s

PTD M SP/5510.80/M
Erlangen, 20.01.2005

Damping resistor against relaxion oscillations (ferro-resonance)

In three-phase systems, the residual voltage windings (da-dn winding) 1 of inductive voltage
transformers (VT) are connected in broken delta for the purpose of attaching a resistor for
damping relaxation oscillations.
L1
L2
L3
a

da

da

da

dn

dn

dn

max.
110 V

RD

typical values I : 4 / 6 / 8 A

1.

Default values of resistors

The table lists customary values of damping resistors. The selection is the result which follows
the thermal limiting output (or rated long-duration current) of the da-dn winding of the voltage
transformer.
da-dn winding of the voltage transformer

Damping resistor
2

Thermal limiting output

Rated long duration current

75 W

4A

25 Ohm / 500 W

100 W

6A

25 Ohm / 500 W

150 W

8A

12,5 Ohm / 1 kW

If these default values do not match the requirements, other values can be calculated.

2.

Calculation of the damping resistance

The damping resistance can be calculated with the data given by the nameplate of the voltage
transformer.
Data:

Rated thermal limiting out put Ssr for 8 h

Rated voltage Usr of the da-dn winding (formerly e-n winding )

Demanded:

smallest value of the damping resistance RD

Heat dissipation (thermal rating) of the damping resistor

1
2
3

Formerly also the term e-n winding was used.

The term rated long duration current still is commonly used, but replaced by rated thermal limiting output in the
current edition of the VT standard. Both terms describe the same issue.
Two resis tors 25 Ohm in parallel connection.

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The damping resistance has to match the requirement that neither the resistor nor the voltage
transformer is overloaded, also under earth fault conditions.

3.

Symbols and indices

U
S
P
R

Voltage
Apparent power
Active power
Resistance

4.

D
r
s
V

Damping
Rated value
secondary
Power dissipation

Normal, undisturbed service

Voltage at the terminals of a single da-dn winding: U2 = Usr (rated voltage)
Example: Rated secondary voltage U 2r =

100
V
3

Voltage at the broken delta: U = 0 V, symmetrical, undisturbed service

System voltage
L2

Voltage at the da-dn winding

L3

0
10

Undisturbed service

UL1

3
UL V
/3

UL
2

L1

Uda-dn = 0 V

)V
0/3
10
(

L2
3
Ue
1,1

L2

Ue
L

Ue

Service with
earth fault in L1

L3

L2

dn

Service under earth fault condition

Values at the terminals of a single da-dn winding:

[F1]
[F2]
[F3]

110 V
da

L1

5.

Ue
L

Voltage

U se = 1,1 3 U sr = 1,9 U sr

Current

S
I se = 1,9 I sr = 1,9 sr
U sr

Apparent power

S se = U se I se = 1,9 S sr
2

Factors:
1,1

Voltage factor
at fault location

Earth-fault factor

1,9

Rated voltage factor

1,9 = 1,1 x 3

Rated voltage factor: multiple of the rated primary voltage at which the VT must comply with the relevant thermal
requirements for a specified time and with the relevant accuracy requirements.

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F2: with constant load resistance the 1,9-times voltage during earth fault causes a 1,9-times
current through the winding.
The rated thermal limiting output S2r relates to undisturbed, normal service. S2r is a rated value,
however, does not represent the actual load carrying capacity of the winding! In fact, the
residual voltage winding (da-dn winding) can be loaded with 3,6-times the rated thermal limiting
output over 8 hours.

Values at the terminals of the broken delta:

[F4]

Voltage

U = 3 1,1 3 U sr = 3,3 U sr

[F5]

Apparent power

S = 3,3 U sr 1,9

[F6]

Current

I = I se

6.

Typical value for Usr:

100
V
3

S sr
= 6,3 S sr
U sr
Maximum permissible value

Damping resistor

The value of the resistance is calculated by [F4] and [F5]:

[F7]

Resistance

[F8]

Power dissipation

7.

U 2
U sr2
RD
= 3
S
S sr
PV

(3,3 U sr )2

RD and PV are the

minimum permissible
values

RD

Worked sample

Data give on the nameplate of the voltage transformer:

-

rated secondary voltage of the residual voltage winding Usr

100 V / 3

rated thermal limiting output Ssr

( corresponds to the former rated long duration current

100 VA
6A)

=> Damping resistance RD (according to F7)

Power dissipation PV (according to F8)

19,2
630 W |19,2

Usually, for example a 25-Ohm-resistor is used, load carrying capacity 500 W (or higher).

8.
Sources
- Documents by Peter Dorsch and Dr. Kerstin Kunde
- IEC 60044-2

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Edition: 20.01.2005