Chapter 23: Electric Fields

10. Two small beads having positive charges 3q and q

are fixed at the opposite ends of a horizontal,
insulating rod, extending from the origin to the
point x = d. As shown in Figure P23.10, a third small
charged bead is free to slide on the rod. At what
position is the third bead in equilibrium? Can it be
in stable equilibrium?

18. Three charges are at the corners of an equilateral

triangle as shown in Figure P23.7. (a) Calculate the
electric field at the position of the 2.00-C charge
due to the 7.00-C and 4.00-C charges. (b) Use
your answer to part (a) to determine the force on the
2.00-C charge.

Figure P23.10
11. Review problem. In the Bohr theory of
thehydrogen atom, an electron moves in a circular
orbit about a proton, where the radius of the orbit
is 0.529 1010 m. (a) Find the electric force between
the two. (b) If this force causes the centripetal
acceleration of the electron, what is the speed of the
electron?

Figure P23.7
19. Three point charges are arranged as shown in Figure
P23.19. (a) Find the vector electric field that the 6.00nC and 3.00-nC charges together create at the origin.
(b) Find the vector force on the 5.00-nC charge.

14. An object having a net charge of 24.0 C is placed

in a uniform electric field of 610 N/C directed
vertically. What is the mass of this object if it
floats in the field?
15. In Figure P23.15, determine the point (other than
infinity) at which the electric field is zero.

Figure P23.19
Figure P23.15
17. Two point charges are located on the x axis. The
first is a charge +Q at x = a. The second is an
unknown charge located at x = +3a. The net electric
field these charges produce at the origin has a
magnitude of 2keQ/a2. What are the two possible
values of the unknown charge?

Chapter 24: Gausss Law

1.

Consider a closed triangular box resting within a

horizontal electric field of magnitude E= 7.80 x 104
N/C as shown in Figure 1. Calculate the electric flux
through (a) the vertical rectangular surface, (b) the
slanted surface, and (c) the entire surface of the box.

and outer radius c, and having a net charge Q , as

shown in Figure 3. (a) Construct a spherical gaussian
surface of radius r > c and find the net charge
enclosed by this surface. (b) What is the direction of
the electric field at r > c? (c) Find the electric field at r
> c. (d) Find the electric field in the region with radius
r where c > r > b. (e) Construct a spherical gaussian
surface of radius r, where c > r > b, and find the net
charge enclosed by this surface. (f) Construct a
spherical gaussian surface of radius r, where b > r > a,
and find the net charge enclosed by this surface. (g)
Find the electric field in the region b > r > a. (h)
Construct a spherical gaussian surface of radius r < a,
and find an expression for the net charge enclosed by
this surface, as a function of r. Note that the charge
inside this surface is less than 3Q. (i) Find the electric
field in the region r < a. (j) Determine the charge on
the inner surface of the conducting shell. (k)
Determine the charge on the outer surface of the
conducting shell. (l) Make a plot of the magnitude of
the electric field versus r.

Figure 1
2. A cone with base radius R and height h is located on
a horizontal table. A horizontal uniform field E
penetrates the cone, as shown in Figure 2.
Determine the electric flux that enters the left-hand
side of the cone.

Figure 2
Figure 3

3. Consider a long, cylindrical charge distribution of

radius R with uniform charge density . Find the
electrical field at distance r from the axis, where r <
R.
4.

5.

A long, straight wire is surrounded by a hollow

metal cylinder whose axis coincides with that of the
wire. The wire has a charge per unit length of , and
the cylinder has a net charge per unit length of 2.
From this information, use Gausss law to find (a)
the charge per unit length on the inner and outer
surfaces of the cylinder and (b) the electric field
outside the cylinder, a distance r from the axis.
A solid insulating sphere of radius a carries a net
positive charge 3Q, uniformly distributed
throughout its volume. Concentric with this sphere
is a conducting spherical shell with inner radius b

6.

A long non conducting cylinder (radius= 12cm) has a

charge of uniform density (5 nC/m3) distributed
throughout its volume. Determine the magnitude of the
electric field 5 cm from the axis of the cylinder.

