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17th Dynasty
1.
2.
Volume I:2
(Daughter)
15.
Volume I:2
18.
Ramses
VIII
(Sethirkhopsef
Usirmare seems
the
best
reconstruction,
but
Akhenamun Ramesse), b. ca 1195 B.C.; Nesubanebdjed (Smendes) is also a possibility.
Pharaoh of Egypt 1129-1127 B.C.; d 1127 B.C.
Psusennes
I
(Akheperre
Setepenamun
Psibkhaemne (Psusennes I), b. 1078 B.C.;
Pharaoh of Egypt 1039-991 B.C.; d 991 B.C. at
Tanis; m. Wiay
Istemkheb, b. 1050 B.C.; Princess of Egypt. m.
Menkheperre, High Priest of the god Amon in
Thebes 1045-992 B.C.
This filiation and the next depends on 26. Psusennes II (Titkheperre Setepenre HarPsibkhaemne), b. 995 B.C.; Pharaoh of Egypt
Kitchens hypothesis that Tyti, kings daughter,
959-945 B.C.; d 945 B.C.
kings wife and kings mother, was the wife of
19
Ramses X.
It is not certain that Psusennes, High Priest of
21. Ramses XI (Khaemwaset Menmare Setepenptah Amun, is identical with Psusennes II, king of
Ramesse), b. ca 1130 B.C.; Pharaoh of Egypt Egypt, though most scholars think so. Kitchen
believes they were not. Dodson has argued that
1099-1069 B.C.; d 1069 B.C.
Psusennes II was a nominal king, coregent with
22
Shoshenq I. If they were different, then (27)
21st Dynasty
Maatkares ancestry must be sought through the
22. Henttawy, b. 1105 B.C.; Princess of Egypt. m. main line of the 21st dynasty, which is not
Hedjkheperre
Setepenre
Nesubanebdjed, nearly so well known as the High Priests of
Pharaoh of Egypt 1069-1043 B.C.
Amun in this period.
This
is
taken
from
Kitchens
1972 22nd Dynasty
reconstruction. He emended this in 1986 to
propose instead that Henttawy married 27. Maatkare, b. 955 B.C.; Princess of Egypt; d
Pinudjem I, high priest of Amun at Thebes
after 940 B.C. m. Sekhemkheperre Setepenre
20
(1070-1055) and nominal king (1054-1032).
Osorkon I, Pharaoh of Egypt 924-889 B.C.
Henntawys parentage is not certain, though she
was a kings daughter and Psusennes I had 28. Heqakheperre Setepenre Shoshenk II, b. 940
B.C.; High Priest of the god Amon in Thebes
Ramessid connections in his name. Ramses XI
30.
Volume I:2
36.
38.
Iribre Nekauba, b. 735 B.C.; Prince of Sais 688672 B.C.; d 672 B.C.
45.
Atossa, b. 545 B.C.; Princess of Persia; d Pharnaces being Pharnaspes himself. But in
480/465 (?) B.C. m. Darayavahush (Darius I), this case Cassandanes mother was probably
King of Persia 522-486 B.C.; d 486 B.C.
Atossa, the aunt of Cyrus. Cyrus daughter
Atossa was therefore almost certainly named
It is exceedingly unlikely that Atossa was the after her maternal grandmother - and
daughter of Nitetis. The case presented by Cassandane was indeed her mother, just as
33
Settipani is entirely circumstantial.
He Herodotus says.
establishes that Atossa was most likely born
around 545, that the period after Cyrus
The DfA charts present a second descent from
conquest of Lydia in 547 is the most likely time, the pharaohs, via a daughter of Necho II:
politically speaking, for a diplomatic marriage
with Egypt, which allows Nitetis to be in her 42. Nitocris, married Nebuchadnezzar II, king of
early 20s, and that Cassandane may have been
Babylon 605-562
out of favour with Cyrus at about the time of his
marriage to Nitetis. This is all very well, but it
whence
a
hypothetical
(and
highly
discounts the evidence of Herodotus about the questionable) descent is adduced for Andia,
marriages of Cambyses, which is dismissed as mother of Parysatis, the wife of Darius II and
legendary on this point. Herodotus says that ancestress of the later Achaemenids.
34
Cambyses married his full sisters. One of them
This is based on a statement by Herodotus that
died at his hands in Egypt; the other is Atossa, a queen Nitocris of Babylon married a king
who went on to marry both Smerdis and Darius Labynetus and was the mother of a king
I, becoming the mother of Xerxes. Atossa is Labynetus.36 One of these may be identified as
unknown in Persian sources and does not Nabonidus.
Since the name Nitocris is
appear to have been Darius favourite wife - that undoubtedly Egyptian, Dougherty proposed
was Artysone, another daughter of Cyrus - but that she was a daughter of Nebuchadnezzar via
as the mother of Xerxes she was of very great a marriage to a daughter of Necho II of
interest to the Greeks (Aeschylus refers to her unknown name.37 In view of the abhorrence that
death in one of his plays). It is hard to believe Egyptian kings showed for placing their
that Herodotus did not know who her mother daughters in foreign marriages, this theory is
38
was.
most unlikely.
Lewy has more plausibly
Settipani presents us with another line of suggested that Nitocris is Herodotus
argument against Nitetis being Atossas misunderstanding of a form of Naqia, the wife
35
mother.
Cyrus principal wife was of Sennacherib; it may be noted that Nabonidus
Cassandane, the mother of Cambyses, who died claimed descent from the Assyrian kings.39
in Babylon in 539, shortly after Cyrus conquered
it.
She was the daughter of Pharnaspes.
Notes
Diodorus has a corrupt ancestry of the kings of
Cappadocia which begins with a Pharnaces
This article appeared in a slightly different form as a
who married an Atossa, sister of Cambyses I
series of postings to the Internet UseNet newsgroup
(hence the aunt of Cyrus). Settipani presents a
soc.gen.medieval in October 1995. The DfA listing is
good argument that this genealogy is mostly
that provided in an earlier posting to the same
correct (with a straightforward emendation and
newsgroup by Rik Vigelund, with some minor editorial
emendations.
one clear late interpolation), and that
Pharnaces and his immediate descendants can The following abbreviations are used for reference
sources:
be identified with known individuals in the
family of this same Pharnaspes, with
Volume I:2
ArchOr:
ASAE:
BIFAO:
BSFE:
GM:
JAMS:
JEA:
JNES:
LdA:
MDAIK:
Or:
RdE:
SAK:
TIP:
1
Archiv Orientln
Annales du service des antiquits de lgypte
Bulletin de linstitut franais darchologie
orientale
Bulletin de la socit franaise dgyptologie
Gttinger Miszellen
Journal of Ancient and Medieval Studies
(available from the Octavian Society)
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
Lexikon der gyptologie
Mitteilungen des deutschen archologischen
Instituts Abteiling Kairo
Orientalia
Revue dgyptologie
Studien zur altgyptischen Kultur
K. A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period
in Egypt, 2nd edition (Warminster, 1986).
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