)#.(, '( ,%06%&(.2# (. /%,# '( ,(" .(/(,%")#
( 4"#/('("> /#. +. "(/#.#/)&)(.2# 1 (0 "($),2"# '(0 &%2(")%0
&(')%.2( +.% 4"+(3% '( 4%0% '(
/&
(%0)5%" (0 "(,4(/2)6# %.>0),), '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, "(/+4("%'#, (.
0%, (B/%6%/)#.(, "(%0)5%'%,
/2+%" /#.*#"&( % 0# (,2%30(/)'# (. (0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%

0 &#.)2#" "(%0)5%"> 0% ).'+//)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 '( 0#, *"(.2(, ,#3"( 0%


)&4#"2%./)% '( 0%, .#2)*)/%/)#.(, ,#3"( <%00%5$#, 1 6(")*)/%"> 0% .#
).2("6(./)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 (. (0 /#&("/)#J 2">*)/#J 6%.'%0),&# '( ,)2)#, 1
3)(.(, %";+(#0-$)/#,
%, 5#.%, '( '(,(/<# # .# 4"#$"%&%'%, (. (0 '),(P#
'(0 4"#1(/2# '(3(. ,(" "(/#.#/)'%, ( ).6(,2)$%'%, %.2(, '( ,(" (&40(%'%,
4%"% (0 4"#4-,)2#
0 &#.)2#" &%.2(.'">J /#&+.)/%/)-. 4("&%.(.2( '( 2#'#, 0#, $"+4#, ;+(
&%.(9
(. (B40#,)6#, 1 /#. 2#'#, 0#, 9
(*(, '( *"(.2( '( #3"% 1 (0 ("(.2( '(
3"%
% @
% ");+(5% /+02+"%0 '( 0% 5#.% ,("> 4+(,2% (. 6%0#" % )&%$(. '(0 /#.,#"/)#
/#.,2"+/2#" ,("> %4"(/)%'% % 4%"2)" '( ,+ %4#1# % 0% 4"#2(//)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(,
4
@
( /#.#/("> 1 "(,/%2%"> .# &(.#, '(0 T '( 0% ");+(5% %";+(#0-$)/% '( 0%
5#.% ( &)2)$%"> +. T '( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, %*(/2%'#,
& 4@
#30%/)-. $(.("%0 '( 0% 5#.%
$
4
@
&(,(,J % 4%"2)" '( ;+( 2("&).%. 0%, (B/%6%/)#.(, '( "(,/%2( M#/2+3"(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

8N

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"
@
'-0%"(, %&(")/%.#, M(,2# .# )./0+1( 0#, /#,2#, '( %.>0),),N
XI.7.13.2

#, )&4%/2#, ,#3"( 0% %";+(#0#$7% ,( "($),2"%">. 4")./)4%0&(.2( '+"%.2( 0%


/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# ). (&3%"$#J 0% *0+/2+%/)-. '( 0#, .)6(0(, '(0
(&3%0,(J /#. 0% ("#,)-. ;+( 4+')(,( %,#/)%",(J 1 0% '(,/%"$% '(0 (&3%0,(
%$+%, %3%9
# '(0 ,)2)# '( 4"(,% 4+('(. "(;+(")" '(0 "(/#.#/)&)(.2#J
4"#,4(//)-. 1 (6(.2+%0 "(,/%2( '( +. <%00%5$# "(6(0%'# 4#" 0% #4("%/)-. '(0
"#1(/2#
% #4("%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# 4+('( ).6#0+/"%" )&4%/2#, ,#3"( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, ).2%.$)30(,J %+.;+( 0#, &),&#, ,(">. '( &(.#" ,)$.)*)/%./)% ;+(
%;+(00#, "($),2"%'#, '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. 0 ,($+)&)(.2# (,2> #")(.2%'# %
4"(6(.)" # &)2)$%" '( &%.("% #4#"2+.% 0% 4="')'% # %02("%/)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(,
/+02+"%0(, '+"%.2( 0% #4("%/)-.
0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#3"( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, 2%.$)30(, (
).2%.$)30(, '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# ,( "(%0)5%"> (.
%,#/)%/)-. /#. 0% /#&+.)'%' 1 % 2"%6=, '(0 4"#$"%&% '( ')*+,)-. 4"#4+(,2#
(. (0 4"(,(.2(
%"% (,2# ,( <% 4"(6),2# ,(0(//)#.%" 1 /%4%/)2%" M'+"%.2(
0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.N % 4(",#.%, '(0 >"(% 4%"% '(,%""#00%" (,2%, %/2)6)'%'(,
"#1(/2# I )$)0%.2(, +02+"%0(,G
+",# '( *#"&%/)-. '( 4"#&#2#"(, /+02+"%0(,
0%3#"%/)-. 1 '),2")3+/)-. '( /%"2)00%, (,/#0%"(, %0 ,+" '(0 (&3%0,(
)$)0%./)% 4("&%.(.2( '( 0#, "(/+",#, /+02+"%0(, "(4#"2%'#, 1
/"(%'#,
3 & 4 ?
:#"&%" 4"#&#2#"(, /+02+"%0(,
#.)2#"(%"J ,+4("6),%" # 6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2# '( 0% ("#,)-.
%&3)(.2%0 1 ,+ )&4%/2# (. 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,J )&4%/2#,
')"(/2#, ( ).')"(/2#, ,2# )./0+1( 0% 5#.% '(0 (&3%0,( 1 (0 >"(%
%0 ,+" '(0 /+("4# '( 0% 4"(,%
%

?
#$"%" % &(')%.# 40%5# ;+( 0% 4#30%/)-. '( 0% 5#.% 4"#2(9
% ,+,
3)(.(, /+02+"%0(, %*(/2%'#, ')"(/2% ( ).')"(/2%&(.2(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

& 4?
A%3)2%.2(, '( 0% 5#.%J (,4(/)%0&(.2( 07'("(, 9
-6(.(, )'(.2)*)/%'#, (.
0% 5#.% ). '),2)./)-. '( ,(B# 0 /+",# '( *#"&%/)-. (,2%"> ')")$)'#
% (00#, %, /%"2)00%, (,/#0%"(, % 0#, .)P#, "($),2"%'#, (. 4"#$"%&%, '(
('+/%/)-. *#"&%0 (. 0%, 5#.%, '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#
4

?
( *#"&%"> 4"#&#2#"(, /+02+"%0(, 0#/%0(, ;+)(.(, ,( (./%"$%">. '(
"(%0)5%" (0 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0#, 3)(.(, 4%2")&#.)%0(, 1 '(0 /(.2"# '(
).2("4"(2%/)-.
0 /+",# *#"&%"> 4(",#.%0 /%4%5 '( &#.)2#"(%"J
,+4("6),%" 1 6)$)0%" (0 (*(/2# '( 0% ("#,)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 ,+ )&4%/2# (.
0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,J ).)/)%0&(.2( (. /#.9
+.2# /#. (0 &#.)2#"
%";+(-0#$# '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
% /%4%/)2%/)-. %';+)")'%
'+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. ,("> '(0 2)4# (.2"(.%&)(.2# (. (0 2"%3%9
#
'(&>,J ,(">. /%4%/)2%'#, 4%"% &%.(9
%" (0 /(.2"# '( ).2("4"(2%/)-.
+.% 6(5/#./0+)'% 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-.

" %E%)0

#
-

0 4"#$"%&% '( &%.(9


# '( )&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#, ;+( ,( )./0+1( (. (0
4"(,(.2( 40%. '( %.(9
# )./0+1( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, 4"#$"%&%,?
"#$"%&% '(

)*+,)-. ( .*#"&%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2#

"#$"%&% '( (%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% #30%/)-.


"#$"%&% '(

(,40%5%'%

(,%""#00# +"7,2)/#

0 &#.)2#"(# 1 (6%0+%/)-. '( (,2( 4"#$"%&% ,( 3%,%"> (. 0% #3,("6%/)-.J


"($),2"# 1 ,),2(&%2)5%/)-. '( 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, 1 4"#1(/2#,
40%.2(%'#, (. 2="&).#, '( 0#, "(/+",#,J 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, /+&40)'%,J %,7/#&#
0#, 2)(&4#, 1 4"(,+4+(,2#, 4"(6),2#,
0 &#.)2#"(# '(0 4"#$"%&% 4("&)2)"> '(2("&).%" (0 $"%'# '( %6%./( '( 0#,
4"#1(/2#,J )'(.2)*)/%" 0#, *%/2#"(, ;+( 4+('%. ).2("6(.)" (. 0% 3+(.% &%"/<%J
0#, #3,2>/+0#, ;+( ,+"9
%. '+"%.2( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. # )'(.2)*)/%" 0%,
'(*)/)(./)%, (. 0% 40%.)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%,
( (,2% *#"&% ,(
/#.2")3+)"> % '(2("&).%" (0 .)6(0 '( /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, %//)#.(, 1
4"#4#"/)#.%" 0% #4#"2+.% 1 (*)/)(.2( ).*#"&%/)-. ;+( 4("&)2% ).2"#'+/)"
/#""(/2)6#, ,#3"( 0% &%"/<% '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.7.14.1

. ,),2(&% '( &#.)2#"(# /#. 0#, ).2("(,%'#,J ,( /#.6)("2( (. +. 3+(.


).,2"+&(.2# '( /#&+.)/%/)-. ,#/)# 4#072)/% (.2"( 0#, (9
(/+2#"(, '(0 0%. 1 0%
4#30%/)-. ).6#0+/"%'% (. =0
)"6( '( (.0%/( /#. 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, 1 0%
/#&+.)'%' <%/)% '#.'( ,( ')")$(. 0#, 4"#1(/2#,J %,7/#&# /#. 0#, ')*("(.2(,
%/2#"(, ;+( ).2("6)(.(. (. 0%, ).)/)%2)6%, 4"#4+(,2%,
% /#&+.)'%' 4+('(
/#&4"(.'(" 2#'%, 0%, (2%4%, 1 %/2)6)'%'(, ;+( '(3(. ,(" '(,%""#00%'%, 4%"%
%0/%.5%" 0#, #39
(2)6#, 4"#4+(,2#,J /#.#/(. #4#"2+.%&(.2( 0%, ')*)/+02%'(,
;+( 4+('(. 4"(,(.2%",( 1 0%, &(')'%, %'#42%'%, 1L# 4"(6),2%, 4#" 0#,
4"#&#2#"(, 4%"% ,+4("%"0%,
% %40)/%/)-. '( (,2% (,2"%2($)% '),&).+1( 0%
2(.,)-. ;+( 4"#'+/( (,4("%" "(,+02%'#, ,). (0 /#.#/)&)(.2# '( 0%, %//)#.(,
(&4"(.')'%, 4%"% 0#$"%" 0#, #39
(2)6#,
0 ,($+)&)(.2# '(3("> "(%0)5%",( ,#3"( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,J 4"#/(,#,J "(/+",#, 1
(,2"%2($)%,J 1 ,( (.*#/%"> (. 0% $(,2)-. 1 (. 0% (*)/)(./)% '( 0% (9
(/+/)-. '(0
"#$"%&%J 0%. 1 "#1(/2#,
%"% (0 &#.)2#"(# 1 (6%0+%/)-. ,( (&40(%">.
).')/%'#"(, '( $(,2)-. 1L# (*)/)(./)%J 0#, /+%0(, 2(.'">. 4#" #39
(2)6# 6%0#"%"
(0 "(.')&)(.2# M4"#'+/2)6)'%' *7,)/%N '( 0#, ).,+&#,J "(/+",#, 1 (,*+("5#,
'(')/%'#, % /+&40)" 0#, #39
(2)6#, (. 0#, 2)(&4#, 1 /#,2#, (,2)&%'#,
#, ).')/%'#"(, '( $(,2)-. % ,(" +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% (0 &#.)2#"(# '(0 4"(,(.2(
40%. '( %.(9
# '( &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, '(3(">. 4("&)2)" 0% 6%0#"%/)-.
%0 &(.#, '( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, (0(&(.2#,?
0 +,# '( 0#, "(/+",#, <+&%.#,J *7,)/#, 1 *).%./)("#,
0 2)(&4#
0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,J 2%"(%, # &(2%, (. 0#, 40%5#, 1 /#,2#,
%/#"'%'#, /#. 0% /#&+.)'%' 1 0%, %+2#")'%'(,
0 "(.')&)(.2# *7,)/# 4"#&(')# M4"#'+/2)6)'%'N &(')'# =,2( /#&# 0%
"(0%/)-. ;+( (B),2( (.2"( 0#, 0#$"#, 1 0#, "(/+",#, +2)0)5%'#,
0 /#,2# 4"#&(')#
0 $"%'# '( (*)/)(./)%
, /#&O. (. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 4"#1(/2#, '( ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% ;+( 0%
4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'%J '(,40%5%'% # "(/(42#"% (B)9
% "(,+02%'#, ).&(')%2#,J
&#2)6%'#, 4#" (0 $"%'# '( %.,)('%'J 4%"% 4"#3%" 0% ,(")('%' '( 0%, #*("2%,
"(%0)5%'%, 4#" 0#, 4"#&#2#"(, 1 '(3)'# % +. '(,/#.#/)&)(.2# '( 0#, 2)(&4#,
).,2)2+/)#.%0(,J (, '(/)" %;+(00#, 2)(&4#, ).6#0+/"%'#, (. (0 0#$"# '( 0%,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%/2)6)'%'(, # 4"#1(/2#, 4"#4+(,2#, M2)(&4# (. (0%3#"%/)-. '( 2="&).#, '(


"(*("(./)% 4%"% /#./+",#,J 0)/)2%/)#.(,J 2)(&4#, '( ,(0(//)-. '( #*("2%,J
'(,%""#00# '( (,2+')#,J %'9
+')/%/)#.(,J 2)(&4#, '( /#.2"%2%/)-.J 2)(&4#, '(
(9
(/+/)-.N
#" 0# 2%.2#J (,2"+/2+"%" %'(/+%'%&(.2( (0 &#.)2#"(# 1
(6%0+%/)-. '( 0#, 4"#1(/2#, /#.2(&40%'#, 4("&)2)"> /#&+.)/%" *>/)0 1
">4)'%&(.2( (,2%, ,)2+%/)#.(, '),&).+1(.'# 0% %.,)('%' '( 0% 4#30%/)-. 1
(6)2%"> (0 ,+"$)&)(.2# )..(/(,%")# '( /#.*0)/2#,
( )$+%0 *#"&%J 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&% '( &#.)2#"(# *%/)0)2%"> 0%
"(,4+(,2% % 0#, #"$%.),&#, $+3(".%&(.2%0(, M%+2#")'%'(, %&3)(.2%0(,N
(./%"$%'#, '(0 ,($+)&)(.2# '( 0#, /#&4"#&),#, %';+)")'#,J 0#, /+%0(,
"(;+(")">. ).*#"&(, ,#3"( (0 %6%./( '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%,
XI.7.14.2
+.;+( (, "(/#&(.'%30( ;+( (0 &#.)2#"(# '(0 "#$"%&% '( &4%/2#,
#/)#(/#.-&)/#, ,( %"2)/+0( (. (0 &#.)2#"(# $(.("%0 '(0 0%. '( %.(9
#
&3)(.2%0 '( 0% #3"%J (, '(/)" 3%9
# 0% &),&% (,2"+/2+"% #"$%.)5%/)#.%0 '(
%40)/%/)-.J (B),2(. (,4(/)*)/)'%'(, (. (0 &#.)2#"(# '( (,2( 4"#$"%&% ;+(
'(,'( 0% -42)/% '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# "(,+02%">. )""(0(6%.2(,J
&#2)6# 4#" (0 /+%0 (B),2( (0 ")(,$# '( ;+( (,2%, %/2)6)'%'(, .# ,(%.
/#.,)'("%'%, # ,(%. ,+3(,2)&%'%, (. (0 /"#.#$"%&% $(.("%0 '( )&40%.2%/)-.
%"% )0+,2"%" (,2( (,/(.%")#J (. "(0%/)-. /#. 0% 4#30%/)-. % '(,40%5%"J % 0#,
/#.,2"+/2#"(, '(0 4"#1(/2# 0(, ).2("(,% ;+( (0 >"(% ,( (./+(.2"( 0)3("%'% 4%"%
).)/)%" 0% /#.,2"+//)-.J &)(.2"%, ;+( % 0#, "(,4#.,%30(, '( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-.
'(0 "#$"%&% '( &4%/2#, #/)#%&3)(.2%0(, .# ,-0# 0(, ).2("(,% ;+( 0%
4#30%/)-. ,( <%1% 2"%,0%'%'# ,).# ,+ ,)2+%/)-. ,#/)#(/#.-&)/% '(,4+=, '(0
'(,40%5%&)(.2# M0% ,%2),*%//)-. /#. 0% .+(6% 6)6)(.'%J 0% "(/+4("%/)-. '(
).$"(,#,J 0% "(/#.,2"+//)-. '( 0%, "('(, ,#/)%0(,N
#" 0# 2%.2# (, .(/(,%")#
;+( (0 "#$"%&% '( &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, 2(.$% +. $"+4# ).'(4(.')(.2(
(./%"$%'# '( )'(.2)*)/%" 1 %.%0)5%" '(2%00%'%&(.2( 0% &%"/<% '( 2#'#, 0#,
4"#1(/2#, 1 '(2(/2%" 0#, 4"#30(&%, ;+( ,( 4+('%. 4"(,(.2%" 4%"% 2#&%" 0%,
&(')'%, /#""(/2)6%, #4#"2+.%&(.2(
0 0%. '( %.(9
# &3)(.2%0 '( (,2( (,2+')# )'(.2)*)/% 0% "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' '(0
4"#&#2#" '(0 4"#1(/2# 4#" (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% 4#30%/)-. %*(/2%'%
%
(,2"+/2+"% #"$%.)5%/)#.%0 '(0 4"#$"%&% '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '( 0% 4#30%/)-.
'(3("> (,2%" 0),2# 4"(6)# %0 ).)/)# '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( /#.,2"+//)-. '(0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

4"#1(/2#
( )$+%0 *#"&%J 4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&%J '(3(">
/#.2%",( /#. 0#, "(/+",#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"% ,+ (9
(/+/)-.
#, "(/+",#, 4%"% 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&% '(3(">. ,(" 4"#6),2#, )$+%0&(.2( 4#" (0
4"#&#2#" '(0 4"#1(/2#
#. (,2( #39
(2)6# ,( <% "(/#&(.'%'# ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2# %3% /"(( 0% +.)'%' (,4(/7*)/% %0 ).2(")#" '(0 4"#1(/2# 4%"% 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&%J ,). ;+( (,2# %*(/2( ,+ "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' 4#" 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, # 4"#1(/2#, /#.2(&40%'#, (. (0 4"#$"%&%
0 &#.)2#"(# '(0 "#$"%&% '( %.(9
# '( &4%/2#, #/)#(/#.-&)/#, '(3(">
/#.,)'("%" 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, )&40(&(.2%'%, 4#" (,2% +.)'%' '(.2"# '( ,+
4"#$"%&% '( %//)-.
%"% $%"%.2)5%" 0% ).'(4(.'(./)% 1 #39
(2)6)'%' '( 0#, "(,+02%'#,J (0 4"#$"%&%
'( &#.)2#"(# '( (,2% %/2)6)'%' '(3("> ,(" '(,%""#00%'# 4#" +. $"+4# (B2(".#
( ).'(4(.')(.2(
XI.7.14.3

%"% (0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ,( *%6#"(/( (0 +,# '( /"#.#$"%&%,


0
&=2#'# '( %.224+('( ,(" (&40(%'# 4%"% 0% 40%.)*)/%/)-. '( %/2)6)'%'(, 4#"
,+ ,)&40)/)'%' 1 3%9
# /#,2#
. 0#, /%,#, '#.'( (B),2% +. &%1#" .O&("# '(
%/2)6)'%'(, ).2("'(4(.')(.2(, ,( "(/#&)(.'% (0 +,# '( '( &=2#'#, '( /%&).#
/")2)/# M
N1
. 0#, 4"#/(,#, 1L# %/2)6)'%'(,J (,4(/)%0 %2(./)-. '(3("> #2#"$%",( %0
&#.)2#"(# '( 0#, "(/+",#, *7,)/#,J <+&%.#, 1 *).%./)("#,
0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0%, (,2"%2($)%, (&40(%'%, '(3("> (6%0+%",( /#.,)'("%.'# ,)
0% (,2"%2($)% *+( /#.6(.)(.2( 4%"% #32(.(" 0#, "(,+02%'#, ( )&4%/2#,
(,4("%'#,
XI.7.14.4
% (6%0+%/)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(,/")2%, (. (0 "#$"%&% '( )*+,)-. (
.*#"&%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# ,( 4+('( "(%0)5%" %0 *).%0 '( /%'% "(+.)-. # 6),)2%, %
0#, (.2"#, '( .*#"&%/)-. O30)/%
( '(3("> ,(0(//)#.%" +.% &+(,2"%
'( 0#, %,),2(.2(, 4%"% %40)/%" /+(,2)#.%")#, '( ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 4("/(4/)#.(,
'(0 4"#1(/2# 1 (,/%0%, '( %/2)2+'(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

')/)#.%0&(.2(J 4#'">. ,(" (&40(%'#, /#&# ).')/%'#"(, '(0 &#.)2#"(# '(0


4"#$"%&%?
.')/%'#"(, '( 6%0+%/)-.
O&("# '( %,),2(.2(, % 0%, "(+.)#.(, 4"#$"%&%'%, # %0
)6(0 '( ).*#"&%/)-. 0#$"%'# (. 0% 4#30%/)-. ,#3"( 0#, #39
(2)6#,J
&(2#'#0#$7%, 1 "(,+02%'#, '( 0#, (,2+')#,
)6(0 '( ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( (0 (,2%'# %/2+%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#
/2)2+' '(0 :)'()/#&),# K A <%/)% (0 /#.,2"+/2#"L#4("%'#" '(0
4"#1(/2#
XI.7.14.5
0 2)(&4# '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '(3( $+%"'%" /#./#"'%./)% /#. 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 /#&4#.(.2( '( ).6(",)-. 4")./)4%0 '(0 4"#1(/2# ;+(
"(;+)("( (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2#J (,2# (, 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% 1 (0 00(.%'# '(0
(&3%0,( 0 2)(&4# (,2)&%'# '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,% 1 00(.%'# '(0
(&3%0,( (, '( %4"#B)&%'%&(.2( %P#,J 4+')(.'# 6%")%" 4#" /#.')/)#.(,
&(2(#"#0-$)/%, # 4#" &#')*)/%/)#.(, (. (0 '),(P# # /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,%
0 4"#$"%&% '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '(3("> )./0+)" +. /"#.#$"%&% '(
)&40(&(.2%/)-. 4%"% /%'% %/2)6)'%' ;+( /+3"( 0% 07.(% 3%,( M,)2+%/)-. %/2+%0N
1 0% 4"(4%"%/)-.J "(+3)/%/)-. "(%0J %/2)6)'%'(, (/#.-&)/%, 1 ,#/)%0(,
4#,2(")#"(, % 0% "(+3)/%/)-. 0 4"#$"%&% '(3( )./0+)" +.% *(/<% #39
(2)6# (. 0%
/+%0 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, 4"(6),2#, 4%"% 0#, "(%,(.2%'#, 1 "(/(42#"(, <%1%. ,)'#
%0/%.5%'#,
%, &(')'%, 4%"% &#.)2#"(# '( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# 1
(6%0+%/)-. '( ,+ )&4%/2# '(3(. ,(" '(,%""#00%'#, '+"%.2( 0% 4"(4%"%/)-. '(0
4"#1(/2# 1 +,%'#, '+"%.2( 0% ,+4("6),)-. 0 &#.)2#"(# 4"#6(( +. ,),2(&% '(
%'6("2(./)% 4%"% %'&).),2"%'#"(, '(0 4"#1(/2# 1 +. /%.%0 4%"% ;+( 0#,
"(%,(.2%'#, <%$%. /#.#/(" ,+, .(/(,)'%'(, 1 ,+, "(%//)#.(, /#. "(,4(/2# % 0%
(9
(/+/)-. '(0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# #, /#,2#, '(0 &#.)2#"(# 1 (6%0+%/)-. '(3(.
(,2%" 4"#$"%&%'#, 1 (,2%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(3(">. ,(" '(,%""#00%'%, 4#"
(,4(/)%0),2%, (. "(%,(.2%&)(.2#,
0 $"+4# # 0% +.)'%' % /%"$# '( 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 4"#$"%&% '( "(%,(.2%&)(.2# '(3( %,($+"%",( ;+( 0%
(6%0+%/)-. /#.2).O( 4#" +. 4(")#'# "%5#.%30( 0+($# ;+( (0 "(%,(.2%&)(.2# 1
'(,%""#00# '( %/2)6)'%'(, "(0%/)#.%'%, ,( <%. /#&40(2%'# 0 ).),2(")# '(0
&3)(.2( '(3( ,(" ).*#"&%'#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

