Reference

Calculation

Output

Ac

= Area of concrete

Acc

= Area of concrete in compression

As
As min

= Area of tension reinforcement

= Minimum area of tension reinforcement

av

= Length of that part of member traversed by shear failure plane

= With (breath) or effective width of section

= Cover to outer diameter

d
Fc

= Effective depth of section

Ft

= Basic force used in defining tie forces

fcu

= Characteristic strength of concrete

fs

= Estimated design service stress in the tension reinforcement

fy

= Characteristic strength of reinforcement

= Shear modulus

H
Hx

= Maximum horizontal force

Hy

= Horizontal force in y direction

= Overall depth

KEL

= Knife edge load

L
lx

= Critical perimeter

ly

= Dimension of element on y direction

lz

= Dimension of element on z direction

M
Mx

= Design ultimate resistance moment

My

= Moment on y axis

Mz

= Moment on z axis

= Surcharge load

= Internal radius of bend

SLS

= Serviceability limit state

= Traction force

= Thickness of the element

ULS

= Ultimate limit state

= Shear force due to design ultimate loads or design ultimate value of a

= Basic force used in defining compressive forces

= Horizontal force in x direction

= Dimension of element on x direction

= Moment on x axis

= concentrated load
v

= Design shear stress

vc

= Design shear stress in concrete

= Neutral axis depth

x'

= Distance from Y axis to the centroid of an element

y'

= Distance from X axis to the centroid of an element

= Lever arm

z'

= Distance from X - Y plane to point where the considered resultant

= force acting

= Coefficient, variously defined, as appropriate

= Soil friction angle, or diameter

fL
f 3

= Partial load factor

D
E
C

DESIGN UNIT
EPC DIVISION

= Strain in tension reinforcement

= Nominal range of movement
= Active earth pressure
= Unit weight of soil
= Partial load factor

Doc. No.
Designed
Checked

Date
Date

D
E
C

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

Job Code

Page

Reference

Calculation

Output

Design of Box Culvert

Ground Level
X
hs

hw

hw

h
l

hs

Figure 01
Dimentional Properties
h

1.8 m

3.6 m

0.6 m

Safe Bearing Pressure

150 kN/m2

Section Thickness

0.4 m

Soil Cover ,

Main R/F

( hw , h

16 mm

Cover to R/F

45 mm

Grade of Concrete

25 N/mm2

24 kN/m3

20 kN/m3

9.81 kN/m3

'

span/(10 ~15))

Properties of Soil

25

1 - Permanent Loads
1.1

Dead Loads
The nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the materials and the
part of the structure

Structural

Unit Weight of Concrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m3

Engineering

Becouse of the arching of soil, check whether the depth above culvert is

Design in

> 3 x width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to 3 x width )

preactice
(Roger -

Depth of cover (H)

westbrook)

3 x

width

3 x

width

(page-94)
Depth limited to

>

0.6
3

2.6

7.8

0.6

0.6

0.6

So

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
qr

12

20
kN/m2

Soil
Engineering

Casses of conduit installation consider as Ditch Conduit

(Spangler &

Ditch Conduit

Handy)

A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relatively narrow

ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered with earth
backfill.
Maximum load on ditch condition
Depth of cover

0.6

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr)
(qr)

Cd

'

Cd..Bd2
1-e-2K'(H/Bd)
2.K.'
tan '
1-sin
1+sin

'

coedicient of friction between fill material

and side of ditch

Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient

Bd

Horizontal width of ditch at top of conduit

Unit weight (wet density) of filling material

Height of fill above top of conduite

Cd

Load coeficient for ditch condition

So, K

1-sin

Bd =

3.60

m, Consider 1m length of Roof slab

1+sin
=
'

=
=

2.K.'.(H/Bd)
Cd

Structural

1.2

0.406
tan '
0.466

0.06

0.162

(qr)

Cd..Bd2

(qr)

11.6

kN/m2

Horizontal Earth Pressure

Engineering
Design in

If the backfill properties are known,

preactice

If wall friction is to be ignored

( = 0 )

(Roger westbrook)

K0

1-sin '

0.577

(page-94)

Ka

( 1-sin ' ) / ( 1+sin ' )

0.406

q max

qep

AASHTO

.Ka.h

20

40.59

0.406 x

20

35.72

qmax - qep

4.87

0.406 x
kN/m2

kN/m2

2 - Vertical Live Loads

3.7.1
For Fill Depths H 8 feet (2400 mm) and Culvert Clear Span Length,
The effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill is more than
8 feet
3 - Hydrostatic Pressure (Internal)
q ip

