Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
V. R. Gupta
Department of Electronics Engineering
Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur.
Acknowledgement
Few slides of this presentation is taken from the
presentation of Dr Subroto Mandal, MD, DM, DC,
Associate Professor, Cardiology.
HISTORY
1842- Italian scientist Carlo Matteucci realizes that
electricity is associated with the heart beat
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Quasi-periodical,
rhythmically
repeating
signal
are standardized in
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibers
The PR Interval
Atrial depolarization
+
delay in AV junction
(AV node/Bundle of His)
Vertically
One large box - 0.5 mV
NORMAL ECG
Electrocardiograph
ECG Leads
Bipolar Leads :
ECG Leads
Einthoven Triangle:
At any given instant of the cardiac cycle, the electrical axis of the heart can be
represented as a two dimensional vector
ECG measured from any of the three basic limb leads is a time-variant singledimensional component of the vector.
ECG Leads
Unipolar Leads :
Limb leads
Precordial Leads
Image Source:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=ecg+waveform&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
&ved=0ahUKEwiAx9yU7vfPAhVCLo8KHVfSALkQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=ecg+lead+placement+in+females&imgrc=
NMRreOO6ZXrYfM%3A
Image Source:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=ecg+waveform&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X
&ved=0ahUKEwiAx9yU7vfPAhVCLo8KHVfSALkQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=normal+ecg+waveform&imgrc=ZkyMl12Of
wPJVM%3A
References
Education.
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design by J. G. Webster, John Wiley and Sons,
4th Edition, 2009.
Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn , 9th edition, Pearson,
2013.
Thank You