:#"&%. 4%"2( '( 0#, ).')/%'#"(, '(0 '(,(&4(P# '(0 40%.J (0 &#.)2#"(# '( 0%,
/#.')/)#.(, '( 6)'% '( 0% 4#30%/)-. '(,40%5%'% M/#3("2+"% '( ,("6)/)#,
3>,)/#,J ,%0+'J ('+/%/)-. 1 6)6)(.'%N +.% 6(5 "(%,(.2%'% (. 0% .+(6%
/#&+.)'%'
XI.7.14.6
#. "(,4(/2# %0 4"#$"%&% '( '(,%""#00# 2+"7,2)/#J (, )&4#"2%.2( "(,%02%" ;+( (0
"#$"%&% '(3( $%"%.2)5%" 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '( 0% /#&+.)'%' 0#/%0 (. (0
4"#/(,# '( 40%.)*)/%/)-. 1 '( 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, '( 0% %/2)6)'%' % 4%"2)/)4%/)-.
%/2)6% '( 0% /#&+.)'%' (. 0% *#"&+0%/)-. '(0 "#$"%&% ,("> /"+/)%0 4%"% 0%
)&40(&(.2%/)-. (*(/2)6% '(0 0%. '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
#.,)'("%.'# 0#, #39
(2)6#, 40%.2(%'#,J ,( 4"#4#.(. /#&# ).')/%'#"(, '( 0%
%/2)6)'%'?
($),2"#, '( 4"(,(.2%/)-. '( 4"#4+(,2%, (. 4"#$"%&%, 2+"7,2)/#,
($),2"#, '( /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 % 0#, 4#30%'#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, (. 0%,
).)/)%2)6%,
($),2"#, '( (.2"(6),2%, 1 ,#.'(#, '( #4).)-. % 0#, 4#30%'#"(, ,#3"(
4#2(./)%0(, 2+"7,2)/#, '( 0% 5#.%
/2%, '( %00("(, 1 (+.)#.(,
,2+')# 4%"% (2("&).%" (0 6%0#" 2+"7,2)/# '( 0#, /#""('#"(, '( "(,("6% 1
4"#2(//)-. '( *0#"% 1 *%+.% ;+( ,( /"(%">. %0"('('#" '(0 (&3%0,(J (. 0%
/%3(/("% (. 0#, &>"$(.(, '(0 7# %3%
,2+')# '( *%/2)3)0)'%' 4%"% 0% /"(%/)-. '( 40%1%, # 3%0.(%")#, %"2)*)/)%0(,J
/#.,)'("%.'# (. 0#, (,2+')#, '( /%"$% 0#, +,#, 4"(,+.2)6#, '(0 %$+%
" %E%
)4

0 :)'()/#&),# K A J /#&# 4%"2( '( ,+ 0%. '( %.(9


# &3)(.2%0J '(3(">
6(")*)/%" (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0#, #39
(2)6#, '( 4"#2(//)-. %&3)(.2%0 % 2"%6=, '(
%+')2#")%, %&3)(.2%0(,
,2%, ,(">. '( /%">/2(" ).2(".%, 1 (B2(".%,
( (,2%
10

( (.2)(.'( 4#" /#""('#"(, '( "(,("6% 1 4"#2(//)-. %;+(00%, *"%.9


%, '( ,+(0# .# +"3%.)5%30(J
/#.,2)2+)'%, 4#" *#"&%/)#.(, 6($(2%0(, .%2+"%0(, # /+02)6%'%,J %"3-"(%,J %"3+,2)6%, # <("3>/(%,J '(
'#&).)# 4O30)/# # 4")6%'#J /+1%, *+./)#.(, ,#. 0%, '( /#.,("6%" (0 %$+%J (0 ,+(0#J 0% *0#"%J 0% *%+.%
,)06(,2"( 1L# 0%, >"(%, %0('%P%, % #3"%, '( ).$(.)("7% ;+( '(3(. &%.2(.(",( 3%9
# &(')'%, (,4(/)%0(, '(
4"#2(//)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

&%.("%J 0% (&4"(,% (,2%"> (. /%4%/)'%' '( (6%0+%" ,+, %/2)6)'%'(, 1 2#&%"


0%, %//)#.(, /#""(/2)6%, '( &%.("% #4#"2+.%
XI.7.15.1

:)'()/#&),# K A J (,2%30(/("> 0#, &(/%.),&#, ).2(".#, .(/(,%")#, % *). '(


(9
(/+2%" 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( %+')2#"7% %&3)(.2%0 ).2(".%
0 #39
(2)6# '( 0%,
%+')2#"7%, ).2(".%, ,("> 6(")*)/%" 0% %'(/+%'% %40)/%/)-. '(0 40%. '( &%.(9
#
%&3)(.2%0
(3)'# % ;+( ,( 2"%2% '( +. 4"#/(,# '( &(9
#"%&)(.2# /#.2).+#J 0%, %+')2#"7%,
).2(".%, '(3(">. (,2%30(/(" &(/%.),&#, '( (6%0+%/)-. '(0 '(,(&4(P# '(0
40%. '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0
% %02% $("(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2# (6%0+%"> 0#,
"(,+02%'#, #32(.)'#, 1 (9
(/+2%">J '( "(;+(")",(J 0%, %//)#.(, /#""(/2)6%,
.(/(,%")%,
%, (6%0+%/)#.(, ).2(".%, ,(">. '(3)'%&(.2( '#/+&(.2%'%, 1 /#&+.)/%'%,J
&(')%.2( 4"#/(')&)(.2#, %'&).),2"%2)6#, ).2(".#, '( 0% (&4"(,%J % 0% %02%
$("(./)% '( 0% &),&%
:)'()/#&),# K A J '(3("> )./#"4#"%" (. 0#, /#.2"%2#, /#. 0#, /#.,2"+/2#"(, #
,+3/#.2"%2),2%, /0>+,+0%, 4%"% (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, &(')'%, %&3)(.2%0(,
4"(,(.2%'%, (. (0 0%. '(
%.(9
# &3)(.2%0J '(0 4"(,(.2( ,2+')# '(
&4%/2# &3)(.2%0
,7J ,( (B)$)"> % 0#, /#.,2"+/2#"(, # ,+3/#.2"%2),2%,
"(4#"2(, 4(")-')/#, '( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0%, &(')'%, %&3)(.2%0(,
$+%0&(.2(J '(3("> (,2%30(/(",( +.% *),/%0)5%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 '+"%.2( 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J 0% 4(")#')/)'%' '( 0#, "(4#"2(, '( %+')2#"7% ).2(".%
,("> &(.,+%0
.2"( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '( %+')2#"7% ).2(".% ,( (,2%30(/(. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,
%/2)6)'%'(,?
#0)/)2%" "(4#"2(, '( ,($+)&)(.2# % 0#, /#.2"%2),2%, 1 ,+3/#.2"%2),2%, '( 0%,
&(')'%, %&3)(.2%0(, (,2%30(/)'%, 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
#2)*)/%" % 0%, %+2#")'%'(, '(0 :)'()/#&),# K A J (0 )./+&40)&)(.2# %
0#, 40%.(, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0 1 % 0%, "($+0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, 6)$(.2(,
B)$)" (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%, %//)#.(, /#""(/2)6%,
0%3#"%" "(4#"2(, &(.,+%0(, '(0 ,($+)&)(.2# %&3)(.2%0 '(0 4"#1(/2#
#0)/)2%" +.% %+')2#"7% %&3)(.2%0 '( /+&40)&)(.2# '( /)(""( 4"(6)# %0
2="&).# '(0 /#.2"%2# /#. ,+, /#.2"%2),2%, 1 ,+3/#.2"%2),2%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

. 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# 0%, %+')2#"7%, ).2(".%, 2(.'">. +.%
4(")#')/)'%' ,(&(,2"%0
XI.7.15.2

%"% (0 /%,# '( %+')2#"7%, %&3)(.2%0(, (B2(".%,J =,2%, 4#,((">. +. #39


(2)6# 1
&(2#'#0#$7% ,)&)0%"(, % 0#, '(,/")2#, 4%"% (0 /%,# '( %+')2#"7%, %&3)(.2%0(,
).2(".%,
% %+')2#"7% (B2(".% 4#,(( 0% 6(.2%9
% '( ;+( +. 2("/("#
).'(4(.')(.2( /("2)*);+( 0%, %//)#.(, (9
(/+2%'%, 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#J 4%"%
6(")*)/%/)-. '( /+&40)&)(.2# /#. *).(, "($+0%2#")#, %.2( 0% %+2#")'%'
%&3)(.2%0
'(&>,J 4("&)2)"> (*(/2+%" "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, # &(9
#"%, (. (0
,),2(&% ).2(".# '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0
+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-. ,( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" %+')2#"7%, %&3)(.2%0(,
(B2(".%, /%'%
&(,(,
% 4(")#')/)'%' 4%"% 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( %+')2#"7%,
%&3)(.2%0(, '+"%.2( 0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-. ,("> %.+%0 '( %/+("'# % 0#
'),4+(,2# (. (0 ($0%&(.2# &3)(.2%0 4%"% /2)6)'%'(, 0=/2")/%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"%
'

0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
/#. +.% %02+"% '( 4"(,% %4"#B)&%'% '(
&(2"#, (, /#.,)'("%'% 4#" (0 %./# +.')%0 /#&# +.% "(,% # (,("6#")#
"%.'(11J ,)(.'# .(/(,%")% 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( 40%.(, '( &%.(9
#J ).,4(//)-. 1
/#.2).$(./)% '( 0% #3"% /#. (0 #39
(2# '( 4"(/%+2(0%" 0% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"%J 0%
4#30%/)-. 1 4%"% <%/(" *"(.2( % (6(.2+%0(, (&("$(./)%, /#&# /#.,(/+(./)%,
'( *%00%, # "+42+"%,
. 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% # '( "(,4+(,2% % (&("$(./)%, ,( /#.,2)2+1( % 4%"2)"
'( +. 40%. *#"&%0 (,/")2#J ')*+.')'# 1 %'#42%'# 4#" 2#'#, 0#, &)(&3"#, '( 0%
#"$%.)5%/)-.J ;+( )'(.2)*)/% 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 1 4"#/(,#, ;+( 0#,
#4("%'#"(, '( +.% ).,2%0%/)-. ,($+)">. (. /%,# '( +.% (&("$(./)%
#, 4"#/(,#, '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)-. '( +.% #3"%
&%$.)2+'J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
')6(",#, ")(,$#, /#&# /#.,(/+(./)% 2%.2# '( /%+,%,
).+.'%/)#.(,J 2(""(&#2#,J %,7 /#&# *%00%, (,2"+/2+"%0(,
'(*)/)(.2(, 4">/2)/%, ).$(.)(")0(,

'( /#.,)'("%30(
J (,2>. ,+9
(2#, %
.%2+"%0(, /#&#
#")$).%'%, 4#"

#&# /#.,(/+(./)% '( (,2#, '(,%,2"(, .%2+"%0(,J ,( 4#'"7%


$(.("%"
).+.'%/)#.(, %$+%, '(3%9
# '( 0%, "(4"(,%, # '(,3#"'%&)(.2#, (. 0#, 07&)2(,
&>B)&#, '( 0% &),&%
%, ).+.'%/)#.(, 4"#6#/%"7%. (.2"( #2"#, (6(.2#, (0
%""%,2"( '( >"3#0(,J /+02)6#,J (,2"+/2+"%, ;+( ,( (./+(.2"(. %$+% %3%9
# '(0
/+("4# '( 0% 4"(,%J 4"#6#/%.'# %*(/2%/)#.(, (. (0 (.2#".# 1 % 0%,
/#&+.)'%'(, %,(.2%'%, (. (0 >"(% '( ).+.'%/)-.
#" #2"# 0%'#J
'(,0)5%&)(.2#, '( 0%, 4%"('(, '( 0%, 5%.9
%, % (B/%6%",(J 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
'(0 /%.%0 2"%,6%,(J 4#'"7% "(4"(,(.2%" 4="')'%, <+&%.%, '(0 4(",#.%0 '(
2"%3%9
#J %,7 /#&# '(,0)5%&)(.2#, '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, '( "(&#/)-.J 0#, ;+(
4#'"7%. %*(/2%" /+",#, '( %$+%J # %02("%" (. *#"&% ,)$.)*)/%2)6% +. 4%),%9
(#
+.% 67% '( /#&+.)/%/)-.
% %'&).),2"%/)-. '( 0% "(4"(,% "(;+)("( '( +. 40%. 4%"% (.*"(.2%" (6(.2+%0(,
(&("$(./)%, /#&# /#.,(/+(./)%, '( *%00%, # "+42+"%, '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, '( 0#,
&+"#, '( 0% "(4"(,%

11

R #0' %.SJ

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

4("%/)#.%0 #0)/)(,
N

!J %*(21 #* %&,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

% (*(.,% )6)0 '(0 /+%'#" '(2("&).% 2"(, *%,(, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" +.%
(&("$(./)%? %.2(,J '+"%.2( 1 '(,4+=, '(0 (6(.2#
.2(, '( 0% (&("$(./)%
'(3(">. )&40(&(.2%",( &(')'%, '( 4"(6(./)-.J &)2)$%/)-.J 4"(4%"%/)-. 1
%0("2% %.2( 0% (&("$(./)%
. 0% *%,( I'+"%.2( 0% (&("$(./)%G '(3(">.
)&40(&(.2%",( &(')'%, '( "(,4+(,2% '( 0% (&("$(./)%
. 0% *%,( '(,4+=,
'( 0% (&("$(./)% '(3(">. "(%0)5%",( 2%"(%, '( "(<%3)0)2%/)-. 1 "(/#.,2"+//)-.
'( 5#.%, %*(/2%'%,
#. 0#, %.2(/('(.2(, (B4+(,2#,J (0 4"(,(.2( 0%. )./0+1( 0% *#"&+0%/)-. '(
40%.(, '( /#.2).$(./)% %.2( (6(.2#, &%1#"(,J 2%.2# 4%"% 0% *%,( '(
/#.,2"+//)-. %,7 /#&# 4%"% 0% #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/#
%
(B),2(./)% '( 4"#/(')&)(.2#, /0%"#,J ')*+.')'#, 1 4"%/2)/%'#, 4#" 4%"2( '( 0#,
&)(&3"#, '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-. 4("&)2)"> +.% "(,4+(,2% >$)0 1 (*(/2)6%J '+"%.2(
+. (6(.2# &%1#"J 1 4("&)2)">. "('+/)" 0#, '%P#, # /#.,(/+(./)%, ;+( ,(
4"#'+9
("(.
'(&>,J ,( 4"(,(.2%. 0).(%&)(.2#, 4%"% (0 /#.2"#0 '( '(""%&(, /#&3+,2)30(,
(. 0%, %$+%, '( 0% 4"(,% '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4+(.2( ,#3"( (0
S&
'( 0% 67% F+)2# K %.2# #&).$#J (. '#.'( /"+5% (0 4#0)'+/2# %,/+%0(,
K %.2# #&).$#J 4"#4)('%' '( (2"#(/+%'#"
" %'%)

0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% '(3("> /#.2(.(" 2#'#, 0#, (0(&(.2#, .(/(,%")#, 4%"%
"(,4#.'(" %.2( (6(.2#, 2%0(, /#&# '(""%&(,J )./(.')#,J (B40#,)#.(,J
)""($+0%")'%'(, (. (0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '(0 ,),2(&%J '(,%,2"(, .%2+"%0(,J
&).)&)5%.'# '( (,2% &%.("% ,+, )&4%/2#,
. /%,# '( 4"#'+/)",( +. (6(.2#J (0 0%. '(3("> )./#"4#"%" '( &%.("%
'(2%00%'% 0%, %//)#.(, % ,($+)"J (0 (;+)4%&)(.2# /#. (0 ;+( ,( '(3("> /#.2%" (.
0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,J '(2("&).%" 0% (,2"+/2+"% #"$%.)5%/)#.%0 1 *+./)#.%0 4%"% 0%
"(,4+(,2%J (,2%30(/)(.'# 1 %,)$.%.'# 0%, "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, '(0 4(",#.%0 (.
0%, 2%"(%, '( "(,4+(,2%
%"2( *+.'%&(.2%0 '(0 0%. ,("> )./0+)" +. 4"#$"%&% '( /%4%/)2%/)-.J '(
&%.("% ;+( (0 4(",#.%0 (./%"$%'# '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.J #4("%/)-. 1 ,($+")'%'
'(0 4"#1(/2#J ,( (./+(.2"( '(3)'%&(.2( 4"(4%"%'# 4%"% "(,4#.'(" '( *#"&%
#4#"2+.% 1 (*(/2)6% %.2( (&("$(./)%,
'(&>,J '(3("> (B),2)" +. 40%. '(
/#&+.)/%/)#.(, '( &%.("% ;+( 0%, 4%"2(, 4#2(./)%0&(.2( %*(/2%'%, 4+('%.
,(" %0("2%'%, '( &%.("% #4#"2+.%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.1.1

"(6(.)" 1 &).)&)5%" 0%, 4"#3%3)0)'%'(, '( +.% (&("$(./)% #/%,)#.%'%


4#" #4("%/)#.(, "(0%/)#.%'%, /#. &#6)&)(.2#, '( 2)(""%J %0&%/(.%&)(.2#
1 2"%.,4#"2( '( &%2(")%0(, '( /#.,2"+//)-.J %,7 /#&# '(0 &%.(9
# '(
).,+&#, "(;+(")'#, (. 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)-. '(0
"#1(/2# %3%
"(,("6%" 0% ,($+")'%' '( 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, %.2( 4#,)30(, (6(.2#, ;+(
%2(.2(. /#.2"% ,+ ,($+")'%' *7,)/% 1 (&#/)#.%0
%06%$+%"'%" 0% ,($+")'%' '( 0#, <%3)2%.2(, '( 0#, ,(/2#"(, %0('%P#, %0
4"#1(/2#
%"%.2)5%" 0% 4"#2(//)-. %&3)(.2%0 '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%J 1 '( 0%, >"(%,
%&3)(.2%0&(.2( ,(.,)2)6%, % 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. 4#" <)'"#/%"3+"#, 1 %/()2(,
&).("%0(,J 2%0 (, (0 /%,# '( 0#, "7#, 4("2(.(/)(.2(, % 0% /+(./% '(0 7# %3%
XI.8.1.2

,2)&%" 0#, (,/(.%")#, 4#,)30(, ;+( ).6#0+/"(. '(,0)5%&)(.2#, '( 2)(""%J


'(""%&(, '( /#&3+,2)30(, 1 ,+,2%./)%, 4(0)$"#,%,J ;+( 4+('%. %0/%.5%" %
0#, /+("4#, <7'")/#,J %,7/#&# '( 4#,)30(, (B40#,)#.(,J (,/%4(, '( $%,J
)./(.')#, 1 '(,%,2"(, .%2+"%0(,
&40%.2%" +. ,),2(&% 1 4"#/(')&)(.2#, '( "(,4+(,2% >$)0 %.2(
(&("$(./)%,
,2%30(/(" +. ,),2(&% '( .#2)*)/%/)-. '( (6(.2#, &%1#"(,
"#6((" +.% (,2"+/2+"% '( "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, 1 *+./)#.(, '(0 4(",#.%0
(./%"$%'# '( "(,4#.'(" % +.% (&("$(./)% 4%"% %,($+"%" +.% "(,4+(,2%
">4)'% 1 (*(/2)6%
(0(//)#.%" 0#, (;+)4#, 1 &%2(")%0(, %4"#4)%'#, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" (6(.2#,
&%1#"(,
"(%" +. 4"#$"%&% '( /%4%/)2%/)-. '( "(,4+(,2% %.2( (&("$(./)%, 4%"% (0
4(",#.%0 '( 0% #3"%J (. /+%.2# % 0% 4"#2(//)-. %&3)(.2%0 1 %0 +,# '(
(;+)4#, 1 &%2(")%0(, +2)0)5%'#, (. /#.2).$(./)%,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %'%+
0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% 4"#6(("> 0).(%&)(.2#, $(.("%0(, '(
,($+")'%' 1 "(,4+(,2% %.2( (&("$(./)%,J ,#3"( 0% 3%,( '( 0%, 4">/2)/%,
#4("%2)6%, (B),2(.2(, 1 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
<)'"#(0=/2")/#
0 0%. /#.,)'("% 0%, "(0%/)#.(, 1 /#&4"#&),#, /#. 0%, /)+'%'(, 1
%,(.2%&)(.2#, <+&%.#, (B),2(.2(, (. 0#, ,(/2#"(, (. '#.'( ,( %,)(.2% (0
4"#1(/2#J 1 /#. 0#, +.)/)4)#, %0('%P#,
" %'%,
0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% 2)(.( 0% ,)$+)(.2( (,2"+/2+"%?
,2"+/2+"% '&).),2"%2)6%
o
#&)2= '( "),),
o
##"').%/)-. .2(").,2)2+/)#.%0
0%.(, '( #.2).$(./)% '+"%.2( 0% :%,( '( #.,2"+//)-. '( 0% (4"(,%
o
(""%&(, '( #&3+,2)30(, 1 +,2%./)%, (0)$"#,%,
o
(""+&3(, '( ,/#&3"#, ( .(,2%3)0)'%' '( %0+'(,
o
//)'(.2(, /#. %;+).%")%, 1 ;+)4#,
0%. 4%"% .*"(.2%" &("$(./)%, '+"%.2( 0% :%,( '( 4("%/)-. 1
%.2(.)&)(.2#
o
.>0),), '( +0.("%3)0)'%'
o
0%. '( )2)$%/)-.
o
0%. '( &("$(./)%
.2"(.%&)(.2# 1 )&+0%/"#, /#. 2"%3%9
%'#"(, 1 /#.2"%2),2%,
)*+,)-. % /#&+.)'%'(, %,(.2%'%, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0
4"#1(/2#
#2)*)/%/)-. %.2( &("$(./)%
" %'%
0
%"% (.*"(.2%" 0%, /#.2).$(./)%, '(3("> /#.*#"&%",( +. /#&)2= '( /"),), ;+(
0)'("%"> 0%, ')*("(.2(, *%,(, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" 0% (&("$(./)%
'(&>,J '(3)'# %
0% (B2(.,)-. '(0 >"(% % ).+.'%",( 1 %0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0%
"(4"(,%J (, .(/(,%")% 0% /##"').%/)-. /#. %0$+.%, ).,2)2+/)#.(, 0#/%0(,J
"($)#.%0(, 1 .%/)#.%0(, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" 0% (&("$(./)%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.4.1

/#.2).+%/)-. (0 #"$%.)$"%&% '( 0#, $"+4#, '( "(,4+(,2% ;+( %0 ).2(")#" '(
A
'(3(">. *#"&%",( 4%"% 0% %2(./)-. '( 0%, (&("$(./)%, 1
'(,(./%'(.%&)(.2# '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%, "(,4(/2)6# ,( "(4"(,(.2%
&(')%.2( 0% :)$+"%

(
.1

1/.

1. #

.. #

))&4

- 1./

-/-!

. - / -!