7.

Charge of uniform density (40 pC/m2) is distributed on a

spherical surface (radius = 1.0 cm) and a second concentric
spherical surface (radius = 3cm) carries a uniform charge
density of 60 pC/m2. What is the magnitude of the electric
field at a point 2.0 cm from the center of the two surfaces?

8.

Charge of uniform density (20 nC/m2) is distributed over

a cylindrical surface (radius = 1.0 cm) and a second coaxial
surface (radius = 3.0 cm) carries a uniform charge density
of -12 nC/m2. Determine the magnitude of the electric field
at a point 2.0 cm from the symmetry axis of the two
surfaces.

Chapter 25: Electric Potential

7.

An electron moving parallel to the x axis has an

initial speed of 3.70 106 m/s at the origin. Its speed
is reduced to 1.40 105 m/s at the point x = 2.00 cm.
Calculate the potential difference between the
origin and that point. Which point is at the higher
potential?

15. (a) Find the potential at a distance of 1.00 cm from

a proton. (b) What is the potential difference
between two points that are 1.00 cm and 2.00 cm
from a proton? (c) What If? Repeat parts (a) and (b)
for an electron.
19. The three charges in Figure P25.19 are at the
vertices of an isosceles triangle. Calculate the
electric potential at the midpoint of the base, taking
q = 7.00 C.

Figure P25.28

37. The potential in a region between x = 0 and x = 6.00

m is V = a + bx, where a = 10.0 V and b = 7.00 V/m.
Determine (a) the potential at x = 0, 3.00 m, and 6.00
m, and (b) the magnitude and direction of the electric
field at x = 0, 3.00 m, and 6.00 m.
60. Two parallel plates having charges of equal
magnitude but opposite sign are separated by 12.0
cm. Each plate has a surface charge density of 36.0
nC/m2. A proton is released from rest at the positive
plate. Determine (a) the potential difference between
the plates, (b) the kinetic energy of the proton when
it reaches the negative plate, (c) the speed of the
proton just before it strikes the negative plate, (d) the
acceleration of the proton, and (e) the force on the
proton. (f) From the force, find the magnitude of the
electric field and show that it is equal to the electric
field found from the charge densities on the plates.

Figure P25.19
28. Two particles, with charges of 20.0 nC and 20.0 nC,
are placed at the points with coordinates (0, 4.00
cm) and (0, 4.00 cm), as shown in Figure P25.28. A
particle with charge 10.0 nC is located at the origin.
(a) Find the electric potential energy of the
configuration of the three fixed charges. (b) A
fourth particle, with a mass of 2.00 1013 kg and a
charge of 40.0 nC, is released from rest at the point
(3.00 cm, 0). Find its speed after it has moved freely
to a very large distance away.

Chapter 26: Capacitance and Dielectrics

3.

An isolated charged conducting sphere of radius

12.0 cm creates an electric field of 4.90 10 4 N/C at
a distance 21.0 cm from its center. (a) What is its
surface charge density? (b) What is its capacitance?

7.

An air-filled capacitor consists of two parallel

plates, each with an area of 7.60 cm2, separated by a
distance of 1.80 mm. A 20.0-V potential difference
is applied to these plates. Calculate (a) the electric
field between the plates, (b) the surface charge
density, (c) the capacitance, and (d) the charge on
each plate.

29. Find the equivalent capacitance between points a and

b in the combination of capacitors shown in Figure
P26.29.

Figure P26.29

11. A 50.0-m length of coaxial cable has an inner

conductor that has a diameter of 2.58 mm and
carries a charge of 8.10 C. The surrounding
conductor has an inner diameter of 7.27 mm and a
charge of 8.10 C. (a) What is the capacitance of
this cable? (b) What is the potential difference
between the two conductors? Assume the region
between the conductors is air.

