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MmJm#o1M13/t
MASS
Laboratoue Asso&
TRANSFER
A LIQUID
FROM SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
IN AGITATED
VESSELS
BOON-LONG,
C N R S No
Chemm
de la Loge, 31 078-Toulouse,
Cbdex,
approach
Influence
INTRODUCTlON
TO
and J P COWDERC
(Received
Abstra&-A
new fundamental
agttated vessels IS presented
water-banzolc
acid system for
Results are compared w&h
LAGLJERIE
oo/a
OF THE FROBKSM
Muslonal
mass transfer from suspended solids m an
ag&ted
vessel has been measured m the case of the
dlssotution of benzoic acid parUcles m water
813
(1)
814
BOON-LONG et al
Table 1
Systemst
Baffles
Partrcle
form
Schnudt
number
Reynolds
number
Water-barmm chloride
Water-naphtalene
No
Tablets
486-2 56 x lob
<67x
10.
>67x104
Water-benzox
acid
Methyl ale -benzotc acid
No
Spheres
HCI-Zn powder
Water-AgNO,
Water-Urea
Water-ammonium
chloride
No
Water-benzcnc acid
Water-bone acid
Sucrose sln-benzotc acid
Sucrose sin-bone acid
Yes
Granulars
Water-benzolc
Yes
Tablets
Iodmc-copper
Yes
Spheres
700-11,300
Yes
Spheres
267-35,000
Water-benzoic
acid
Yes
Pellets
Water-benzolc
acid
Yes
Granulars
tSturers
acid
Spheres
and
Granulars
Refs
103-ld
Correlation
[II
Shr = 2 7 x 10-sRe~~Scaso
ShT = 0 16ReToSco5
PI
Sk = a(Re,)PSc
[31
(d/ T)B
02O<p<O67
-08O<g<-032
Shr = 3 60 x lO*RefSc~X
X = (~).6*(~>,w(!!f)-~8*
735-55 X ld
Iti-lob
[41
Shr = 0 052RemoB3S~05
151
Shr = 3 30Re,,055Sco 3o
0 5 x 104-3x 10s
[8]
Sh =2+0 109[(~)(N~vuJ)llJlo3&
0 07-IOX
[91
Sh=2+047(7)-Sc=
24 x ld-12
x 10.
Sh = 2 + 0 44Re.O sorSco M5
628-1280
50.000
[lOI
l-10
IllI
Sh = [2 + 0 4(,/v)Sc]&
(& IS a shape factor)
626
Recapltulatmg
the above vanables, the coefficient
mass transfer k, could be expected to be a function
nme Independent variables
k =f(T,d,ps
Ihmenslonal
analysts
-p.p.cL,D.w,M,g)
of
of
2
-
(3)
EQurpMwpFANDcENERALPRolXDuWC
Ftgure 1 IS a schematlc representation
of the equipment, the dlmenslons of which are summarized in Table
2
The aetator IS a standard six-bladed disc turbme posltloned m the vessel axis, at the center between bottom
and top of the still hquld The vessel IS cylmdncal. flat
bottomed and with four batTies at 90, extending over the
entve height of the tank
The general expenmental procedure IS sunple
The vessel IS filled W&I dlstllled water up to a level
equal to Its diameter and the temperature adjusted at the
value requued, without any particular regulatmg system
this temperature never vaned more than two tenths of a
degree dunng any one of the expenments performed
Fig
Ql
(cm)
S
(cm)
L
(cm)
W
(cm)
no
63 4
400
29 0
19 0
90
210
13 3
97
63
30
I5 8
100
73
47
23
53
33
24
16
08
43
27
19
13
06
6
6
6
6
6
Before mtroducmg
the solid partlcles in the vessel,
they are weighed and then wetted to avold any problem
of aa bubble adherence
on their surface,
the correspondmg mass transfer IS nedble
At the end of the experunent, the sohd particles are
quickly recovered, dned and reweighed
The mass transfer coefficrent IS determmed using eqn
(2) For a dlssolutlon process, the dnvmg potential IS
AC = C. - C The saturation concentration
C. is only a
function of temperature and C IS calculated knowing the
mass dissolved m and the liquid volume Experimental
condlhons have been chosen so that only a small fraction
of the mltlal solids 1s dissolved
dunng each run (the
815
RESULT!4
All expenmental
results are presented
Detailed data can be found in Ref 1153
in Figs
so-
ZCO-
S/r
I50
b,
15
R?
Fig 2 Effect of Reynolds number dp = 0 29 cm, I, T = 63 4 cm, A, T = 40 0 cm, 0, T = 29 0 cm. & T = 19 0 cm.
0, T=90cm
MO-
9r
0
0
X
Is0
I+g
3 Effect
of
geometrwai
ratlo
T/d
2-7
0,
CD_-
IO*
816
BOON-LONG
et al
x80
400
mo
300600
g)39ooKJoo
I300
2ooo
SC
Fig
5 Effect
Rg
of Schrnldt
number
group
A. Re=27.600.
Re = 183.MJ0, Go = US,ooO, 0.
partlcuks
Gu=6SOxId.