- I/;#

-6

# /-!

0%"&% '(0 6(.2#

("(.2( '( 0%.2%

(,4#.,%30( '(0
(4%"2%&(.2#
#"4#"%2)6# '( (,2)-.
&3)(.2%0J 1 ($+")'%'

")$%'% /#.2"% '(""%&(


'( /#&3+,2)30(

(4%"2%&(.2# ($%0
(4%"2%&(.2# #.2%30(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

(,4#.,%30( '(
(,4+(,2%, 1 0("2%,
M (,4#.,%30( '(
%.2(.)&)(.2#J # (. ,+
%+,(./)%J "(,4#.,%30( '(
2+".#N

(,4#.,%30( '( 3")$%'%,


'( 40%.2%

+("4# '( #&3("#,


M ./(.')#J (""%&(,
&%1#"(,N

#&+.)'%' 6(/).%
M).'+,2")%,J /#&("/)#J
#2"#,N

(,4#.,%30( '(
($+")'%' :7,)/%

")$%'% /#.2"% )./(.')#


")$%'% /#.2"% '(""%&(
'( 4"#'+/2# ;+7&)/#

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.4.2

"

"

0 /#&)2= '( /"),), '(3("> /#.2%" /#. +.

)"(/2#")# ;+( 0# 4#'"7% /#.*#"&%"?

. "(4"(,(.2%.2( '( 0% (&4"(,% #4("%'#"%


. "(4"(,(.2%.2( '( 0%, %+2#")'%'(, '( 0#, &+.)/)4)#, 0#/%0(,
+3)/%'#, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#
. "(4"(,(.2%.2( '( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, +3)/%'%, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%
'( 0% "(4"(,%
. &)(&3"# '( #"$%.),&#, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" (&("$(./)%,? 2%0(, /#&#
"+5 #9
%J (*(.,% )6)0J #&3("#,
. "(4"(,(.2%.2( '( 0#, /#0($)#, 4"#*(,)#.%0(, # 0% .)6(",)'%'
'(&>, (0 /#&)2= '( /"),), 4#'"7% )./#"4#"%" %0 ')"(/2#")# /#&),)#.(, '(
2"%3%9
# 4%"% %2(.'(" 2(&%, (,4(/7*)/#, ( )./#"4#"%"
4"#*(,)#.%0(,
(,4(/)%0)5%'#, 4%"% (.*"(.2%" (&("$(./)%,
%, 4")./)4%0(, *+./)#.(, '(0 /#&)2= '( /"),), ,#.?
6%0+%" 0% 6+0.("%3)0)'%' '( 0% "(4"(,% %.2( '(,%,2"(, .%2+"%0(,
0%3#"%" 0#, 40%.(, '( (&("$(./)% 1 '( &)2)$%/)-. %.2( (&("$(./)%,
(%0)5%" +. 0(6%.2%&)(.2# /%2%,2"%0 '( 0#, ,)2)#, /#. %,(.2%&)(.2#,
<+&%.#,
6%0+%" "+2%, '( (,/%4( 1 +3)/%/)-. '( %03("$+(, 4%"% +3)/%" %
(6%/+%'#, # '%&.)*)/%'#,
##"').%" /#. 0%, %+2#")'%'(, 0#/%0(,J "($)#.%0(, 1 .%/)#.%0(, 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, 4%"% 4"(6(.)"J &)2)$%"J (.*"(.2%" (&("$(./)%, 1 "(/#.,2"+)"
0#, '%P#, &%2(")%0(, ;+( 4+')("(. #/%,)#.%"
(%0)5%" /%&4%P%, '( ')*+,)-. '( 0#, 40%.(, '( (&("$(./)% 1 '(
&)2)$%/)-.
9
(/+2%" +.% 6(5 %0 %P# +. ,)&+0%/"# '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% (.
2#'#, 0#, ,)2)#, +3)/%'#, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '( 0% "(4"(,%
%.2(.(" "($),2"#, '( 0%, "(+.)#.(, '( /##"').%/)-. /#. 0%, ')*("(.2(,
).,2)2+/)#.(, 1 %/2#"(, ,#/)%0(,
XI.8.4.3

"

% 9
+"),')//)-. 4#072)/% %'&).),2"%2)6% '#.'( ,( '(,%""#00%"> (0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#
/#&4"(.'( % 0#, /%.2#.(, +(.% := 1 %0(./)% ;+(
*#"&%. 4%"2( '( 0% "#6)./)% '( #, 7#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#" 0# 2%.2# (0 /#&)2= '( /"),), '( 0% #4("%'#"% '(3("> /##"').%" /#. 0%,
,)$+)(.2(, ).,2)2+/)#.(,?
(3("> /##"').%" /#. "(4"(,(.2%.2(, '(0 $#3)(".# /(.2"%0J /#&#
).),2(")# '( &3)(.2(J
).),2(")# '( $")/+02+"% 1 %.%'("7%J
).),2(")# '( .("$7% 1 ).%,J ).),2(")# '( %0+' O30)/%J ).),2(")#
'( '+/%/)-. O30)/% 1 (4#"2(J
J
#.,(9
# %/)#.%0 '(
(/+",#, A7'")/#,J
J ).,2)2+/)#.(, '( ,#4#"2( 2=/.)/# %.2(
(&("$(./)%, /#&# (*(.,% )6)0J
J "+5 #9
%J /#. (0 #39
(2)6#
'( /##"').%" 0% %,)$.%/)-. '( "(/+",#, *).%./)("#,J 2=/.)/#, 4%"%
(.*"(.2%" 0%, (&("$(./)%,
(3("> /##"').%" /#. 0#, %0/%0'(, 1 %+2#")'%'(, 0#/%0(, '( 0#, /%.2#.(,
+(.% := 1 %0(./)%J %,7/#&# /#. (0 "(*(/2# "#6)./)%0 '( #, 7#,
4%"%?
o

(2("&).%" 0%, "+2%, 1 /%&).#, '( (6%/+%/)-. '+"%.2( 0%,


(&("$(./)%,
o
),(P%" 0#, 40%.(, '( #"'(.%&)(.2# 2("")2#")%0 '( ,+,
9
+"),')//)#.(,J 4%"% "('+/)" 0#, ")(,$#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)%0(,
%.2( +.% (6(.2+%0 "+42+"% '(0 ');+( '( 0% "(4"(,%
(3("> /##"').%" /#. 0#, (.2"#, 1 ,+3/(.2"#, '( %0+' '(0 ).),2(")#
'( %0+' O30)/%J (.2"#, '(0 .,2)2+2# %/)#.%0 '(0 )P# 1 0% :%&)0)%
M
: NJ "+5 #9
%J '( 0%, 4"#6)./)%, '( #, 7#, 1 )/<)./<%J 4%"% 0%
'(2("&).%/)-. '( ,)2)#, '( %2(./)-. '( <(")'#, 1L# (.*("&#,
(3("> /##"').%" /#. 0%, )"(//)#.(, '( '+/%/)-. '( #, 7#, 1
)/<)./<%J 4%"% 0% '(2("&).%/)-. '( ,)2)#, '( +3)/%/)-. '( %03("$+(,
2(&4#"%0(, 4%"% '%&.)*)/%'#, 1 (6%/+%'#,
(3("> /##"').%" /#. 0#, ')*("(.2(, &(')#, '( /#&+.)/%/)-.J (.
(,4(/)%0 /#. 0%, "%')#')*+,#"%, /#. /#3("2+"% 0#/%0 /#. (0 #39
(2)6# '(
')*+.')" (0 0%. '( &("$(./)% 1 #.2).$(./)%J %,7/#&# #")(.2%" % 0#,
4#30%'#"(, %,(.2%'#, (. (0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)% '( 0% "(4"(,% %/("/% '(
0%, &(')'%, ;+( '(3(">. "(%0)5%" 4%"% (.*"(.2%" 0% (&("$(./)%
" %'%4

, ).'),4(.,%30( %.%0)5%" 0% 4#,)3)0)'%' '( #/+""(./)% '( (6(.2#, '+"%.2( 0%


(2%4% '( /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 "#1(/2# A)'"#(0=/2")/#J 0#, &),&#, ;+( 4#'"7%.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/%+,%" )&4%/2#, ')"(/2#, % 0% ).2($")'%' *7,)/% '(0 4(",#.%0 '( #3"%J %,7/#&#
/%+,%" '%P#, % 0% ).*"%(,2"+/2+"% '(0 4"#1(/2#J 4+')(.'# $(.("%" )&4%/2#,
%&3)(.2%0(,J (/#.-&)/#, 1 ,#/)%0(,
XI.8.5.1
0 #&)2= '( "),), '(,)$.%'# 4%"% (0 4"#1(/2# '(3("> %'%42%" 0% (,2"+/2+"%
#"$%.)5%/)#.%0 '( 0% #.2"%2),2% '(,)$.%'% 4%"% 0% #3"%J (. /+%.2# % 0#,
4+(,2#, 1 *+./)#.(, 4%"% /"(%" (0 #"$%.)$"%&% '(0 4(",#.%0 /#. ,+,
"(,4(/2)6%, *+./)#.(, 1 "(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, (. +.% (&("$(./)% 4#"
'(,0)5%&)(.2#
+"%.2( 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '( (6%0+%/)-. 1 /#.2"#0 '( '(,0)5%&)(.2#,J
4"#2(//)-. '( 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,J 0)&4)(5%J 1 '( ,(" (0 /%,#J '(,/#.2%&).%/)-.
'(0 0+$%" %*(/2%'#J 0% O.)/% %+2#")'%' "(,4#.,%30( (. 0% 2#&% '( '(/),)#.(, 1
(. 0% ')"(//)-. '( (,2%, 2%"(%,J ,("> (0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%J
'(2("&).%'# 4#" (0 #&)2= '( "),),J ;+)(. '%"> 4#" 2("&).%'# (0 #4("%2)6#
(. (0 &#&(.2# ;+( 0# /#.,)'("( /#.6(.)(.2(J 4#,2(")#" % 0%, (6%0+%/)#.(,
"(,4(/2)6%,
. (0 &#&(.2# (. ;+( ,( "($),2"( +. '(,0)5%&)(.2#J ,( '(3("> 4"#/('(" '( 0%
,)$+)(.2( &%.("%?
% (6%/+%/)-. '( 2#'# (0 4(",#.%0J (.*#/%.'# 4%"2)/+0%" (,*+("5# (.
%;+(00#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, ;+( ,( (./#.2"%,(. 0%3#"%.'# '(.2"# '( 5#.%,
'( &%1#" ")(,$#J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '( 0% (B/%6%/)-. '( 5%.9
%, 4%"% 0%
/#.,2"+//)-. '(0 2"%,6%,( ,+4(")#"
( '(,)$.%"> +. ,)2)# '( "(+.)-. '(0 4(",#.%0 (. /%'% *"(.2( '( 2"%3%9
#
0 4(",#.%0 "(+.)'# '(3("> '(2(/2%" ,) %0$+)(. .# ,( (./+(.2"% (. (0
,)2)# '( "(+.)-.
,2# ,( 4+('( "(%0)5%" &(')%.2( +. /#.2(# # 4#" 0%
.-&).% '( 2"%3%9
%'#"(,
#,2(")#" %0 (6(.2#J (0 9
(*( # (./%"$%'# '(3("> (*(/2+%" 0% (6%0+%/)-.
'( 0#, '%P#, ;+( ,( <+3)(,(. 4"(,(.2%'#
) (0 '(,0)5%&)(.2# ,( 0# %2")3+1( % 0% %//)-. '( +. ,),&#J (0 4(",#.%0
'( 0% #3"% '(3("> (,2%" 4"(4%"%'# 4%"% 4#,)30(, "=40)/%, '(0 &),&#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

.% 6(5 %/2)6%'# (0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%J ,( 4"#/('("> %0 '(,4(9


(1
0)&4)(5% '(0 >"(% %*(/2%'%
0 &%2(")%0 "(,+02%.2( '( 0% 0)&4)(5% ,( 0#
'(3("> /%"%/2(")5%"J 1 '( .# /+&40)" /#. 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, 2=/.)/#,
4%"% ,+ "(+2)0)5%/)-.J ,( 4"#/('("> % 2"%2%"0# /#&# &%2(")%0 '( '(,(/<#J
1 % '(4#,)2%"0# (. (0 "(,4(/2)6# ,)2)# ,(0(//)#.%'# 4%"% (,2( *).
0 0%. '%"> 4")#")'%' % 0%, 2%"(%, '( %2(./)-. % 0%, 4(",#.%, ;+(
<+3)(,(. "(,+02%'# %*(/2%'%, (. %0$+.% &%.("% 4#" (0 )./)'(.2(
%"%0(0%&(.2(J ,) ,( <% %*(/2%'# /%.%0(, .%2+"%0(, # (,2("#, 4"-B)&#, %0
,)2)# '(0 '(,0)5%&)(.2#J ,( 4"#/('("> % ,+ "(,4(/2)6% 0)&4)(5%J 2"%2%.'#
(. 0# 4#,)30( 0% "(&(')%/)-. 2#2%0 '(0 &),&#J (6)2%.'# %,74"#30(&%,
'( ,(')&(.2%/)-. + #3,2"+//)-. '( /+",#, '( %$+% M,(/#, # .#N
+%.'# ,( <+3)("( /+&40)'# /#. 2#'%, 0%, 2%"(%, '( 0)&4)(5% 1
&)2)$%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%, %*(/2%'%, 4#" (0 '(,0)5%&)(.2#J 1 0#, 6#0O&(.(,
'( &%2(")%0 ,+(02# .# /#.,2)2+1%. +.% %&(.%5% %0 (/#,),2(&%J (0
"(,4#.,%30( '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% '(/0%"%"> 0% 2("&).%/)-. '(0
#4("%2)6# 1 '(,%/2)6%"> (0 0%.
XI.8.5.2

"

+/<%, '( 0%, ,+4("*)/)(, ;+( 6%. % ,(" +2)0)5%'%, /#&# 4%2)# '( &%.)#3"%,
4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '( 0% 4"(,%J 1 4%"% 0% (B40#2%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(,
M/%.2("%,NJ ,( (./+(.2"%. '(.2"# '(0 >"(% '( ).+.'%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,(
,2%,
>"(%, '( &%.)#3"%, ,#. 6+0.("%30(, *"(.2( % '(""%&(, '( <)'"#/%"3+"#, #
/+%0;+)(" 2)4# '( ,+,2%./)% ;+7&)/% 4(0)$"#,%J '(3)'# 4")./)4%0&(.2( %
%//)'(.2(, # 4">/2)/%, '(*)/)(.2(,
,2#, '(""%&(, '%">. /#&# "(,+02%'# 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-. '(0 ,+(0# %*(/2%'#J 1 '(4(.')(.'# '( 0% ,(6(")'%' '(0 (6(.2#J
%*(/2%">. 0% /%0)'%' '(0 %$+% '(0 7#
( )$+%0 *#"&%J (. (0 h&
'( 0% 67% F+(6('# K %.2# #&).$#J ,( 0#/%0)5%
+. 2"%&# '(0 #0(#'+/2# %,/+%0(,
%.2# #&).$#J '(
4+0$%'%,
')>&(2"#
B),2( (0 4#2(./)%0 '( ;+( (B),2%. '(""%&(, '( <)'"#/%"3+"#
'+"%.2( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, /#.,2"+/2)6%, '(0 %.%0 J '(3)'# % ;+( (,2( 2"%&# '(
#0(#'+/2# ,("> "(&#6)'# '( 0% 67% 4%"% ,(" %'#,%'# % (,2( /%.%0
#""(,4#.'("> % 0#, ).2($"%.2(, '(0 #&)2= '( "),),J 0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( +.
40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%, '(*).)2)6# % 4%"2)" '( 0#, 0).(%&)(.2#, %;+7
4"(,(.2%'#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.5.2.1

0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%, <% '(,%""#00%",( 4#" (0 #&)2=J '(3("> ,(">


'),(P%'# 4%"% <%/(" *"(.2( % '(""%&(, &(.#"(, M<%,2%
$%0#.(,N
%"% (6(.2#, ;+( ).6#0+/"(. /%.2)'%'(, ,+4(")#"(, %
$%0#.(, ,(
"(/+"")"> %0 0%. H#.%0 '( #.2).$(./)%,
0 4")./)4%0 #39
(2)6# '(0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% (,% 4"(6(.)" #
&).)&)5%" (0 4#2(./)%0 '( /%+,%" /#.2%&).%/)-. '( 0%, %$+%, '( 0%
4"(,% 4#" 4%"2( '(0 #0(#'+/2# '( (2"#(/+%'#" 0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '(3(">
,(" (0%3#"%'# (. '(2%00( 4#" A
( )'(.2)*)/%"> %'(&>, 0%, %//)#.(, 3>,)/% .(/(,%")%, 1 0#, (;+)4#,
"(;+(")'#, <%,2% ;+( ,( %/2)6( (0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% 4#" 4%"2( '(
(2"#(/+%'#"J ;+)(.(, ,#. 0#, "(,4#.,%30(, ')"(/2#, (, /%,# '( (6(.2#,
'( (,2% .%2+"%0(5% ( '(3("> %'(&>, (*(/2+%" 0% .#2)*)/%/)-. '(0
(6(.2# % 0% +4(").2(.'(./)% '(0 %0)2"%0
0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%. '( &("$(./)% (, (0 "(,4#.,%30( 4#" (0 '(,%""#00#
'( 0#, 0).(%&)(.2#, 1 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 4"#6),2#, 4#" (0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '(
/#.2).$(./)%
XI.8.5.2.2

3
,
!

))&+E
5

!*

-!./ ! * -

,
. 1. #

T
.

5
!

-!./ ! * !*

"(6)# % 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, /#.,2"+/2)6%, '(0


%.%0
J
A
'(3(">
&%.2(.("
/#.6(",%/)#.(, /#. "(4"(,(.2%.2(, '(
(2"#(/+%'#" % *). '( ;+( (,2#, O02)&#,
2(.$%. /#.#/)&)(.2# '( 0%, #3"%, /)6)0(, %
(*(/2+%",( (. ')/<# 2"%&# '( 0% 67%
A '(3("> (,4("%" % ;+( .# (B),2% *0+9
# '(
<)'"#/%"3+"# (. (0 2"%&# '(0 #0(#'+/2# %
"(&#6(",( %.2(, '( ).)/)%" /+%0;+)("

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

T
(

1
.

,
. )"(/2#" '(0
0%.

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

!*

. *-5
+KKD

1 -!
/.- - U

.# -

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.

))&+E
5

!*

-!./ ! * -

,
. 1. #

T
.

5
!

T
(

!*

,
. -

-!./ ! * !*

. *-5
+KKD

1 -!
/.- - U

.# -

%/2)6)'%' /#.,2"+/2)6% # '( &#6)&)(.2# '(


2)(""% % %/2)6)'%' '(0 /#"2( '( *0+9
# '(3(">
,(" (*(/2+%'# 4#" (2"#(/+%'#"
( (B)$)"> +. '#/+&(.2# '( /#"2( '( *0+9
#
/#&# ,#4#"2( '( ')/<% %/2)6)'%'
( 6(")*)/%",( '(""%&( '( <)'"#/%"3+"#
'(,'( 0% 07.(% '( #0(#'+/2#J ,( 4"#/('("> %
%/2)6%" (0 "#/(')&)(.2# ,4(/7*)/# '(
(,4+(,2% %.2( (""%&( '( A)'"#/%"3+"#,
0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

XI.8.5.2.3

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

"#/(')&)(.2# ,4(/7*)/# (
(,4+(,2% %.2( (""%&(, '(
<)'"#/%"3+"#

I 2

%, %//)#.(, ).&(')%2%, % ,($+)" *"(.2( % 0% /#.2).$(./)% '( +. '(""%&( '(


4"#'+/2#, ;+7&)/#, ,( 3%,%">. (,4(/7*)/%&(.2( (. 0% +7% '( (,4+(,2% %
&("$(./)%, /#.
%2(")%0(, (0)$"#,#,J 4"#4#"/)#.%'% 4#" 0% (/"(2%"7%
=/.)/% '( (,2)-. '( "#'+/2#, F+7&)/#, (0)$"#,#,J '(0 ).),2(")# '(0
&3)(.2( '(0 /+%'#"
. (,2% +7% ,( +3)/% +.% 0),2% '( 4"#'+/2#, ;+7&)/#, 4(0)$"#,#, %4"#3%'#
4#" 0%, %/)#.(, .)'%,J /#. ,+ "(,4(/2)6# .O&("# '( )'(.2)*)/%/)-. 1 $+7%
'( "(,4+(,2%
% $+7% '( "(,4+(,2% /#.2)(.( (. '(2%00( 0#, 40%.(, '(
/#.2).$(./)% 4%"% /%'% +.# '( 0#, 4"#'+/2#, ;+7&)/#, %007'(,/")2#, % $+7%
'(3("> (,2%" '),4#.)30( 4%"% (0 $"+4# '( "(,4+(,2%
XI.8.5.2.4

0 4"#/(')&)(.2# % ,($+)" '+"%.2( +. (6(.2# '( '(""%&( '( <)'"#/%"3+"#, ,(


'(,/")3( % /#.2).+%/)-.
( <%"> +.% (6%0+%/)-. ">4)'% '( 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '(0 '(""%&(J
(6%0+%.'# 4")./)4%0&(.2( (0 6#0+&(.J 1 '(*).)=.'#0# /#&# &%1#" #
&(.#" ( %/+("'# %
M
NJ ,( /#.,)'("% +. '(""%&( &(.#" %
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+. 6#0+&(. '( <)'"#/%"3+"# '(""%&%'# <%,2%


$%0#.(,
.
'(""%&( &%1#" (, %;+(0 /+1# 6#0+&(. '(""%&%'# (, &%1#" %
$%0#.(,
#.2(.(" (0 '(""%&( # '(,/%"$% 4%"% 4"(6(.)" 0% '),(&).%/)-. '( 0%
/#.2%&).%/)-. 0 '(""%&( '(3("> "(4"(,%",( &(')%.2( %"(.% + #2"#,
&%2(")%0(,
)&4)(5% '(0 '(""%&(
%"% 2%0 (*(/2# ,( +,%">. 4%0%,J 4)/#,J (.2"(
#2"#,
.% 0),2% '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, 4%"% /#.2"#0 '( '(""%&(, ,( &+(,2"%
&>, %'(0%.2( (. (,2% ,(//)-.
(2(.(" (0 '(""%&(J ,). (B4#.(",( % 0% /#.2%&).%/)-.
),4#,)/)-. # (0)&).%/)-. '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, /#.2%&).%'#, +2)0)5%'#,
'( +.% &%.("% %&3)(.2%0&(.2( %'(/+%'%
6)2%" 2#/%" 0#, "(/)4)(.2(, '%P%'#, ,). 0#, %//(,#")#, %4"#4)%'#, '(
4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0
"(6(.)" ;+( (0 '(""%&( %0/%./( /%+/(, .%2+"%0(,J /#0#/%.'# 3%""("%,
'( %"(.% %0"('('#" '(0 '(""%&(
(4#"2%" (0 )./)'(.2( %0

("(.2( '(0 "#1(/2#

')/)#.%0&(.2(J 1 4%"% (0 /%,# '( '(""%&(, '( /#&3+,2)30( (. >"(%, /("/%.%,


% "7#,J ,( ).,2%0%"> +.% 3%""("% '( /#.2(./)-. /#. %./0%9
( %$+%, %3%9
#
(
/#.,)'("%"> (0 /%+'%0 1 0% 6(0#/)'%' '(0 "7# 4%"% +3)/%" %4"#4)%'%&(.2( 0%
3%""("% '( &%.("% ;+( (0 /#&3+,2)30( ;+('( "(2(.)'# (. 0% &),&%
(
'(3(">. "(%0)5%" 4"+(3%, '(0 +,# '( (,2#, (;+)4#, ). ,)2+J 4%"% '(2("&).%" 0%
+3)/%/)-. %4"#4)%'%
XI.8.5.2.5

0 4"#1(/2# '(3("> /#.2%" /#. (0 (;+)4# &7.)&# (,4(/7*)/# 4%"% <%/(" *"(.2( %
0%, /#.2).$(./)%, *"(.2( % '(""%&(, '( ,+,2%./)%, ;+7&)/%, # <)'"#/%"3+"#,
%P#, 3,#"3(.2(,
),4(",%.2( '( (2"-0(# M%4"#3%'# 4#"
N
(/)4)(.2(, /#.2(.('#"(, 4%"% (0 &%2(")%0 "(/#$)'#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%""("%, *0#2%.2(,J /#. %./0%9


(J 4%"% (0 /%,# '( 2"%3%9
#, (. 0(/<#, '(
"7#,
;+)4#, '( ,($+")'%' /#&# $+%.2(,J &%.')0(, 40>,2)/#,J $%*%, '(
4"#2(//)-.J 3#2%,J &%,/%")00% '( "(,4)"%/)-. 4%"% <)'"#/%"3+"#,
>&%"% *#2#$">*)/% 4%"% '#/+&(.2%" (0 )./)'(.2(
;+)4#, '( /#&+.)/%/)-.
'(&>,J ,( '(3( "(/#"'%" ;+( +. 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% .# ,( '(/0%"%">
/#./0+)'# &)(.2"%, .# ,( "(4#"2(. (6)'(./)%, '#/+&(.2%'%, '( ;+( 0% &%1#"
%*(/2%/)-. '( )&4%/2# <% ,)'# ,+4("%'% 1 0%, 0%3#"(, 4(.')(.2(, '( "(%0)5%"
,#. O.)/%&(.2( 0%3#"(, '( &)2)$%/)-.J ,(%. (,2%, '( *0#"% # *%+.% '( 0%, >"(%,
/+1% 0%3#" ,(% '( 0%"$% '+"%/)-.
( '(3("> /#0(/2%" 0% &%1#" ).*#"&%/)-. 4#,)30( M*#2#,J 6)'(#,J (2/ N % &%.("%
'( (6)'(./)% '( 0% "(,4+(,2% # %//)#.(, (&4"(.')'%, '( &%.("% ;+( ,(
(./+(.2"(. '),4#.)30(, 4%"% 0#, &+.)/)4)#, "(,4(/2)6#,J # 4%"% ,%2),*%/(" 0%,
).;+)(2+'(, '( 0% /#&+.)'%' 1 4(",#.%, %*(/2%'%, 4#" (,2( 2)4# '(
%//)'(.2(,
#'%, 0%, %//)#.(, 1 ')"(/2")/(, %,+&)'%, 4#" (0 /#&)2= '( /#.2).$(./)%
'(3(">. ,(" "($),2"%'%, (. 3)2>/#"%, (,4(/)%0&(.2( 4%"% (0 (*(/2# 1 2#'%, 0%,
#"'(.(, (&)2)'%, 4#" /+%0;+)(" &(')# M*%BJ /%"2%,J (2/ NJ '(3("> ;+('%" (. 0#,
"($),2"#, /#&# /#.,2%./)% '( 0# ,+/(')'#
XI.8.5.2.6

3
-

%'% 0% .%2+"%0(5% 4"(0)&).%" '( 0#, 0%.(, '( #.2).$(./)% 4"(,(.2%'#, (.


