JRAHS Trial HSC 2006 Extension 2

Question 1 (15 Marks)

Marks

2x
dx .
1 + 2x

(a)

Find

(b)

How many different ways are there of choosing a cricket 11 from a team of 15
players, if there can only be at most, one of the 2 Lee brothers and 2 of 3 Abey
brothers?

(c)

Find lim

(d)

Find the sum of all the coefficients of powers of z in the expansion (1 + z)8.

(e)

(i)

Find the equation of the tangent to the hyperbola 3x2 y2 = 12 at the point
T(x1, y1).

(ii)

This tangent meets the line d (x = 1) in the point M. Prove that FM FT,
where F is the focus (4, 0).

x 5

20 x 5
.
5+ x

Question 2 (15 Marks)

(a)

(b)

(c)

2
3

2
2

START A NEW PAGE

(i)

Express z = 2 i 2 in modulus argument form.

(ii)

Hence, write z22 in the form of a + ib, where a and b are real.

If a, b, c are real and unequal and that a2 + b2 > 2ab deduce that
(i)

a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ca

(ii)

If a + b + c = 6 show that ab + bc + ca < 12

1
Let In = x n e x dx for n 0.
n! 0

(i)

Use integration by parts to show that In = I n 1

(ii)

Hence, evaluate I4.

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

e 1
n!

Page 1

Question 3 (15 Marks)

(a)

START A NEW PAGE

Marks

The diagram below is a sketch of the function y = f(x).

On separate diagrams sketch neatly:

(i)

y = |f(x)|

(ii)

y = ef(x)

(iii) y = ln(f(x))

(b)

Reduce the polynomial x4 2x2 15 over the rational and the complex field.

(c)

If z1, z2 are 2 complex numbers such that |z1 + z2| = |z1 z2|.
With the aid of a diagram, show that arg (z1) and arg (z2) differ by either
3
.
or
2
2

(d) Evaluate

1 tan x

1 + tan x dx .

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

Page 2

Question 4 (15 Marks)

(a)

START A NEW PAGE

Marks
3

A string 50 cm of length can just sustain a weight of mass 20 kg without

breaking. A mass of 4 kg is attached to one end of the string and revolves
uniformly on a smooth horizontal table; the other end is being fixed to a
point on the table.
Find the greatest number of complete revolutions the mass can make in a
minute without breaking the string. [Use acceleration due to gravity as 9.8 m/s2]

(b)

a2

Evaluate
a

dx
, leaving your answer in simplified, exact form.
x ln x

(c)
y = cos2x

x=

y = cos2x

The area between the graphs of y = cos2x and y = cos2x for 0 x

and x =

is rotated about the y axis. By considering cylindrical shells, find

2
volume of revolution of the solid formed, in terms of .

(d)

Use the properties of odd and even functions to evaluate cos x e x e x dx .

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

Page 3

Question 5 (15 Marks)

(a)

START A NEW PAGE

(i)

Find A and B for which

x4
B
.
= A x2 1 + 2
2
x +1
x +1

(ii)

Show that this result may be used in the integration of the function x3tan-1x.

Hence, evaluate the integral x 3 tan 1 x dx .

0

(b)

A particle P is projected vertically upwards from the surface of the Earth with
initial speed u. The acceleration due to gravity at any point on its path is inversely
proportional to the square of its distance from the centre of the Earth.
P
Diagram not to scale

(i)

(ii)

2 gR 2
,
x
where R is the radius of the Earth and g is the acceleration due to gravity at
the surface of the Earth.
Prove that the speed v in any position x is given by v2 = u2 2gR +

If u = 2 gR , find the time taken to reach a height 3R above the surface

of the earth, in terms of g and R.

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

Page 4

Question 6 (15 Marks)

START A NEW PAGE

Marks
4

(a)

A total of five players is selected at random from four sporting teams.

