1 .

CPM
The critical path method (CPM) is a step-by-step project management technique for process planning that
defines critical and non-critical tasks with the goal of preventing time-frame problems and
process bottlenecks. The CPM is ideally suited to projects consisting of numerous activities that interact
in a complex manner.
What is a 'PERT Chart'
A PERT chart is a project management tool that provides a graphical representation of a project's timeline.
PERT, or Program Evaluation Review Technique, allows the tasks in a particular project to be analyzed.
Although PERT charts are preferable to Gantt charts because they more clearly identify task
dependencies, PERT charts are often more difficult to interpret.
RESOURCE LEVELLING
Resource leveling is a technique in project management that overlooks resource allocation and resolves
possible conflict arising from over-allocation. When project managers undertake a project, they need to
plan their resources accordingly.
This will benefit the organization without having to face conflicts and not being able to deliver on time.
Resource leveling is considered one of the key elements to resource management in the organization.
An organization starts to face problems if resources are not allocated properly i.e., some resource may be
over-allocated whilst others will be under-allocated. Both will bring about a financial risk to the
organization.
PROJECT AUDIT
Project auditing can be defined as the process of detailed inspection of the management of a project, its
methodology, its techniques, its procedures, its documents, its properties, its budgets, its expenses and its
level
of
completion.
A project audit is a key step in the process of closing a project. This audit evaluates the total project
processes and outcomes

PROJECT EVALUATION
Project evaluation refers to the systematic investigation of an objects worth or merit. The methodology is
applied in projects, programs and policies. At the project level, evaluation involves processes such as
discussing a viable evaluation plan with stakeholders; designing and planning the evaluation; collecting,

identifying and analyzing information and evidence; analyzing the information; and distributing the
findings to describe or understand the project and/or to make project-related decisions.
TOOLS USED FOR CONTROL
WBS work breakdown structure
Gantt chart
Pert
Cpm
Resourse histogram
Project management software
Earned value management
DIFFERENT TYPES OF POST AUDIT
Technical evaluation evaluation of quality , quantity of production,, operating cost in production
Financial evaluation- made at the time of project appraisal identifying project cost under various heads ,
maintenance cost, cash flow and fund flow estimates
Economic evaluation- difficult to make as it cannot be quantified easily
MATRIX ORGANIZATION
Matrix management involves coordinating, organizing and executing a sometimes complex web
of relationships that come about when people join the project team and are subject to the
resulting multiple authority-responsibility-accountability relationships in the organization. This
type of organization is an attempt to take advantage of the benefits of a pure project
organization while maintaining the advantages of the functional organization.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL TEAM CHARACTERISTICS

People with different disciplines will offer multiple points of view

Brings out potential in each individual.
Creativity and innovation
Expert in each field