(,2( 2"%3%9
#J ,( "(;+)("( ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# K A J 9
+.2# /#. (0 #&)2= '(
"),), (0%3#"( 0% (,2"+/2+"%/)-. '( +. 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% (2%00%'#
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2%. 0#, /#&4#.(.2(, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" /#.2(&40%'#, (.
0% (0%3#"%/)-. '( ')/<# 40%.
),(P%" +. #"$%.)$"%&% *+./)#.%0 '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%J ;+( %,)$.(
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, 1 %2")3+/)#.(, %0 4(",#.%0 '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)-.
'(0 4"#1(/2#J (,2%30(5/% 07.(%, '( %+2#")'%' 1 '( /##"').%/)-.J 1 '(*).%
0#, ')*("(.2(, /+",#, '( %//)-.
),(P%" +. ,),2(&% '( '(2(//)-. 1 %0%"&% 4%"% (&("$(./)%, 1 *#"&%, '(
.#2)*)/%/)-. % 0#, #"$%.),&#, 1 $"+4#, '( 4(",#.%, ).6#0+/"%'%,J
%'(/+%'#, % 0% .%2+"%0(5% 1 &%$.)2+' '(0 '(""%&(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

( '(3(">. (*(/2+%" %+')2#")%, % 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '( 2"%.,*("(./)% '(


/#&3+,2)30(,
4%"2)" '(0 "(,+02%'# '( (,2%, %+')2#"7%, ,( '(3(">. 2#&%"
&(')'%, /#""(/2)6%, (. 2#'#, 0#, .)6(0(, (. 0#, ;+( ,( <%1%. )'(.2)*)/%'#
%02#, 4#2(./)%0(, '( *%00%, # '%P#, ;+( 4+('%. "(,+02%" (. '(""%&(,
(2("&).%" 0#, 0+$%"(, '( +3)/%/)-. '( (;+)4#, 1 &%2(")%0(, 4%"%
"(4+(,2% % '(""%&(,J %,7 /#&# 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, '( (9
(/+/)-. '(
,)&+0%/"#, '( (&("$(./)% 4#" '(""%&(,
. (0 '),(P# '(*).)2)6# '(0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% '(3(. 4"(4%"%",( 6%")#,
).*#"&(, 2=/.)/#,J 2%0(, /#&# 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
.*#"&( 3>,)/# %/("/% '( 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% /(.2"%0 1 +.% '(,/")4/)-. '( ,+
(.2#".#J
%.+%0(, '( 4("%/)-. '(0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% )./0+1(.'# 0#, 2(0=*#.#,
1 *"(/+(./)%, 4%"% /#&+.)/%/)#.(, '+"%.2( 0%, (&("$(./)%,J
%.+%0(, )'>/2)/#, 4%"% (0 "#$"%&% '( %4%/)2%/)-.J
%.+%0(, '( #.'+//)-. '( 0#, )&+0%/"#,J
%.+%0(, 4%"% "#/(')&)(.2#, '( )3("%/)-. '( .*#"&%/)-. % 0% "(.,% 1
O30)/# (. $(.("%0
XI.8.5.3

% )&4#"2%.2( /%.2)'%' '( &%;+).%")%, 4(,%'%, 1 (;+)4#, /%&).("#, ;+( ,(


+2)0)5%">. 4%"% 0% /#.,2"+//)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J %,7/#&# (0 /#.,)'("%30( .O&("#
'( (;+)4#, "(;+(")'#, 4%"% 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% /(.2"%0J <%/(. ;+( (B),2% 0%
4#,)3)0)'%' '( )./)'(.2(, 4"#6#/%'#, 4#" %//)'(.2(, /#. (,2%, &%;+).%")%, 1
(;+)4#,
. (0 &#&(.2# (. ;+( ,( "($),2"( +. (6(.2# "(0%/)#.%'# /#. (,2#, %//)'(.2(,J
,( '(3("> 6(")*)/%" ,) (B),2( %0$O. /#0%3#"%'#"M(,N ;+( .(/(,)2( ,(" %2(.')'#
).&(')%2%&(.2( 4#" 4(",#.%0 /%0)*)/%'# (. %2(./)-. '( 4")&("#, %+B)0)#,J
4%"% (,2# ,( '(3("> ,($+)" 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(,?
( '(3("> %0("2%" %0 4(",#.%0 (. (0 4+(,2# '( 2"%3%9
# ,#3"( 0%
(&("$(./)%
(3("> /#&+.)/%",( ).&(')%2%&(.2( /#. (0 (./%"$%'# '(0 >"(% '(
2"%3%9
#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#0)/)2%" %0 <(")'# ;+( ,( )./#"4#"( 4#" ,+, 4"#4)#, &(')#,J (. (0 /%,#


;+( .# 4+('% <%/("0#J ,#0)/)2( 0% %,),2(./)% '(0 =')/# # '( %0$O.
/#0%3#"%'#" ;+( 2(.$% /#.#/)&)(.2#, '( 4")&("#, %+B)0)#,
+./% &+(6% % +. <(")'# ,) .# 2)(.( 0#, /#.#/)&)(.2#, '( 4")&("#,
%+B)0)#,
. (0 /%,# '( ,(" 2"%,0%'%'# (0 <(")'#J '(3( ,(" 00(6%'# %0 /(.2"# '(
%,),2(./)% &=')/% &>, /("/%.#
( '(3("> /#&+.)/%" '( 0% (&("$(./)% % (/+",#, A+&%.#, 4%"% 0%
%,),2(./)% (. (0 (.2"# '( 2(./)-. =')/% '(0 /%&4%&(.2# M*%,( '(
/#.,2"+//)-.NJ # '( 0% /(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% M*%,( '( #4("%/)-.N
"#/('(" % (&)2)" (0 "(4#"2( '( %//)'(.2(, "(,4(/2)6#
. 2#'%, 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(, '(3("> (B),2)" +. 3#2);+7. /#. 0#, &(')/%&(.2#,
).'),4(.,%30(, 4%"% 0% %2(./)-. '( ,+, 2"%3%9
%'#"(,J (. 0#, /%,#, '(
(&("$(./)%J 4#" %//)'(.2( '( 2"%3%9
# # 4#" (.*("&('%' /#&O. "(4(.2).%
#&# &(')'% %')/)#.%0J (. 2#'# *"(.2( '( 2"%3%9
# (. (0 ;+( (B),2)("%.
6().2)/)./# # &>, 4(",#.%, 2"%3%9
%.'# % 0% 6(5J ,( '(3("> '),4#.(" %'(&>, '(
+. 0#/%0 '(,2).%'# % (.*("&("7% /("/%.# % (,2( *"(.2( '( 2"%3%9
#
#, *"(.2(, '( 2"%3%9
# ;+( ,( (./+(.2"(. (9
(/+2%.'# 2"%3%9
#, %0 %)"( 0)3"( (.
0%, 5#.%, 2"#4)/%0(, # ,+32"#4)/%0(,J (,2>. #30)$%'#, % '),4#.(" '( .# &(.#,
'( ,(), '#,), '( ,+("# %.2)#*7')/# 1 '(0 ).,2"+&(.2%0 .(/(,%")# 4%"% %40)/%"0#J
'(3)(.'# .# ,-0# %2(.'(" %0 2"%3%9
%'#"J ,).# 2%&3)=. % 0% 4#30%/)-.J (. /%,#
'( &#"'('+"% '( ,("4)(.2(
XI.8.5.4

#%

, .(/(,%")# /#./)(./)%" %0 4(",#.%0 ,#3"( (0 6%0#" /+02+"%0 1 0% 4"#2(//)-.


0($%0 /#. ;+( /+(.2%. 0#, "(/+",#, %";+(#0-$)/#, (. (0 /+%'#" '( &%.("%
;+( %.2( +. <%00%5$# ,)$.)*)/%2)6# ,( %/2)6( (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%
.2(
<%00%5$#, .# ,)$.)*)/%2)6#, (0 &#.)2#" 1 (0 9
(*( '(0 *"(.2( "($),2"%">. 1 $(#
"(*("(./)%">. (0 &),&# 1 .# ,( %/2)6%"> (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%
%"% 4"#4-,)2#, '(0 40%. ,( '(*).( /#&# +. <%00%5$# ,)$.)*)/%2)6# 4%"% "(,/%2(
% %;+(00#, ,)2)#, /#. &>, '(
(0(&(.2#, '(
2)4#, '( &%2(")% 4")&%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

')*("(.2( (.
& # ).$(.)("7%, 4"(<),4>.)/%, #, ,)2)#, ;+( .# /+&40(.
(,2%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, .# ,(">. "(,/%2%'#,J ,). (&3%"$# ,(">. "($),2"%'#, 1
&%4(%'#,
XI.8.5.4.1
0 4(",#.%0 (,4(/)%0)5%'# '(3("> "(%0)5%" +. "(/#.#/)&)(.2# ).&(')%2# 1 (.
/%,# '( '(/0%"%" (0 <%00%5$# /#&# ,)$.)*)/%2)6# ,( 4"#/('("> '( %/+("'# % 0#
(,2%30(/)'# (. (0 "#1(/2# I (,/%2( '(0 %2")&#.)# ";+(#0-$)/# '( 0%
+(./% '(0 7# %3%? 5#.% '( 4"(,% 1 (&3%0,(G 0 "(,4#.,%30( '(0 40%.
%/2+%"> '( %/+("'# % 0# (,2%30(/)'# (. 0% (1 '( %2")&#.)# +02+"%0 1 ,+
($0%&(.2#
#, 4%,#, % ,($+)"J 4%"% (9
(/+2%" +. (*)/)(.2( (,2+')# '(0 /#&4#.(.2(
%";+(#0-$)/# %.2( 4#,)30(, <%00%5$#, ,#. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(,?
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,
"(4%"%/)-. '(0 (,2+')#
,2)&%/)-.J )&40(&(.2%/)-. 1 (6%0+%/)-.
#, (,2+')#, '(0 /#&4#.(.2( %";+(#0-$)/# '(3(. (,2%" 0)$%'#, %0 ,)$+)(.2(
(,;+(&%?
(/#.#/)&)(.2# '( /%&4#
.6(,2)$%/)-. 3)30)#$">*)/%
+(,2"(# /+02+"%0
"+(3%,? ,#.'(#, # 4"+(3%, '( 4%0%
"#,4(//)-. %";+(#0-$)/%? +3)/%/)-.J ).2($")'%' 1 ,)$.)*)/%'# '(
3)(.(,
#.)2#"(# %";+(#0-$)/# 1 "(/+4("%/)-. '(0 '%2#
%06%2%9
( # "(,/%2( %";+(#0-$)/#
% 4"#*+.')'%' '(0 (,2+')# %";+(#0-$)/# '(4(.'("> '(0 2(""(.#J 2)4# '(
<%00%5$#,J ,+ )&4#"2%./)% 1 /#.')/)-.
( &%.("% /#&40(&(.2%")% '(3(">
"(4#"2%",( 0% 4"(')//)-. '(0 )&4%/2#J &(')'% '( &)2)$%/)-. )&40(&(.2%'%J
&%.(9
# 1 &#.)2#"(# '( 3)(.(, /+02+"%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.5.4.2

#
9

/#.2).+%/)-. ,( ).')/%. 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 3>,)/#, 4%"% 4"(,("6%" 0#, "(/+",#,


%";+(#0-$)/#, 1 <%/(" *"(.2( % <%00%5$#, )&4"(6),2#, (. 0%, >"(%, '(0 4"#1(/2#
'+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-.
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( (B4#.(. 0%, &(')'%, % ,($+)",( #
)&40(&(.2%",(?
>
%"% 4"#4-,)2#, '(0 40%. ,( '(*).( /#&# +. <%00%5$# ,)$.)*)/%2)6# 4%"% "(,/%2(
% %;+(00#, ,)2)#, /#. &>, '(
(0(&(.2#, '(
2)4#, '( &%2(")% 4")&%
')*("(.2( (.
& # ).$(.)("7%, 4"(<),4>.)/%, #, ,)2)#, ;+( .# /+&40(.
(,2%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, .# ,(">. "(,/%2%'#,J ,). (&3%"$# ,(">. "($),2"%'#, 1
&%4(%'#,
. (0 /%,# '( ;+( %0$O. '(,/+3")&)(.2# '( &%2(")%0 %";+(#0-$)/#J ,)2)#, '(
%,(.2%&)(.2# ).'7$(.% # '( 4")&("#, /#0#.#,J /(&(.2(")#,J "(0);+)%,J *-,)0(,J
+ #2"#, #39
(2#, '( ).2("=, %";+(#0-$)/#,J 4%0(#.2#0-$)/# # '( "%"# ).2("=,
&).("%0-$)/# '+"%.2( 0% "(%0)5%/)-. '( 0%, #3"%,J (0
'(3(">?
+,4(.'(" 2"%.,)2#")%&(.2( 0#, 2"%3%9
#, (. (0 ,)2)# '( '(,/+3")&)(.2#J
*(/2+%" +. (,2+')#J /#. (0 %,(,#"%&)(.2# '( +. (,4(/)%0),2% (. 0%
&%2(")%J ;+( 0( 4("&)2% '),4#.(" %.2)/)4%'%&(.2( '( ).*#"&%/)-.
"(,4(/2# '( 0%, >"(%, '( 4#2(./)%0(, <%00%5$#, &>, ,(.,)30(,
0 /#.2"%2),2% /#0#/%"> +. 6%00%'# 4(")&(2"%0 4%"% '(0)&)2%" 0% 5#.% '#.'( ,(
(./+(.2"% (0 '(,/+3)&)(.2# '(0 &%2(")%0 %";+(#0-$)/#J 1 '(9
%" 4(",#.%0 '(
/+,2#')% /#. (0 *). '( (6)2%" 0#, 4#,)30(, ,%;+(#,
6)2%" "(&#6("J (B2"%(" # %4#'("%",( '( .).$+.# '( ')/<#, #39
(2#,J
/#.,)'("%.'# ;+(J (. 2#'#, 0#, /%,#,J ,#. 4"#4)('%' '(0 ,2%'#
>

, .(/(,%")# /#./)(./)%" %0 4(",#.%0 ,#3"( (0 6%0#" /+02+"%0 1 0% 4"#2(//)-.


0($%0 /#. ;+( /+(.2%. 0#, "(/+",#, %";+(#0-$)/#, (. (0 /+%'#" '( &%.("%
;+( %.2( +. <%00%5$# ,)$.)*)/%2)6# ,( %/2)6( (0 40%.
.2( <%00%5$#, .#
,)$.)*)/%2)6#, (0 &#.)2#" 1 (0 9
(*( '(0 *"(.2( "($),2"%">. 1 $(# "(*("(./)%">. (0
&),&# 1 .# ,( %/2)6%"> (0 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

>

+3")" 0%, 4)(5%, <%00%'%, /#. +. *)0& 40>,2)/#J (0 ;+( 4#'"> ,(" %*)"&%'# %0
,+(0# /#. 2)(""%J "#/%, # /+%0;+)(" #2"# (0(&(.2# '( 4(,# ;+( ,( +3);+( (. 0#,
(B2"(&#, '(0 &),&#J /+)'%.'# '( .# %4#1%"0# ,#3"( 0%, 4)(5%, ( %/+("'#
/#. (0 2)4# '( <%00%5$#J (*(/2+%" +. "(00(.# %')/)#.%0 4%"% %,($+"%" 0% '(3)'%
4"#2(//)-. '( +.% (,2"+/2+"% (. "+).%,J # 4%"% 4"(6(.)" /+%0;+)(" 2)4# '(
'(""+&3(J "(00(.%.'# 0#, (,4%/)#, 6%/7#, /#. &%2(")%0 '( "(00(.#J (0 ;+( ,(
+3)/%"> ,+(02# (. 0% 4%"2( 0%2("%0 (B2(".% '(0 *)0&
3
#.,2"+)" +. (,2%/%'# # %4+.2%0%" 0% (,2"+/2+"% <%00%'% 4%"% 4"#2($("0%
%'(/+%'%&(.2(J 1 /#.,2"+)" +. 6%00%'# 2(&4#"%0 4%"% (6)2%" (0 %//(,# %0 0+$%"
'( 4(",#.%, .# %+2#")5%'%,
.
0 /#.2"%2),2% (,4(/)%0)5%'# (. %";+(#0#$7%J 4"#6(("> '( %,(,#"%&)(.2#
(,4(/)%0)5%'#J (;+)4%&)(.2#J &%.# '( #3"% 1 0#, &%2(")%0(, .(/(,%")#, 4%"%
4#,)3)0)2%" 0% (B2"%//)-. '( 0#, "(,2#, (./#.2"%'#,J 4"(,("6>.'#0#, '(
/+%0;+)(" '%P# (. 0#, /%,#, (. 0#, ;+( ,( '(/)'% (B2"%(" 0%, 4)(5%,
#

>

"#6((" (. (0 /%,# '( 4)(5%, '( 2%&%P# ,)$.)*)/%2)6#J 0#, &(')#, %4"#4)%'#,
4%"% ,+ 2"%,0%'# %0 0+$%" ;+( ).');+(. 0%, %+2#")'%'(, '(0 #3)(".#
"#6)./)%0
3

>

0 /#.2"%2),2% (,4(/)%0)5%'# (. %";+(#0#$)% ).*#"&%">J %0 .,2)2+2# %/)#.%0 '(


%2")&#.)# +02+"%0 1 % 0%, %+2#")'%'(, /#&4(2(.2(,J (. +. 4("7#'# &>B)&#
'( ! <#"%, 0#, <%00%5$#, ;+( (*(/2O(
% 4"(,(./)% '( +. &#.)2#"
4("&%.(.2( '+"%.2( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. )&4(')"> "(2"%,#, &%1#"(, *"(.2( %
<%00%5$#, )&4"(6),2#,
" %'%D

#
0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '(3( (.2(.'(",( /#&# +.% &(')'% '( 4"#2(//)-. % 0%,
/#&+.)'%'(, %0('%P%, %0 4"#1(/2# ;+( 4("&)2)"> '),&).+)" 0%, 4#,)3)0)'%'(,
'( $(.("%" ")(,$#, 1 4#" #2"% 4%"2(J (. /%,# '( %//)'(.2(, "('+/)" %0 &>B)&#
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,+, /#.,(/+(./)%, ) % 4(,%" '( <%3(" %'#42%'# &(')'%, '( 4"(6(./)-.J .#


*+("% 4#,)30( (6)2%" 0% "#2+"% # '(,3#"'( '( 0#, ');+(,J ,( '(3("> 4"(6(" 0%
/#&+.)/%/)-. &(')%.2( ,),2(&%, '( 2"%.,&),)-.J %0("2% 1 %0%"&%, % 0%,
%+2#")'%'(, /#&4(2(.2(, 1 % 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, %$+%, %3%9
# 4#2(./)%0&(.2(
%*(/2%'%, 4%"% ;+( %'#42(. 0%, &(')'%, '( ,($+")'%' % *). '( "('+/)" #
(0)&).%" 0#, '%P#, % 0% 6)'% 1 % 0% 4"#4)('%'
0 4"(,(.2( 0%. 4#.( (,4(/)%0 =.*%,), (. 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +.
J
"
"
.
"
"
. 40%. '( /#.2).$(./)% # '(
"(,4+(,2% % (&("$(./)%, (, +. 40%. *#"&%0 (,/")2#J ')*+.')'# 1 %'#42%'# 4#"
2#'#, 0#, &)(&3"#, '( 0% #"$%.)5%/)-.J ;+( )'(.2)*)/% 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 1
4"#/(,#, ;+( 0#, #4("%'#"(, '( +.% ).,2%0%/)-. ,($+)">. (. /%,# '( +.%
(&("$(./)%
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( '(,/")3( 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 3>,)/#, '( "(,4+(,2% %.2( 0%
(&("$(./)% '(,3#"'( # "+42+"% '(0 ');+( '( 4"(,%
% (&4"(,% '(3(">
(0%3#"%" &%4%, '( ).+.'%/)-. 4"#$"(,)6%J (. 0#, 4")&("#, &).+2#, % 4%"2)"
'( 0% "#2+"%J %,7/#&# %0 /%3# '( +.% <#"%J '#, <#"%,J (2/ % (0%3#"%/)-. '(
')/<#, &%4%, 4("&)2)"> (,2%30(/(" 0% &%$.)2+' '( 0%, >"(%, 4#2(./)%0&(.2(
).+.'%30(,J %,7/#&# 0%, 4#30%/)#.(, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" (6%/+%'%, ).)/)%0&(.2(
1 /+%0(, 4#'">. ,(" (6%/+%'%, '(,4+=, '( 0% "#2+"% '( 0% 4"(,%
0 &#&(.2#J A ,( (./+(.2"% (0%3#"%.'# +. &%4% '( ).+.'%/)-. %$+%,
%3%9
# '(0 );+(
;+( 4("&)2)"> (,2%30(/(" /+%0(, ,(">. 0%, 4#30%/)#.(,
4#,)30(&(.2( %*(/2%'%, (. /%,# '( 0% "+42+"% '(0 ');+(J ')/<# &%4% ,(
(./#.2"%"> 0),2# 4%"% (0 &(, '( ,(42)(&3"( '(0 4"(,(.2( %P#
XI.8.6.1

0 4")./)4%0 #39
(2)6# '(0 4"(,(.2( 0%. '( #.2).$(./)% (, (,2%30(/(" &(')'%,
'( "(,4+(,2% ).&(')%2% ;+( 4("&)2%. % A ,%06%$+%"'%" 6)'%, 1 "('+/)" 0#,
'%P#, &%2(")%0(, (. (0 (6(.2# '( ;+( 0% 4"(,% <)'"#(0(/2")/% %3% *%00%"%
'(3)'# % +. '(,3#"'%&)(.2# '( 0#, ');+(, # 0% "+42+"% '( 0#, &),&#, 0
4"(,(.2( 40%. '(3("> ,(" (0%3#"%'# (. '(2%00( 4#" A
XI.8.6.2

(-

"

0
% 4"(,(.2( A#9
% '( .*#"&%/)-. >,)/% '( 0% (.2"%0 '(3("> (./#.2"%",(
'),4#.)30( (. (0 /+%"2# '( /#.2"#0 '( 0% /(.2"%0J (. 0#, /(.2"#, '( ).*#"&%/)-.
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

M,(%. (,2#, (*(.,% )6)0J #0)/7% %/)#.%0J +("4# '( #&3("#,J /(.2"#, '(
,%0+'N 0 '#/+&(.2# '(3("> (./#.2"%",( 00(.# (. ,+ 2#2%0)'%' 1 '(3("> ,("
4("&%.(.2(&(.2( %/2+%0)5%'#
#0+&(. &>B)&# '( %$+% /#.2(.)'% M

<& N

"#4)(2%")# # (,4#.,%30(, '(0 "#1(/2#


#/%0)5%/)-. 1 +3)/%/)-. $(#$">*)/%
O&("#, (0(*-.)/#, '( 4(",#.%0 "(,4#.,%30( '(0 4"#1(/2#
)(&4# '(

"")3# '( %$+% % ,)2)#, 4#30%'#, M&%4% '( ).+.'%/)-.N

@"(%, %*(/2%'%,
%*(/2%'%,

,2%30(/(" (0 "%')# '( 0%, >"(%, 4#,)30(&(.2(

O&("# '( 4(",#.%, %*(/2%'%, # %&(.%5%'%, M(,2( ,("> (0 4#,)30(


.O&("# '( 4(",#.%, % ,(" (6%/+%'%,N
O&("#, (0(*-.)/#, '( 0#,
0#, #30%'#, &(.%5%'#,

(.2"#, '( .*#"&%/)-. (.