33. Two capacitors, C1 = 25.0 F and C2 = 5.00 F, are

connected in parallel and charged with a 100-V
power supply. (a) Draw a circuit diagram and
calculate the total energy stored in the two
capacitors. (b) What If? What potential difference
would be required across the same two capacitors
connected in series in order that the combination
stores the same amount of energy as in (a)? Draw a
circuit diagram of this circuit.

23. Consider the circuit shown in Figure P26.23, where

C1 = 6.00 F, C2 = 3.00 F, and V = 20.0 V. Capacitor
C1 is first charged by the closing of switch S1. Switch
S1 is then opened, and the charged capacitor is
connected to the uncharged capacitor by the closing
of S2. Calculate the initial charge acquired by C1 and
the final charge on each capacitor.

47. A parallel-plate capacitor in air has a plate separation

of 1.50 cm and a plate area of 25.0 cm2. The plates are
charged to a potential difference of 250 V and
disconnected from the source. The capacitor is then
immersed in distilled water. Determine (a) the
charge on the plates before and after immersion, (b)
the capacitance and potential difference after
immersion, and (c) the change in energy of the
capacitor. Assume the liquid is an insulator.
48. A wafer of titanium dioxide ( = 173) of area 1.00 cm2
has a thickness of 0.100 mm. Aluminum is
evaporated on the parallel faces to form a parallelplate capacitor. (a) Calculate the capacitance. (b)
When the capacitor is charged with a 12.0-V battery,
what is the magnitude of charge delivered to each
plate.

Figure P26.23

Chapter 27: Current and Resistance

11. An aluminum wire having a cross-sectional area of
4.00 10-6 m2 carries a current of 5.00 A. Find the
drift speed of the electrons in the wire. The density
of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3. Assume that one
conduction electron is supplied by each atom.

43. A coil of Nichrome wire is 25.0 m long. The wire has

a diameter of 0.400 mm and is at 20.0C. If it carries a
current of 0.500 A, what are (a) the magnitude of the
electric field in the wire, and (b) the power delivered
to it? (c) What If? If the temperature is increased to
340C and the voltage across the wire remains
constant, what is the power delivered?

12. Calculate the current density in a gold wire at 20C,

if an electric field of 0.740 V/m exists in the wire.
15. A 0.900-V potential difference is maintained across
a 1.50-m length of tungsten wire that has a crosssectional area of 0.600 mm2. What is the current in
the wire?
17. Suppose that you wish to fabricate a uniform wire
out of 1.00 g of copper. If the wire is to have a
resistance of R = 0.500, and if all of the copper is
to be used, what will be (a) the length and (b) the
diameter of this wire?
24. The rod in Figure P27.24 is made of two materials.
The figure is not drawn to scale. Each conductor has
a square cross section 3.00 mm on a side. The first
material has a resistivity of 4.00 10 3 m and is
25.0 cm long, while the second material has a
resistivity of 6.00 103 m and is 40.0 cm long.
What is the resistance between the ends of the rod?

Figure P27.24
31. An aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.100 mm has
a uniform electric field of 0.200 V/m imposed along
its entire length. The temperature of the wire is
50.0C. Assume one free electron per atom. (a) Use
the information in Table 27.1 and determine the
resistivity. (b) What is the current density in the
wire? (c) What is the total current in the wire? (d)
What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons?
(e) What potential difference must exist between
the ends of a 2.00-m length of the wire to produce
the stated electric field?
39. What is the required resistance of an immersion
heater that increases the temperature of 1.50 kg of
water from 10.0C to 50.0C in 10.0 min while
operating at 110 V?

Chapter 28: Direct Current Circuit

4.

8.

An automobile battery has an emf of 12.6 V and an

internal resistance of 0.080 0 . The headlights
together present equivalent resistance 5.00
(assumed constant). What is the potential
difference across the headlight bulbs (a) when they
are the only load on the battery and (b) when the
starter motor is operated, taking an additional 35.0
A from the battery?

34. A capacitor in an RC circuit is charged to 60.0% of its

maximum value in 0.900 s. What is the time constant
of the circuit?
37. The circuit in Figure P28.37 has been connected for a
long time. (a) What is the voltage across the
capacitor? (b) If the battery is disconnected, how long
does it take the capacitor to discharge to one tenth of
its initial voltage?