Each of the teams consists of 10 players numbered from 1 to 10. What is the
probability that the five selected players contain at least four players from the
same team? Clearly explain your answer.

(b)

A particle P of mass m is attached by two equal, light inextensible strings

of length l, to two points Q and S, distant h units apart in the same vertical line;
S is directly below Q. P rotates in a horizontal circle with uniform angular
velocity, .
Q
Diagram not to scale
l
O

S
(i)

(ii)

g
1
Prove that the tension in the string PQ is ml 2 + where g is the
h
2
acceleration due to gravity.

Find the tension in the string PS.

2g
.
h
(iv) If the tensions in the string are in the ration of 2:1, find the period of the
motion of the particle.
(iii) Show that for both strings to remain stretched then >

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

2
3

Page 5

Question 7 (15 Marks)

START A NEW PAGE

Marks

(a) , , are non zero roots of the equation x3 + px + q = 0.

Find the equation whose roots are

(b)

(i)

3, 3,

(ii)

,
,

3
4

c
The diagram below shows the hyperbola xy = c2. The point P ct, lies on the
t
curve, where t 0. The normal at P intersects the straight line y = x at N.
O is the origin.
N

P
O

Prove that the equation of the normal at P is

c
y = t 2 x + c3 .
t
(ii) Find the coordinates of N.
(iii) Show that OPN is isosceles.
(i)

(c) (i)
(ii)

Draw a neat sketch of the graph of y =

Draw a neat sketch of the curve y =

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

1
2

4
x.
x

2
2

f (x) .

Page 6

Question 8 (15 Marks)

(a)

START A NEW PAGE

Marks

Bens Hot Wheel travels along an inclined ramp to jump over a truck. The Hot
Wheel travels at an initial speed V m/s inclined at an angle to the horizontal at O,
and acceleration due to gravity is g m/s2.
gx 2 sec 2
The Wheels trajectory is given by y = x tan
.
2V 2

(i)

Write this equation in the general form of a parabola: (x h)2 = 4a(y k),
where a, h, k are constants.

(ii)

Calculate the angle of projection, , if the range is three times the width of
3
the truck and the top of the truck passes through the focus of equation in part (a).

(b) Given p and q are positive real numbers,

1
( p + q)
2

(i)

Prove that:

(ii)

Hence, deduce that:

pq .
p

1 p
+ q .

2 q

Question 8 Part (c) continued on the next pag

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

Page 7

(c)

Given a1 , a 2 , a3 , K , a n and b1 , b2 , b3 , K , bn are positive real numbers,

where An = a1 + a 2 + a3 + K + a n and Bn = b1 + b2 + b3 + K + bn , are
such that a1, a2, .., an > 0, b1, b2, .., bn > 0 and Ar Br , for r = 1, 2, 3, , n.
(i)

Prove, by mathematical induction for n = 1, 2, 3, , that:

1
1
1
1

Bn +
Bn 1 +

bn
bn
bn 1
bn 1
bn 2

1
1
B

B
n2 +K+

b
1
b
2
1

= b1 + b2 + b3 + K + bn .

(ii)

a1

Hence, given:

b1

a2

b2

a3
b3

+K +

an
bn

1
1
1
1
An +
An 1 +

b
b
bn
bn
bn 1
n2
n 1

show that:

r =1

(iii) Deduce that:

r =1

JRAHS 2006 Y12 Trials Ext 2

ar
br

1
1
A

n2 +K+

b
b2
1

A ,
1

br .

r =1

a r br .

r =1

Page 8

Year 12 Mathematics Extension 2 TRIALS 2006 Suggested Solutions (LK)

Solutions to Questions
Question 1
2x
1
(a)
dx = 1
dx
1 + 2x
1 + 2x

(b)

1
= x ln 1 + 2 x + c
2
Let the Lee brothers be L1 and L2
Let the Abey brothers be A1, A2 and A3.
Then there are 10 others.
# possibilities is 365 ways.
Others
L
A
1
0
10
1
1
9
1
2
8
0
1
10
0
2
9
2 + 60 + 270 + 3 + 30 = 365 [ using n C r ]