%'% +.# '(

:%/)0)'%'(, %&(.%5%'%,? ,("6)/)#, 4O30)/#, 1 4")6%'#, M#*)/).%,


&+.)/)4%0(,J (,/+(0%,J /#0($)#,J /(.2"#, '( ,%0+'J ,+&).),2"# '( %$+%
4#2%30(J <%/)(.'%, # *)./%,J (.2"( #2"#,N
XI.8.6.3

(-

"

XI.8.6.3.1
!
.
. 1. #

!
!

1
. -

!*
. . /%,# '( 6(")*)/%",( ;+( (0 %$+% (,2> 4#"
.,4(/2#"L).,4(
,#3"(4%,%" 0% /#2% &>B)&% '( 0% 4"(,%J ,(
/2#"(, '( 4"(,%
'(3("> ).&(')%2%&(.2( 00%&%" % 0#, /(.2"#,
'( ).*#"&%/)-. 0#/%0)5%'#, (. 0#, 4#30%'#, %
*). '( ;+( (,2#, (,2=. (. (,2%'# '( %0("2% (.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

.
5

!
#

T
.

A-

))&+'
. 1

T
(

. *-5
&

. /.- - U
.# 0%&%'% (0(*-.)/% % (.2"#, '(
.*#"&%/)-.

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.
. 1. #

!
!

!*

.
5

!
#

T
.

A-

))&+'
. 1

T
(

1
. -

. -

/.- - U

. *-5
&
.# -

/%,# '( (6%/+%/)-. '( 0#, 4#30%'#"(,


. /%,# '( 6(")*)/%",( ;+( (0 %$+% (&4)(5% % (*(, '( (.2"#,
'(,3#"'%",(J ,( '(3("> .#2)*)/%" % 0#,
'( .*#"&%/)-.
(.2"#, '( .*#"&%/)-. (. 0#, 4#30%'#, % *).
'( ;+( (,2#, &%.2(.$%. +.% "(+.)-. ).)/)%0
/#. 0#, ')")$(.2(, '( 0#, 4#30%'#,J %,7/#&#
/+("4# '( 3#&3("#,J 4#0)/7% 1 '(*(.,% /)6)0
% *). '( ;+( (,2#, /#&+.);+(. % 0% 4#30%/)-.
'( +.% 4#,)30( (6%/+%/)-. '( 0#, ,)2)#,
( '(3("> .#2)*)/%" %0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%. '(
#.2).$(./)%J ;+)(. 4+('( ,(" (0 )"(/2#" #
("(.2( '( A
. /%,# '( /#.2).+%" /#. (0 '(,3#"'( '( 0%
4"(,% ,( '(3("> ,#.%" 0% %0%"&% '( %0("2% % 0%
4#30%/)-.J % *). '( 4"#/('(" % 0% (6%/+%/)-.
'(0 4#30%'#

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

#.)'#, '( ,)"(.% ).2("&)2(.2( %


).2("6%0#, 0%"$#,

% (6%/+%/)-. ,( "(%0)5%"> % ,)2)#,


4"(6)%&(.2( (,2%30(/)'#, /#&# ,($+"#, (.
/%,# '( (,2#, (6(.2#,
0 +("4# '( #&3("#,J 4#0)/7% 1 '(*(.,%
/)6)0 '%"> 4")#")'%' % &+9
("(,J .)P#, 1
%./)%.#,

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

( '(3("> .#2)*)/%" '(0 (6(.2# % +2#")'%'(,


+3(".%&(.2%0(, % *). '( ;+( (,2#, 4"(,2(.
).&(')%2%&(.2( 0% %1+'% .(/(,%")% 4%"% 0%
(6%/+%/)-.
% *).%0)5%/)-. '( 0% (&("$(./)% ,(
4"#'+/)"> /+%.'# 4+('% %*)"&%",( ;+( <%
'(,%4%"(/)'# 0%, /%+,%, ;+( &#2)6%"#. 0%
'(/0%"%/)-. '( (&("$(./)%

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

.% 6(52("&).%'% 0% (&("$(./)%J ,(
4"#/('("> % (*(/2+%" +. "(/#.#/)&)(.2# '(
0%, (,2"+/2+"%, '(0 ');+( % *). '( '(2("&).%"
,) .# (B),2(. '%P#, (. 0#, &),&#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

("> (0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%. ;+)(.


4#'"> '(2("&).%" ,) 0%, /%+,%,
;+( &#2)6%"#. 0% '(/0%"%/)-. '(
(&("$(./)% <%. '(,%4%"(/)'#J
'%.'# 4#" *).%0)5%'% 0% &),&%J
.#2)*)/>.'#0# % 0#, #"$%.),&#,
4("2).(.2(,

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.
. 1. #

A-

!*

XI.8.6.3.2

. )"(/2#" '(0
0%.

A-

))&+J
-

./

./ !/.

( 4"#/('("> % ,#.%" 0% %0%"&% '( %0("2% % 0%


4#30%/)-.J % *). '( 4"#/('(" % 0% (6%/+%/)-.
'(0 4#30%'#
% (6%/+%/)-. ,( "(%0)5%"> % ,)2)#,
4"(6)%&(.2( (,2%30(/)'#, /#&# ,($+"#, (.
/%,# '( (,2#, (6(.2#,

(*(, '( (.2"#,


'( .*#"&%/)-.

0 +("4# '( #&3("#,J 4#0)/7% 1 '(*(.,%


/)6)0 '%"> 4")#")'%' % &+9
("(,J .)P#, 1
%./)%.#,

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

( '(3("> .#2)*)/%" '(0 (6(.2# % +2#")'%'(,


+3(".%&(.2%0(, % *). '( ;+( (,2#, 4"(,2(.
).&(')%2%&(.2( 0% %1+'% .(/(,%")% 4%"% 0%
(6%/+%/)-.
% *).%0)5%/)-. '( 0% (&("$(./)% ,(
4"#'+/)"> /+%.'# 0#, .)6(0(, '( %$+% <%00%.
'(,/(.')'# 1 0% 4"(,% .# 4"(,(.2( ,)$.#, '(
$")(2%, # "#2+"%, ;+( 4+('%. %02("%" 0%

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

M8
8

I/
1

T
(

1
I/

!*
. . /%,# '( 6(")*)/%",( ;+( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, '(0 .,4(/2#"L).,4(
');+( 4"(,(.2%. $")(2%, 1 (B),2( (0 4(0)$"# '( /2#"(, '( 4"(,%
/#0%4,# '( 0% (,2"+/2+"%,J ,( '(3(">
).&(')%2%&(.2( 00%&%" % 0#, /(.2"#, '(
).*#"&%/)-. 0#/%0)5%'#, (. 0#, 4#30%'#, % *).
'( ;+( (,2#, ).*#"&(. 0#, ')")$(.2(, '( 0#,
4#30%'#,J %,7/#&# /+("4# '( 3#&3("#,J
4#0)/7% 1 '(*(.,% /)6)0 '( 0% ).&).(.2(
(6%/+%/)-. '( 0#, 4#30%'#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

!/.
5

!
!

. /.- - U
.# (4#"2(, '( ./)'(.2( 1 (4#"2(
'( 2(./)-. % 0% &("$(./)%

. *-5
&

T
.

T
(

. 1

!
. 1. #

. -

('%/2%" "(4#"2( '(0 (6(.2#

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

5
!

T
.

))&+'

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

. *-5
&

. /.- - U
.# 0%&%'% (0(*-.)/% % (.2"#, '(
.*#"&%/)-.

#.)'#, '( ,)"(.% ).2("&)2(.2( %


).2("6%0#, 0%"$#,

("> (0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%. ;+)(.


4#'"> '(2("&).%" ,) 0%, /%+,%,
;+( &#2)6%"#. 0% '(/0%"%/)-. '(
(&("$(./)% <%. '(,%4%"(/)'#J

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.
. 1. #

A-

./ !/.

!
!*

.% 6(52("&).%'% 0% (&("$(./)% ,(
4"#/('("> % "('%/2%" (0 "(4#"2( '(0 (6(.2#
J

I/
1

T
(

1
I/

. -

(,2%3)0)'%' '( 0% &),&%J %'(&>, '(


'(2("&).%",( ;+( .# ,( 4"#'+5/% #2"#
*(.-&(.# ;+( 4+('% (0(6%" .+(6%&(.2( 0#,
.)6(0(, '( %$+% '(0 "(,("6#")# ,
"(/#&(.'%30( ;+( +. ).$(.)("# (,4(/)%0),2%
(. 4"(,%, ,(% ;+)(. '(2("&).( (0 (,2%'#
(,2"+/2+"%0 '( 0% 4"(,% 4"(6)# % '%" 4#"
2("&).%'% 0% (&("$(./)%

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

!/.
5

!
#

./

T
.

))&+J

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

. *-5
&

. /.- - U
.# '%.'# 4#" *).%0)5%'% 0% &),&%J
.#2)*)/>.'#0# % 0#, #"$%.),&#,
4("2).(.2(,

(4#"2(, '( ./)'(.2( 1 (4#"2(


'( 2(./)-. % 0% &("$(./)%

. 0% ,)$+)(.2( :)$+"%
8 ,( &+(,2"% (0 #"$%.)$"%&% '( "(,4+(,2% %.2( (0
(6(.2# '( '(,3#"'( # "+42+"% '( 0% 4"(,%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(
.1

1. #

1/.

! -

))&D
6U

!/.

I/

. -

#
$

%
%

&

"
$

! '

"

&

( &

! '
#

%
$ )

"

%
( &

$
%

!
&

$
$

&
$

0%3#"%/)-.? *;; ?

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

%
$ )

!
"

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.6.3.3

!
.
. 1. #

;(

.
!*

#
.. # -

;(
. /.

. - / -!

. ")$%'% 4%"%
2(.'("
&("$(./)%,

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

.% 6(5%/2)6%'# (0 0%. '( #.2).$(./)%J ,(


4"#/('("> % /#.2(.(" (0 '(""%&( '(0
<)'"#/%"3+"# /#. &%2(")%0 %3,#"3(.2( 4%"%
0+($# '(4#,)2%"0# (. "(/)4)(.2(, 4#"2>2)0(, '(
%0&%/(.%&)(.2# 2(&4#"%0

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

) (0 '(""%&( <+3)(,( /#.2%&).%'# 0%, %$+%,


'( 0% 4"(,%J ,( 4"#/('("> % 0% +3)/%/)-. '(
3%""("%, *0#2%.2(,J % *). '( (6)2%" ;+( 0%
&%./<%
'(0
<)'"#/%"3+"#
00($+(
%
/#.2%&).%" %$+%, %3%9
# '( 0% 4"(,% 1 0#,
(;+)4#, '( $(.("%/)-. (0=/2")/%
,2%, &(')'%, '(3(">. ,(" 2#&%'%, <%,2% 0%
00($%'% '( 4(",#.%0 '( (2"#(/+%'#"J
;+)(.(, '(3(">. %/2)6%" ,+ "(,4(/2)6# 40%.
'( /#.2).$(./)%
0 40%. '%"> 4")#")'%' % 0%, 2%"(%, '(
%2(./)-. %0 4(",#.%0 ;+( <+3)(,( "(,+02%'#
%*(/2%'# (. %0$+.% &%.("% 4#" (0 )./)'(.2(

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

A
'(3("> 6(")*)/%" ;+( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, '(
"(/+4("%/)-. '(0 4"#'+/2# '(""%&%'# 1 0%,

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

. /. -

T
(

( (*(/2+%"> +.% (6%0+%/)-. ">4)'% '( 0%,


/%"%/2("7,2)/%, '(0 '(""%&(J (6%0+%.'#
4")./)4%0&(.2( (0 6#0+&(.J 1 '(*).)=.'#0#
/#&# &%1#" # &(.#"

M8
8

( 4"#/('("> % .#2)*)/%" % (2"#/#&("/)%0 '(0


(6(.2#J % *). '( ;+( (,2( 4"#/('% %0 /)(""( '(
0%, 6>06+0%, '(0 ,),2(&% '( 2+3("7%, ;+(
2"%.,4#"2% (0 /#&3+,2)30(J 1 '(,'( (0 /+%0 ,(
<% 4"#'+/)'# (0 '(""%&(

*;; ?
$#,2#

.
5

!
#

.. #

T
.

))&,K
-

. *-5
+KKD

1 -!

/.- - U

.# -

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

!
.
. 1. #

;(

.
!*

#
.. # -

.
5

!
#

.. #

T
.

))&,K

. /. -

T
(

1
.

;(
. /.

. - / -!

. -

. *-5
+KKD

1 -!
/.- - U

.# -

%/2)6)'%'(, '( "(&(')%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%,


/#.2%&).%'%, 4#" 4%"2( '( (2"#(/+%'#" ,(
<%1%. (*(/2+%'# /#""(/2%&(.2(
+%.'# ,( <+3)("( /+&40)'# /#. 2#'%, 0%,
2%"(%, '( 0)&4)(5% 1 &)2)$%/)-. '( 0%, >"(%,
%*(/2%'%, 4#" (0 '(""%&( (0 )"(/2#" '(0 0%.
'( #.2).$(./)% '(/0%"%"> 0% 2("&).%/)-.
'(0 #4("%2)6# 1 '(,%/2)6%"> (0 0%.
%.2(.(" "($),2"#, ,($+"#, '( 0%,
%/2)6)'%'(, (*(/2+%'%,J %,7/#&# 0% <#"% L
*(/<% '( 0%, .#2)*)/%/)#.(, (.6)%'%, 1
"(/)3)'%,
('%/2%" "(4#"2( '(0 )./)'(.2(
0%3#"%/)-.@*;;?

;+)4#, 1

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

)"(/2#" '(0
0%.

(4#"2(, '( ./)'(.2( 1 (4#"2(


'( 2(./)-. % 0% &("$(./)%

%2(")%0(,

(/(,%")#, 4%"% (4+(,2% %

(""%&(

( "(/#&)(.'% &%.2(.(" +. ,2#/S'( 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, (;+)4#,?


%""("%, *0#2%.2(,J ;+( 4("&)2%. /#.2(.(" 0% &%./<% '(0 <)'"#/%"3+"#
(/)4)(.2(, /#.2(.('#"(, 4%"% (0 &%2(")%0 "(/#$)'#
%P#, 3,#"3(.2(,
;+)4#, '( /#&+.)/%/)-.
),4(",%.2( '( (2"-0(# M%4"#3%'# 4#"
N
XI.8.6.4

"

#.*#"&( % 0# ).')/%'# (. 0% .#"&%2)6% %&3)(.2%0 6)$(.2(J 0% #4("%'#"% '( 0%


/(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% '(3("> "(%0)5%" ,)&+0%/"#, '( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0
40%. '( /#.2).$(./)%J 4#" 0# &(.#, +.% 6(5'+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( /#.,2"+//)-. 1
%.+%0&(.2( '+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.8.6.5

&

#.*#"&( 0# ).')/%'# (. (0 "2 ! '(0 )2+0#


($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '(
(,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-.
&3)(.2%012J 0% #4("%'#"% '( 0% /(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% (,2> #30)$%'% % ).*#"&%"
/+%.'# ,( 4"(,(.2(. ,)2+%/)#.(, '( (&("$(./)%J %//)'(.2(, # )./)'(.2(, 4#"
"%5#.(, '( *+("5% &%1#" ;+( 4+('%. $(.("%" /%&3)#, ,+,2%./)%0(, '( ,+,
'(,/%"$%,J 6("2)'#, # (&),)#.(,J /#. "(*("(./)% % %;+(00%, %+2#")5%'%, 4#" 0%
(.2)'%' %&3)(.2%0 '( /#.2"#0
,7J "(4#"2%"> '( &%.("% ).&(')%2%J (. +.
40%5# .# &%1#" %
<#"%,J 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, ,)2+%/)#.(,?
%N

(/(,)'%' '( 4%"%" (. *#"&% 4%"/)%0 # 2#2%0 +. ,),2(&% '( 2"%2%&)(.2#J


4%"% +. &%.2(.)&)(.2# ;+( '+"( &>, '( 6().2)/+%2"# M N <#"%,Q
3N :%00%, (. 0#, ,),2(&%, '( 2"%2%&)(.2# '( 0%, (&),)#.(,J '(,/%"$%, #
6("2)'#, /+1% "(4%"%/)-. "(;+)("% &>, '( 6().2)/+%2"# M N <#"%,Q
/N &("$(./)%,J )./)'(.2(, # %//)'(.2(, ;+( )&40);+(. /%&3)#, ,+,2%./)%0(,
(. 0% /%0)'%'J /%.2)'%' # .)6(0 '( 0% '(,/%"$%J 6("2)'# # (&),)-.Q 1J
'N +%.'# 0%, (&),)#.(,J '(,/%"$%, # 6("2)'#, /#.2(.$%. /%.2)'%'(, #
/#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( ,+,2%./)%, /#.,)'("%'%, 4(0)$"#,%,
+%.'# /#&# /#.,(/+(./)% '(0 )./)'(.2( ,( /#.2%&).( (0 ,+(0#J 0% #4("%'#"%
'( 0% "(4"(,% '(3("> 4"(,(.2%" (0 "(4#"2( '(0 &),&# /#.*#"&( % 0# ).')/%'#
(. (0 "2
8 .(B# ? #"&% '( %0)'%' &3)(.2%0 '(0 (/+",# +(0#
)2+0#
($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1
#.2"#0 '( 0% #.2%&).%/)-. &3)(.2%0Q )3"#
( 0% %0)'%' &3)(.2%0
(B2# .)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-. (/+.'%")% '(0
).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2(
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-. ,4(/)%0
J %"5# J

12

)2+0#
($0%&(.2# % 0% (1 '( (,2)-. &3)(.2%0 4%"% 0% "(6(./)-. 1 #.2"#0 '( 0%
#.2%&).%/)-. &3)(.2%0Q )3"#
( 0% %0)'%' &3)(.2%0
(B2# .)*)/%'# '( ($),0%/)-.
(/+.'%")% '(0 ).),2(")# '(0 &3)(.2(
! J )/)(&3"( 8J
^
8
')/)-. ,4(/)%0 J %"5# J

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"%
J

- 1/.

0 4"(,(.2( "#$"%&% '( %0+' 1 ($+")'%' /#.,2)2+1( (. +. 40%. 4"(0)&).%"J


1 4"#6(("> 0#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, 3>,)/#, ;+( '(3(">. /+&40)" 0%, 4(",#.%,
"(0%/)#.%'%, /#. 0% /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
0 #39
(2)6# '(0 "#$"%&% (, $%"%.2)5%" 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ;+( %,($+"(.
0% ,($+")'%' 1 ,%0+' (. (0 2"%3%9
# 1 (0 (')# &3)(.2(
. 3%,( % 0#, 0).(%&)(.2#, %;+7'(,/")2#, ,( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# K
A J 6(")*);+( 0%, /#&4%P7%, (./%"$%'%, '( 0% /#.,2"+//)-. 1 #4("%/)-. '(0
,),2(&%J 4"#6(%. ,+ "(,4(/2)6# "#$"%&% '( ($+")'%' 1 %0+' '(*).)2)6#
"%
J%)

:)'()/#&),# K A J ,( /#&4"#&(2( % 6(")*)/%" (0 /+&40)&)(.2# '( 0%,


"($+0%/)#.(, 6)$(.2(, # '( /")2(")#, '),4#.)30(, 1 %40)/%30(, '( ,%0+' 1
,($+")'%' 0%3#"%0
,2( /#&4"#&),# ,( /#.,2)2+1( (. 0% 3%,( '(0 ,),2(&%
%'&).),2"%2)6# '( ")(,$#, 0%3#"%0(,
% 4#072)/% '( ,%0+' 1 ,($+")'%' 0%3#"%0 '(3("> )./0+)"?
#&+.)/%/)-.J (6%0+%/)-. '( 0#, %//)'(.2(, ;+( #/+"")(,(.J 1 2#&%"
0%, &(')'%, 4"(6(.2)6%, 1L# /#""(/2)6%, 4%"% ;+( % *+2+"# =,2#, .# ,(
4"(,(.2(. # ,( &).)&)/(.
,2%30(/(" 4"#$"%&%, '( (.2"(.%&)(.2# 1 /%4%/)2%/)-. (. ,($+")'%' 1
,%0+' 0%3#"%0 % 2#'#, 0#, .)6(0(, '( (&40(%'#,
,($+"%" ;+( 0#, (&40(%'#, 2(.$%. 0% #4#"2+.)'%' '( 4%"2)/)4%" (.
4"#$"%&%, # ).)/)%2)6%, '( ,%0+' 1 ,($+")'%' 0%3#"%0 ;+( 0% (&4"(,%
4"#&+(6% # ;+( 0%, %+2#")'%'(, /#&4(2(.2(, "(/#&)(.'(.
#&4"#&),# 4%"% /+&40)" /#. 0%, .#"&%2)6%, 6)$(.2(, M(9
(&40#J (0
"($0%&(.2# '( ,($+")'%' ( <)$)(.( '(0 2"%3%9
#J '(0
N
,2%, 4#072)/%, ,( (B2(.'(">. #30)$%2#")%&(.2( % 2#'%, 0%, /#&4%P7%,
4"(,2%2%")%, '( ,("6)/)#,J <%/)=.'#0%, "(,4#.,%30(, '( 4"#2($(" 0% ,%0+' 1
,($+")'%' '( ,+, "(,4(/2)6#, (&40(%'#, 1 2"%3%9
%'#"(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %J%+

0 #39
(2)6# 4")./)4%0 '(0 "#$"%&% '( %0+' 1 ($+")'%' %3#"%0 ,(">
4"#2($(" % 0#, (&40(%'#, 1 $%"%.2)5%" (0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# .#"&%0 1 0%
).2($")'%' '( 0#, 3)(.(, 1 (;+)4#, '( 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(, "(;+(")'%, (. (0
4"#1(/2#J %,7/#&# '( 0%, >"(%, '( #3"%
" %J%,

0 4"#/(,# '( /#&+.)/%/)-.J 2%.2# '( ")(,$#, /#&# '( %//)'(.2(, 4"#'+/)'#,J
(, +. 4+.2# )&4#"2%.2( '(0 4"#$"%&% '( ,($+")'%'
;+(00%, /#.')/)#.(, 0%3#"%0(, ")(,$#,%, 2%0(, /#&#? B/%6%/)-. '( 5%.9
%,J
(B40#2%/)-. '( &%2(")%0(, '( /#.,2"+//)-.J (.2"( #2"%,J '(3(. (,2%" /0%"%&(.2(
)'(.2)*)/%'%,J (. 0(.$+%9
( /#&4"(.,)30( 1 %4"#4)%'#
0 4(",#.%0 ;+( 0%3#"%
'(3( (,2%" %'6("2)'# '( 0#, ")(,$#, 1 (,2%" 4"#6),2# '( 0#, )&40(&(.2#, #
,),2(&%, .(/(,%")#, 4%"% /+&40)" ,($+"% 1 (*)/)(.2(&(.2( /#. ,+, 2%"(%,
,7 &),&#J (0 /#.,2"+/2#" 1 (0 #4("%'#" '(3(">. &%.2(.(" "($),2"#,
%4"#4)%'#, '( 0#, %//)'(.2(, 1 (.*("&('%'(, 0%3#"%0(,J /#.')/)#.(,
%&3)(.2%0(, (. 0#, ,)2)#, '( 2"%3%9
#J 1 /+%0;+)(" 2)4# '( /#.2).$(./)%,
&%1#"(, M'(,0)5%&)(.2#,J )./(.')#,J (.2"( #2"#,N
" %J%0

#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, '(3(">. "(/)3)" (.2"(.%&)(.2# %4"#4)%'#J '( %/+("'# % 0%
.%2+"%0(5% '( ,+, 2%"(%, 1 0#, ")(,$#, (. (0 %&3)(.2( 0%3#"%0 %0 ;+( 4+('%.
(,2%" (B4+(,2#,
(&%, (,4(/)%0(, '( (.2"(.%&)(.2# 1 /%4%/)2%/)-. ,#. 0#,
,)$+)(.2(,?
"(6(./)-. '( %//)'(.2(,
">/2)/%, %'(/+%'%, '( 2"%3%9
# /#. &>;+).%, <(""%&)(.2%,J (,/%0("%,J
&#.2%/%"$%,J (0(6%'#"(,J $%,(, /#&4")&)'#,J ,#0'%'+"%J <(""%&)(.2%,
&%.+%0(,J (.2"( #2"#,
"%3%9
#, (. (,4%/)#, /#.*).%'#, # '( %//(,# (,4(/)%0
'( 5%.9
%, 4%"% /%.%0 '( 2"%,6%,(

(9? (B/%6%/)-.