Four copper wires of equal length are connected in

series. Their cross-sectional areas are 1.00 cm2, 2.00
cm2, 3.00 cm2, and 5.00 cm2. A potential difference
of 120 V is applied across the combination.
Determine the voltage across the 2.00-cm2 wire.

16. Two resistors connected in series have an

equivalent resistance of 690 . When they are
connected in parallel, their equivalent resistance is
150 . Find the resistance of each resistor.

Figure P28.37

27. A dead battery is charged by connecting it to the

live battery of another car with jumper cables (Fig.
P28.27). Determine the current in the starter and in
the dead battery.

Figure P28.27
30. Calculate the power delivered to each resistor
shown in Figure P28.30.

Figure P28.30

Chapter 29: Magnetic Fields

2.

Consider an electron near the Earths equator. In

which direction does it tend to deflect if its velocity
is directed (a) downward, (b) northward, (c)
westward, or (d) southeastward?

3.

An electron moving along the positive x axis

perpendicular to a magnetic field experiences a
magnetic deflection in the negative y direction.
What is the direction of the magnetic field?

7.

A proton moving at 4.00 106 m/s through a

magnetic field of 1.70 T experiences a magnetic
force of magnitude 8.20 1013 N. What is the angle
between the protons velocity and the field?

34. Review Problem. An electron moves in a circular

path perpendicular to a constant magnetic field of
magnitude 1.00 mT. The angular momentum of the
electron about the center of the circle is 4.00 10 25 J
s. Determine (a) the radius of the circular path and
(b) the speed of the electron.

12. A wire carries a steady current of 2.40 A. A straight

section of the wire is 0.750 m long and lies along the
^

x axis within a uniform magnetic field, B = 1.60 k

T. If the current is in the +x direction, what is the
magnetic force on the section of wire?
14. A conductor suspended by two flexible wires as
shown in Figure P29.14 has a mass per unit length
of 0.040 0 kg/m. What current must exist in the
conductor in order for the tension in the supporting
wires to be zero when the magnetic field is 3.60 T
into the page? What is the required direction for the
current?

Figure P29.14
20. A current of 17.0 mA is maintained in a single
circular loop of 2.00 m circumference. A magnetic
field of 0.800 T is directed parallel to the plane of
the loop. (a) Calculate the magnetic moment of the
loop. (b) What is the magnitude of the torque
exerted by the magnetic field on the loop?
32. A proton moving freely in a circular path
perpendicular to a constant magnetic field takes
1.00 s to complete one revolution. Determine the
magnitude of the magnetic field.

Chapter 30: Sources of the Magnetic Field

2.

A lightning bolt may carry a current of 1.00 10 4 A

for a short period of time. What is the resulting
magnetic field 100 m from the bolt? Suppose that
the bolt extends far above and below the point of
observation.

5.

Determine the magnetic field at a point P located a

distance x from the corner of an infinitely long wire
bent at a right angle, as shown in Figure P30.5. The
wire carries a steady current I.

15. Two long, parallel conductors carry currents I1 = 3.00

A and I2 = 3.00 A, both directed into the page in
Figure P30.15. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant magnetic field at P.

Figure P30.15
18. Two long, parallel wires are attracted to each other
by a force per unit length of 320 N/m when they are
separated by a vertical distance of 0.500 m. The
current in the upper wire is 20.0 A to the right.
Determine the location of the line in the plane of the
two wires along which the total magnetic field is
zero.

Figure P30.5
9.

Two very long, straight, parallel wires carry

currents that are directed perpendicular to the
page, as in Figure P30.9. Wire 1 carries a current I1
into the page (in the z direction) and passes
through the x axis at x = +a. Wire 2 passes through
the x axis at x = 2a and carries an unknown current
I2. The total magnetic field at the origin due to the
current-carrying wires has the magnitude
20I1/(2a). The current I2 can have either of two
possible values. (a) Find the value of I2 with the
smaller magnitude, stating it in terms of I1 and
giving its direction. (b) Find the other possible
value of I2.