0,
X. with Inert
Re=
numbers
by drawmg
mcrease
str&t
817
vessels
FU
7 Comparrson
with previous
Treybal[4], 0, Askew and Beckman[5],
al Cl11
works
x. Barker and
0. Levms [9], A. Sano ur
vertical lines, to determine the variations of the Sherwood number as a function of T/d at constant Reynolds
number (see Fig 3) Although the results are not so clear,
it seems that the mass transfer rate increases slightly
with the ratio 7Yd
As a llrst approximation,
this slight influence will be
neglected in the following experimental determinations
of the Galldeo number
Two dtierent vessel diameters were used in this investigation
Particle diameters were varied from 2 2 to
4 3 mm while all other dimensronless
groups were kept
constant It is interesting to note, on Fig 4, that the data
for the two dlaerent
vessel diameters
fall in close
agreement, this supports the hypothesis of no influence
of Tld
Figure 4 shows that the Sherwood number increases
with the Gahleo number, on a logarithmic plot, expenmental
data are conveniently
represented by a straight
line
Efect
by varymg
the
temperature of dissolution
To keep all other dlmensionless groups constant it IS necessary
to vary also the
particles diameter and water viscosity
The corresponding procedure IS as follows
-let
dr, N,, pl, 8, be the imtzal particle diameter,
agitator velocity, water viscosity and temperature,
the
corresponding 5oups
are Re,, Ga,, SC, The Sherwood
number Sh, IS measured
-a
second experiment
will be performed with the
same solids, of smaller diameter d2 It 1s possible to
determine the new vmzoslty p2 which gwes Ga2 = Gal,
there follows the temperature e2 A convenient choice of
veloctty N2 allows then Re2 = Re, At a new Schmidt
number value SCI corresponds Sha
OF DATA
preceding
graphical
representations
constitute
only a first approach to the problem of mass transfer in
agitated vessels Indeed it must be recalled that parameters
have been kept constant only approximately and dso that
the shght mfluence of the geometrical ratio T/d has been
neglected through the major part of the analysis Nevertheless this first study clearly shows that a power law type
equation would conveniently
represent the correlations
between all the adimensional groups mvolved
The numerical treatment of the 194 experimental runs
in that work, using the minimising of a quadratic cntenon of deviation then leads to
The
,& = 0 04me028Ga0
173~-0011(Tld)0019SCO~l
300~sc-=2,000
It must be recalled that the effect of the densgty
niimber has not been studied and is included in tbe
numerical constant 0 046
It may be noted that thus new treatment of the results
818
BOON-LANG e& al
Sohd-hqurd mass transfer in agitated vessels IS a subject of major interest for which it exists a great confusion m the choice of theoretical supports, forms of
correlatrons and even lists of variables
T vessel diameter, L
p1 =(&)/(p&),
solid concentration
group
V vessel volume, L
W stvrer balde width, L
W,
baffle width. L
819
or quantity
Greek symbols
/A vlscoslty
of hquld, M L- T-
Y kinematic vlscosdy, L* T-
p denstty of hqutd, M L-
p. density of acid particles, M L-
stirrer angular velocity = 2lrN. T-
u
NOTATION
surface area, L*
mean surface area, L*
concentration, M L--
concentration at saturation, M Le3
Logarrthmlc mean of drlvmg forces, M L-
particle diameter, L
sturer diameter. L
dlffuslvlty, L2 T-
gravltafional constant, L T-*
= (P%d)l(~)
hquid depth, L
stllfer clearance, L
mass transfer coefficient, L T-
stvrer blade length, L
we&t
loss per umt time, M T-
total mass of particle, M
= (P. - P)/P, density group
number of particles
number of bafRes
number of stu-rer baldes
sturer speed, T-
= (dTwlr)l(~). Reynolds number (referred to
particle)
Rem = (Nda2p)/(p), Reynolds number (referred to
sturer)
ReT = (NT*p)/(p), Reynolds number (referred to
vessel)
S turbine diameter, L
SC = (p)/(pD), Schmidt number
Sh = (kd)/(Dv), Sherwood number (referred to
particle)
Sh, = (kDa)/(D,). Sherwood number (referred to
sturer)
= (kT)/(D,), Sherwood number (referred to
Shr
vessel)
REFZlWNCE3
1941 33
Engng
Kyoto Unwerslty 1958 20 72
131 Nagata S , Yamaguchr I and Yabuta S , Mem Fat Engng
Kyoto Uarverslfy 1960 22 86
19606289
141 BarkerJ J andTreybaIR E,AIChEJ
151 Askew W S and Beckman R B , Ind Engng Chem Proc
Des Dev 19654311
KeeyR B andGlenJ B,AIChEJ
1966I2401
Weinspach P hi , Chem Ing Tech I%7 39 231
Sykes P and Gomezplata A, Can J Chem Enann
- - 1967 45
189
the
the
the
_
National Pblytcchmque, Toulouse (1976)
Ml Nlenow A W , Chem Engng Scr 1968 2.3 1453
(171 Zwtetermg Th N , Chem Engng SCI 1958 8 244
1181Boune J R and Shama R N , 1st Europ Conf MU
Centnfugaf Separ St Johns College, Cambridge. September
1974
A W , Can J Chem Engng I%9 47 248
r191 &now
V , Thesis Docteur de Sp6ctaht6, UtuWI Vanadurongwan
verslte Paul Sabatter, Toulouse (1976)
C and Couderc J P , Can J
[211 Vanadurottgwan V , kguerie
andNelsonD
G,AIChEJ
19643415
E221HaddenA
[231 Le Lan A , Thesis, Doctorat dEtat, Umverstte Paul Sabatier. Toulouse (1973)
[241 N~enow A W, Chem Engng Set 1975 9 153
E W , Transport
I251 Bud R B , Steward W E and L&foot
Phenomena Wtley, New York (1960)
1261 Danckwerts P V , Ind Engng Chem 1951 43 1460
[27] &or H L and Marchello J M , A ICh EJ 1958 4 97