($+")'%' (0=/2")/%? "($0%&(.2%" 0#, 2"%3%9


#, (. 0% ,+3(,2%/)-.
(0=/2")/%J (0 +,# '( (B2(.,)#.(, (0=/2")/%,J 4"#/(')&)(.2#, '(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%'6("2(./)% 1 '( ,($+")'%' (. 0% '(,/#.(B)-. 1 "(/#.(B)-. '( (;+)4#


(0=/2")/# # '( 4"#/(,# M(9
(&40#J 2")2+"%'#"%, '( 4)('"%N
,# '( (;+)4#, '( 4"#2(//)-. 4(",#.%0 "(,4)"%'#"(,J 2%4#.(, '(
#7'#,J #"(9
("%,J (;+)4#, '( "(,4)"%/)-. %"2)*)/)%0J 2"%9
(,J $+%.2(,J $%*%,J
3#2%, '( ,($+")'%'J (2/
=/.)/%, '( 4")&("#, %+B)0)#,? "(,4)"%/)-.J ;+(&%'+"%,J 0%6%'#"(, '(
#9
#,J ,<#/S(0=/2")/#J %<#$%&)(.2#J ,#*#/%/)-.J (.2"( #2"#,
.*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( ")(,$#, ).<("(.2(, # 4#2(./)%0(, (. (0 &%.(9
# '(
&%2(")%0(, /#.,)'("%'#, 4(0)$"#,#, (, '(/)"J ;+( ,(%. >/)'#,J
"(%/2)6#,J /#""#,)6#,J ).*0%&%30(,J 2-B)/#,J "%')#%/2)6#,
,+%0&(.2(
(,2% ).*#"&%/)-. '(3( ,+&).),2"%"0% (0 4"#6(('#" '( 0#, &%2(")%0(, /#.
0%, '(.#&).%'%, A#9
%, '( %2#, '( ($+")'%' '(0 %2(")%0 M
N
"#/(')&)(.2#, '( %"/<)6# 1 %/2+%0)5%/)-. '( 0% ).*#"&%/)-. (. 0%,

"#/(')&)(.2#, '( %//)-. %.2( (&("$(./)%, 1 +,# '( (;+)4#,


'),(P%'#, 4%"% /#.2).$(./)%,? (B2).$+)'#"(, '( *+($#J 4#" (9
(&40#
" %J%4

( "(/#&)(.'% ;+( (0 :)'()/#&),# K A ,#0)/)2( % 2#'#, ,+, /#.2"%2),2%, 0%


)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. 4"#$"%&% '( ,($+")'%' $(.("%0J 1 ;+( )./0+1% 0#,
,)$+)(.2(, %,4(/2#, 4")./)4%0(,?
#072)/%, 1 .#"&%, %&3)(.2%0(, '( ,($+")'%' '( 0% /#&4%P7%
(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, '( 0#, 2"%3%9
%'#"(, /#. "(,4(/2# % ,+, )&40(&(.2#,
'( 2"%3%9
#
(0)$"#, (,4(/7*)/#, '(0 2"%3%9
#
"(/%+/)#.(, '( ,($+")'%'
(,4#.,%3)0)'%'(, '(0 2"%3%9
#
(;+(")&)(.2#, "($0%&(.2%")#,
#072)/%, '( #3,("6%./)% % 0% .#"&%2)6% '( 0% /#&4%P7%
,2#, "(;+(")&)(.2#, ,(">. )./0+)'#, /#&# 4%"2( '( 0#, "(,4(/2)6#, /#.2"%2#,
% ,+,/")3)",(
#, /#.2"%2),2%, '(3(">. .#2)*)/%" ).&(')%2%&(.2( %0
:)'()/#&),# K A 0#, )./)'(.2(, '( ,($+")'%' 1 /#&40(2%" +. ).*#"&( '(

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%//)'(.2(, 0# %.2(, 4#,)30(


0 #.,#"/)# 2"%3%9
%"> /#. 0#, /#.2"%2),2%, 4%"%
/"(%" +. ,),2(&% '( ).*#"&(, 4%"% 0# ,)$+)(.2(?
+("2(,
A(")'%, # (.*("&('%'(, #/+4%/)#.%0(,
A(")'%, ;+( 4+('%. ,(" 2"%2%'%, (. (0 ,)2)# M%1+'% &=')/%N
="')'% '( 4"#4)('%' M*+($#J (B40#,)-.J '(""%&(,J %//)'(.2(,
6(<)/+0%"(,N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %)K

% ).*#"&%/)-. $(.("%'% (0 4"(,(.2( (,2+')# ,( ')*+.')"> &(')%.2( 0%


)&40(&(.2%/)-. '( +. 4"#$"%&% '( /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0
% /#&4"(.,)-. '( 0%, "(0%/)#.(, (.2"( (0 <#&3"(J (0 &(')# .%2+"%0 1 ,+ +,#
"%/)#.%0J ,( 0#$"%"> &(')%.2( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 4"#$"%&%, ('+/%2)6#,
')")$)'#, % 0#, ')*("(.2(, %/2#"(, 4"(,(.2(, (. (0 4"#1(/2# 1 (. 0% 5#.%
.2( +. (.2#".# 3)#0-$)/%&(.2( ')6(",# 1 *">$)0J (0 '(,%""#00# '( 6%")%,
%//)#.(,J "(;+)("( ;+( 0% 4#30%/)-. ).6#0+/"%'% 2(.$% 0#, /#.#/)&)(.2#,
3>,)/#, 4%"% 4"#2($(" (0 %&3)(.2( 1 &%.2(.(" +.% /%0)'%' '( 6)'% %/(42%30(
(. *#"&% /#.2).+%
%"% 0#$"%" (,2( *).J (0 40%. /#.,2)2+1( +. &%"/# 4%"% 0% 40%.)*)/%/)-. '(
%//)#.(, ;+( '(3(">. )&40(&(.2%",( 1 0% %40)/%/)-. '( 2=/.)/%, (. &%2(")%
('+/%2)6% 4%"% ')*("(.2(, 4%2"#.(, /+02+"%0(,
% /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 (,2% (./+%'"%'% (. "(/#.#/(" 6%0#"(, 1 %/0%"%"
/#./(42#, /#. (0 #39
(2# '( *#&(.2%" 0%, %42)2+'(, 1 %/2)2+'(, .(/(,%")%, 4%"%
/#&4"(.'(" 1 %4"(/)%" 0%, ).2(""(0%/)#.(, (.2"( (0 <#&3"(J ,+ /+02+"% 1 ,+
%&3)(.2(
% /%4%/)2%/)-. %&3)(.2%0 /#&4"(.'( 2%&3)=. 0% 4">/2)/% (. 0% 2#&% '(
'(/),)#.(, 1 (. 0% 4"#4)% (0%3#"%/)-. '( 4%2"#.(, '( /#&4#"2%&)(.2#J /#.
"(,4(/2# % 0% "(0%/)-. /#. 0% ).2($")'%' '(0 %&3)(.2(
" %)K%
)

:#&(.2%" %/2)2+'(, ;+( 4"#6#;+(. +. /%&3)# (. 0%, 2"%')/)#.%0(,


"(0%/)#.(, <#&3"( .%2+"%0(5%J ;+( 4("&)2%. (,2%30(/(" (0 4+.2# '(
(;+)0)3")# (.2"( 4"#'+//)-. 1 (/#,),2(&%
.'+/)" % 2#'# (0 4(",#.%0 ;+( 0%3#"% (. (0
"(,4(2# 4#" 0% .%2+"%0(5% 1 (0 (.2#".#

"#1(/2#J %0 /+)'%'# 1

"(%" +. /")2(")# '( /#&4%2)3)0)'%' (.2"( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, <+&%.%,J 0%


/#.,("6%/)-. '(0 &(')# 1 0%, *#"&%, '( /#.,2"+//)-. '( 4"#1(/2#,
<)'"#(0=/2")/#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %)K%
+

%, %/2)6)'%'(, % )&40(&(.2%",( 4%"% 0#$"%" 0% 4"#4%$%/)-. '( "(,+02%'#, (


).*#"&%/)-. #32(.)'% '( 0#, (,2+')#, (*(/2+%'#,J ,#. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(,?
"(%/)-. '( +.% #*)/).% '( ).*#"&%/)-. 1 "(0%/)#.(, 4O30)/%,
0%3#"%/)-. '( "(/+",#, ')'>/2)/#, '( %4#1# M%*)/<(,J *#00(2#,J
%+')#6),+%0(, 1 6)'(#,N
%4%/)2%/)-. 2(-")/# 4">/2)/% '( *+./)#.%")#,J 2"%3%9
%'#"(,
,+3/#.2"%2),2%, % 2"%6=, '(0 ,),2(&% '( 2%00("(, 1 #2"#,
" %)K%,

#./(42#, 3>,)/#,? (/#,),2(&%,J <>3)2%2,J &)/"#<>3)2%2,J .)/<#,J


"(0%/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(,J (,4(/)(,J /#&+.)'%'(,J /#.2%&).%/)-.
(,%""#00# '( '(,2"(5%,? "(/#.#/(" 1 '(*).)" 0#, 4"#30(&%,J /#0(/2%" 1
%.%0)5%" ).*#"&%/)-.J $(.("%" ,#0+/)#.(,J '(,%""#00%" +. 40%. (
)&40(&(.2%"0#
(,%""#00# '( 6%0#"(,? =2)/% %&3)(.2%0J /#&4"#&),# ).')6)'+%0 1
/#&+.)2%")#
0 =.*%,), %&3)(.2%0? '(,%""#00# '( %,4(/2#, %*(/2)6#,J /#$.#,/)2)6#,
9
+.2# /#. (0 '(,%""#00# '( '(,2"(5%, 1 /#&4#"2%&)(.2#Q /#&4%"%" (0
%&3)(.2( 0#/%0 /#. #2"%, "(%0)'%'(,J (.,(P%" % 6%0#"%" ,+ %&3)(.2(
#,2"%" 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, '( 0% )&40%.2%/)-. 1 (9
(/+/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
" %)K%
0

/
(",#.%0 '( /%&4# 1 #*)/).% '(0 #.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0
(",#.%0 '( 0%, (&4"(,%, ,+3/#.2"%2),2%,
(",#.%0 /#.2"%2%'# M&%.# '( #3"%N
(4"(,(.2%.2(, ,#/)%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %)K%
4
0 4"#$"%&% (,2%"> ')")$)'# 4%"% 2#'# (0 4(",#.%0 '( 40%.2%J *),/%0)5%/)-.J
/#.2"%2),2%, 1 ,+3/#.2"%2),2%, ;+( 4("&%.(5/%. 1 /#.6)6%. (. 0% 5#.% '(
).*0+(./)% '(0 4"#1(/2#
, )&4#"2%.2( &(./)#.%" ;+( (,2( 2)4# '( +,+%")#, (,2> 3%,2%.2( ).6#0+/"%'#
(. 0% 2#&% '( '(/),)#.(, 1 %//)#.(, "(0%/)#.%'%, /#. (0 %&3)(.2(
,2( 4(",#.%0 '(3( (,2%" &#2)6%'# 4%"% 0% /#0%3#"%/)-. (. 0% (9
(/+/)-. '(
2%"(%, ;+( 4("&)2%. +. /#.2"#0 %'(/+%'# '(0 (.2#".# .%2+"%0 1
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%' (. 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( 0%, %//)#.(, '( /#.2).$(./)% %, %//)#.(,
$(.("%0(, 4"#4+(,2%, ,#.?
(*).)" 0#, 2(&%, '( %/+("'# % 0%, %//)#.(, '( /%&4#
,2"+/2+"%" (0 /)/0# '( /#.*("(./)%,
,2%30(/(" 0#, /7"/+0#, '( %+')(./)%J '( %/+("'# %0 .)6(0 '( ).,2"+//)-.
"#'+//)-. '( &%2(")%0 ).*#"&%2)6#
"%
)K%D

%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 40%. 1 *#"&+0%/)-. '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, (,4(/7*)/#,


;+(J '( %/+("'# %0 2)4# '( +,+%")# '(3("> )&40(&(.2%",(J ,( "(;+)("( '( '#,
2)4#, '( ).,+&#,?
(",#.%0 40%.)*)/%'#" 1 (9
(/+2#"? ,("> (0 .(/(,%")# 4%"% /#.,2)2+)" (0
(;+)4# 2=/.)/# ;+( '),(P%"> 1 *#"&+0%"> 0#, /#.2(.)'#, ')'>/2)/#,J
/%4%/)2%/)-. (,4(/7*)/% 1 (9
(/+/)-. '( 0#, 4"#1(/2#,
%2(")%0(, 1 (;+)4#,? ,( "(*)("( % 2#'# &%2(")%0 .(/(,%")# '( %/+("'# %
0#, /#.2(.)'#, 1 4"#1(/2#, ;+( *%/)0)2( 0% /#&4"(.,)-. '( 0#, &),&#,J
%,7 /#&# (;+)4#, '( %1+'% %+')#6),+%0 /#&# *%/)0)2%'#"(, 4%"% 0%
('+/%/)-.

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %))

. 1. #

" %))%
)

#/

! .

"(%" (0 &%"/# ;+( (,2%30(5/% 0#, &(/%.),&#, '( "(0%/)-. 1 /#&+.)/%/)-.


%4"#4)%'% /#. 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 1L# #"$%.)5%/)#.(, )'(.2)*)/%'%, '(.2"# '(0
>"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2% ( ).')"(/2% '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
0
40%. # 4"#$"%&% '( "(0%/)#.(, /#&+.)2%")%, 4("&)2)"> ).*#"&%" % 0%
/#&+.)'%' 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, 1 ")(,$#, ;+( "(4"(,(.2% 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%
4%"% ,+ (.2#".#
" %))%+

#$"%" (0 "(/#.#/)&)(.2# 4#" 4%"2( '( 0% /#&+.)'%' 1 4#" 0#, 4")./)4%0(,


%/2#"(, ,#/)%0(, ).6#0+/"%'#,J '(0 :)'()/#&),# K A 1L# (0 4"#&#2#" '(0
4"#1(/2# /#&# +.% (&4"(,% ,#/)%0&(.2( "(,4#.,%30(
)*+.')" 1 4"#&#/)#.%" 0% )&4#"2%./)% ;+( 4%"% 0% /#&+.)'%'J 0% "($)-.
1 (0 4%7, 4#,(( 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
1
0#, )&4%/2#, '( 7.'#0( (/#.-&)/% ;+( ,+ *+./)#.%&)(.2# 2"%( /#.,)$#
%.2(.(" ).*#"&%'% % 0% 4#30%/)-. ,#3"( (0 '(,%""#00# ,+, %/2)6)'%'(,
#2)6%" 0% )./#"4#"%/)-. '( 0% 4#30%/)-. 1 ,+, ).,2)2+/)#.(, %0
,($+)&)(.2# '(0 40%. '( &%.(9
# '( 0#, )&4%/2#, ,#/)# K %&3)(.2%0(, '(
,+, #4("%/)#.(,
#$"%" % 2"%6=, '( 0% /#./("2%/)-. /#. 0#, 4#30%'#"(, 0#/%0(,J +.%
%'(/+%'% %"2)/+0%/)-. 4%"% )'(.2)*)/%" %//)#.(, % "(%0)5%" 4%"% &)2)$%" #
/#&4(.,%" 0#, )&4%/2#, ;+( ,+, %/2)6)'%'(, 4+')(,(. 4"#'+/)" (. (0
(.2#".#
" %))%,

%, 4#072)/%, $(.("%0(, %4+.2%. % (,2%30(/(" "(0%/)#.(, % /#"2#J &(')%.# 1


0%"$# 40%5# '( 3(.(*)/)# &+2+# (.2"( (0 :)'()/#&),# K A J 1 0%,
4#30%/)#.(, '(0 >"(% '( ).*0+(./)%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,2( 0%. '(3("> ,(" %40)/%'# (. 3%,( % +.% &(2#'#0#$7% 4%"2)/)4%2)6%J 4#"
&(')# '( 0% /+%0 ,( $(.("(. (,4%/)#, '( ')>0#$# 4("&%.(.2(J (. (0 ;+( ,(
3+,;+( (.2"($%" ).*#"&%/)-. % 0% /#&+.)'%' ,#3"( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, ;+(
(*(/2O% (0
#.,#"/)#J (. 3(.(*)/)# '( 0% /#0(/2)6)'%'
,2# )./0+1( 0#,
&(/%.),&#, 4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, '( &%.(9
# '(
)&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#, 1 '(&>, &(')'%, '( &%.(9
# %&3)(.2%0
% /#&+.)/%/)-. ,("> +. ).,2"+&(.2# '( 4"#&#/)-. '(0 :)'()/#&),# K
A J 1 '( ')*+,)-. '( ,+, %/2)6)'%'(, ,2% '(3("> 2(.(" /#3("2+"% 0#/%0
M>"(% '( ).*0+(./)% ')"(/2% ( ).')"(/2%N (. *#"&% '( .#2)/)%, % 2"%6=, '(
4"(.,% (,/")2% 1 "%')#,
% *%02% '( ).*#"&%/)-. /0%"% 1 #4#"2+.% % 0%,
/#&+.)'%'(, 4+('( 00(6%" % ;+( ,( *#"&(. (B4(/2%2)6%, )""(%0(, (. 2#".# %
0%, %/2)6)'%'(, (&4"(,%")%0(,J 0# /+%0 2)(.( (0 4#2(./)%0 '( /#.6("2)",( (.
*+(.2( '( /#.*0)/2# %0 /#.6("2)" % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, (. 4"(,% *>/)0 '(
#4#"2+.),2%, 1 &%.)4+0%'#"(, (. 3(.(*)/)# '( ,+, ).2("(,(,
&4"(.'(" /%&4%P%, '( ('+/%/)-. 4%"% ;+( 0% 4#30%/)-. "(,)'(.2(
%4"(.'% % /#.6)6)" /#. (0 4"#1(/2#J 4"(6).)(.'# ")(,$# 1 %4"#6(/<%.'#
0%, #4#"2+.)'%'(, ;+( ,( $(.("%. /#. (0 *+./)#.%&)(.2# '( 0%,
).,2%0%/)#.(,
%, %/2)6)'%'(, (&4"(.')'%, (. (0 /#.2(B2# '( (,2( 40%. '(3(">.
&%.2(.(" +. (.*#;+( ).2($"%0J %'(&>, '( "(,4(2%"J "(/#.#/(" 1 %/#$(" 0#,
(,2)0#, 4"#4)#, '( '(,%""#00# '( 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, %*(/2%'%,J ,+, 4%2"#.(,
)'(#0-$)/#, 1 /+02+"%0(,J %,7/#&# ,+, (,2"%2($)%, '( %'%42%/)-. %0 (.2#".#
0 0%. '(3("> ,(" '),(P%'#J (9
(/+2%'# 1 (6%0+%'# /#. 0% 4%"2)/)4%/)-. '(
0%, %+2#")'%'(, /#&4(2(.2(,J 0%, 0#/%0(, 1 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, ).6#0+/"%'%,
1L# %*(/2%'%,
" %))%
0

%, 07.(%, '( %//)-. 4"#4+(,2%, 4%"% (0 4"(,(.2( 40%. ,( (.&%"/%. (. 0%


')*+,)-. '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, 4"(6),2%, /#&# 4%"2( '( 0#, 4"#$"%&%, '( &%.(9
#
'( )&4%/2#, ,#/)#(/#.-&)/#,J %,7/#&# 2#'%, %;+(00%, ).)/)%2)6%, % *%6#" '(
'%" % /#.#/(" 0%, &(')'%, 1 4"#$"%&%, (&4"(.')'#, 4%"% 0% &)2)$%/)-. '(
0#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %)+

" %)+%)

.% '( 0%, /#.,)'("%/)#.(, 3>,)/%, '( +.% "(4"(,%J %0 )$+%0 ;+( /+%0;+)(" #2"%
(,2"+/2+"%J (, (0 <(/<# '( ;+( .# ,#. (0(&(.2#, ).*).)2#,J 1 (,2>. '),(P%'#,
4%"% +. 2)(&4# '( 6)'% O2)0 ($O. 0% #&),)-. +.')%0 '( (4"(,%, M
NJ
(,2% /#.,)'("%/)-. (,2> )&4+0,%.'# (0 /")2(")# '( ;+( (0 %3%.'#.# '( 0%,
"(4"(,%,J )./0+1(.'# ,+ 2#2%0 '(,&%.2(0%&)(.2#J ,( /#.6)("2% (. +.% '( 0%,
*%,(, .#"&%0(, '( (,2%, (,2"+/2+"%, (. (0 *+2+"#J 1 0#, (,2+')#, "(*("(.2(, %
(,2( %3%.'#.#J '(3%. "(%0)5%",( 9
+.2# /#. 0#, ')*("(.2(, (,2+')#, '(.2"# '(0
'),(P# '(0 4"#1(/2#
. 0% %/2+%0)'%' 0#, /#,2#, "(0%/)#.%'#, %0 %3%.'#.# '( +.% "(4"(,% .#
,+(0(. ,(" /#.,)'("%'#, /#&# 4%"2( '(0 /#,2# '(0 /)/0# '( 6)'% '( 0% &),&%J #
)./0+)'#, (. 0% 4(",4(/2)6% $0#3%0 '( 0%, "(0%/)#.(, /#,2# 3(.(*)/)# (. (0
&#&(.2# '( 0% 2#&% '( '(/),)#.(, %/("/% '( 0% *%/2)3)0)'%' '( +. .+(6#
4"#1(/2# <)'"#(0=/2")/# ;+( )./0+1% +.% $"%. "(4"(,% M 4("%/)-.J #.)2#"(#
1 3%.'#.# '( (4"(,%, K
J
N
#" #2"# 0%'#J (0 2)(&4# '( 6)'% O2)0 '( +.% $"%. "(4"(,%J /#&# (, (0 /%,# '(
0% "(,% %3%J '(4(.'("> '( 0% #4("%/)-. 1 &%.2(.)&)(.2# % 0% ;+( ,(%
,#&(2)'% ($O. %.>0),), '( 0%
J &+/<%, '( 0%, 4"(,%, (B),2(.2(, 4#'"7%.
,(" #4("%'%, '( &%.("%, &>, (*)/)(.2(,J 1 0%, /)"/+.,2%./)%, 3%9
# 0%, /+%0(,
#4("%. (,2>. /#.,2%.2(&(.2( ,#&(2)'%, % &#')*)/%/)#.(,
B),2(. 6%")#, *%/2#"(, ;+( 4#'"7%. &#2)6%" % &#')*)/%" 0% #4("%/)-. '( +.%
"(4"(,%J #")(.2>.'#0% % )./"(&(.2%" ,+, 3(.(*)/)#, (. (0 &(.#" 2)(&4#
4#,)30( .2"( (,2#, *%/2#"(, ,( &(./)#.%. &(/%.),&#, "($+0%2#")#,J 4"(,)-.
4O30)/%J 1 '(&%.'%, '( (.("$7%
,2%, &#')*)/%/)#.(, 4#'"7%. "('+/)" (0
2)(&4# '( 6)'% O2)0 '(0 4"#1(/2#J &>, %O. ,) ,( 2#&% (. /#.,)'("%/)-. ;+( 0#,
3(.(*)/)#, '( (,2#, 4"#1(/2#, +,+%0&(.2( <%. ,)'# (,2)&%'#, 3%9
#
/#.')/)#.(, %,+&)'%,J 1 3%9
# ).*#"&%/)-. '),4#.)30( (. (0 &#&(.2# '( ,+
'),(P#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