(c)

lim

x 5

= lim

20 x 5
20 x + 5

5+ x
20 x + 5
20 x 25

x 5

= lim

x 5

1
10

(5 + x) 20 x + 5
1

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 for changing the integral

1 correct integration

1 for correct answer

2 for justification

1 for multiplying by conjugate

20 x + 5

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 correct simplification & answer

Solutions to Questions
Question 1 continued
8 8 8
8
8
(d) (1 + z)8 = + z + z 2 + + z 7 + z 8
0 1 2
7
8
8 8 8
8
Let z = 1 then 28 = + + + +
0 1 2
8
8
sum of coefficients = 2 or 256.

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 correct expansion
1 correct substitution of z = 1 and the
correct answer.

(e)
(i)

Since 3x2 y2 = 12 then we get

3x
dy
dy
6x 2y
=0
= 1 at T.
y1
dx
dx
3x
equation of tangent: y y1 = 1 ( x x1 )
y1
(ii) since this tangent meets the line x = 1
3 x 12
y = 1
& since F(4, 0)
y1
( x 4)
y1
FMgrad = 1
& FTgrad =
y1
x1 4
FM FT = 1
FM FT.

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 correct differential
1 gradient at T.
1 correct tangent equation

1 + 1 for correct gradients

1 correct justification of FMFT.

Question 2

Solutions to Questions

(a)(i) z = 2 cis (

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 for modulus
1 for argument

)
22

(ii)

z = 2cis
4

22
= 222 cos 4

22

by De Moivres Theorem

22
+ i sin
4

11
11
= 222 cos

i sin
4
2
= 222 (0 i) = 222 i.
(b)(i) Since a2 + b2 > 2ab then similiarly
a2 + c2 > 2ac and b2 + c2 > 2bc.
2(a2 + b2 + c2) > 2(ab + bc + ac)
a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ac as required
(ii)

Since a + b + c = 6
Then (a + b + c)2 = 36
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = 36
But from part (i) a2 + b2 + c2 > ab + bc + ac
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac> 3(ab + bc + ac)
36 > 3(ab + bc + ac)
ab + bc + ac <12 as required.

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 correct use of De Moivres theorem

1 correct simplification
1 correct answer
1 correctly writing the other two
inequalities.
1 correct inequality

1 correct expansion
1 correct substitution

Solutions to Questions
Question 2 continued
1
1
(c)(i) In = x n e x dx , n 0
By integration by parts
n! 0
=

1
x ne x
n!

1
0

1
nx n 1e x dx

n! 0

1 + 1 marks

1 mark

1
n
=
e 1 + x n 1e x dx
n!
n! 0
=

Comments

e 1
1
+
x n 1e x dx

n! (n 1)! 0

= In 1

(ii)

Marking Scheme

e 1
as required.
n!

e 1
e 1 e 1
= I2

4!
3!
4!
1
1
1
e
e
e
= I1

2! 3!
4!
1
1
e
e
e 1 e 1
= I0

1!
2! 3!
4!
1
1
1
e
e
e 1 e 1
1
= e x dx

0! 0
1!
2! 3!
4!

I4 = I3

41
= [e x ]10 e 1
24
65
=1
24e

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 up to this line

1 for this line

1 correct answer

Question 3

(i)

Solutions to Questions

Marking Scheme

Comments

y = |f(x)|
1 shape
1 critical points

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

Question 3 continued
(ii) y = ef(x)

Solutions to Questions

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 shape
1 asymptote / turning point

(iii)y = ln(f(x))
1 shape
1 x intercept / asymptote

(b)

(x2 5)(x2 + 3) over rational field

(x 5 )(x + 5 )(x 3i )(x + 3i ) over complex field

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 correct factorization
1 correct factorisation