C.h

9.81

39.24

5.0

kN/m2

4
kN/m2

4.4

4-

Analysis

Reinforced
Concrete

Constant K

1.82

Manual

k1

K+1

2.82

(ref-5.1)

k3

K+3

4.82

k5

2K+3

6.64

k7

2K+7

10.64

k8

3K+8

13.45

Designers

4.1
4.1.1
Reinforced

MA

hs

hw

Load Case -01 Testing Condition

Hydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)

MB

qip.h2.K.k7

Concrete

MC

MD

Ma. K8

18.852 kN.m/m

60.k1.k3

Designers

14.9

k7

kN.m/m

Manual

(ref-5.1)

qip

D
q = qip
Pressures

4.1.2

B.M.D

Flexure due to weight of wall

Wall weight ( G )

hw..h

=
Reinforced

MA

MB

Concrete

q1 =

38.4 kN/m

2.G

q1.l2.K

1.60

kN/m2

l.hw
MC

MD

12.k1.k3

Designers

29.54

Ma. K5
K

kN.m/m

-5.82

kN.m/m

Manual
(ref-5.1)

D
q1
Pressures

B.M.D

4.1.3

Flexure due to weight of Roof

=

hs.c

9.6

kN/m2

D
q = q1
Pressures

MA

MB

B.M.D

MC

MD

q.l2
12.k1

-1.37

kN.m/m

Addition of moment for Load case 01

Position

Hydrostatic

A and B

14.90

1.4

C and D

18.85

Roof midSpan
Base midSpan
Walls
middle

Walls

Roof

Walls +
Roof

uls-Mb

20.86

1.60

-1.37

0.22

1.4

0.31

21.17

1.4

26.39

-5.82

-1.37

-7.20

1.4

-10.08

16.32

14.90

1.4

20.86

1.60

6.03

1.4

8.44

29.31

18.85

1.4

26.39

16.48

1.4

23.07

49.47

1.4

-34.62

-3.49

1.4

-4.88

-39.50

*
-24.73

uls-

Mb

**
4.43

**

**

12.05

4.43

-2.11

-1.37

Table - 01
Fixed end mement of the wall for Hydrostatic load

MA

W.L

MC

15
=

W.L
10

20.93 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

31.39 kN.m/m
W.L
23.3

-13.5 kN.m/m

* Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by aproximatly by adding

moment transferred to mid span from FEM to the Maximum negative meoment
occurred at 0.45L after moment distribution
**

Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full bending

Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load
Niutral axis depth from A

0.47

Total

uls

4.2

Load Case -02 Culvert empty and trench filled

Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to flexture in the structure
"q"is the rectanguler pressure and "qep" is the triangular pressure

4.2.1

Trianguler Pressure,qep

Reinforced
Concrete

MA

MB

qep.h2.K.k7

Designers

MC

MD

MA. K8

60.k1.k3

Manual

k7

-13.56 kN.m/m

-17.16 kN.m/m

(ref-5.1)

qep

qep

Pressures

4.2.2

B.M.D

Surcharge on walls,q
MA

MB

Reinforced

MC

q.h2.K

Concrete

MD

12.k1

Designers

-4.19 kN.m/m

D
B.M.D

Pressures

Manual

4.2.3

(ref-5.1)

MA

Surcharge on Roof ,qr

=

MB

=
=

MC

MD

q.l2
12.k1

-1.66

kN.m/m

D
B.M.D

Pressures
Addition of moment for Load Case 2
Walls &
Surcharg
Roof(LC-1) -e (Roof)

Total
(Survice)

-1.66

-19.20

1.4

-26.88

-7.20

-1.66

-30.21

1.4

-42.29

-4.19

6.03

5.37

-6.35

1.4

-8.89

-4.19

16.48

5.37

0.51

1.4

0.71

-3.49

-1.66

19.22

1.4

26.91

Posotion

qep

A and B

-13.56

-4.19

0.22

C and D

-17.16

-4.19

Roof midSpan

-13.56

Base midSpan

-17.16

Walls middle

**

18.82

5.55

Total

U.L.S.

Fixed end mement of the wall due to qep

MA

W.L

MC

15
=

10

19.05 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment

(Where x is 0.45L from C)

4.2.1

28.57 kN.m/m

W.L
23.3

=
4.2

W.L

-12.3 kN.m/m

Load Case -03

This is load case 02 + Hydrostatic load from Load case 01

Posotion

L.C.02
(Service)

Hydrost.
Total (Service)
(Service)

L.C.02
(U.L.S.)

Hydrost.
(U.L.S.)

