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Structural Analysis
By
JJames KK. NNelson
l
&&JJack
k CC. McCormac
Theory of StructuresII
. Tayyab
E EngrSh
h d SZafar
l
Department of Civil Engineering
INTRODUCTION
Deflection is the linear displacement of points
Slope is the rotational displacement of lines
For beams and frames, the largest values are caused by bending
moments.
For trusses, the largest values are caused by axial forces.
Deflections caused by shearing forces, as a percentage of beam
deflection, increase as the ratio of beam depth to span increases.
A rigid joint can displace but it cannot deform, the joint does not
change size or shape as it displaces.
The relative orientation of the ends of the members connected
to a joint is the same before and after displacement of the joint.
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(c) Without calculations we do not know whether the deflection at the right end is up or down.
The concentrated load tends to push the right end down while the uniform load tends to push it up.
EXAMPLE 1
Consider the threespan continuous beam subjected to a
concentrated force on one span and a distributed force on
another span in the figure. Sketch the qualitative deflected shape
for this beam.
Solution:
Sketch the left span first. The left side cannot rotate because it is
connected
d to a fixed joint. The
h load is acting ddownward
d so the span
will tend to deflect downward.
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The right end can rotate, but neither the left nor right ends can
translate vertically. As the member deformation is sketched, sketch
the displacement of the joints.
Then sketch the deformation of the right span. Both ends of the
to this
right span can rotate but
but neither can
can translate. The
The result to
point is shown below.
Now sketch the deformed shape of the middle span. Because the
member has no external load acting on it, it deforms only in
response to the displacement of the joints to which it is connected.
The slope of the members connected at a particular joint must be
the same.
ANS
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EXAMPLE 2
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the cantilevered beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load shown in the figure.
Solution:
The load on the left span tends to cause the joint at the right
support to rotate counterclockwise while the load on the right
span tends to cause that same joint to rotate clockwise.
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EXAMPLE 2
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the cantilevered beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load shown in the figure.
Solution:
The longer span will tend to dominate the rotation; we can sketch
the deformation accordingly.
Sketch the left span first and show the resulting rotation of the
joints. The load is acting downward so the span will tend to deflect
downward.
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EXAMPLE 2
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the cantilevered beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load shown in the figure.
Solution:
Both ends can rotate, but neither end can translate vertically. As
the member deformation is sketched, sketch the displacement of
the joints.
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EXAMPLE 2
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the cantilevered beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load shown in the figure.
Solution:
Next, sketch the deformation of the right span, the cantilever span.
There is not a support at the right side of the span so that end will
displace in response to the applied load.
Recall that the geometry of the joints does not change so the
tangents of the deflected shapes of the two spans at the right
support must be the same.
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EXAMPLE 2
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the cantilevered beam
subjected to a uniformly distributed load shown in the figure.
Solution:
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EXAMPLE 3
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the braced frame shown
in figure. Because this is a braced frame, the joints will not
translate relative to one another.
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Solution:
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Solution:
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Solution:
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EXAMPLE 4
Sketch the qualitative deflected shape of the unbraced frame
shown in figure. Recall that an unbraced frame is a frame in
which the joints can translate laterally.
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Solution:
the deformed
Sketch
shape of the left column
first. The load is applied on
that side.
The top of the column will
move to the right and will
tend to rotate clockwise.
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Solution:
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Solution:
Solution:
sketch
the
Lastly,
deformed shape of the
beam at the top.
Because the joints do not
deform, the beam and the
columns must continue to
form right angles at the
joint.
j i t
THANK YOU
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