Solutions to Questions
Question 3 continued
(c)
(d)

1 tan x
0 1 + tan x dx =

cos x sin x

cos x + sin x dx

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 correct conversion to sin & cos

= [ln cos x + sin x ]02

1 correct integration + answer

=0

Solutions to Questions

Question 4
(a) T 20 9.8
But T = m 2 r
m 2 r 20 9.8
4 2 20 9.8
2 98 rads/ sec
1
98 60
revs / min
2
greatest no. of revolutions 94 revs/ min
(b)

a2

dx
x ln x = [ln(ln x )]
a

a2
a

= ln (lna2) ln(lna)
ln a 2

= ln
ln a
= ln 2

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 T 20 9.8

1
1 converting to revs/ min & correct answer

1 correct integration

1 correct use of log. Rule

1 correct answer

(c) (i) V = 2xyx

1 showing correct volume of slice

Total volume =

2x(cos

x cos 2 x dx

1 correct integral + limits

2 (x x cos x )dx

1 correct simplified integral

1
1
1
2
= x 2 x x + cos 2 x
2
2
2
0

1 correct use of IBP

1 2 1 1
=


8 2 8 4 4

1 correct integration by parts

3
=
+ units3
2
8

1 correct answer in terms of .

x
x
cos x e e dx

(d)

Since cos x is an EVEN function & ex e-x is an ODD 1 + 1 for correct justification
function, EVEN ODD ODD

cos x(e

e x dx = 0

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

Note: students do not

need to physically find
the integral!

1 correct answer

Solutions to Questions
Question 5
x4
B
(a) (i) 2
= A x2 1 + 2
x +1
x +1
Let x = 0 B A = 0
Let x = 1 = B
B = 1 and A = 1

(ii)

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 substituting a reasonable x values

1 correct answers for A and B.

tan 1 x dx

1
x4

x4
1
= tan 1 x
dx
2
4
0 4 0 1+ x
1

1 x3
=
x + tan 1 x
16 4 3
0

16
1
=
6

1 + 1 for integration by parts

6 6

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 for integration
1 substitution
1 correct answer

Solutions to Questions
Marking Scheme
Question 5 continued
(b)(i) particle moving upwards & acceleration is acting
k
downwards a = 2
x
When x = R, a = g
1 for finding k in terms of g and R.
k = gR2.

d 1 2
d 1 2 gR 2
since a =
v
v =
2
dx 2
dx 2
x
gR 2
1
v2 =
+c
x
2
Now when x = R , v = u initially
1
c = u 2 gR
2
2 gR 2
v2 = u 2 2 gR +
x
2 gR 2
2
when u = 2 gR v =
x

(ii)

v=

t=

4R

t=

1 for finding a in terms of g and R

1 integration
1 for c

1 v2 equation

2 gR 2
,v>0
x

dx
=
dt

dt
=
dx

Comments

x
2gR 2
x

1
2

2 gR 2

dx =

4R

2
x
2 gR 2 3 R
1

14 R
3 2g

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

3
2

1 for

dt
dx

1 correct integration for t

1 correct answer

10

Solutions to Questions
Question 6
(a) 4 players
There are 4C1 ways of choosing the team
Then we need four players of the 10: 10C4 ways
The 5th player is chosen from the remaining 30 in
30
C1 way
total number of ways = 4C110C430C1 = 25200
5 players 4C1 10C5 = 1008 ways
p(at least 4 players from same team)
1
25200 + 1008
=
=
25
40

5

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 correct answer + 1 justification