26. The magnetic coils of a tokamak fusion reactor are in

the shape of a toroid having an inner radius of 0.700
m and an outer radius of 1.30 m. The toroid has 900
turns of large-diameter wire, each of which carries a
current of 14.0 kA. Find the magnitude of the
magnetic field inside the toroid along (a) the inner
radius and (b) the outer radius.
31. What current is required in the windings of a long
solenoid that has 1 000 turns uniformly distributed
over a length of 0.400 m, to produce at the center of
the solenoid a magnetic field of magnitude 1.00 10
4 T?

Figure P30.9
33. A single-turn square loop of wire, 2.00 cm on each
edge, carries a clockwise current of 0.200 A. The loop
is inside a solenoid, with the plane of the loop
perpendicular to the magnetic field of the solenoid.
The solenoid has 30 turns/cm and carries a clockwise
current of 15.0 A. Find the force on each side of the
loop and the torque acting on the loop.

Chapter 31: Faradays Law

3.

A 25-turn circular coil of wire has diameter 1.00 m.

It is placed with its axis along the direction of the
Earths magnetic field of 50.0 T, and then in 0.200
s it is flipped 180. An average emf of what
magnitude is generated in the coil?

26. The square loop in Figure P31.26 is made of wires

with total series resistance 10.0 . It is placed in a
uniform 0.100-T magnetic field directed
perpendicularly into the plane of the paper. The
loop, which is hinged at each corner, is pulled as
shown until the separation between points A and B
is 3.00 m. If this process takes 0.100 s, what is the
average current generated in the loop? What is the
direction of the current?

10. A coil of 15 turns and radius 10.0 cm surrounds a

long solenoid of radius 2.00 cm and 1.00 10 3
turns/meter (Fig. P31.10). The current in the
solenoid changes as I = (5.00 A) sin(120t). Find the
induced emf in the 15-turn coil as a function of
time.

Figure P31.26
28. Use Lenzs law to answer the following questions
concerning the direction of induced currents. (a)
What is the direction of the induced current in
resistor R in Figure P31.28a when the bar magnet is
moved to the left? (b) What is the direction of the
current induced in the resistor R immediately after
the switch S in Figure P31.28b is closed? (c) What
is the direction of the induced current in R when
the current I in Figure P31.28c decreases rapidly to
zero? (d) A copper bar is moved to the right while
its axis is maintained in a direction perpendicular
to a magnetic field, as shown in Figure P31.28d. If
the top of the bar becomes positive relative to the
bottom, what is the direction of the magnetic field?

Figure P31.10
15. A coil formed by wrapping 50 turns of wire in the
shape of a square is positioned in a magnetic field
so that the normal to the plane of the coil makes an
angle of 30.0 with the direction of the field. When
the magnetic field is increased uniformly from 200
T to 600 T in 0.400 s, an emf of magnitude 80.0
mV is induced in the coil. What is the total length
of the wire?
19. An automobile has a vertical radio antenna 1.20 m
long. The automobile travels at 65.0 km/h on a
horizontal road where the Earths magnetic field is
50.0 T directed toward the north and downward
at an angle of 65.0 below the horizontal. (a) Specify
the direction that the automobile should move in
order to generate the maximum motional emf in
the antenna, with the top of the antenna positive
relative to the bottom. (b) Calculate the magnitude
of this induced emf.

Figure P31.28
9

34. A long solenoid with 1 000 turns per meter and

radius 2.00 cm carries an oscillating current given
by I = (5.00 A) sin(100t). What is the electric field
induced at a radius r = 1.00 cm from the axis of the
solenoid? What is the direction of this electric field
when the current is increasing counterclockwise in
the coil?

29. A rectangular coil with resistance R has N turns,

each of length and width w as shown in Figure
P31.29. The coil moves into a uniform magnetic
field B with constant velocity v. What are the
magnitude and direction of the total magnetic force
on the coil (a) as it enters the magnetic field, (b) as
it moves within the field, and (c) as it leaves the
field?

