Juan Antonio Arenas Alarcn 2 STI

TECHNICAL REPORT OF
LESSON 1 - PRCTICE 1:
FIRST STEPS WITH LABVIEW

EXERCISE 1: Introduction to the spectrum analyzer

At first, I will show a basic signal visualization through the software Multisim at time and
frequency domain:
I open the program and select the components:
ABM voltage

Ground

Spectrum Analyzer

Then I enter the value (equation) into the Voltage Value field of the ABM source:

I connect the elements a press play; at this point, we can check the frequencies and
magnitudes of spikes using the cursors in the spectrum analyzer:

Spike 1: 1.000 kHz y 10.000 V

Spike 2: 30.000 kHz y 4.999 V

Spike 3: 60.000 kHz y 9.995 V

We can see the amplitude of spikes that are correct with the equation (10, 5 and 10 V), and the
frequencies (1, 30 and 60 KHz). The sine signals in real practice, we see that are not perfect
spikes, but we can identify them well.

EXERCISE 2: Fourier analysis in MULTISIM

In this exercise 2, I will briefly demonstrate how to use Multisims other way of analysing
circuits in the frequency domain.

Now, I analyse a periodic signal of my own making generated by the PIECEWISE_LINEAR_

VOLTAGE source:

Enter data points in table that make length of the signal 0.05 seconds, then checkmark
Repeat data during simulation box at the bottom of the PWL window, to make the PWL
signal periodic.

Now I enter to Simulate->Analyses->Transient Analyses. I put start time zero seconds, and end
time at 0.1 seconds. I add Voltage as output value, and press simulate:

We can see in the transient analyses that the voltage vary from 0 to 1 V and the time signal go
from 0 to 0.1 seconds.

Next I enter in Simulate->Analyses->Fourier Analyses, in the Fourier analysis section I enter 20Hz
as frequency resolution, 5 harmonics and 0.3 seconds to stop time sampling.

I see that the Fourier analyses give me perfect spikes in the spectrum, but we can only see 3
spikes at 20, 60 and a very little in 100 Hz, cause in 40 and 80 Hz the spikes magnitudes are so
little. That happens because the Fourier analyses takes estimations for the frequencies and stop
time for sampling, that dont always work and when it happen often provide incorrect values or
plain incorrect values.

EXERCISE 3: Analysis of a Square Wave

In this exercise 3, I will add a series of sine waves in succession to see the gradual
production of a square wave.

I build the circuit with ABM_VOLTAGE source, a spectrum analyzer and an oscilloscope, like
this:

I will get a view of the signal I will create in both the time domain and the frequency domain
using to use the cursors to explore the frequency peaks in the spectrum analyzer output and the
frequency and amplitude of the overall waveform in the oscilloscope screen.

The First Harmonic

The first harmonic equation I will introduce in ABM Voltage Value is 2*2/PI*sin(10000 * 2 * PI *
TIME):

I can see in the oscilloscope the continuous sine signal, and in the spectrum analyzer the spike of
the first harmonic, with the corresponding amplitude in Voltage.

The First and Third Harmonics

The first harmonic equation I will introduce in ABM Voltage Value is 2*2/PI*sin(10000 * 2 * PI *
TIME)+ 2*2/(3*PI)*sin(30000 * 2 * PI * TIME):

I can see in the oscilloscope the continuous sines signals, and in the spectrum analyzer the
spikes of the first and third harmonics, with the corresponding amplitudes in Voltage decreasing.

The First through Fifth Harmonics

The first harmonic equation I will introduce in ABM Voltage Value is 2*2/PI*sin(10000 * 2 * PI *
TIME)+ 2*2/(3*PI)*sin(30000 * 2 * PI * TIME)+ 2*2/(5*PI)*sin(50000 * 2 * PI * TIME):

I can see in the oscilloscope the continuous sines signals, and in the spectrum analyzer the spikes of
the fifth and third harmonics, with the corresponding amplitudes in Voltage decreasing.

The First through Seventh Harmonics

The first harmonic equation I will introduce in ABM Voltage Value is 2*2/PI*sin(10000 * 2 * PI *
TIME)+ 2*2/(3*PI)*sin(30000 * 2 * PI * TIME)+ 2*2/(5*PI)*sin(50000 * 2 * PI * TIME)+
2*2/(7*PI)*sin(70000 * 2 * PI * TIME):

I can see in the oscilloscope the continuous sines signals, and in the spectrum analyzer the spikes of
the first and seventh harmonics, with the corresponding amplitudes in Voltage decreasing.

The First through Ninth Harmonics

The first harmonic equation I will introduce in ABM Voltage Value is 2*2/PI*sin(10000 * 2 * PI *
TIME)+ 2*2/(3*PI)*sin(30000 * 2 * PI * TIME)+ 2*2/(5*PI)*sin(50000 * 2 * PI * TIME)+
2*2/(7*PI)*sin(70000 * 2 * PI * TIME):

I can see in the oscilloscope the continuous sines signals, and in the spectrum analyzer the spikes of
the first and ninth harmonics, with the corresponding amplitudes in Voltage decreasing.
At last, the sum of all harmonics will build a square signal, and the spikes trend to zero volts.