EQUATIONS OF STATE

Ideal Gas
(Only valid for gas at low pressure conditions)

Pv RT
Van der Waals

RT
a
2
v b v

or P 2 v b RT
v

Relation with Z = compressibility factor:

Pv
b
a
Z
1

RT
v b RTv
27 R 2Tc2
a
64 Pc

and

RTc
8Pc

For mixtures:

a xi ai

and

b xibi

Van der Waals EOS, in term of Z:

Z 3 B 1Z 2 AZ AB 0

with

bP
RT

and

aP
RT 2

Redlich-Kwong

RT
a
0.5
v b T vv b

Relation with Z = compressibility factor:

a / R 2T 2.5 b / v
Pv
1

RT 1 b / v b / RT 1 b / v
0.4278R 2Tc2.5
a
Pc

and

0.0867 RTc
Pc

For mixtures:

a xi ai

and

b xibi

Redlich-Kwong EOS, in term of Z:

Z 3 Z 2 A B 2 B Z AB 0

with

bP
RT

and

aP
RT 2

Peng-Robinson

RT
aT
P

v b vv b bv b
Relation with Z = compressibility factor:

Pv
1
aT

RT 1 b / v v b b1 b / v RT

0.45724 R 2Tc2
aT
T
Pc

and

0.0778RTc
Pc

T 1 / 2 1 0.37464 1.54226 0.26992 2 1

T
Tc

For mixtures:

a xi ai

b xibi

and

Peng-Robinson EOS, in term of Z:

Z 3 B 1Z 2 A 3B2 2B Z B2 B3 AB 0

with

bP
RT

and

aP
RT 2

Benedict-Webb-Rubbin (BWR)
2
Co 2

3
6
3 1 d
P RTd Bo RT Ao 2 d bRT a d ad cd
exp d 2
2
T
T

Relation with Z = compressibility factor:

A
C
Pv
a
Z
Bo o o 2 d b
RT
RT RT
RT

where

2
2 a 5
2 1 d
d cd
exp d 2
d
3
RT
RT

1
;
v

Bo, Ao, Co, b, a, c, , are emphirical constants

for each substances.

For mixtures, use appropriate mixing rules such as:

Bo xi Boi

x b

1/ 3 3

1/ 3 3

Calculations of other properties from EOS

Assignment
1)Use NIST software to calculate Z for Natural Gas as examples conditions
(pseudocritical method). Compare with these two methods and PR-EOS
method.
2)Use NIST software, and PR-EOS method to calculate density of LNG as
an example above. Discuss the results !