A and B

-19.20

14.90

-4.29

-26.88

20.86

-6.01

C and D

-30.21

18.85

-11.36

-42.29

26.39

-15.90

Roof midSpan

-6.35

14.90

8.55

-8.89

20.86

11.97

Base midSpan

0.51

18.85

19.36

0.71

26.39

27.10

Walls middle

19.22

-24.73

-5.51

26.91

-34.62

-7.71

5 - Check on ground safe bearing pressure

5.1

Load Case -01

Hydrostatic Pressure

39.24

kN/m2

Weight of walls

29.54

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

19.20

kN/m2

Total Pressure

87.98

kN/m2

Total Pressure

5.2

<

150

hence ok

kN/m2

Load Case -02

Weight of walls

29.54

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

19.20

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof

12.00

kN/m2

Total Pressure

60.74

kN/m2

Total Pressure

5.3

Load Case -03

<

150

kN/m2

hence ok

Total

(U.L.S.)

Weight of walls

29.54

kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor

19.20

kN/m2

Surcharge on Roof

12.00

kN/m2

Hydrostatic Pressure

39.24

kN/m2

70.44

kN/m2

Total Pressure
Total Pressure

<

150

hence ok

kN/m2

6 - U.L.S. of Flexture
Maximum Moments kN.m/m
Member

Hogging

Sagging

Roof

-26.88

(L.C-01)

11.97

(L.C-03)

Walls

-42.29

(L.C-02)

26.91

(L.C-02)

Base

-42.29

(L.C-02)

27.10

(L.C-03)

i - Slabs
Maximum Moment
6-

24.15

kN.m/m

Design Calculation for Box Culvert

6.1

U.L.S. of Flexture

Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading
arrangements to find out the maximum effect on the Box culvert
Diameter of main reinforcement

Diameter of secondary reinforcement

Section Thickness
Maximum Bending Moment

16

mm

16

mm

400

mm

24.15

kN.m/m

Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

=

Cover
=

Effective depth, d

400

45 -

45

= 347

347

M / (bd2fcu)

(24.15x106 /(1000x1492x25)

mm
mm

mm

0.008

2
<

0.156

Hence no compression r/f is required

M

= (0.87fy)Asz

equation 1

= (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d

equation 5

from these two equations

d (0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2

d [0.5+(0.25-0.044/0.9) 1/2

343.88

>

0.950

Take Z as 0.95d
Z

0.95

0.95

= 330

347

mm

6.1.1 Design of main reinforcement

As

= M / 0.87fyz
As req

= 24.15 x106 / 0.87x460x142

=
Use

183
16

mm /m
2

150

183
( As

1340

As pro

mm2/m

mm2/m
=

1340

mm2/m

Minimum area of main rainforcement for slabs

100As / bad

= 100x452/(1000x149)

= 0.39

>

0.13

Main r/f
T

Hence o.k
6.2

Design for Shear Reinforcement

16

150

Check shear in U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

Take Load case 02
Shear across support

Therefore shear in the support

60.74

Wt of Base x f )

47.298462 kN/m2

47.298462 x

28.38

1.2 /2

kN/m

Design shear force, V design

Effective depth, d

Tension steel across shear plane

Y12 -250 c/c

100 x 452

100 As/bd

28.38 kN/m
347

mm

1000x149

BS 8110

Effective depth

Part 01

vc

table 3.1

Design shear stress

0.39

347

0.79x{(100As/bd)1/3.(400/d)1/4/1.25

0.477

V/bd

(65.45x103)/(1000x149)

=
v
6.3

mm

0.08

<

N/mm2

vc Hence o.k

Check in U.L.S. on the ability of the wall to trasmit the axial loads

Bs 8110

Treat as a column with bending at right angle to wall

3.9.3.6.2

Check h/hw

3.4.4.1

0.4

10

<

12

hence column is short

BS 8110 indicates that the effect of the axial load may be ignored if this force does
not exceed 0.1.fcu.(c.s.a.)
hence

0.1.fcu.(C.S.A)

Ultimate Load /m/Wall

0.1

1200

1/2(

30

60

400

kN/m
12.0
+

0.4

kN/m

<

x 1.4
4

x 24x1.4 )

1200 kN/m

hence o.k.
The above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not
mass concrete
vertical R/F provided

so Area

Percentage of Concrete area

16

2010.6

mm2

2010.6

1000 x
=
This is

>

Minimum of 0.4%

200

2 Layers

100
347

0.579 % >

0.4 %

hence o.k.

Doc. No.
C

Dam Safety
E
Environmental &
B

Designed
Checked

S.M.P

Date

31.05.2010

Date

11/10/2016

E
B
Civil Structure Maintanance
Reference

Job Code
Calculation

Page

7
Output