Figure P31.29

Chapter 32: Inductance

5.

A 10.0-mH inductor carries a current I = Imax sin t,

with Imax = 5.00 A and /2 = 60.0 Hz. What is the
back emf as a function of time?

7.

An inductor in the form of a solenoid contains 420

turns, is 16.0 cm in length, and has a cross-sectional
area of 3.00 cm2. What uniform rate of decrease of
current through the inductor induces an emf of 175
V?

27. A 140-mH inductor and a 4.90- resistor are

connected with a switch to a 6.00-V battery as shown
in Figure P32.27. (a) If the switch is thrown to the left
(connecting the battery), how much time elapses
before the current reaches 220 mA? (b) What is the
current in the inductor 10.0 s after the switch is
closed? (c) Now the switch is quickly thrown from a
to b. How much time elapses before the current falls
to 160 mA?

8. The current in a 90.0-mH inductor changes with

time as I = 1.00t2 6.00t (in SI units). Find the
magnitude of the induced emf at (a) t = 1.00 s and
(b) t = 4.00 s. (c) At what time is the emf zero?
22. Consider the circuit in Figure P32.17, taking = 6.00
V, L = 8.00 mH, and R = 4.00 . When the switch is
closed, the current takes 3.00 ms to reach 98.0% of
its final value. If R = 10.0 , what is the inductance?

Figure P32.27
31. An air-core solenoid with 68 turns is 8.00 cm long and
has a diameter of 1.20 cm. How much energy is
stored in its magnetic field when it carries a current
of 0.770 A?
Figure P32.17

10

Chapter 33: Alternating Current Circuit

4.

In the simple AC circuit shown in Figure 33.2, R =

70.0 and v = Vmax sin t. (a) If vR = 0.250 Vmax
for the first time at t = 0.010 0 s, what is the angular
frequency of the source? (b) What is the next value
of t for which vR = 0.250 Vmax?

23. An RLC circuit consists of a 150- resistor, a 21.0-F

capacitor, and a 460-mH inductor, connected in
series with a 120-V, 60.0-Hz power supply. (a) What
is the phase angle between the current and the
applied voltage? (b) Which reaches its maximum
earlier, the current or the voltage?

30. The voltage source in Figure P33.30 has an output of

Vrms = 100 V at = 1 000 rad/s. Determine (a) the
current in the circuit and (b) the power supplied by
the source. (c) Show that the power delivered to the
resistor is equal to the power supplied by the source.

Figure 33.2
6.

Figure P33.6 shows three lamps connected to a 120V AC (rms) household supply voltage. Lamps 1 and
2 have 150-W bulbs; lamp 3 has a 100-W bulb. Find
the rms current and resistance of each bulb.

Figure P33.30
32. A series RLC circuit has a resistance of 45.0 and an
impedance of 75.0 . What average power is
delivered to this circuit when Vrms = 210 V?
40. A series RLC circuit has components with following
values: L = 20.0 mH, C = 100 nF, R = 20.0 , and Vmax
= 100 V, with v = Vmax sin t. Find (a) the resonant
frequency, (b) the amplitude of the current at the
resonant frequency, (c) the Q of the circuit, and (d)
the amplitude of the voltage across the inductor at
resonance.

Figure P33.6
8.

An inductor is connected to a 20.0-Hz power supply

that produces a 50.0-V rms voltage. What
inductance is needed to keep the instantaneous
current in the circuit below 80.0 mA?

11. For the circuit shown in Figure 33.6, Vmax = 80.0 V,

= 65.0 rad/s, and L = 70.0 mH. Calculate the
current in the inductor at t = 15.5 ms.
18. A 1.00-mF capacitor is connected to a standard
electrical outlet (Vrms = 120 V; f = 60.0 Hz).
Determine the current in the capacitor at t = (1/180)
s, assuming that at t = 0, the energy stored in the
capacitor is zero.

11