1 correct answer
1 correct probability

(b)
Q

l
T1
O

T2

mg

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

11

Solutions to Questions
Question 6 continued
(b) (i)By trig. R = lsin and h = 2lcos.
Resolving forces:
Vertically: 0 = mg + T2cos T1cos.
mg = (T1 T2) cos.
Horizontally: m 2 r = T1sin + T2sin
m(lsin) 2 = (T1 + T2) sin.
mg
2mgl
From T1 T2 =
=
cos
h
2
From T1 + T2 = ml
g
+ T1 = ml( 2 + ) tension in PQ.
h
(ii)

g
1
T2 = ml 2
h
2

Marking Scheme

Comments

1 sin and cos relationships

1 vertical force
1 horizontal force

1 rearrangements of equation
1 correct addition & simplification

1 for answer

(iii) String PS (hence PQ) will only remain stretched is

g
1
T2 > 0 2 > 0
h
2
1 knowing T2 > 0
2g
>
1 showing answer is true
h
(iv) If T1 : T2 = 2 : 1 then 2 =
=

6g
h

2
2
6g
period of motion =
=

h
h
6g

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

1 getting 2
1 for + 1 period

12

Solutions to Questions
Question 7
(a)(i) 3+ 3+ 3 = ( + + )3 + 3
( + + )3 + 3
= ( + + )(2 + 2 + 2 ) + 3
= 0 + 3(q) = 3q
(ii)

Let X =
2

2
2
=
=

q

= qX
But 3 +p + q = 0 as is a root
qX + p + q = 0
(qX p) = q
(qX p)2a2 = q2
(qX p)2(qX) = q2
X(qX p)2 = q
(b) (i) gradient of normal at P is t2
c

equation is given by y = t 2 ( x ct )
t

Which leads to the required equation.

c tc 3 c tc 3

(ii) N 2
, 2
t (t 1) t (t 1)
1
t2
(iii) tan NOP =
1
1 2
t
1+

tan ONP =

1+ t2
1+ t2
=
t 2 1
1 t2

Marking Scheme

Comments

(1) correct relationship

(1) correct expansion
(1) correct answer

(1) a2 equation

(1)
(1) correct solution
(1) correct gradient & use of point
gradient formula.

(1) correct coordinates.

(1) Finding angles + (1) conclusion

Can also show PN = OP

ONP is isosceles (equal base angles)

1+ t
NOP = ONP
1 t2

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

13

Question 7 continued
4
(c) (i) y = x
x

Solutions to Questions

Marking Scheme

Comments

(1) correct shape

(1) correct roots & Asymptotes

(ii) y =

f (x)
(1) + (1) for each arm

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

14

Solutions to Questions

Question 8

Marking Scheme

gx 2 sec 2
( by gsec2 / 2V2)
2
2V
2
2V tan
2V 2
2
x
x=
y
g sec 2
g sec 2
By completing the square:

Comments

(a)(i) Since y = x tan

V 2

2V 2
x
sin cos x +
sin cos
g
g

(1) completing the square

2V 2 cos 2
V4
y + 2 sin 2 cos 2
g
g
2

V2

2V 2 cos 2 x
V2
x

sin cos =
y
sin 2

g
g
2g

2
Which is of the form (x h) = 4a(y k).
1
2V 2 cos 2
V 2 cos
=

4
g
2g
Horizontal range when y = 0

gx 2 sec 2
gx sec 2

= 0
x tan
=
0

x tan
2
2V 2
V
2

(ii)

(1)

The focal length is

(1) putting in the form (x h)2 =

4a(y k).

(1) focal length

V 2 sin 2
2V 2 cos V 2 sin 2
since
=
g
2g
g
we get cos = sin2 = 2sin cos ; cos 0

(1) for RANGE

sin = =

(1) answer

ignore x = 0 , then x =

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

15

Solutions to Questions
Question 8 continued
1
(b)(i) ( p + q ) pq .
2
RTP (p + q)2 pq 0
LHS = (p2 + 2pq + q2 4 pq)
= (p q)2 0
1
( p + q)
2
1 p

+
2 q
1 p

+
2 q
(c)(i) see attached
(ii)

pq . now by

q >0

Marking Scheme

Comments

(1) mark

(1) mark

q
p
q

q p as required

2006 JRAHS ME2 TRIALS Solutions

16