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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION TO LAMINATED VENEER
LUMBER
DEVELOPMENT OF MS 544 PART 12
CONTENT OF STANDARD
DESIGN METHOD
DESIGN EXAMPLE
Laminated veneer
lumber (LVL) is an
engineered wood
product that uses
multiple layers of
veneer assembled with
adhesives.
LVL PROCESS
LVL consists of thin sheets of wood veneer
bonded with adhesive and oriented with
the grain parallel in the long direction.
Glue
spreading
Veneer oriented
in single
direction
LVL
Loading Direction
Loading direction
Loading
direction
Loading direction
a) Edgewise
b) Endwise
c) Flatwise
UM
zamin@fk.um.edu.my
UPM
FRIM
CIDB
UPM
Golden Hope
UPM
UiTM
JPN
CA
GORISE
UTM
ftahir@forr.upm.edu.my
tanye@frim.gov.my
hani@cidb.gov.my
pshng@hotmail.com
razali@goldenhope.com
edingw@hotmail.com
zakiah@civil.engr.itm.edu.my
fahmi@kpkt.gov.my
haris@casco-adhesives.com
info@gorise.com
suhaimi@fka.utm.my
Experimental Design
50-mm thick LVL
Yellow Meranti
3.2 mm
4.0 mm
Kedondong
3.2 mm
4.0 mm
Bintangor
3.2 mm
4.0 mm
White Meranti
3.2 mm
4.0 mm
Keruing
3.2 mm
4.0 mm
Test Design
Tests that were performed;
Static Bending
Flatwise and edgewise
Bending Shear
Flatwise and Edgewise
Loading Directions
Load
Edgewise
Load
Flatwise
Test Samples
Tests
Loading
Directions
Number of
specimen
Flatwise
Edgewise
Size (mm)
thickness x width
x length
50 x 90 x 900
90 x 50 x 1620
Static
Bending
Bending
Shear
Flatwise
Edgewise
50 x 40 x 300
40 x 50 x 240
30
30
Tensile
50 x 50 x 1500
15
Compression
50 x 50 x 1500
15
30
30
Test Setup
Test Setup
Test Setup
Tensile parallel to the
longitudinal member of
LVL test
Test Setup
Compression parallel to the
longitudinal member of LVL
test
Lateral restraint
Data obtained were analysed into design value according to Basic Working Stress in Bending
In-grade
Species
Bending1
(MOR)
Modulus of
elasticity
(MOE) 1
Mean
Minimum
Yellow Meranti
10.2
6.9
0.52
18.0
12000
9204
Kedondong
10.6
7.7
0.61
18.7
12500
9588
Bintangor
14.6
9.0
0.94
20.0
14000
10738
White Meranti
13.4
8.3
1.03
21.2
18550
14228
Keruing
9.6
6.9
0.63
14.0
16900
12962
1. Scope
2. Referenced documents
3. Definitions
4. Applications
5. Durability
6. Structural properties
7. Connections
8. Permissible stresses
A. Scope
This Standard applies to Laminated Veneer Lumber
(LVL) products engineered for use in structural
applications in which the primary loading is in either
the edgewise or endwise direction such as rafters,
headers, beams, joists, studs and columns. Secondary
gluing shall be permitted for edgewise bending
application.
B. Application
Rafters
Lintels
3. Installation
C. Connections
Connectors that may work well in
solid timber members should be
used with caution in LVL as the
veneer lathe checks that are
formed during peeling can reduce
its fracture toughness properties.
Since LVL is made up of many
layers of veneers, the connectors
should be installed perpendicular
to gluelines (Figure a) and should
is not recommended to be
installed parallel to the gluelines
(Figure b) such that delamination
due to stress concentration
between laminates does not occur.
a.
b.
D. Durability
Durability refers to the durability of the wood used and the
integrity of the glueline.
The structural LVL should be manufactured by using a WBP
type adhesive, which complies to MS 908. It shall conform
to the requirements of Service class III (an external, fully
exposed condition including marine environment).
LVL is required to maintain its strength and bonding
performance up to an equilibrium moisture content (EMC)
of 20%.
When treatment with preservative is specified, it shall be
carried out in accordance with MS 544 Part 10.
E. Structural Properties
The strength and stiffness of LVL shall be
manufactured and evaluated using the
methods specified in Malaysian Standard MS
2209: 2009: Structural Laminated Veneer
Lumber: Performance Requirements and
Minimum Manufacturing Requirements
The steps involve in the processing the data obtained from a series of
mechanical testing in deriving the basic working stress.
Step
Definition
Formulation
Note:
Establish
Characteristic Test
Values (Rk)
Establish Basic
Working Stress Values
(Rbasic)
or
Using Cumulative Distribution
Function
= means values
= Standard deviation
VR
= Derived coefficient of the variation
1.75
= Load Duration Factor
1.3 + 0.7 VR = Safety factor
F. Design Values
Grade stress for various strength groups of structural LVL
(Stresses and elastic moduli expressed in N/mm2)
Strength
Group
Bending
(MOR)
Tension parallel
to longitudinal axis
Shear parallel
to longitudinal
axis
Compression
Modulus of
elasticity
(MOE)
Parallel to
longitudinal axis
Perpendicular to
longitudinal axis
Mean
Minimum
SG1
26.5
15.9
2.28
22.5
3.74
18800
14000
SG2
18.3
11.0
1.95
18.5
3.05
16800
12600
SG3
15.9
9.5
1.61
14.1
2.09
14300
10300
SG4
13.2
7.9
1.23
11.1
1.65
11000
7600
SG5
9.5
5.7
1.07
8.5
1.14
9100
6300
SG6
8.9
5.3
0.86
6.9
1.02
7300
5200
SG7
6.5
3.9
0.76
5.4
0.62
6600
3400
NOTE: The grade stress is adopted from dry standard grade in Table 4, MS 544 Part 2.
G. Connections
The joint grouping is adopted from MS 544
Part 5 on the basis of testing a single nail size
and a single bolt size.
Strength
Group
SG1
SG2/SG3
SG4
SG5
SG6/SG7
Joint
Group
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
NOTE: The joint group for nails and bolts specified in this Clause should not be used for other fastener types.
H. Permissible Stresses
Permissible stresses in LVL are governed by the
particular conditions of service and loading.
The modification factors for LVL were adopted
from the MS 544 Part 2: Permissible stress design
for solid timber.
DESIGN METHOD
LVL can be used wherever sawn timber is used, especially in
structural application.
The properties of LVL show much less variation than sawn
timber. The maximum effect of a single defect in an LVL
laminate is very small as the laminates are so thin compared
with the thickness of the whole member.
DESIGN EXAMPLES
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