" %)+%
+
% (2%4% '( %3%.'#.# '( 0% /(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% 1 4"(,% %3% /#&4"(.'(">
(0 /(,( '( 0%, #4("%/)#.(, '( 0% /(.2"%0 M$(.("%/)-. '( (.("$7%N 0 /(,( '( 0%,
#4("%/)#.(, 4#'"> )./0+)" 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, M'(,&#.2%9
( '( 0%,
).,2%0%/)#.(, &(/>.)/%, 1 (0=/2")/%,NJ (0 6%/)%'# 1 0)&4)(5% '(0 (&3%0,( # 0%
+2)0)5%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( /#. *).(, "(/"(%2)6#, M&%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0% 4"(,%N
)6(",%, /%+,%, 1 *%/2#"(, % 0# 0%"$# '(0 4(")#'# '( 6)'% '( 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,
'(2("&).%">. +. %3%.'#.# 4"(&%2+"#J 4%"/)%0 # 2#2%0 '( 0% 4"(,% 1 /(.2"%0
'(&>, *%/2#"(, 2=/.)/#, /#&# '%P#, '( 0%, 2+"3).%,J ,(')&(.2%/)-. '(0
(&3%0,(J # *"%/2+"%, (. (0 /+("4# '( 0% 4"(,%Q 1 *%/2#"(, %&3)(.2%0(, /#&#
(+2"#*)5%/)-. '(0 %$+% '(0 (&3%0,(J # %,#06%&)(.2# '(0 &),&#J (.2"( #2"#,J
4#'"7%. )./)')" (. (0 3(.(*)/)# (/#.-&)/# ;+( "(4#"2% 0% /(.2"%0J (. (,4(/)%0 ,)
(,2#, .# <%. ,)'# /#.,)'("%'#, %4"#4)%'%&(.2(
($O. (B4(")(./)%,
).2(".%/)#.%0(,J % &(')'% ;+( 4%,% (0 2)(&4# 1 +.% 4"(,% %0/%.5% 0%
/+0&).%/)-. '( ,+ 6)'% O2)0J =,2% ,( 2#".% &(.#, (*)/)(.2(J 1 0#, /#,2#, '( ,+
&%.2(.)&)(.2# ,( )./"(&(.2%.
. 0% %/2+%0)'%' .# ,( /#.#/( (0 2)4# '( %3%.'#.# ;+( ,( 4"(6= 4%"% 0% 4"(,%
%3%J ,). (&3%"$# &>, %00> '( '(*).)" (0 2)4# '( %3%.'#.# % (9
(/+2%",( (,
)&4#"2%.2( ;+( 2#'%, 0%, /#.,)'("%/)#.(, 1 &(')'%, ;+( '(3(. ,(" 2#&%'%,
(. (,2% (2%4% ,(%. %'(/+%'%&(.2( 40%.(%'%, /#. %.2)/)4%/)-. 1 '(,%""#00%'%,
#/%,)#.%.'# &7.)&#, )&4%/2#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)%0(,
% (2%4% '( %3%.'#.# 4+('( /#)./)')" /#. (0 4(")#'# '( '),(P# '( 0%,
).,2%0%/)#.(, # 4+('( (9
(/+2%",( 4#,2(")#"&(.2( ,) 0#, (,2+')#, 2=/.)/#J
(/#.-&)/#J ,#/)%0 1 %&3)(.2%0 0# /#.,)'("%. *%/2)30(
/#.2).+%/)-. ,( 4"(,(.2% 0#, /#&4#.(.2(, 4")./)4%0(, ;+( '(3(">. ,("
/#.,)'("%'#, (. 0% (2%4% '( %3%.'#.# '( 0% /(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% 1 4"(,%
%3%
" %)+%
,

0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '( %3%.'#.# 2)(.( /#&# #39


(2)6#?
"#6((" +.%
2
"(,4(/2# %0
4"#/(')&)(.2# % ,($+)" 4%"% '(/)')" (0 2)4# '( %3%.'#.# '(0 "#1(/2#
+02)4"#4-,)2#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

,($+"%" ;+( 0% (2%4% '( %3%.'#.# '(0 "#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#


,(% %'(/+%'%&(.2(
B
7
4%"% ;+( .# ).'+5/%
)&4%/2#, .($%2)6#, %0 &(')# %&3)(.2( 1 0% /#&+.)'%'
"#6((" 0%, 4%+2%,
'(*).)2)6# . (0
/%,# '( ;+( (0 %3%.'#.# /#&4"(.'% 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%J (0 40%. '(
%3%.'#.# '(3("> *%/)0)2%" 0% "()./#"4#"%/)-. '( 0%, 2)(""%, (&40(%'%, 4#"
(0 4"#1(/2# 1 0% "(/+4("%/)-. 4"#'+/2)6% '(0 >"(%J '(.2"# '(0 &%"/# '(
'(,%""#00# %/2+%0 # *+2+"# '(0 ,(/2#"
" %)+%0
0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '(3("> ,(" /#.,)'("%'# /#&# 4"(0)&).%" 1% ;+( .# '(,/")3(
(. '(2%00( 0#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" (9
(/+2%'#, 4%"% (0 2)4# '(
%3%.'#.# ,(0(//)#.%'#
#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, '(2%00%'#, ,(">. (0%3#"%'#,
'+"%.2( 0% *%,( '( #4("%/)-. '( 0% /(.2"%0 /("/% '(0 *).%0 '(0 4(")#'# '( 6)'%
O2)0 '( 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(,
,2( 40%. )./0+1( +.%
3
4")./)4%0(, ;+( /#&4"(.'( (0
'( +.% 4"(,% 1 ;+(
'(3(">. *#"&%" 4%"2( '(0 I 0%. '( 3%.'#.# (*).)2)6#G ( 4"(,(.2%
%'(&>, ).*#"&%/)-. ,#3"( 0#, %"$+&(.2#, 4%"% (0 %3%.'#.# '( +.% 4"(,% 1
0%, 4")./)4%0(, /#.,)'("%/)#.(, % ,(" /#.,)'("%'%, '+"%.2( +. %3%.'#.# '(
+.% 4"(,% ;+( )./0+1( 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%,
" %)+%4

0 2)4# '( %3%.'#.# '(0 "#1(/2#


+02)4"#4-,)2#
J ,("> '(*).)'#
4#,2(")#" % 0% (9
(/+/)-. '( +.% ,(")( '( (,2+')#, ;+( (6%0O(. 0%, /#.')/)#.(,
(. ;+( ,( (./+(.2"(. 0%, ).,2%0%/)#.(, ,2#, (,2+')#, ,(">. /#&40(&(.2%'#,
/#. 0#, "($),2"#, ( ).*#"&%/)-. 0(6%.2%'% % 0# 0%"$# '( 0% 6)'% O2)0 '( 0%
/(.2"%0 1 (&3%0,( .2"( 0%, #4/)#.(, % 2#&%",( (. 0% *%,( '( %3%.'#.# (,2>.
0% "(4%"%/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%J 0% "(4%"%/)-. # &#')*)/%/)-. 1 0% "(&#/)-. 2#2%0 '(
0% 4"(,% 1 /(.2"%0
(4%"%/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%
% "(4%"%/)-. )&40)/% ;+( % 4(,%" '( <%3(",( 00($%'# %0 *).%0 '( 0% 6)'% O2)0 '(
0% ).,2%0%/)-.J =,2% ,( &%.2(.'"> #4("%.'# %"% (,2# ,("> .(/(,%")# "(%0)5%"
).6(",)#.(, %')/)#.%0(, ;+( 4("&)2%. /#.2).+%" /#. 0% #4("%/)-. ,).
/#&4"#&(2(" 0% ).2($")'%' *7,)/% '( 0% (,2"+/2+"% 1 3(.(*)/)#, (/#.-&)/#,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

3%.'#.# ,). "(&#/)-. '( (,2"+/2+"%,


0 %3%.'#.# '( 0% 4"(,% ,). 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, )&40)/%"7% ;+( 0%
/(.2"%0 1% .# #4("% 1 (0 (&3%0,( ,( &%.2)(.( 00(.# '( %$+%
%, ,)2+%/)#.(,
(. ;+( 0%, 4"(,%, <%. ,)'# %3%.'#.%'%, '(9
%.'# ).2%/2%, ,+, (,2"+/2+"%, ,(
'%. /+%.'# ,( '(2("&).% ;+( 0% "(&#/)-. '( (,2%, 4"(,%, .# 3(.(*)/)%">.
%&3)(.2%0&(.2( % 0#, "7#,J 4+')(.'# (,2% "(&#/)-. #/%,)#.%" +. )&4%/2#
&%1#" % (,2#, /+("4#, <7'")/#, M:+.'%/)-. %.%')(.,( #..("J
N
3%.'#.# K (&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%
0 %3%.'#.# /#. "(&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,% )&40)/% ;+( 0% /(.2"%0 (, '(,&%.2(0%'%
1 0% 4"(,% 2%&3)=.J 4("&)2)(.'# (0 6%/)%'# '(0 (&3%0,( 1 "(2#".# % 0%,
/#.')/)#.(, '( *0+9
# '(0 "7# % "(&#/)-. # (0 2#2%0 '(,&%.2(0%&)(.2# '( +.%
"(4"(,% (, /#.,)'("%'% 0% #4/)-. &>, (B2"(&% (. 0# "(0%/)#.%'# %0 %3%.'#.#
'( (,2( 2)4# '( 4"#1(/2#, ( (.2(.'("> ;+( (0 4")./)4%0 #39
(2)6# %0 "(%0)5%"
')/<% %/2)6)'%'J (, 0% /#&40(2% "(,2%+"%/)-. '(0 *0+9
# .%2+"%0 '(0 "7#J
)./0+1(.'# 0#, /%+'%0(, 4)/#, 1 0%, /"(/)'%, (,2%/)#.%")%,
'(&>,J ,(
4("&)2)"> (0 .#"&%0 4%,# '( 0#, 4(/(, 1 0% 2"%.,4#"2%/)-. '( $"%6%,J
,(')&(.2#, 1 &%2(")% #"$>.)/% <%/)% %$+%, %3%9
#J 0#, &),&#, ;+( %/2O%.
/#&# %$(.2(, *("2)0)5%.2(, .%2+"%0(,
(/)(.2(&(.2( (0 %3%.'#.# "(&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,% (,2% ,)(.'# /#.,)'("%'#
/#&# +.% #4/)-. 4%"% ,(" %.%0)5%'% '(.2"# '( 0%, #4/)#.(, '( "('),(P#J
"((&40%5#J "(4%"%/)-.J (2/J % 0%, ;+( ,( 4+('( ,#&(2(" +.% 4"(,%
. 0% %/2+%0)'%' .# (B),2( &+/<% (B4(")(./)% 1 0)2("%2+"% ,#3"( 0#,
0).(%&)(.2#, % ,($+)" (. 0% *%,( '( %3%.'#.#J '(3)'# % 0% 4#/% (B4(")(./)%
4">/2)/% ( ).6(,2)$%/)-. (. (0 2(&%J (. (,4(/)%0 (. (0 /%,# '( 0% "(&#/)-. '(
0%, 4"(,%,
" %)+%D

( %/+("'# %0 (.2"# A().5 4%"% 0% /)(./)%J (/#.#&7% 1 &(')# %&3)(.2(J 0%


2#&% '( +.% '(/),)-. "(,4(/2# % &%.2(.(" # "(&#6(" +.% 4"(,% '(3(">
/#.,)'("%" %,+.2#, %'&).),2"%2)6#,J 4#072)/#,J ,#/)%0(, 1 %&3)(.2%0(, /#&#
2%&3)=. *%/2#"(, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. %.>0),), (/#.-&)/#, 0 4"#/(,# /#&)(.5%
/#. 0% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0%, &(2%, 1 #39
(2)6#,
#. (,2#, ,( 4"#6(( (0 &%"/#
'(.2"# '(0 /+%0 0%, "(/#&(.'%/)#.(, 4%"% 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,% ,(">.
(6%0+%'%,
0 4"#/(')&)(.2# 4("&)2)"> % 0#, 2#&%'#"(, '( '(/),)#.(,
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

/#&4%"%" 0#, "(,+02%'#, (/#0-$)/#,J (/#.-&)/#, 1 ,#/)%0(, '( &%.2(.(" 0%


4"(,% # "(&#6(" 0% (,2"+/2+"% ) ,( 2#&% 0% '(/),)-. '( "(&#6(" 0% (,2"+/2+"%J
(0 4"#/(,# 4"#6(("> +.% 3%,( 4%"% +. &#.)2#"(# /#.2).+# 1 /#""(//)#.(, '(
&%.(9
# 4%"% %,($+"%" ;+( 0#, #39
(2)6#, ,#. /+&40)'#,
#, 4"#/(')&)(.2#, 3>,)/#, "(/#&(.'%'#, ,#. 0#, ,)$+)(.2(, M <( A().5
(.2("J
N?
(*).)" 0%, &(2%, 1 #39
(2)6#, '(0 %3%.'#.#
'(.2)*)/%" 0#, %,4(/2#, '( &%1#" /#.,)'("%/)-. 1 4"(#/+4%/)-.
(/#0(/2%" 1 (6%0+%" ).*#"&%/)-. M (" :)$+"%
!N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

(
#H!

! #

1/.

))&E
-

. #

. - -

1. Definir Metas y Objeti vos


Respecto a mantener la Presa y
Central
Generacin de Energa
Control de Inundacin
Provisin de Agua para Riego y
Potable
Navegacin
Pesca
Otros

Respecto a remover la estructura


Seguridad estructural y proteccin
Asuntos legales y de responsabilidad
Restauracin del sitio
Restauracin del ecosistema
Calidad del Agua

2. Identificar mayores factores de inters


Proteccin y Seguridad

Ambiental

Legal y Administrativo

Social

Econmico

Manejo

3. Recolectar y Eval uar informacin


Legal

Fsico

Biolgico

Econmico

4. Toma de Decisin

Remocin
5. Remocin de Presa
6. Recoleccin, eval uaci n y monitoreo de informacin

:+(.2(? <( A().5

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

(.2("J

Social

No remocin

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#&%" 0% '(/),)-.
(&#6(" 0% 4"(,% # &%.2(.("0%
(/#0(/2%"J (6%0+%" 1 &#.)2#"(%"

%"% (0 /%,# '( 0% 4"(,% 1 /(.2"%0 <)'"#(0=/2")/% %3%J 0% &(2% 1 #39


(2)6# '(0
4"#/(,# '( %3%.'#.# '( 0% 4"(,% "(,4(/2# % &%.2(.(" 0% (,2"+/2+"% (,2%
"(0%/)#.%'# /#. 0% $(.("%/)-. '( (.("$7% % 2"%6=, '( 0% /(.2"%0 (,4(/2# % 0%
#4/)-. '( "(&#/)-.J (,2% ,( "(0%/)#.% /#. 0% ,($+")'%' (,2"+/2+"%0 '( 0% 4"(,%
1 "(,2%+"%/)-. '(0 (/#,),2(&%J %+.;+( '(4(.'("> &%1#"&(.2( /#. 0%,
/#.')/)#.(, *7,)/%,J %&3)(.2%0(, 1 ,#/)%0(, (./#.2"%'%, (. (,( &#&(.2#
" %)+%E
0 40%. '( %3%.'#.# %;+74"(,(.2%'# ,( /#&4#.( '( 0# ,)$+)(.2(?
(*).)/)-. '( 0%, &(2%, 1 #39
(2)6#, '(0 %3%.'#.#
'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, %,4(/2#, '( &%1#" ).2("=,
(/#0(//)-. 1 (6%0+%/)-. '( ).*#"&%/)-.
#&% '( 0% '(/),)-. M/#. # ,). "(&#/)-. '( (,2"+/2+"%J "(4%"%/)-.
#4("%/)-.N
9
(/+/)-. '( %02(".%2)6% '( %3%.'#.#
(&#/)-. '( 0% /(.2"%0 1 4"(,% %3%
XI.12.7.1

%, &(2%, 1 #39
(2)6#, '(0 %3%.'#.# /#. # ,). "(&#/)-. '( 0% (,2"+/2+"%
'(3(">. ,(" /0%"%&(.2( '(*).)'#, 4%"% 4#'(" (,2%30(/(" +.% 3%,( 4%"% 0% 2#&%
'( 0% '(/),)-.
( %/+("'# % A().5 (.2("J
J %0$+.%, 4"($+.2%, ;+(
'(3(">. ,(" '(*).)'%, ,#.?
* 8
$

"

"
J E,

" "

I$

G
>

$
J
/

"

.
" ;
$

"
8

*;; ?
$#,2#

"

M8
8

K
)

/
"
/ "

& 4
I

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

XI.12.7.1.1
+"%.2( 0% '=/%'% 4%,%'% ,( <% 6(.)'# '(,%""#00%'# +. ).2("=, ,#3"( (0
%3%.'#.# '( "(4"(,%,
%, "%5#.(, 4")./)4%0(, 4%"% )&40(&(.2%" (0
%3%.'#.# '( +.% 4"(,% )./0+1(. 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, /#.,)'("%/)#.(,?
'$
*
K . 0#, /%,#, (. ;+( 0% ('%' 1 (0 &%.(9
# '( 0%
4"(,% <%1% '(3)0)2%'# 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, '( 0% &),&%J 2#".>.'#0% ).,($+"%
(. ,+ #4("%/)-.
"
"
. (0 /%,# '( ;+( (0 (,2%'# '( 0%
4"(,% ,(% ).,($+"# 1 (0 #4("%'#" # '+(P# 2(.$% ;+( %,+&)" 0%
"(,4#.,%3)0)'%' 4#" &+("2(, %,#/)%'#, % +. /#0%4,# '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%,J
,( 4"(*(")"> "(4%"%" 0% 4"(,% # "(&#6("0% . %0$+.#, /%,#, 0% "(&#/)-.
(, &>, 3%"%2% ;+( 0% "(4%"%/)-.
,
%, %/2)6)'%'(, "(/"(%/)#.%0(, 4+('(. ,(" +.% "%5-. 4%"%
0% "(&#/)-. # (0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0% 4"(,%
,2# '(4(.'("> '(0 2)4#
'( "7# 1 0% #4#"2+.)'%' '( '(4#"2(, ;+( (0 &),&# 4"#6(% ,). # /#. 0%
(,2"+/2+"%
'
, 4
K ) (0 $"%'# '( ,(')&(.2%/)-. <%
4"#6#/%'# +.% "('+//)-. /#.,)'("%30( '( 0% /%4%/)'%' '( %0&%/(.%"
%$+% 1 $(.("%" (0(/2")/)'%'
- ;
,
K (3)'# % +. '),(P# ).(*)/)(.2(J *%00#, (. 0%,
2+"3).%,J # /%&3)#, (. 0%, .(/(,)'%'(, ,#/)%0(, ;+( /#.6)("2( % +.%
4"(,% %.2)$+% (. #3,#0(2%
*
K . 0#, /%,#, (. ;+( 0#, /#,2#, &#.(2%")#, '(
&%.2(.)&)(.2# ,+4("(. 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, ,#/)%0(, '( 0% 4"(,%
0 *%/2#" (/#.-&)/# (, +.# '( 0#, 4")./)4%0(, *%/2#"(, ;+( "($+0%. (0
%3%.'#.# '( +.% "(4"(,%
(.("%0&(.2( ,( ).)/)%. (,2( 2)4# '( %.>0),),
/+%.'# ,( '(2("&).% ;+( (0 /#,2# 4"#1(/2%'# '( 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0%
4"(,% ,#3"(4%,% 0#, 3(.(*)/)#, "(0%/)#.%'#, % 0% #4("%/)-. '( 0% &),&%
. %0$+.#, '( 0#, /%,#, (0 %.>0),), '( %3%.'#.# ,( '% /+%.'# (0
4"#1(/2# <% ,#3"(4%,%'# ,+ 2)(&4# '( 6)'% O2)0J 4%,%.'# %,7'( ,("
+.% &(')'% (/#.-&)/%J % +.% &(')'% '( ,($+")'%'

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

! K * $
K (. 0#, /%,#, (. ;+( 0#, '%P#, /%+,%'#, % 0#, 4(/(, +
#2"%, (,4(/)(, '(4(.')(.2(, '(0 ")- .# 9
+,2)*);+(. 0% (B),2(./)% '( +.%
4"(,% '(,'( /+%0;+)(" 4(",4(/2)6%
XI.12.7.2

+($# '( (,2%30(/)'# 0%, &(2%, '(0 2)4# '( %3%.'#.# )'(.2)*)/%'#J '(3(">.
"(/#.#/(",( 0%, &%1#"(, /#.2"#6(",)%, 1 %,+.2#, '( ).2("=, 1 4"(#/+4%/)-.
4%"% 2#'#, 0#, %/2#"(, ).6#0+/"%'#, % "(6),)-. .(/(,)2% ,(" %/#&4%P%'% '(
+. 4"#/(,# %3)("2# 1 2"%.,4%"(.2( +,%.'# 0% (B4(")(./)% 1 /#.#/)&)(.2# '(
6%")%, 4(",#.%, ( ).,2)2+/)#.(, "(0%/)#.%'%, /#. (0 4"#/(,#
% "(6),)-.
)./0+)"> (0 4+.2# '( 6),2% '(0 #4("%'#"J ).6(",#"(, # 4"#4)(2%")#, '( 0% 4"(,%J
4"#4)(2%")#, '( 2)(""%, /("/% '( 0% 4"(,% 1 %$+%, %3%9
#J %'(&>, '( %+2#")'%'(,
0#/%0(,J %&3)(.2%0(, 1 #"$%.)5%/)#.(, 1 $"+4#, ).6#0+/"%'%, # /#. +. ).2("=,
(. (0 4"#/(,# M <( A().5
(.2("J
N .2"( 0#, %,+.2#, % ,(" '),/+2)'#,
(,2>.?
($+")'%' 1 4"#2(//)-.
( '(3("> ).6(,2)$%"?
B),2(./)% '( 4#2(./)%0 4="')'% '( 6)'%,J %//)'(.2(, # '%P#, % 0%
4"#4)('%' ,) 0% 4"(,% *%00% # ,) ,( "(&+(6(
% 6+0.("%3)0)'%' '( 0% 4"(,% '(3)'# %0 (.6(9
(/)&)(.2# # &%.2(.)&)(.2#
).%'(/+%'#
+0.("%3)0)'%' '( 0% 4"(,% % %/2#, '( 2(""#"),&#
+(,2)#.(,

&3)(.2%0(,

0$+.#, %,+.2#, % ).6(,2)$%" '( (9


(/+2%",( 0% "(&#/)-. '( 0% 4"(,%
B),2)"> +.% "(/+4("%/)-. '( 0%, (,4(/)(, .%2)6%,j
/+""(./)% '( ,(')&(.2%/)-. %$+%, %3%9
#j
#&# ,( %*(/2%">. 0%, *+(.2(, '( %3%,2(/)&)(.2# '( %$+% 4#2%30(j
#&# ,( %*(/2%"> (0 .)6(0 '( %$+% ,+32("">.(%j
B),2)">. 4"#30(&%, %,#/)%'#, /#. 0% /#.2%&).%/)-. '( ,(')&(.2#,
%/2+%0&(.2( /#.2(.)'#, 4#" 0% 4"(,%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

+(,2)#.(, 0($%0(, 1 %'&).),2"%2)6%,


6%0+%" 0%, 4"(#/+4%/)#.(, 1 .(/(,)'%'(, '(,'( +.% 4(",4(/2)6% 0($%0J /#&#
0% (B),2(./)% '( /#.*0)/2#, 4#2(./)%0(, # (B),2(.2(, /#. 0(1(, 1 "($+0%/)#.(,j
M) ( 0(1 '( %$+%,J #2"%,N
#&# 0% (,2"+/2+"% (B),2(.2( ,( %9
+,2% '(.2"# '(0 &%.(9
# $0#3%0 '(0
,),2(&% <7'")/#j
B),2(. /#.2"%2#, 4%"% (0 %3%,2(/)&)(.2# 1 '),2")3+/)-. '( %$+%j
+(,2)#.(, ,#/)%0(,
( )'(.2)*)/%">. 0%, /+(,2)#.(, ,#/)%0(, %,#/)%'%, /#. (0 4"#1(/2# (B),2(.2( 1
/#. (0 %3%.'#.# "(&#/)-. '(0 &),&#
B),2(./)% '( /%&3)#, (. (0 2)4# 1 (0 %//(,# % 0%, #4#"2+.)'%'(,
"(/"(%/)#.%0(,
B),2(./)% '( )&4%/2#, ')"(/2#, # ).')"(/2#, "(0%/)#.%'#, /#. /+%0;+)("
,("6)/)# .(/(,%")# ;+( *+( 4"#6),2# 4#" 0% 4"(,%J 1 /#&# (,2( ,("6)/)# ,(">
"((&40%5%'#
+(,2)#.(, (/#.-&)/%,
#,2# '(0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0% 4"(,% 6(",+, (0 /#,2# '( #2"%, %02(".%2)6%,
#, "(,4#.,%30(, *).%./)("#, 4#" 0% 4"(,% 1 /+%0;+)(" '%P# ;+( 4+('%
#/+"")"J 4#" (9
(&40#J ,) 0% 4"(,% ,+*")("% +.% "+42+"%
#2(./)%0(, /#,2#, M(,2)&%'#,N '( /+%0;+)(" "(4%"%/)-. # &%.2(.)&)(.2#
%.+%0 '( 0% ).,2%0%/)-. (B),2(.2(
B),2(./)% '( /")2(")#, *).%./)("#, ;+( '(3( /+&40)",( # &%.2(.(",( ,) (0
4"#1(/2# ,( *).%./)% /#. *#.'#, 4O30)/#, # ).2(".%/)#.%0(,
"#6((" % 0% 4"(,% /#. +. ,("6)/)# ;+( .(/(,)2%"> ,(" "((&40%5%'# 4#"
%0$+.% %02(".%2)6%J 1 ,+ "(,4(/2)6# /#,2#
#,2#, '( 4"#6((" %')/)#.%0(, &(')'%, '( ,($+")'%'
*(/2%/)-. '(0 6%0#" '( 0% 4"#4)('%'
+(,2)#.(, '( &%.(9
#
( )'(.2)*)/%"> 0%, /+(,2)#.(, %,#/)%'%, /#. 0% 4"(,% 1 /#.2"#0 '(0 "(/+",#
%$+%

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

#&# 0% (,2"+/2+"% (B),2(.2( ,( %9


+,2% '(.2"# '(0 &%.(9
# $0#3%0 '(0
,),2(&% <7'")/#j , +. (0(&(.2# /"72)/# 4%"% /+&40)" /+%0;+)(" %/+("'#
0($%0 1 0% 4"#6),)-. '( +. ,("6)/)# % 0% (/#.#&7% 0#/%0 M$(.("%/)-. '(
(.("$7%J /#.2"#0 '( ).+.'%/)-.J %3%,2(/)&)(.2# '( %$+%J (.2"( #2"#,N
%, #4("%/)#.(, ,( %9
+,2%. '(.2"# '( +. /#.2(B2# &>, %&40)# '(0 /#.2"#0
'( 0% /+(./% '(0 "7#j
+%0 (, 0% *+(.2( '( *).%./)%&)(.2# '( 0#, (,*+("5#, '( "(&#/)-. #
"(,2%+"%/)-.j
%, /+(,2)#.(, 4"(,(.2%'%, %1+'%">. % 0#, 2#&%'#"(, '( '(/),)#.(, 1 (0
4O30)/# % (6%0+%" ,) 0% 4"(,% ,( '(3("> /#.,)'("%" 4%"% "(&#/)-.J 0%,
%02(".%2)6%, (B),2(.2(, 1 ,) (0 4"#/(,# '(3( /#.2).+%" 4%"% (.2"%" (. 0% *%,( '(
"(/#0(//)-. 1 (6%0+%/)-. '( ).*#"&%/)-. M <( A().5
(.2("J
N
XI.12.7.3
+($# '( 2(.(" +.% 6),)-. &>, /0%"% '( 0%, /+(,2)#.(, %,#/)%'%, /#. 0%
"(&#/)-. # .# '( 0% (,2"+/2+"% '( 0% /(.2"%0 1 4"(,%J ,( 4"#/('( % "(+.)"
).*#"&%/)-. 4%"% ,#4#"2%" /+%0;+)(" 2#&% '( '(/),)-.
0 (.2"# A().5
'(,%""#00- ).')/%'#"(, 4%"% %4#1%" (0 4"#/(,# '( 2#&% '( '(/),)#.(,
#,
).')/%'#"(, 4+('(. ,(" +2)0)5%'#, 4%"% &(')" 0#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0%,
4#2(./)%0(, %02(".%2)6%, '( %3%.'#.# '( 0% 4"(,% #, "(,+02%'#, '(3(. ,("
4"#.#,2)/%'#, 4%"% 6%")#, 4(")#'#, '( 2)(&4# (. (0 *+2+"# 0 ).')/%'#" ,(
&+(,2"% (. 4%"=.2(,),
:7,)/#
A)'"#0#$7% %$+%, %3%9
# M/%+'%0 4)/# %.+%0J 6%")%/)-. ')+".%N
"#/(,# '( ,(')&(.2%/)-. M4"#'+//)-. %.+%0 '( ,(')&(.2#J &#&(.2# '(
&>B)&% 4"#'+//)-.J /%"$% %.+%0 1 '( *#.'#J 2%&%P# '( 4%"27/+0%
4"#&(')# '(0 *#.'# 1 &%"$(. '(0 "7#N
(#&#"*#0#$7% '(0 /%+/( %$+%, %3%9
# M%./<# '( /%+/( %/2)6#J 4%2"-.
'#&).%.2(J ,).+#,)'%'N
(#&#"*#0#$7% '( >"(% '( ).+.'%/)-.
(#&#"*#0#$7% '(0 "(,("6#")# M2%,% '( ,(')&(.2%/)-. 1 /%4%/)'%' '(
,(')&(.2%/)-.J 2%,% '( ("#,)-. 1 ,(')&(.2%/)-.N

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

F+7&)/#
%0)'%' '(0 $+% M +"3)('%'J 2(&4("%2+"%J 4A M%/)'(5 1 %0/%0).)'%'NJ
.)6(0(, '( #B7$(.# '),+(02#J /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( .+2")(.2(,J 2#B).%,J
&(2%0(, 4(,%'#,J "%')# .+/0()'#,J <("3)/)'%,J 4(,2)/)'%, 1 /#&3+,2)30(,N
%0)'%' '(0 ,(')&(.2# M(. "(,("6#")# 1 %$+%, %3%9
#N 4A M%/)'(5 1
%0/%0).)'%'NJ .)6(0(, '( #B7$(.# '),+(02#J /#./(.2"%/)#.(, '( .+2")(.2(,J
2#B).%,J &(2%0(, 4(,%'#,J "%')# .+/0()'#,J <("3)/)'%,J 4(,2)/)'%, 1
/#&3+,2)30(,N
%0)'%' '(0

)"( M/#.2%&).%/)-. '(,'( 3#2(, 1 6(<7/+0#, (. 2)(""%N

/#0#$7%
/#,),2(&%, %/+>2)/#, M>"(% '( (B2(.,)-. '( 0#, (/#,),2(&%, %/+>2)/#,J
4"#'+/2)6)'%' 4")&%")%J ,(/+.'%")% 1 2("/)%")%J ')6(",)'%' '( (,4(/)(,N
/#,),2(&%, ")3("(P#, M>"(% '( (B2(.,)-. '( 0#, (/#,),2(&%, ")3("(P#,J
3)#&%,% '( 0% 6($(2%/)-. ")3("(P%J (,4(/)(, '( 40%.2%, '#&).%.2(, 1
')6(",)'%' '( (,4(/)(, '( 40%.2%,J .O&("# 1 (B2(.,)-. '( 40%.2%, .%2)6%,J
).2"#'+/)'%, 1 (. 4(0)$"# '( (B2)./)-.N
(/(,L :%+.% 2(""(,2"( M.O&("# 1 (B2(.,)-. '( (,4(/)(, .%2)6%,J
).2"#'+/)'%, 1 (. 4(0)$"# '( (B2)./)-.N
/#.#&7%
/#.#&7% '( 0% +3)/%/)-. '( 0% 4"(,% M).$"(,#,J /#,2#, '( &%.2(.)&)(.2#J
/#,2#, '( #4("%/)-.J /#,2#, '( &(9
#"%&)(.2#J /#,2#, '( "(&#/)-.N
4#"2( '(0 "7# M6%0#" '( 4"#'+//)-. '( (.("$7%J 6%0#" '( %3%,2(/)&)(.2#
'( %$+%J 6%0#" '( )"")$%/)-.J 6%0#" "(/"(%/)#.%0 0#/%0 1 "($)#.%0J $%.%./)%,
1 4="')'%, '(0 6%0#" '( 0% 4"#4)('%' %0 3#"'( '(0 "(,("6#")# # ")3("% %$+%,
%3%9
#N
%0#" (/#.-&)/# "($)#.%0 M40%5%, '( 2"%3%9
#J 6%0#" '(0 2"%.,4#"2( #
"((&40%5# '(0 %$+%J ).6(",)#.(, %')/)#.%0(, "(;+(")'%,N
#/)%0
($+")'%' 1 4"#2(//)-. M'( 0% (,2"+/2+"% '( 0% 4"(,%J 4="')'% 4#2(./)%0 '(
6)'%,J %//)'(.2(, 1 '%P# % 0% 4"#4)('%'J 6+0.("%3)0)'%' '( %3%,2(/)&)(.2#
4O30)/# '( %$+%J 6+0.("%3)0)'%' % *%00%, 4#" /%+,%, .%2+"%0(, # <+&%.%,J
4("/(4/)#.(, '( ,($+")'%' '(0 "(,("6#")#N
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%0#" (,2=2)/# 1 /+02+"%0 M6%0#" <),2-")/# 1 (,2=2)/# '(0 "(,("6#")#J 6%0#"(,


"(0)$)#,#, %,#/)%'#, %0 "7# 1 %0 (.2#".#J (.2"( #2"#,N
#.,)'("%/)#.(, .# &%1#")2%")%, M'("(/<#, '( 4#30%/)#.(, &).#")2%")%,J
9
+,2)/)% %&3)(.2%0J '("(/<#, '( $(.("%/)#.(, *+2+"%,J (;+)'%'
).2("$(.("%/)#.%0J '("(/<#, %&3)(.2%0(, 1 '( 0#, %.)&%0(,N
XI.12.7.4
+($# ;+( 0% ).*#"&%/)-. <% ,)'# "(/#0(/2%'%J 1 <% ,)'# /#.'+/)'% 0%
(6%0+%/)-. (/#.-&)/% 1 /)(.27*)/% /#. %4#"2%/)-. 4O30)/%J 1 0% "(6),)-. 0($%0
(, /#&40(2%'%J 0% ).*#"&%/)-. ,( (.67% % 0#, 2#&%'#"(, '( '(/),)#.(,
%4"#4)%'#, % '(/),)-. *).%0 '( "(&#6(" # .# +.% 4"(,% 3%0%./(% 0%,
,)$+)(.2(, /+(,2)#.(, M <( A().5
(.2("J
N?
($+")'%' 1 4"#2(//)-.J 1 "(;+(")&)(.2#, 4%"% (0 &%.(9
# <7'")/#
<#""#, '(0 &%.2(.)&)(.2# '( 0% 4"(,% /#.2"% 0% "(&#/)-. # 0% "(4%"%/)-.
1 "(4#2(./)%/)-.
(/(,)'%'(, 1 4#2(./)%0(, $%.%./)%, (/#0-$)/%,
#.,)'("%/)#.(, ,#/)%0(,
(0%/)#.(, 0($%0(,
4#1# 1 ,#4#"2( 4O30)/#
.2("(,(, 0#/%0(, 1 "($)#.%0(, 1 4#2(./)%0(, ).2("(,(, .%/)#.%0(, (
).2(".%/)#.%0(,
" %)+%
'

. /%,# '( '(*).)",( 0% /#&40(2% "(&#/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J 1 4#" (.'(J (0 2#2%0
'"(.%9
( '(0 (&3%0,(J (0 :)'()/#&),# K A J '(3("> '(*).)" (0 +,# 4#,2(")#" ;+(
,( 0( '%"> % 0%, %4"#B)&%'%&(.2(
<(/2>"(%, #/+4%'%, 4#" (0 4"#1(/2#
<)'"#(0=/2")/#
XI.12.8.1

%"%.2)5%" ;+( (0 +,# 4#,2(")#" '( 0%, 2)(""%, ,(% /#<("(.2( #


/#&4%2)30( /#. 0% (,2"+/2+"% "($)#.%0 ;+( )&4("( (. (0 &#&(.2# '(
%3%.'#.# '(0 4"#1(/2#
42%" 4#" +. +,# ;+( #2#"$+( &%1#"(, 3(.(*)/)#, % 0% "($)-. 1 % 0%
4#30%/)-. /)"/+.'%.2(
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

"#$"%&%" 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, "(;+(")'%, 4%"% 0% "()./#"4#"%/)-. '( 0#,


2(""(.#,
XI.12.8.2

%"% )'(.2)*)/%" (0 +,# &>, %4"#4)%'# '( 0#, 4"(')#,J (0 :)'()/#&),# K A J


'(3("> (&4"(.'(" 0%, ,)$+)(.2(, %/2)6)'%'(,?
)%

9
B

7 ?
2

%"% 0% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, +,#, 4#2(./)%0(, '( (,2#, 2(""(.#,J (, .(/(,%")% 0%
)'(.2)*)/%/)-. '( 0#, &),&#,J ,+, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, +.% 6(5 "(2)"%'#, 0#,
(0(&(.2#, '(0 4"#1(/2#J 1 0%, /#.')/)#.(, '(0 %3%.'#.# ( '(3("> %.%0)5%" 0%
/%0)'%' '( (,2#, ,+(0#,J 2#&%.'# (. /#.,)'("%/)-. ;+( (. ,+ &%1#"7%J (,2#,
<%. ,("6)'# 4%"% 0% *#"&%/)-. '(0 (&3%0,( '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,#4#"2%.'# (.
%0$+.#, 4+.2#, &>, '(
&(2"#, '( /#0+&.% '( %$+%
,2% )'(.2)*)/%/)-. '(3("> )" %/#&4%P%'% 4#" 0#, 40%.#, /#""(,4#.')(.2(,J 1
%.2( ,+ %+,(./)%J '(3("> 4"#/('(",( /#. (0 "(,4(/2)6# 0(6%.2%&)(.2#
2#4#$">*)/# , .(/(,%")# (,2+')%" ,+, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, 2#4#$">*)/%,J 0#, .+(6#,
.)6(0(, '( %$+% ,+32("">.(%J 1 0%, /#.')/)#.(, (. ;+( ,( (./+(.2"%. 0+($# '(
0% (2%4% '( #4("%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#
,2% ).*#"&%/)-. (, *+.'%&(.2%0 4%"%
'(*).)" ;+= >"(%,J (. /%.2)'%' 1 /%0)'%'J ;+('%">. '),4#.)30(, 4%"% (0 +,#
4#,2(")#"
+%

. /%,# '( "($),2"%",( %02("%/)#.(, /#.,)'("%30(, (. /+%.2# % 0% /%0)'%' '( 0#,


,+(0#,J ,( '(3("> )&40(&(.2%" 4"#$"%&%, '( "(&(')%/)-. '( 0#, &),&#,J /#.
(0 #39
(2)6# '( "(/+4("%" (. 0% &(')'% '( 0# 4#,)30(J 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%,
#")$).%0(, '( (,2%, 2)(""%,
,%

#. 0% ).*#"&%/)-. '( 0#, 2(""(.#, '),4#.)30(, 1 '( ,+, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, 1


/#.')/)#.(,J ,( '(3( 4%,%" % %.%0)5%" (0 +,# '(0 ,+(0# %.2(")#" % 0%
)&40%.2%/)-. '(0 4"#1(/2#J ( )'(.2)*)/%" 0#, +,#, 4#2(./)%0(, &>, 3(.(*)/)#,#,
4%"% 0% "($)-.
%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, '( 0%, >"(%, '),4#.)30(, 1 '( 0% "($)-.
'(3(">. '(2("&).%" (,2( 4#2(./)%0
*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

( '(3(">. )'(.2)*)/%" 0#, %/2#"(, % ).6#0+/"%",( '(.2"# '(0 4"#1(/2# '(


"(<%3)0)2%/)-.
#, %/2#"(, 4+('(. ,(" 0%, %+2#")'%'(,J #"$%.),&#,
$+3(".%&(.2%0(, # ,(//)#.%0(, ;+( /+(.2(. /#. 0%, '(3)'%, %2")3+/)#.(,
0($%0(,J ).6(",)#.),2%, 4")6%'#,J 0%, #"$%.)5%/)#.(, /#&+.%0(, (B),2(.2(, 1L#
)./0+,# 0#, (&40(%'#, ;+( ;+('%">. /(,%.2(,
0%

.% *#"&% 4%"% %0/%.5%" (0 =B)2# (. ).)/)%2)6%, "($)#.%0(,J (, (0 2"%3%9


#
/#.9
+.2# /#. %+2#")'%'(, 1 /#&+.)'%'(,
#, "(,+02%'#, '( 0%, %/2)6)'%'(,
%.2(")#"(, '(3(. ,(" 4"(,(.2%'#, % 0%, %+2#")'%'(, 1 % 0%, /#&+.)'%'(, 4%"%
%.%0)5%" 1 '),/+2)" 0#, "(,+02%'#, (,4("%'#, ./0+,)6(J ,) 0%, /#.')/)#.(, 0#
4("&)2(.J 4+('(. ,(" 2"%3%9
%'#, (. /#.9
+.2#
,2#, %.>0),), /#.9
+.2#,
4"#4(.'(. %02(".%2)6%, ).2("(,%.2(, 1 6)%30(,
4% (

3
>

(4(.')(.'# '( 0#, +,#, )'(.2)*)/%'#,J ,( *#"&+0%">. 0#, 4"#1(/2#,


"(,4(/2)6#, 1 ,( 4"#$"%&%">. 0%, %/2)6)'%'(, 4("2).(.2(, ) ,( /#.,)'("% 0%
6(.2% % 2("/("#,J .# (, .(/(,%")# *#"&+0%" .).$O. 4"#1(/2# ,).# 4"#/('(" % 0%
#*("2% '( 0#, 4"(')#, (. /+(,2)-. %, (6%0+%/)#.(, '( /%0)'%' '( ,+(0#, 1 '(
%$+%, ,+32("">.(%,J ;+( ,( "(%0)5%">. +.% 6(5 ;+( 0% $"%.9
% %/+7/#0% /(,(
#4("%/)#.(,J 1 ;+( *#"&%. 4%"2( '(0 4"(,(.2( 40%. '( %3%.'#.#J ,("6)">.
/#&# +. '#/+&(.2# '( "(*("(./)% '( 0%, /#.')/)#.(, %&3)(.2%0(, ).)/)%0(,
/#. ;+( (0 .+(6# 4"#1(/2# ,( '(,%""#00%">
XI.12.8.3

0 (,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 4%"% (0 3%.'#.# '(0 "#1(/2# '(3(">


/#.,)'("%" 0%, /%"%/2("7,2)/%, *7,)/%,J 3)#0-$)/%, 1 ,#/)#(/#.-&)/%,J 2%.2# '(0
4"#1(/2# /#&# '( ,+ (.2#".#J (. (0 &#&(.2# (. ;+( ,( /#.,)'("( ;+( (0
4"#1(/2# '(3% (.2"%" (. ,+ *%,( '( %3%.'#.#
,2(
'(3("> )./0+)" 0#, ')*("(.2(, 40%.(, '( &%.(9
# 4%"( (0 2)4# '(
%3%.'#.# % "(%0)5%",(
)/<#, 40%.(, '(3(">. "(/#&(.'%" 4"#/(')&)(.2#,
(,4(/7*)/#,J 1 &(/%.),&#, '( *).%./)%&)(.2# 4%"% 0% )&40(&(.2%/)-. '( 0%,
&(')'%, "(/#&(.'%'%, 4%"% (0 %3%.'#.#

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

,2+')# '( &4%/2# &3)(.2%0 (*).)2)6#


"#1(/2# +02)4"#4-,)2#
#.,#"/)# A)'"#(.("$=2)/# '(0 )2#"%0

%'% +.# '( 0#, 40%.(, '(3("> (,2%" 3%,%'# (. #39


(2)6#, ;+( 3(.(*)/)(. 2%.2#
% 0% /%0)'%' '( 6)'% '( 0#, <%3)2%.2(, '(0 ,(/2#"J /#&# % 0%, /#.')/)#.(,
&(')#%&3)(.2%0(, '(0 (.2#".#
%3( ,(P%0%"J ;+( /+%.'# ,( %.%0)/( 0% 2#2%0
"(&#/)-. '( 0%, (,2"+/2+"%, '(0 4"#1(/2#J ,( '(3("> (.*#/%" (. (0
"(,2%30(/)&)(.2# &>B)&# '( 0%, /#.')/)#.(, ).)/)%0(, '(0 >"(% '(0 4"#1(/2#
0 (,2+')# '(3("> %'(&>, (,2%30(/(" /")2(")#, ")$+"#,#, '( ,($+")'%'J 0#,
&),&#, ;+( '(3(">. ,(" '(,%""#00%'#, 1 %40)/%'#, )./0+1(.'# 0% 4"(4%"%/)-.
1 4+30)/%/)-. '( &%4%, '( ).+.'%/)-. 1 40%.(, (,4(/7*)/#, '( (6%/+%/)-. '(
(&("$(./)%J %,7 /#&# 0% /#.2"%2%/)-. '( ,($+"#, '( "(,4#.,%3)0)'%' 4#"
'%P#, #, '%2#, "(*("(.2(, % 0% ,($+")'%' '( 0% 4"(,% %3% '(3(">. <%/(",(
4O30)/#,
:).%0&(.2(J ,( '(3(">. %.%0)5%" 0%, /+(./%, <)'"#$">*)/%, ).*0+(./)%'%, 4#" (0
4"#1(/2#J '(,%""#00>.'#,( 4"#$"%&%, '( %$")/+02+"%J 40%.)*)/%/)-. +"3%.%J
$(,2)-. '( /"(/)'%,J 1 %4"#6),)#.%&)(.2# '( %$+%J /#. (0 #39
(2)6# '( %.%0)5%"
(0 2)4# 1 0% &(')'% (. ;+( (,2%, %/2)6)'%'(, 4#'"7%. 6(",( %*(/2%'%, 4#" (0
%3%.'#.# '(0 4"#1(/2#J 1 0%, /#&4(.,%/)#.(, % "(%0)5%",( 4%"% &)2)$%" (,2#,
)&4%/2#,

*;; ?
$#,2#

M8
8

S-ar putea să vă placă și